Medicinal reference book geotar. Amoxicillin than dangerous Amoxicillin method of administration and dose

30.06.2017

- an antibiotic of a new generation of a large spectrum of action, which belongs to the species penicillin preparations.

This medicinal product is intended to treat infectious diseases in the body. The task of the drug is to destroy pathogenic microorganisms.Amoxicillin release form: tablets, capsules, suspension for children, suspension for injection.

Sensitivity to the preparation of bacteria and viruses

In order to overcome a bacterial infection in the body, it is necessary that the microbes be sensitive to the drug and its effect. On themedicine AmoxicillinBacteria react:

• streptococci;
• golden staphylococcus aureus;
• listeria;
• coli infection;
• bacterium enterococcus;
• bacteria that provoke peptic ulcer of the stomach and intestines;
• staphylococcal bacteria;
• proteus;
• Klebsiella microbes;
• shigella;
• gonococci;
• meningococcus;
• salmonella.

According to Amoxicillin indications for use, the drug does not affect viruses and fungal diseases in the human body.

Properties of the drug Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin has received great use in pediatrics and has the following properties:

• absolutely non-toxic - can be used by children from the moment of birth;
• bioavailability properties - the drug is absorbed in the intestine, which gives good effect from taking tablets and suspensions, as well as from injections;
• acid resistance - does not respond to an increased acidic environment inside the stomach;
• wide distribution - a wide spectrum of action in the human body;
• does not have the ability to accumulate in the body - it is quickly excreted from the body by the kidneys.

What diseases is Amoxicillin used for?

Amoxicillin: what helps?Diseases in the body of a child and the body of an adult are caused by microorganisms: viruses, bacteria, fungi. Bacteria that cause infections are quite sensitive to the antibiotic Amoxicillin. Use this remedy for the following diseases:

• otitis of ENT organs;
• inflammation of the nasopharynx (sinusitis, sinusitis);
• infectious angina, pharyngitis, tonsillitis;
• ARI (bronchitis, tracheitis);
• infectious pneumonia;
• diseases pyelonephritis;
• bacterial cystitis;
• acute and latent form of urethritis;
• endometritis disease;
• diseases caused by Escherichia coli;
• salmonellosis;
• purulent meningitis;
• purulent sepsis;
• erysipelas of the skin;
• purulent diseases of the skin.

The therapeutic effect of the use of this drug, shows positive result- already from the second day of taking the medicine, there is a positive trend

The drug does not decompose in the gastric acidic environment, which is its distinguishing feature and maximum efficiency.

The use of Amoxicillin during childbearing and breastfeeding

The instruction of the pharmacological company does not recommend taking the medicine during the period of bearing a child and when breastfeeding a small child.

The remedy during pregnancy is prescribed in an extreme situation, if the benefit of taking the medication is much higher than the threat of adverse pathologies for the developing fetus.

Amoxicillin during pregnancy second trimestercan be used once, but only under the supervision of a doctor.

If you take Amoxicillin during pregnancy, then the unborn child may experience inflammation of the large intestine.

Amoxicillin during pregnancydoes not lead to fetal pathologies, but it should be taken only if other less dangerous drugs are not suitable.

Amoxicillin during pregnancythe second trimester can be used once, but only under the supervision of a doctor.

The drug contains amoxicillin, and during lactation, a woman in breast milk has enough amoxicillin for a baby. When taking an antibiotic by a woman in labor, the child may experience an overdose of the drug.

If there is an emergency during lactation, takeAmoxicillin at breastfeeding , then you need to switch to feeding with mixtures.

The use of Amoxicillin in the treatment of children

Amoxicillin for childrenbefore age period 10 years, give 20 mg per kilogram of the child's weight. If the weight of the child is more than 40 kg, in this case, Amoxicillin tablets are dosed, according to the instructions for an adult. For the youngest children from the age of 3 months, the medicine must be used in the formAmoxicillin suspension- the suspension for children is easier to dose and the child will be able to swallow it.

Amoxicillin compositionsuspensions include amoxicillin granules and raspberry or strawberry flavor.

A child from 2 years to 5 years old - a dose of suspension per day 125 mg, which is divided into 3 doses.

A child from 5 to 10 years old - a dose of suspension per day 250 mg, which is divided into 3 doses or Amoxicillin 250 capsules.

Most often, Amoxicillin is prescribed for children with:

• infectious angina;
• staphylococcus;
• streptococcus;
• ORZ;
• intestinal poisoning of the body and infections;
• infectious inflammation Bladder.

The use of a drug for an adult human body

How to take the drugantibiotic Amoxicillinfor adults before meals or after meals?

Antibiotic Amoxicillin 500, Amoxicillin 1000, Amoxicillin 250- used inside, not tied to the time of eating, but in order to reduce its negative effect on the stomach, it is better to take it at the time of eating. It is desirable to drink antibiotics at the same time. In diseases caused by infections of a mild nature of the disease and the course of the disease of moderate severityAmoxicillin capsules250 -3 - 4 times a day, one capsule.

Amoxicillin 500 mg- 2-3 times a day, 1 capsule.

Joint applicationAmoxicillin and alcoholcan aggravate the course of the disease and spread the infection further.

Amoxicillin indication for usewith severe infectious diseases, it is necessary to increase the frequency of administration up to 4 times a day or takeAmoxicillin tabletsat a dose of 1000 mg 2 times a day.

With gonorrhea in acute form disease is necessary in conjunction with medications:

• Cefixime - taken orally, one tablet of 400 mg. It is possible to use during the period of bearing a child.
• Ciprofloxacin - orally, once 500 mg, for gonorrhea at the initial stage of infection. It is not recommended to take this drug during pregnancy.
• Ofloxacin - orally, once 400 mg. If, in addition to gonococcal infection, diseases caused by other infections are observed in the body, treatment is carried out for 10-15 days. When carrying a child, the drug is not taken.

With cystitis, a positive result in treatment is provided by Amoxicillin.

Amoxicillin for cystitis - adult dosage drug:

• 250 mg - three times a day;
• 500 mg - three times a day.

If, for some reason, the drug is missed, it is strictly forbidden to take a double dose of the drug. After the symptoms of the disease have passed, the drug must be taken until the end of the course of treatment.

Amoxicillin 15 used in veterinary medicine. For the treatment of dogs and cats from infection, apply Amoxicillin 15 strictly according to the instructions. For positive treatment of animals, use injections with the drug Amoxicillin 15 , you need a course prescribed by a veterinarian. Overdose Amoxicillin 15 comes from not correct application funds or from exceeding the time of taking the medicine.

Side effects of taking Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin instructionclearly indicates the side effect of the drug. After using the antibiotic Amoxicillin, a series of side effects:

• change in taste buds;
• constant nausea, after eating - vomiting;
• painful diarrhea, constipation;
• acute form of dysbacteriosis;
• overexcitation;
• anxiety state;
• insomnia;
• cramps in the legs and body;
• state of confused consciousness partial loss of memory;
• manic depression;
• sharp pain in the head;
• morning strong circling of the head;
• acute conjunctivitis;
• anaphylactic shock and possibly a coma;
• candidomycosis of the vaginal mucosa;
• candidiasis oral cavity;
• leukopenia;
• thrombocytopenia;
• thrombocytosis;
• bleeding.

Before you start taking this medication, be sure to consult with your doctor.

The reaction to the drug from the side of allergy is manifested in angioedema, rash on skin, anaphylactic shock, as well as conjunctivitis and rhinitis.
Dyspeptic indicators are disturbances in the state of appetite, severe nausea, belching, vomiting after ingestion or during meals.

Side effects are reversible and if you stop taking this drug, the side effects go away on their own.

Amoxicillin and alcohol- not compatible.

Contraindications to the use of this medication

Like any drug, Amoxicillin has a contraindication for various diseases of the body:

• intolerance to components;
• an allergic reaction to substances in the composition of the product;
• allergic intolerance to penicillins;
• insomnia;
• myocardial infarction and heart failure;
• epilepsy;
• nervous excitability;
• convulsions;
• chronic and acute liver diseases;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• diseases of the kidneys and adrenal glands;
• lymphocytic leukemia and mononucleosis;
• alcoholism;
• bearing and feeding a child;

Overdose of Amoxicillin

Overdose medication Amoxicillin symptoms appear: nausea, vomiting, cutting pain in the abdomen and stomach cramps. Signs in nervous system: inhibited actions, groundless drowsiness, depressive and irritable state are manifested. Noise and pain in the ears. Also, overdose symptoms may occur if you takeAmoxicillin and alcohol.

From the side internal organs there is acute renal and hepatic failure, which can lead to long-term drug treatment.

If an overdose occurs, you should immediately flush the stomach with a large amount of liquid using potassium permanganate.

Reasonable use of Amoxicillin has a positive effect on the patient's well-being and contributes to a quick recovery.

Analogues of the drug Amoxicillin

MedicationAmoxicillin analogueswith a similar spectrum of effects on bacteria and produced by various pharmaceutical companies:

• antibiotic Augmentin;
• antibiotic Amoxicillin Solutab;
• Amoxicillin-Ratiopharm;
• Amoxicillin Sandoz;
• Amoxilate agent;
• medicine Amosin;
• means Danemox;
• drug Taysil;
• enhanced antibiotic Gonoform;
• drug Bactox;
• antibiotic Amoxicar;
• drug Apo-Amoxi;
• medicine Ecoclave;
• medicinal product E-mox;
• Means Amoxicillin trihydrate .;

These medicines contain active substance amoxicillin in different doses.

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Antibiotics in the treatment of colds

Antibiotics are traditionally considered in our country as one of the the best means for treatment colds. Therefore, many of our compatriots, as soon as the fire of the disease breaks out in the body, even before going to the doctor, prescribe this effective, in their opinion, remedy.

About how effective antibiotics are for treating a cold, how long a course of antibiotic treatment should last and whether they are harmless to the body, we will be briefly told by the experts of the portal - the official website of the drug Amoxicillin.

First, about the fundamentally important - the use of antibiotics in the treatment of influenza and SARS. Influenza and SARS are caused by viruses, while antibiotics are antibacterial drugs not antiviral.

In particular, amoxicillin, which is considered one of the best bactericidal drugs, when it enters our body, kills all gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. It should be borne in mind that these may not only be the microbes that caused the disease, but also others that may be sensitive to them. Thus, any antibiotic should be taken with caution.

At the same time, the above does not mean at all that, taking an antibiotic prescribed by a doctor, the patient, having barely felt some improvement in his condition, should immediately stop treatment.

Take, for example, funicular tonsillitis. The result of her treatment with antibiotics can be noticed quite quickly: in fact, after three days, the patient usually stops having a sore throat, and the swelling goes away. Meanwhile, not all microbes are destroyed by treatment in this case. The remaining microbes that are not killed will later acquire resistance to the drug and in the future it simply will not help. The average course of antibiotic treatment usually lasts about 10 days!

Editing - Leonid Chirkov
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Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic made from penicillin and has a very broad spectrum of action. This antibiotic copes well with the fight against various cocci, E. coli and other bacteria.

However, readers should be cautioned that this antibiotic is not able to cope with every infection - there is a certain group of bacteria that ignore the action of this drug. Therefore, before using - consult your doctor.

Amoxicillin is present on the market in three forms:

• Capsules. Content active substance approximately 240 mg and 490 mg in each capsule. Produced in a regular cardboard box, the box contains up to 100 capsules.
• Coated tablets. The content of the active substance is approximately 240 mg and 490 mg in each tablet. Produced in a regular cardboard box, the box contains up to 100 capsules.
• Granular Amoxicillin. A suspension is prepared from the granules. From 4-6 ml of this powder, approximately 200-300 mg of Amoxicillin trihydrate is obtained. Produced in a dark glass bottle up to 100 ml. A dosing spoon is included with the vial.

Amoxicillin is excreted from the body by the kidneys. With the help of the enzyme penicillinase (also known as beta-lactamase), produced inside the body, the body breaks down amoxicillin. The peak concentration in the blood is approximately 1.5 hours after application. The drug is resistant to acid, so it is taken orally.

Amoxicillin is prescribed as an antibacterial. This drug copes well with cocci (both gram-positive and gram-negative), and is also effective against various other anaerobic and penicillin G-resistant bacteria. However, this medication should not be taken against strains that are capable of synthesizing beta-lactamase.

The drug should be taken only after being prescribed by your doctor. Your doctor may prescribe Amoxicillin for various infections respiratory tract. These include tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc. Also, the drug can be prescribed for infections of the gastrointestinal tract and gallbladder (cholecystitis). Another appointment of the drug can be with an infectious disease of the urinary canals (gonorrhea, urethritis, pyelonephritis). Doctors may recommend the drug for sepsis. When combined with metronidazole, may be used for ulcers duodenum and gastritis.

How and how much to take

Children over 11 years of age and adults are prescribed Amoxicillin three times a day (500 mg each). If the disease is severe - 1000 mg. It takes one to two weeks to take the drug.

Children under 11 years old - 250 mg per dose, three times a day.

Children under 6 years old - 125 mg per dose, three times a day.

Children under 2 years old for admission this antibiotic calculation is made - 18-20 mg per kg of weight. It is also recommended to take 3 times a day. Take approximately 4-11 days.

It is better for children to take Amoxicillin powder, previously dissolved in water.

How to prepare a suspension

As mentioned above, it is better for children to take an antibiotic in the form of a powder dissolved in water - a suspension. To prepare the suspension, you need to fill the powder bottle up to the mark line with boiled water at room temperature, and then shake well. The approximate shelf life of the mixture is 15 days. A measuring spoon contains approximately 4-6 ml of powder.

Amoxicillin should not be taken by people who are allergic, especially to penicillin. The medicine should not be taken in liver failure - this can aggravate the situation. If you have dysbacteriosis - you should also wait a little while using the drug, do not forget - antibiotics also have a detrimental effect on beneficial bacteria. Infectious mononucleosis, lymphocytic leukemia, pregnancy and lactation are also reasons for choosing a different drug.

Side effects

• In people with allergies, it can cause typical symptoms - rashes, rhinitis, sometimes anaphylaxis.
• Due to its properties, it can cause dysbacteriosis, vomiting, diarrhea and other problems associated with the gastrointestinal tract.
• Amoxicillin can cause headaches and mood swings, accompanied by excessive arousal, insomnia, and depression.
• There is a risk of antibiotic-resistant superinfection

We hope that this article was useful to you. Be healthy.

Pharmacological instruction

According to the official instructions for the use of amoxicillin, the drug is resistant to hydrochloric acid. gastric juice. As a result, almost complete absorption of the active substance of the antibacterial agent is achieved. Care must be taken when dosing in view of possible overdoses due to negligence.

Upon contact with tissue human body amoxicillin begins to actively produce transpeptidase, due to which the production of protein compounds in the cellular structures of bacteria is disrupted. This makes it impossible for the reproduction and growth of the bacterial flora. Bacterial cells break down and are released into the blood a large number toxins. This can provoke a short-term deterioration in the condition of a sick person in the first 12 to 24 hours after the start of therapy.

In the course of clinical trials, a negative effect of the drug on the following forms of pathogenic microflora was revealed:

• strains of staphylococci that do not produce penicillinase;
• streptococci of all types;
• salmonella;
• shigella;
• klebsiella;
• other forms of aerobic bacteria.

You can take the drug at any time, regardless of the use of food. They have no effect on the penetration mechanism of the components medicinal product into the bloodstream. After taking the suspension, tablets or capsules of amoxicillin, the maximum concentration of the active substance is reached after 2 hours. After 5 hours, amoxicillin is found in almost all physiological fluids and tissues human body. The most accessible concentrations are formed in the pleural cavity, pericardium, soft tissues, alveoli, mucous membranes of the lungs, bronchi and oral cavity. Easily penetrates into abdominal cavity, female genital organs, urine and bile. It determines possible indications for the use of amoxicillin. inaccessible environments for this antibiotic are the meninges and spinal cord. Amoxicillin can penetrate into these tissues only at concentrations up to 20 percent. This amount is not enough to affect the pathogenic microflora that causes encephalitis,
meningitis and archnoiditis. In these forms of disease, the drug is not recommended for use except in extreme cases. From the body, the drug is excreted by the kidneys and liver in an almost unchanged form.

How to apply for children

To reduce side effects and to prevent the development of emetic syndrome, it is advisable to give amoxicillin to children in the form of a suspension, which is prepared on the basis of special granules. Depending on the doctor's prescription, a certain amount of granules is taken for a single dose of the drug. But more often, one-stage preparation of a suspension for the entire course of treatment is recommended. To do this, water at room temperature is added to the bottle with granules to the specified level. After vigorous shaking, a homogeneous suspension is obtained, the shelf life of which is 12 days. You need to store in a cool dark place. Before use, it is re-stirred and measured using a special dispenser, which is included in the drug package.

Treatment for angina

It is possible to use amoxicillin for angina only after preliminary seeding of the material obtained during the collection of a swab from the pharynx. Active ingredient this drug is a stimulant for rapid growth diphtheria bacillus. This can be a fatal mistake that will lead to the death of the patient. Especially this indication applies to young children who are prone to diphtheria lesions of the tonsils and larynx.

With the exclusion of diphtheria and the identification of sensitive types of bacterial microflora, amoxicillin for angina is prescribed according to the standard scheme:

• 5 days - course of treatment;
• single dose - 500 mg in adults and 250 mg in children;
• 4 doses of the drug are required per day.

Can it be used during pregnancy?

During breastfeeding, amoxicillin is strictly contraindicated. During pregnancy, the drug can be used only under constant supervision by the attending physician.

Other contraindications

Other contraindications for the use of amoxicillin include renal and hepatic insufficiency.

Do not use this antibiotic for:

• bronchial asthma;
• violations of the functions of hematopoiesis;
• leukemias and lymphoses;
• hypersensitivity of an individual nature to the penicillin series of drugs.

In the presence of contraindications, an analog of amoxicillin is prescribed. It can be ampioks, flemoxin, ampicillin at the doctor's choice.

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If you need a medicine to treat a cold or other inflammatory disease, find out from this article how many days to drink Amoxicillin in order to completely get rid of not only the symptoms, but also the disease itself.

Short reference

Amoxicillin is an analogue of ampicillin with a slightly modified chemical formula.

Amoxicillin is active against a huge group pathogenic bacteria. But it does not work on viruses and fungi.

The instruction provides a list of diseases for which you can drink Amoxicillin.

Leaders in indications for use:

• diseases of ENT organs (tonsillitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis media);
• intestinal infections(dysentery, salmonellosis, peritonitis);
• respiratory diseases (bronchitis, tracheitis, pneumonia);

For the convenience of treating patients, Amoxicillin is available in the form of:

• tablets or capsules of 250, 500 and 1000 mg - for adult patients;
• and children's suspensions of 125 and 250 mg.

Amoxicillin does not save medicinal properties in a dissolved state, so the suspension is available in the form of granules that must be dissolved before use.

Treatment with Amoxicillin

Like any antibiotic from the penicillin group, it is necessary to drink Amoxicillin for angina or other diseases caused by pathogenic microbes at least three times a day, every 8 hours, for 5 to 12 days. Reception of Amoxicillin does not need to be tied to a diet, this does not reduce the effect of treatment and does not harm the health of the stomach.

During treatment with Amoxicillin, it is important to observe regularity, that is, after how much to drink Amoxicillin and not to miss the next dose of the medicine, because a decrease in the concentration of the active substance in the blood leads to the adaptation of microbes to the agent and activation of reproduction. Treatment becomes ineffective. This rule applies to all antibiotics.

Adult Treatment

With an uncomplicated disease, 500 mg of Amoxicillin is prescribed for each dose - this is 1 tablet of 500 mg or 2 tablets of 250 mg.

If there is a positive trend in the course of treatment, and there is no risk of complications, it is recommended to take Amoxicillin for 5 or 7 days, at least.

In the case of a severe course of the disease, when the recovery time is delayed or complications are added, the doctor usually prescribes an increase in dosage to 750 mg and in some cases even up to 1000 mg per dose. The course of treatment is also extended.

Treatment of children

The antibiotic Amoxicillin is often used to treat bacterial infections in children, including sore throats. The manufacturer allows you to prescribe Amoxicillin to newborns and even premature babies.

The instruction describes in detail how to take Amoxicillin correctly for children, according to the age of the child.

For children Amoxicillin, for ease of use, is prescribed in the form of a suspension. It is always prescribed to drink Amoxicillin 3 times a day, but the doses are selected according to the age and weight of the child.

Dosages:

• Up to two years: 20 mg per 1 kg of weight, per day - this is a single dose;
• Between 2 and 5 years: 125 mg, which corresponds to 2.5 ml of solution;
• Children 5 - 10 years old: capsule - 125 mg, or 5 ml of suspension;
• If the child is older than 10 years and weighs more than 40 kg, treatment is carried out in the same way as for adult patients.

Suspension preparation: add boiled water to the bottle with the drug, shake until the granules are completely dissolved. Shake the contents of the vial each time before use.

During pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy is a relative contraindication for taking antibiotics. Is it possible to drink Amoxicillin and how many days the doctor should decide.

During lactation, it is better not to drink Amoxicillin preparations, but to switch to other methods of treatment or temporarily replace natural feeding with artificial.

Peptic ulcer of the stomach, features of treatment

Not so long ago, scientists found that stomach ulcers are caused by a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori. Studies have found that in order to combat this pathogen, you can drink Amoxicillin, at an increased dosage of 1000 mg per dose. But use in combination with metronidazole or its other analogue, an omeprazole derivative.

Important! After the symptoms of the disease disappear, the medication continues and its dosage does not decrease, drink Amoxicillin preparations, you need a couple more days in order to completely defeat the disease.

In the reviews, experts point out that Amoxicillin has been used for a long time, doctors often prescribe it and claim that if Amoxicillin is taken correctly, it effectively helps with bacterial infections.

But they warn that it is dangerous for health to prescribe antibiotics for yourself and decide how many days to drink Amoxicillin.

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Amoxicillin for bronchitis is prescribed to older and younger patients, as it is one of the drugs that have a devastating effect on the walls of pathogenic bacteria. This is a drug that is part of the penicillin group, and its main advantage is a wide spectrum of action. Amoxicillin is more often prescribed than other drugs during the treatment of inflammatory diseases affecting the respiratory tract and directly the respiratory organs. The bronchi are no exception. inflammatory process in which is accompanied by a strong obsessive cough.

The action of the drug

Amoxicillin for bronchitis is a highly effective remedy due to the presence of a bactericidal effect and the ability to have a detrimental effect on many bacteria.

This is a semi-synthetic penicillin that destroys those in the human body:

• staphylococci;
• streptococci;
• coli.

Reception of Amoxicillin is possible only on the prescription of the attending physician, who is able to accurately determine the type of pathogen.

Amoxicillin is directly related to drugs that make up the group of semi-synthetic penicillins, is a derivative of Ampicillin, is highly effective, but is not able to act on strains that produce penicillinase and are highly resistant to antibacterial drugs.

Amoxicillin is chosen for the treatment of diseases of the lower respiratory tract because of its ability to create a high concentration in sputum, which is of great therapeutic importance.

It is not recommended to independently decide on the need for therapy with Amoxicillin. This is due to the fact that there are bacteria that are highly or even completely resistant to the effects of this drug. These are pathogens that produce an enzyme that can destroy antibiotics.

With bronchitis in adults, Amoxicillin is prescribed to get rid of cough and eliminate the very cause of the development of the disease. If a child falls ill, then Amoxicillin will help not only to quickly cope with pathogenic bacteria, but also to achieve a decrease in the baby's body temperature, and will act as an effective pain reliever. An important rule is strict adherence to the dose prescribed by the doctor, which the patient receives.

Violation of the rules of prima and the indicated dosage leads to the appearance of side effects:

1. Failure of the gastrointestinal tract, manifested in the form of diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.
2. Skin rashes caused by an allergic reaction.
3. Difficulty (difficulty) in breathing.
4. Weakness and general malaise.
5. Sleep disorders and psycho-emotional balance.
6. Depression, dizziness, headache.

All these phenomena cause the withdrawal of Amoxicillin, and each of them should be reported to the doctor immediately.

When treatment with Amoxicillin is indicated, and what is a contraindication to taking

Therapy of inflammatory diseases with Amoxicillin is indicated only in the presence of bacterial infection. Viral infections are treated with this tool it is impossible, since viruses are not susceptible to the active substance of the drug.

Effective Amoxicillin is in the treatment of inflammation:

• trachea and bronchi;
• throat
• middle ear;
• vulgar impetigo;
• intestines.

The specific properties of the drug make it the #1 remedy in the treatment of bronchitis. Its action is so fast and effective that patients of any age begin to feel much better already a day after the start of treatment. Children cough more easily, their temperature drops, and breathing becomes easier.

For adults, an amoxicillin regimen has been developed for the treatment of many diseases, but special attention deserves the dosage and regimen of the drug in acute bronchitis.

Despite the effectiveness of this drug and such a feature as a wide spectrum of action, there are a number of painful conditions that are recognized as a contraindication to taking amoxicillin:

1. Liver diseases.
2. Renal failure.
3. Individual intolerance.
4. The presence of an allergic reaction.
5. Complicated intestinal infections.
6. Asthma.

The peculiarity of such an ailment as bronchitis is that in the process of the development of the disease, mucus accumulates in the trunk and branches of the bronchial tree, which is hardly excreted with an unproductive cough.

This mucus is an excellent breeding ground for pathogenic bacteria. Fighting them with Amoxicillin is much easier than taking other drugs.

Admission rules for children

About how to take Amoxicillin so as not to cause harm and not provoke the development of side effects, only the attending physician can tell. It is he who will establish the pathogen during a detailed examination, and he will choose the necessary and correct dosage of the drug.

Amoxicillin is allowed even for children under 2 years of age, but the dose taken must be determined and prescribed by a pediatrician.

Bronchitis in a child can be caused by the penetration of various bacteria into the body, and therefore the use of Amoxicillin as a drug is the key to successful therapy and a quick recovery. Being a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug, it has a detrimental effect on many types of bacteria, accelerating the baby's recovery process.

If a child under the age of two is sick, then bronchitis develops rapidly and manifests itself not only in the form of a cough, but also in the form of suffocation (with an obstructive form). Treatment should be timely and adequate to avoid the development of complications. The use of Amoxicillin allows you to get rid of the above manifestations of the disease in the shortest possible time.

According to the instructions:

1. A small child receives Amoxicillin in the form of a suspension, and he must drink it 3 times a day. The dose is calculated depending on the weight of the small patient and is 20 mg per kilogram of the child's weight.
2. For children over two years old, Amoxicillin suspension is given 3 times a day, half a measuring spoon.
3. Starting from the age of 5, the dose of each of the methods is increased, bringing up to 1 scoop.

How many days you need to take the medicine, the attending physician will indicate, who is guided by the data obtained during the examination and during the examination.

Treatment of bronchitis in adults

Amoxicillin for the treatment of bronchitis in older patients is a drug available in various forms:

• composition in vials for injection;
• tablets;
• capsules.

Being essentially a derivative of Ampicillin, Amoxicillin is highly acid-resistant, and therefore adapted to oral administration. The most common form of release for adults is tablets. They are harmful to gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

The main rule of treatment with Amoxicillin is to take the drug in the dosage prescribed by the doctor. The daily dose of the active substance ranges from 500 mg to 5-6 g per day, depending on the severity of the course of the disease and the degree of its development.

In the treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis in adults, doctors prefer to prescribe to their patients not only Amoxicillin directly, but also its analogues:

The peculiarity of the treatment of bronchitis is that, first of all, it is necessary to achieve patency and removal of mucus from the respiratory organs, and for this it will be necessary to use expectorants.

According to many doctors, the use of Amoxicillin in the acute form of the disease should be abandoned. The use of its analogues is also not recommended.

Therapy with broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs, including Amoxicillin, is carried out in the chronic course of the disease and in the obstructive form.

The appointment of antibiotics is mandatory if the patient seeks medical help when chronic bronchitis becomes exacerbated.

When prescribing amoxicillin for bronchitis, doctors explain this maximum effect and minimum list of adverse reactions. The drug belongs to the group of semi-synthetic penicillins and is noted for its effectiveness in the treatment of infections of the ENT organs, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and the genitourinary system. The tool can be used in childhood.

What does Amoxicillin help with?

The main indications for the use of the drug are:

• Organ infection respiratory system: pneumonia, tonsillitis, bronchitis.
• Otitis.
• Diseases of the genitourinary system: pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, endometritis and gonorrhea.
• Gastrointestinal ailments: cholecystitis, enterocolitis, typhoid fever, peritonitis.
• Skin infections: erysipelas, impetigo.
• Dysentery.
• Salmonellosis.
• Meningitis of bacterial origin.
• Endocarditis.

How and how much to take

With bronchitis for adults and children older than 10 years and weighing more than 40 kg, the dosage of the drug is 500 mg three times a day. If the course of the disease is complicated, then how much to drink is determined by the doctor on an individual basis, but on average 750 or 1000 mg 3 times a day can be recommended.

Children from 5 to 10 years old in tablet form, the intake of 250 mg 3 times a day is indicated. If a suspension is taken, then 5 ml 3 times a day.

Children from 2 to 5 years old are given 125 mg or 2.5 ml 3 times a day. Infants are given the drug at the rate of 20 mg / kg of body weight three times a day.

Tablets are allowed to be taken at any time of the day, but better after meals. They can be drunk neat or dissolved in water.

How to prepare a suspension

The antibiotic is available in several forms: granules, tablets, suspensions. The latter type is intended for children under 10 years old. To properly prepare the suspension, you must:

• After opening the bottle, add boiled water cooled to room temperature. The liquid is poured in 2 stages. The primary volume should not exceed the mark on the vial.
• After that, the bottle is shaken until the suspension is completely dissolved.
• After adding the remaining water, mix again until a homogeneous mixture is formed.

It is necessary to keep the resulting drug in the refrigerator, but not freezing. The shelf life of the finished suspension is 14 days.

In what cases should you refrain from taking

• With individual intolerance.
• Suffering from allergic reactions.
• With dysbacteriosis.
• Those with pathological liver diseases.
• with infectious mononucleosis.
• With lymphocytic leukemia.
• Pregnant and lactating.
• Children under the age of 1 month.
• With impaired functionality of the kidneys and the hematopoietic system.

Side effects

Medications for bronchitis based on amoxicillin are usually well tolerated, however, cases of side effects have been recorded, which were expressed in:

• Allergic reaction by type of erythema, urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, angioedema. Less common was fever, increased eosinophils in the blood, pain localized in the articular structures. Isolated cases of anaphylactic shock have been recorded.
• Superinfections. Side effect occurred extremely rarely, usually when the dosage was exceeded and the time spaces between subsequent doses decreased.
• Digestive disorders: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, change in taste, stomatitis is sometimes observed.
• H euralgic disorders: depression, insomnia, headaches, dizziness, anxiety, overexcitation, convulsions.

Instructions and use of amoxicillin

The drug should be taken before or immediately after eating. The course of treatment is individual for each patient and can be 5-14 days.

Amoxicillin is not prescribed for aminoglycoside therapy. Ascorbic acid accelerates the absorption and excretion of the drug, while antacids, laxatives, aminoglycosides and glucosamine slow down this process.

When you receive bactericidal antibiotics, the effect of both components is enhanced. And bacteriostatic agents slow down the effectiveness of the antibiotic. When taking amoxicillin and estrogenic oral contraceptives, the effect of the latter weakens, which requires additional protection.

Patients are often interested in whether and how to apply Almag in bronchitis in conjunction with amoxicillin. This device helps in the treatment of ailments of the respiratory system and other diseases of the body. But it should be remembered that the maximum effect is achieved after the acute period subsides. The magnetic impulse improves microcirculation in the bronchi, eliminating excessive sputum formation. In a joint application, recovery occurs faster and with less consumption of medicines.

This drug is often combined with expectorants. in the treatment of the respiratory system. An example of such therapy is Ascoril for bronchitis in adults.

Pharmacological instruction

Amoxicillin is a broad-spectrum bactericidal antibacterial agent. It is a semi-synthetic acid-fast penicillin. The activity of the drug extends to gram-negative, gram-positive organisms and those bacteria that are sensitive to penicillin G.

The action of the drug begins 15-25 minutes after administration. Efficiency is observed for 7-8 hours.

How to apply for children

When prescribing the drug in children under 10 years old, it is better to choose the form of suspension. In childhood, taking the drug is indicated for infants who have reached 1 month. If it is necessary to treat newborns and premature babies, amoxicillin therapy is carried out in a hospital under the supervision of a doctor.

• SARS of bacterial origin.
• Otitis media in the acute phase.
• Tracheitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis.
• Intestinal infectious diseases.
• Gastritis, ulcer.

The appointment of dosages and duration of treatment in children is carried out on an individual basis.. Self-administration may harm the child or be ineffective in combination with other medicines. For example, biseptol for bronchitis in children in combination with amoxicillin will reduce the effect of the antibiotic.

Dosage of amoxicillin for various diseases in adults

In addition to treating bronchitis, the drug is effective in other pathologies, from which a single dose may increase.

In the acute course of uncomplicated gonorrhea, they drink 3 g of the substance once.

With septicemia and meningitis, the maximum dose per day is 6 g, it is divided into 3 doses. Acute infections of the biliary tract and gastrointestinal tract, such as typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever, are treated with 3 single doses of 1.5-2 g of the drug per day.

The same recommendations apply for gynecological problems..Prophylactic intake 1 hour before minor surgical procedures is 3-4 g once. Chronic pathologies, severe infections are treated with 750 mg of the drug 3 times a day.

Treatment for angina

Amoxicillin is used for lacunar or follicular form of angina. The effectiveness of the drug is due to the fact that this disease is usually a consequence staph infection. The microorganism is rather sensitive to antibiotics of this class. With angina, it is recommended to take an undiluted remedy after eating, so the active substance enters directly into the focus of the inflammatory process.

Can it be used during pregnancy?

Applicable antibiotics for bronchitis in adults rarely prescribed to women during the gestation period. Due to the lack of relevant data, the use of amoxicillin during pregnancy is indicated only when the benefit to the expectant mother outweighs the harm to the fetus.

During lactation, the drug is contraindicated, as it tends to penetrate into breast milk.

Other contraindications

The drug can not be combined with alcoholic beverages, it causes intoxication of the body and can provoke an allergic reaction, even death. After the end of the course, at least 7 days must pass before taking alcohol.

Amoxicillin is a semi-synthetic antibacterial drug of the penicillin series. According to some reports, Amoxicillin is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for the treatment of children.

The drug was synthesized by researchers English company Beecham back in 1960. After 12 years, during which the clinical trials of the new drug took place, Amoxicillin went on sale. It became the second semi-synthetic penicillin after ampicillin, developed in 1961.

Before continuing reading: If you are looking for effective method getting rid of a runny nose, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis or colds, then be sure to look into this section of the site after reading this article. This information has helped so many people, we hope it will help you too! So, now back to the article.

Today we can safely say that the achievements of Amoxicillin are enormous: after 42 years, the antibiotic is still used throughout the world. The World Health Organization has included the drug in the list of essential medicines that are needed in the health care system. Often, pediatricians prefer the old but true Amoxicillin. At the same time, the ranks of both disappointed doctors and patients who have not received the expected effect or, conversely, who have received an unexpected effect, are gradually increasing.

Let's try to figure out how justified the aspirations of those who wholeheartedly believe in the power of Amoxicillin. Is the drug safe, and most importantly, is it always effective?

Briefly about the main thing: the composition and pharmacological effect of Amoxicillin

The composition of Amoxicillin includes a single active ingredient: amoxicillin trihydrate, which is an analogue of ampicillin with a slightly modified formula.

The pharmacological effect of all penicillins is based on their ability to disrupt the synthesis of the cell wall of sensitive bacteria.

The spectrum of pharmacological activity of Amoxicillin is very wide. Microorganisms sensitive to the drug include:

• aerobic gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci;
• gram-negative pathogens of gonorrhea, coli, shigella, salmonella and klebsiella.

Penicillinase and Amoxicillin, or When an Antibiotic Fails

In descriptions and comments on penicillins, a not entirely clear term appears - penicillinase or beta-lactamase. Let's try to understand the intricacies of pharmacology and understand how this mysterious substance affects the effectiveness of the antibiotic.

Penicillins have been used for almost 80 years. During this time, some types of inventive pathogenic bacteria learned to fight for life by synthesizing penicillinase, a special enzyme from the beta-lactamase group. It is able to destroy antibiotics of the penicillin and cephalosporin series, which contain a beta-lactam ring in their structure. As a result, the drugs are completely inactivated, and the bacteria continue their vital activity.

Amoxicillin, like other penicillin antibiotics, is not active against microorganisms that secrete penicillinase. Insensitive bacteria include some strains of staphylococci, many gram-negative microorganisms.

Penicillinase and clavulanic acid: irreconcilable enemies

The ability of a wide range of microorganisms to calmly resist the action of amoxicillin was discovered during clinical trials. English pharmacists from Beecham, a developer, have begun an active search for an “antidote” for harmful penicillinases that nullify the effectiveness of antibiotics.

In the late 70s, a solution was found. Clavulanic acid and some of its compounds have been found to be able to prevent the destructive action of enzymes. These substances strongly bind penicillinases, forming a stable complex with them, and enable amoxicillin to work.

The complex with clavulanate is able to act on a much larger number of pathogenic microorganisms than a pure antibiotic. I would like to emphasize that the combination of amoxicillin with alavulanic acid is already a new drug that is produced under different trade names.

One of the most famous so-called protected amoxicillin drugs is Augmentin, which is produced by the Glaxo concern. By the way, this company is a follower of the famous Beecham, which developed both Amoxicillin and its complex with clavulanic acid.

All unprotected antibiotics containing one component remain vulnerable to the action of beta-lactamases. Therefore, I would like to once again warn against a rash decision to start self-treatment with antibiotics. Each group of antibacterial agents has its own characteristics, which are important to consider. And only a doctor can prescribe an antibiotic that will bring healing.

Such a different Amoxicillin: release forms

Amoxicillin refers to drugs that are available in a wide variety of doses and forms of release. Drug companies are trying to create their own, the most "convenient" drug.

So, let's try to figure out which Amoxicillin can be purchased at a pharmacy. Pharmaceutical enterprises have mastered the production of the following forms of a popular antibiotic:

• Amoxicillin children's suspension in dosages of 125 mg and 250 mg;
• Amoxicillin in tablets or capsules of 250 mg, 500 and 1000 mg;

I would like to note that amoxicillin, as, indeed, most antibiotics, are substances that, in a dissolved state, are not able to maintain chemical and physical properties. Therefore, the suspension is also available in the form of a powder or granules, which must be dissolved before administration.

Know-how: modern forms of release of Amoxicillin

Pharmaceutical company Astellas, which is famous for its development of new dosage forms, was the first to launch the most convenient dispersible form of Amoxicillin on the market.

Amoxicillin Solutab is available in the form of dispersible, that is, dissolving tablets of various dosages: from 125 mg to 1000 mg. The drug has at least two solid advantages: ease of administration and high bioavailability.

The dispersible form of Amoxicillin does not need to be washed down with water - it is enough to chew or dissolve a tablet in the mouth, which also has a pleasant taste. The children's form of release of 125 and 250 mg can be dissolved in half a glass of cool water.

However, the main advantage of the dispersible form is its bioavailability. More than 90% of the active substance is absorbed into the blood. For oral, i.e. tablet dosage form this figure is approaching a record. After all, in most cases, about 20-40% of the active substance of the drug is not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, but is destroyed. The bioavailability of dispersible Amoxicillin is comparable to injectable forms.

Antibiotics Ampicillin and Amoxicillin - twin brothers?

After reading and comparing the instructions for Ampicillin and Amoxicillin, a quite reasonable question arises: are these antibiotics different from each other? Is it possible to fully replace one drug with another, and will this affect the effectiveness of treatment? After all, both antibiotics have almost the same structure and belong to the same group of semi-synthetic penicillins.

Indeed, at first glance, they have little difference. Both the spectrum of action and the indications of the two drugs are almost the same. However, ampicillin has several significant shortcomings: rapidly excreted and poorly absorbed. Ampicillin will have to be taken twice as often as Amoxicillin - four times a day. But the most significant negative side of ampicillin is its low absorbability. About 60% of the active substance is excreted without reaching the destination.

Amoxicillin, which is absorbed by 80–95% depending on the form of release, has undeniable advantages over its predecessor.

It is worth noting that, unlike Amoxicillin, ampicillin has an injectable release form. In cases where required intramuscular injection antibiotics, ampicillin is used.

Particular attention should be paid to the fact that both drugs have cross-resistance. This very mysterious term means that the same strains of microorganisms are insensitive to amoxicillin and amcillin. If in the treatment of, for example, bronchitis, ampicillin did not help, you should not rely on the miraculous power of his "relative".

Peptic ulcer of the stomach - we treat with the help of Amoxicillin!

long time peptic ulcer stomach or duodenum was considered severe chronic disease. The same applies to dangerous atrophic gastritis, which can degenerate into an ulcer, including a malignant one.

In the 80s, it was found that in the vast majority of cases, erosive, ulcerative and atrophic lesions of the stomach and duodenum are caused. commonplace bacteria. A microorganism that, according to some sources, infects up to 90% of the world's population, can cause the most dangerous diseases stomach and intestines! The bacterium Helicobacter pylori often enters the body during childhood and persists without causing harm. However, in some cases - with an unfavorable combination of various factors - Helicobacter begins destructive work.

Already in the 90s, an optimal scheme of eradication therapy was found, which allows you to get rid of the bacterium in just two weeks. The composition of the combined treatment invariably includes Amoxicillin.

Several schemes have been developed that show equally good results. A combination of amoxicillin at a dose of 1000 mg with the antimicrobial metronidazole or another antibiotic, clarithromycin, is possible.

An important component of eradication therapy is the combination of Amoxicillin and other antibacterial agents with omeprazole. The latter is essential in order to provide a neutral environment in the stomach and duodenum. Omeprazole or other drugs from the group of inhibitors proton pump completely block the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. And this is extremely necessary - after all, the healing of the inflamed area in an aggressive acidic environment cannot occur!

Thus, the complex scheme, mysteriously called eradication therapy by gastroenterologists, includes Amoxicillin, the second antibacterial component and omeprazole or its analogue. Thanks to the achievements modern pharmaceuticals peptic ulcer is not a sentence, and the disease can be cured in a matter of days.

Some pharmaceutical companies have taken care of the convenience of gastroenterological patients and released drugs containing a complete complex for the treatment of ulcers in one package.

Indications for use - what helps Amoxicillin?

So, as is the case with all antibacterial agents, indications for taking antibiotics are associated with a spectrum of activity.

Among the indications for the use of Amoxicillin, bacterial infections of the respiratory tract are in the lead - bronchitis and pneumonia.

In addition, indications for the appointment are various inflammatory diseases ENT organs. Otitis media, sinusitis (article "Antibiotics for sinusitis"), sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis successfully respond to Amoxicillin therapy. Separately, I would like to emphasize the effectiveness of the drug in angina caused by group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus.

Amoxicillin for the treatment of urinary tract infections

In the instructions for use for Amoxicillin, the list of indications contains infections of the genitourinary system: urethritis, cervicitis, as well as inflammation of the bladder, kidneys and other diseases. Most pathologies of the genitourinary tract are caused by gram-negative bacteria, many of which produce penicillinase. This means that in a significant number of cases the remedy under consideration will be ineffective.

I would like to note that fluoroquinolone antibiotics are considered the gold standard for the treatment of diseases of the genitourinary tract. Amoxicillin and other penicillins are rarely used for this purpose. However, fluoroquinolones are absolutely contraindicated for use in children, pregnant women and breastfeeding women. In such cases, it is possible to prescribe penicillin antibiotics. However, it is better to give preference to protected penicillins in order to cover bacterial strains that produce penicillinase.

Therefore, despite a clear indication in the instructions of a solid list of urological and gynecological diseases in which Amoxicillin is effective, it is still better to prefer another drug to him.

I would like to once again warn each patient against the desire to prescribe an antibiotic on their own, based on their everyday experience. As medical practice shows, such self-confidence too often leads to trouble.

Stop antibiotic, or when amoxicillin is not used

One of the serious problems of domestic medicine is the lack of proper control over the vacation prescription drugs. Until now, in most pharmacies you can buy a lot of drugs without a prescription.

Often, a patient buys an antibiotic “from memory”, having already been treated once and having received a positive effect. Sometimes the advice of completely strangers is pushed to buy. It is noteworthy that in about 70% of cases, unauthorized use of antibiotics is not justified.

Among cases of unreasonable appointment of Amoxicillin, a special place is occupied by viral infections. After all, antibiotics have absolutely no effect on the virus. Meanwhile, most seasonal diseases are not related to bacteria.

What pathologies are initially of viral origin? This, of course, is primarily influenza and SARS (acute respiratory viral infection). In addition, most pharyngitis, rhinitis, tracheitis and bronchitis are also caused by various viruses. That is why so often we do not see the effect after taking antibiotics for these diseases.

So, Amoxicillin, like any other antibacterial drug, is not used for viral infection. It can be very difficult for a mere mortal who has nothing to do with medicine to distinguish a disease caused by bacteria and viruses. It is regrettable to state that even a doctor sometimes does not differentiate these pathogens. As a result, the number of unjustified use of antibiotics is growing, and with it, more and more strains of resistant bacteria are emerging.

Taking Amoxicillin for a cold: a mistake?

I would like to devote a separate chapter to an unfading topic - taking antibacterial agents for colds. Surprisingly, it is a fact: during the cold season, many patients storm pharmacies demanding to “sell an antibiotic”. Often, the timid attempts of pharmacists to resist the onslaught of persistent citizens and explain the regimen for the treatment of colds will not be successful. People stubbornly use antibiotics, including Amoxicillin, for colds! And for some reason they see the effect. Let's try to figure out what's going on.

Many patients believe that the culprit of a cold is a cold wind, a draft, or wet feet. Most do not even suspect: a cold is the same viral disease as SARS. An unfavorable factor provoked a decrease in immunity, and the infection easily overcame the protective barrier. Why do many patients observe the effect of the drug and state the "healing" of a cold after a course of Amoxicillin?

Everything is very simple. In the vast majority of cases, the respiratory virus in our body is waiting for imminent death. In immunocompetent patients, the symptoms of SARS disappear on their own within one week. Looking ahead, let's say that the minimum course of treatment with Amoxicillin is five days. It is not surprising that at the end of antibiotic treatment for colds, many patients report healing. And it is true. With one caveat: Amoxicillin has nothing to do with recovering from a cold. The body itself coped with the disease.

So, taking Amoxicillin for a cold is an option for an absolutely unreasonable prescription of antibiotics.

SARS and colds: keep your finger on the pulse

At healthy people colds and ARVI are temporary and transient phenomena. We emphasize: in healthy people. In some cases, the disease can proceed for a long time, with complications. That's when taking Amoxicillin will be not only justified, but also necessary.

Patients at risk, in whom with a certain degree of probability it is possible to predict the complication of ARVI, are young children and the elderly. The immune system in the first case, it still can’t cope, and in the second, it can no longer cope with the onslaught of viruses. Bacterial infection joins SARS, and the timely prescription of antibiotics is the key to successful treatment.

It is with frequent cases of coinfection (simultaneous infection) with viruses and bacteria that the widespread pediatric practice prescribing antibacterial agents. Sometimes pediatrician prefers to just play it safe by prescribing Amoxicillin for a cold to a frequently ill child. After all, the moment of transition of a non-dangerous viral infection to serious illness an inexperienced mother may miss. In this case, there is a risk that the child will continue to be soldered with warm tea with developing pneumonia.

However, even concern for the health of the patient is difficult to justify the unreasonable prescription of an antibiotic. Therefore, it is so important to find a qualified doctor and trust him. After all, timely and correctly prescribed Amoxicillin is the way to health. And an antibacterial drug unnecessarily taken during the week, on the contrary, can lead to adverse events.

Amoxicillin: standard dosage

Like any antibacterial drug, Amoxicillin is dosed individually in each case. Both the dose and the time of treatment depend on many factors: the age, weight of the patient, the severity of the disease, and medical history.

Dose for children under two years of age.

The instructions for use of Amoxicillin describe the standard recommended dosages. They are calculated per kilogram of weight depending on age. So, children under two years of age are recommended to take 20 mg of Amoxicillin per kilogram of body weight during the day. Let's translate these calculations into a language accessible to universal understanding. The average weight of a child at this age rarely exceeds 15 kg. Therefore, 250–300 mg of the antibiotic is sufficient per day. It is most convenient to dose the children's suspension of Amoxicillin at a dose of 125 mg: the daily dose is approximately 10 milliliters.

However, it is better to provide an opportunity to calculate the dose of an antibiotic to an intelligent pediatrician, and not to feed your child with extra milligrams of not the most useful substance.

Dose for children from two years to five years.

For this age group, it is much easier to calculate the dose - the recommended dosage is 125 mg twice a day. The formulation of Amoxicillin, which contains 125 mg of the active ingredient in 5 ml of suspension for children, is an ideal choice.

Dose for children from 5 to 10 years.

The standard dosage of the drug, which is recommended for children from 10 years of age and adults, depends on the severity of the pathology and varies from 250 mg to 1000 mg per dose. Multiplicity of application - twice a day.

Treatment rules: how to take Amoxicillin

A correctly selected antibiotic is not a guarantee of successful treatment. In many ways, the effectiveness of therapy depends, oddly enough, on the patient himself. So, let's try to figure out how to safely and correctly take Amoxicillin.

• The minimum course of treatment with Amoxicillin should be five days.

A big mistake some patients make is to stop using Amoxicillin immediately after a few days of treatment.

Some patients, after two or three days of treatment, come to a hasty conclusion about recovery, and decide to stop taking Amoxicillin. After all, if the antibiotic is prescribed correctly, the first results may appear within a day or even less after the start of therapy. Meanwhile, only after five days or more to be sure of a complete victory over bacteria. In this case, the doctor must choose the exact course of treatment.

The duration of treatment with antibacterial drugs is from five days to two weeks or even more. How much exactly time to take Amoxicillin, the doctor should decide.

• Amoxicillin should be taken twice a day, preferably at regular intervals.

During antibiotic treatment, you should not skip the next dose, because the effectiveness of the drug in this case is sharply reduced. The concentration of the drug in the blood falls, and the bacteria that have already begun to succumb to the action of Amoxicillin continue to multiply again. And now - at a double speed, ready for the next dose of the drug already familiar to them.

• Amoxicillin should be taken after meals.

The tolerance of the drug depends on compliance with this rule. Taking the drug on an empty stomach causes irritation of the walls of the stomach. Therefore, it is in the interests of the patient not to rush and take the remedy in the morning after breakfast, and in the evening after dinner.

Amoxicillin for children: preparation features

Most antibiotics have one common physical and chemical property - instability in dissolved form. That is why oral children's forms of Amoxicillin are produced in the form of granules, from which a suspension is prepared immediately before use.

Some parents, having bought a drug for a child, are trying to figure out for a long time and painfully what to do with this powder in a vial. Let's figure out together how to properly prepare the medicine.

So, in the instructions for use of children's Amoxicillin, it is clearly indicated that the contents of the vial should be dissolved in water. After a cursory reading, the first questions appear. What should the water temperature be? How much is needed?

To prepare a children's suspension of Amoxicillin, you will need cool boiled or purified water. Ideally, the drug is prepared in two steps. As a rule, on the vial itself there is a label (transverse risk), which shows the required level of solvent. Some manufacturers place a risk on the label. First, a small amount of water is poured into the vial (two times less than necessary) and shaken vigorously, trying to distribute Amoxicillin trihydrate as much as possible. After that, the solvent is added to the mark, the vial is shaken again and the medicine is ready.

Remember that a properly prepared suspension of Amoxicillin for children is the key to correct dosing, so approach this process responsibly.

Store the finished suspension of Amoxicillin in a cool place, preferably in the refrigerator. At the end of the course of treatment, the remnants of the medicine must be disposed of. The shelf life of the dissolved drug does not exceed three weeks.

And the last. It is very important to shake the vial well before each use of the Amoxicillin suspension. This is necessary for the uniform distribution of the undissolved active substance in the water.

Contraindications for use

There are few contraindications to the use of Amoxicillin tablets or suspension. Among them, the most significant are:

• hypersensitivity to penicillin antibiotics.

Many patients, having read this phrase in the instructions for Amoxicillin, immediately find all the signs of hypersensitivity in themselves. In fact, an individual reaction is extremely rare: the probability of its development is less than 1%.

Wherein viral disease, the manifestations of which are initially similar to the symptoms of a sore throat, Amoxicillin (including protected by clavulanic acid) is contraindicated due to an increased risk of developing a skin rash. Distinguishing infectious mononucleosis and bacterial pharyngitis is another important task of the doctor, whose help should not be neglected with symptoms of sore throat.

Amoxicillin during pregnancy: risks and benefits

Amoxicillin belongs to the category of drugs that can be used conditionally during pregnancy. In medicine, these drugs are combined into group B. This means that the use of Amoxicillin, including its protected forms, during pregnancy is possible in situations where the benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the child.

This wording looks frightening at first glance, but it is explained quite simply. So far, large clinical trials of the effect of Amoxicillin on the course of pregnancy and the vital activity of the fetus have not been conducted. However, the drug long time successfully used in infectious diseases of pregnant women. Cases have been recorded when a protected Amoxicillin complex (Augmentin, Amoxiclav or other generics) was used for 20 or more weeks of pregnancy without causing side effects.

Nursing women should take into account that Amoxicillin passes into breast milk, and, therefore, the child will receive a dose of antibiotic.

Amoxicillin side effects - what to watch out for

Amoxicillin is one of the drugs that is generally very well tolerated. In the average sample, the probability of developing adverse events associated with taking the drug is less than 5%.

The most common adverse reactions include dermatological manifestations that are caused by an allergic reaction to an antibiotic. Patients prone to allergies during treatment with Amoxillin may notice the appearance of urticaria, allergic rhinitis, and rarely angioedema. Over the entire period of use of the drug, only a few cases of severe reactions in the form of anaphylactic shock were registered.

Side effects from the gastrointestinal tract - the organs of the gastrointestinal tract - are most often recorded during treatment with complex antiulcer drugs in combination with metronidazole. Among the most pronounced events: nausea, pain in the epigastric region, constipation or diarrhea, loss of appetite.

Atypical side effects that are very rare are dizziness, headache, changes in the blood picture.

Choosing a drug: Amoxicillin analogues

There are a lot of drugs containing Amoxicillin. There are so many that it is very difficult to list all generics registered in Russia.

Among the very high quality drugs containing Amoxicillin are Flemoxin or Flemoxin solutab, Slovak Hikoncil, Ospamox and many other European remedies. More affordable Russian drugs also look quite worthy.

Nevertheless, it is better to leave the choice of an analogue of Amoxicillin to a doctor or pharmacist.

Amoxicillin is a semi-synthetic penicillin with a wide spectrum of action.

The drug is indicated for the treatment of infections of bacterial origin, and has effective action when eliminating the following diseases:

1. Pneumonia and bronchitis;
2. Sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, acute otitis media;
3. Pyelonephritis, pyelitis, cystitis, urethritis, gonorrhea, endometritis, cervicitis;
4. Peritonitis, cholecystitis and cholangitis;
5. Erysipelas, impetigo, infected dermatoses;
6. Leptospirosis, listeriosis, Lyme disease;
7. Dysentery, salmonellosis;
8. Meningitis, endocarditis, sepsis;
9. Gastritis, stomach ulcers.

How does the drug work?

AT modern medicine Amoxicillin 500 mg is used.

This substance is resistant and able to maintain its medicinal properties when interacting with gastric juice.

Active the substance inhibits growth and prevents the reproduction of bacteria by destroying their cellular structure.

This leads to rapid death.

This allows the human body to get rid of pathogens in a short period.

It should be noted that during the period of rapid death of bacteria, increased intoxication of the body occurs, therefore, before you start taking amoxicillin, you need to use antihistamines and increase the amount of drinking.

Instructions for use of the drug in tablets

Adults and children over ten years of age are prescribed one tablet of amoxicillin 500 three times a day, or two tablets of 250 mg.

For children aged five to ten years, the dosage of the drug is 250 mg in the morning, afternoon and evening.

Children under two years of age should calculate the dose individually. The proportion is 20 milligrams medicines per kilogram of the baby's weight.

A course of treatment the drug is ten days.

Tablets should be taken after meals, while alkaline water is used to wash them down. mineral water or milk in sufficient quantities.

If the patient is diagnosed with acute gonorrhea, then the treatment with amoxicillin is one-time. One dose is six tablets of 0.5 g. Acute intestinal infections involve taking the drug in the amount of four tablets three times a day. The course of treatment is five days.

How to use amoxicillin suspension?

Because little child it is difficult to swallow a tablet, then use a suspension of amoxicillin.

It is designed for children under five years of age. In this case, it is necessary to drink the drug with water in large quantities.

Amoxicillin can be used by newborns.

Without fail, thirty minutes before taking the suspension, give the child one of antihistamines. Which one is suitable for the baby will tell the specialist.

Can antibiotics be used during pregnancy?

Treatment with amoxicillin during pregnancy should be carried out only if constant monitoring of the attending physician is possible.

This is due to the fact that the use of the drug can cause hidden bleeding. The medicine does not affect the development of the fetus.

You should be aware that during breastfeeding a small amount of antibiotic can pass into mother's milk, therefore, lactating women should take this factor into account, since in some cases the development of dysbacteriosis in infants was observed.

What are the contraindications of the drug?

Amoxicillin is powerless if taken to treat a viral disease.

If a person has influenza or SARS, the use of the drug will be effective if there is a complication, the nature of which is bacterial in nature, which is established by a specialist.

Do not use amoxicillin in the following cases:

• If the patient is sensitive to an antibiotic of this group;
• With bronchial asthma;
• With ulcerative colitis;
• When a woman is breastfeeding;
• If a person has an allergic skin reaction;
• If the child has diathesis;
• With liver failure.

Elderly people, or those with a weakened state of health, should take the drug carefully. This applies to all types of antibiotics. At the beginning of treatment, the dosage should be halved. Be sure to use antihistamines.

Side effects

The main side effects that the use of amoxicillin can cause are allergic reactions and disruption of the gastrointestinal tract.

Allergy symptoms are characterized skin rashes, difficulty breathing, may on the face and limbs puffiness appears.

With disorders in the gastrointestinal tract, diarrhea may occur, pain in the abdomen, bouts of nausea and lack of appetite.

In the event of any side effect, the drug should no longer be taken, and consultation with a specialist is desirable. Cautious use of amoxicillin is recommended in the treatment of angina.

Alcohol consumption during treatment with amoxicillin

The combination of amoxicillin and alcoholic beverages can result in a severe allergic reaction. In some cases, this can lead to coma and even death.

This is due to the fact that when the drug is combined with alcohol, the liver is paralyzed. If alcohol has been taken, it is necessary to call a doctor.

After course of treatment with amoxicillin ends, you should refrain from drinking alcohol for a week.

Doctors' advice on the use of antibiotics

Amoxicillin is prescribed for people suffering from respiratory infections including cough. It treats bacterial infections chest, urinary tract or ears, and dental abscesses. But researchers at the University of Southampton say amoxicillin does more harm than good in treating infections. Its use causes serious side effects such as diarrhea, rash, and vomiting. In addition, resistance to antibiotics is also developed.

Most infections that cause coughing are not caused by bacteria, but by viruses, so the use of antibiotics in their treatment is in itself useless. However, many doctors still prescribe amoxicillin to patients with coughs, and the medical community is still debating the effectiveness of this kind of drug in fighting respiratory infections.

The researchers monitored the health of an adult resident of 12 European countries. All of them randomly received either amoxicillin or placebo for cough treatment three times a week. The result showed that there was no difference between the use of the real drug and the pacifier, even among elderly patients over 60.

Symptoms and first aid for an overdose of amoxicillin

With the help of antibiotics, you can quickly cure the flu or cold. However, if they are abused, intoxication of the body can occur. An overdose of amoxicillin is equally dangerous for both children and adults. At long-term use the drug develops an allergic reaction, anaphylactic shock may occur. Therefore, you need to be more careful about the use of antibiotics.

Description of amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is a medicine that has an antibacterial and bactericidal effect on the body. Available in the form of a suspension and capsules. Amoxicillin solution is rapidly absorbed into the blood, so the patient's condition improves in about an hour. But the action of the capsules begins later, after 1.5-2 hours.

The drug is prescribed for respiratory tract infections, ENT diseases, inflammation of the genitourinary system, skin lesions, gastrointestinal infections. Amoxicillin is contraindicated in people with hypersensitivity, bronchitis, renal failure, and infectious mononucleosis. Use during pregnancy and lactation with caution, only in cases where the benefit to the mother outweighs the risk to the fetus and infant.

Dosage and method of use

The medicine is taken orally. The dose of the drug is prescribed by the doctor, which depends on individual characteristics patient as well as disease. Children under two years of age are allowed to give only a suspension. When kidney failure You can drink the medicine no more than once every 12 hours. The duration of treatment is also set by the doctor, although the period of drug use should not exceed 12 days.

General symptoms of an overdose

Amoxicillin poisoning causes the following symptoms:

• General signs of intoxication. These are nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, which are accompanied by weakness of the body, severe headaches.
• If the patient has renal insufficiency, but an overdose of amoxicillin causes hyperkalemia.
• Drug poisoning is especially dangerous for children under 5 years of age. In this case, babies develop nausea, profuse vomiting, and stomach pain. With prolonged use of amoxicillin, an allergic reaction or Quincke's edema appears.
• Appetite decreases, taste is disturbed. Less commonly, 5-10 hours after poisoning, the patient develops acute heart failure.

In no case should you drink expired drugs. Their poisoning can cause even more serious symptoms, up to dysfunction of the liver, kidneys and other internal organs.

The body's response to an overdose

As a result of poisoning the body with amoxicillin, unwanted reactions may appear. They are divided into several groups, and each reaction is accompanied by its own characteristics:

1. toxic reaction. The symptoms are the same as any food poisoning. There is nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Treatment should begin as soon as possible so that dehydration does not occur.
2. Liver damage. In this case, as a result of the death of liver cells, the patient develops jaundice. If the patient had problems with the liver before an overdose of amoxicillin, liver failure appears, which in most cases causes death.
3. Violation of hematopoiesis. Anemia develops in a patient as a result of an overdose of an antibiotic.
4. Allergy. The most dangerous for a person is anaphylactic shock. Moreover, such a reaction can come at lightning speed, and death will happen in just a few seconds, minutes. That is why the use of amoxicillin and any other antibiotic should be strictly prescribed by a doctor. In addition, allergies are accompanied by other symptoms: shortness of breath, increased or decreased pressure, vomiting, redness on the skin, fainting. In some cases, the epidermis becomes lead-gray. If you have any signs of an allergy, you should stop drinking amoxicillin.
5. Impaired kidney function. As a result of prolonged use of antibiotics, drug particles accumulate in the kidneys, so the percentage of protein and red blood cells in the urine increases. If you do not stop taking the drug, uremia develops.

In addition, antibiotic poisoning leads to neurological complications. The auditory nerve is affected, deafness appears. In rare cases, an overdose of amoxicillin can lead to deformity of the optic nerves.

Child poisoning

Treatment of colds in children should be carried out without the use of antibiotics. Their weak immunity is further weakened by the disease, so taking the medicine, even in acceptable doses, can cause unpleasant consequences. The baby's intestinal microflora is disturbed, appetite decreases. And as a result of an overdose, severe intoxication is observed. Therefore, it is better to treat children with more gentle means.

Amoxicillin can be given to a child only after a doctor's prescription. You can not buy the drug on the advice of friends or pharmacists. Indeed, in some cases, the consequences of antibiotic poisoning in children are so serious that the child will remain disabled for life.

First aid

In case of poisoning with amoxicillin, first aid should be carried out immediately after the onset of symptoms of intoxication. It includes a number of activities listed below:

• Stimulate vomiting. To do this, wash the fingers in boiled water and put them in the mouth, pressing on the root of the tongue.
• Rinse the stomach. A few crystals of potassium permanganate are added to a liter of water so that the solution gets a slightly pinkish tint. You need to drink the solution until vomiting begins. Moreover, it is necessary to wash the stomach before the vomiting becomes clear and does not contain food particles.
• Drink a sorbent, for example, Activated carbon. To do this, crush and dissolve 4-5 tablets in a glass of warm water, then drink the finished suspension.

Urgent need to call ambulance. Until the doctor arrives, you should drink as much liquid as possible. Further treatment is prescribed by a specialist.

Therapy

In order to prevent the absorption of amoxicillin into the blood, the doctor prescribes sorbents and laxatives. Since the antibiotic dissolves in water, the patient is shown to drink plenty of fluids. enveloping agents containing fats. This is milk, jelly, jelly.

Forced diuresis is performed. Through a dropper, solutions are injected into the patient's blood to improve its rheological properties, and then diuretics. This flushes out harmful toxins from the blood. Forced diuresis is contraindicated in renal failure, as well as disorders of the heart.

If you start timely treatment, the consequences of an overdose of drugs will not appear. In rare cases, disorders of the kidneys and liver develop. When defeated auditory nerves after treatment of an overdose, deafness disappears.

Thus, an overdose of amoxicillin can be very dangerous for the body. Therefore, you can drink the medicine only after a doctor's prescription. If symptoms of poisoning appear, treatment is carried out under the supervision of a specialist.

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Antibiotic Amoxicillin - review

More harm than good. Be careful with this drug.

Good day to all, dear readers!

I took the antibiotic Amoxicillin about a year ago when I got sick with bronchitis. I didn’t go to the hospital, but on the advice of a doctor friend with whom I talked on the phone, I was treated with the antibiotic Amoxicillin.

Amoxicillin in a pharmacy is very cheap, about 30 rubles. This is an old generation antibiotic. hence the price. Modern funds reach up to 1000 rubles.

The package contains 10 tablets. It is used for sore throat, bronchitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis and other acute inflammatory diseases.

After about five days, I realized that I was not getting better. Moreover, I was constantly haunted by a feeling of nausea, pain in the stomach, general weakness of the body, apathy. Looking at the annotation in the "side effects" section, I read that such phenomena are possible. There was no positive effect at all. I immediately stopped using the drug. I finally went to the doctor. I was prescribed drugs that improved my health and told me not to experiment with drugs anymore.

I do not exclude that this is an individual reaction of the body and this antibiotic helps someone. But I do not advise you to risk your health and take it without consulting a doctor. Side effects can be very strong.

The only plus is the low price. But when it comes to health, you will give any money, if only it helps.

The antibiotic Amoxicillin did not work for me.

Warning about possible side effects. And I still recommend taking drugs that are more modern and less dangerous to health.

I wish everyone good health! Take care of yourself and your loved ones!

Thank you for your feedback!

True, I always bought only in capsules and it is called amoxycycline hydrochlorite.

AminoTads, I appreciate your opinion. But at that time there was no way to go to the doctor at all. She worked until 8 o'clock in the evening, they did not let her go on sick leave. Probably a familiar situation to many. And if the drug has side effects, then it is clearly not worthy of high praise and people need to be told about it.

Medical view of antibiotic

I was very surprised a lot negative reviews about this drug, based mainly on side effects from the instructions. Yes, and many are afraid to use antibiotics, considering it as a last resort, after herbs, roots and lotions.

A day or two and no sore throat! For pennies!

Ladies and gentlemen, this review is mine only. personal experience rather than a guide to action. If you have time and opportunity - visit a doctor! Once, having become seriously ill with a sore throat, it acquired a chronic one. A familiar story, isn't it. Now I have a sore throat from time to time.

Has never let me down yet.

My son often gets sick and sometimes you just can’t do without an antibiotic, especially if the disease is as serious as bronchitis or tonsillitis. Previously, our pediatrician was young and prescribed very expensive antibiotics, which, moreover, did not always cope with their task.

Allergy to amoxicillin

after examination for FGDS, erosion of the esophagus was found. the doctor prescribed treatment: antibiotics clarithromycin + amoxicillin + nolpaza, take a week. on the fifth day of taking the medicine, I suddenly had a terrible headache and in the evening the temperature rose to 38, knocked down with paracetamol, went to bed, the next morning ...

Side effects of amoxicillin

Researchers have found that the use of amoxicillin and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid can lead to symptoms such as diarrhea and candidiasis, also known as thrush. Not only that, but it is also possible that these adverse effects remain underreported, which may lead to more prescribing of these drugs.

Amoxicillin is a widely used antibiotic that belongs to the group of penicillin drugs. It is the most commonly prescribed drug for respiratory infections such as bronchitis. It is often used in combination with clavulanic acid.

However, the benefit derived from the use of antibiotics in the treatment of respiratory infections may not be significant. Given the growing concern about the spread of antibiotic resistance, it is important that doctors prescribe these drugs only after carefully weighing the advantages and disadvantages of their use.

“The main cause of antibiotic resistance is the overuse of these drugs, so they should not be given unless the benefit outweighs possible harm”, says co-author of the study, Dr. Christopher Delmare.

In their study, published in the Journal of the Canadian Medical Association, the researchers reviewed a number of other controlled studies to assess the potential harms of amoxicillin use, in order to further increase physicians' awareness of the risks and benefits associated with this antibiotic. “One way to reduce antibiotic prescribing in primary care is to explain to patients how little these drugs help with many common infections, and to use the help of a collaborative decision-making process during consultation,” the authors write.

What are the side effects of using amoxicillin?

A total of 45 studies were included in the review. Of these, 27 were devoted to the study of amoxicillin, 17 to the study of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, and one to the study of both drugs. A total of human subjects were involved in these studies. Of these, 4280 participants received amoxicillin, 1005 received amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, and 5234 received placebo.

Antibiotics were prescribed as part of these studies in a number of situations:

• Primary health care– 33% (15 studies)
• Dental care - 20% (9 studies)
• Treatment - 56% (25 studies)
• Prevention - 20% (20 studies)

In the process of conducting their systemic review, the scientists found that among the participants who received amoxicillin, there were almost twice more cases diarrhea than among placebo-treated participants.

And among the participants who received amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, diarrhea was observed more than three times more often. A relationship has also been identified between the use of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and candidiasis. However, the number of reported cases of these adverse effects was less than expected by the authors, given the results of the analysis of data based on individual clinical cases or obtained by observation. Previously, these sources described rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances as common side effects.

Adverse effects were found to be under-reported, leading the researchers to conclude that their actual incidence may be higher. Only 25 of the studies studied included information about the dangers of antibiotics, "in connection with which we assumed that the authors simply did not collect such information, and if they did, they did not publish it," the scientists write.

“Underreporting of adverse effects in research remains widespread,” they continue, “and until this issue is addressed, it will influence system reviews and other evidence-based work, such as guidelines.” “An important consequence of insufficient exposure to the harm caused by amoxicillin is the distortion of the balance of benefits and adverse effects from its use,” adds Dr. Delmare.

A limitation of the review, acknowledged by the authors, is that all of the studies reviewed assessed as a primary outcome the actual efficacy rather than the harm of the drugs. The authors say they hope that as further research is conducted, a better assessment of the adverse effects of amoxicillin will become available.

Despite this limited review, the scientists believe that their findings may be useful to clinicians considering potential harm the use of common antibiotics and their lack of effectiveness in the treatment of respiratory infections. The results of the review may be particularly useful to physicians who feel compelled to prescribe antibiotics in the face of pressure from patients.

In his commentary, Dr. Jon Lok of Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, UK, argues that both clinicians and patients need to be wary of a lack of information regarding the potential adverse effects of amoxicillin: “Amoxicillin has been widely used for decades, and there is a lack of data on its side effects. in so many studies seems outrageous. In the case of this drug, clinicians and patients should not interpret “no evidence of harm” as evidence of no harm.”

Medical News Today recently reported the results of a 20-year study showing that antibiotics fail to cure infection in one in 10 cases. This indicates an increase in the number of examples of ineffectiveness of these drugs.

Instructions for use of amoxicillin in tablets for adults and children + reviews

Amoxicillin is a semi-synthetic penicillin with a bactericidal mechanism of activity. According to statistics, this is the most "purchased" tableted antibiotic. In terms of sales, only azithromycin preparations can compete with it. What is the reason for such popularity of the remedy among doctors and ordinary consumers?

Amoxicillin - instructions for use of 500 mg tablets for adults

How to take amoxicillin according to the official instructions? Despite the fact that the bioavailability of the drug does not depend on food intake, in order to reduce the likelihood of developing dyspeptic disorders from the gastrointestinal tract, it is recommended to use Table. before meals or at the beginning of a meal. Tablets must not be chewed, crushed or broken (with the exception of Flemoxin Solutab). The antibiotic is washed down with a glass of non-carbonated, boiled water. Do not use juices, milk, tea or carbonated drinks.

Tab. Flemoxin can be chewed, dissolved in water to the consistency of syrup (20-30 milliliters of water) or suspension (from 100 milliliters). As in the previous case, only non-carbonated, boiled water is used.

The course of taking the drug is from seven to 14 days.

The duration of treatment is determined by:

• the severity of the disease;
• speed of positive dynamics;
• the sensitivity of the pathogen;
• localization of the infectious and inflammatory process;
• the presence of background (aggravating) pathologies.

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic or not?

It is an improved modification of ampicillin. Unlike its predecessor, amoxicillin is acid-resistant and highly absorbable when taken orally. Its bioavailability index does not depend on food intake.

The drug is able to be completely absorbed in the intestine in a short period of time and create a high, stable concentration in the blood. However, its concentration in the lower gastrointestinal tract is quite low, so the drug is not prescribed for the treatment of intestinal infections.

As well as ampicillin, it is completely destroyed by bacterial enzymes (beta-lactamases), therefore it is not prescribed for the treatment of infections caused by beta-lactamase-producing strains.

Amoxicillin - release form and composition

The active substance is amoxicillin.

1. The soluble form of Flemoxin Solutab, produced by the Dutch pharmaceutical company Astellas, has a release form in Table. with an antibiotic content of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 milligrams. Price 230, 280, 360, 480 rubles. per pack of 20 tablets respectively.

Photo Flemoxin Solutab 1000 mg

Additionally contains microcrystalline and dispersible cellulose, flavors and sweeteners.

1. Amoxicillin of the Serbian company Hemofarm in the format of granules for the manufacture of oral suspension, a dosage of 250 milligrams in five milliliters (100 ml bottle) will cost the Russian buyer 120 rubles.

Photo Amoxicillin in suspension

Additionally, the composition of the drug includes thickeners, sweeteners, flavorings.

1. Capsules of amoxicillin 250 mg and 500 mg contain 250 and 500 milligrams of amoxicillin trihydrate, respectively. Produced by the Serbian company Hemofarm (about 70 rubles per pack of 16 tablets),
2. Amoxicillin 250 and 500 mg tablets contain 250 and 500 milligrams of amoxicillin trihydrate, respectively.

Photo Amoxicillin tablets

As additional components, the content of potato starch, lactulose, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, talc, polysorbate-80 and magnesium stearate is indicated.

Produced by Russian companies Biochemist Saransk and AVVA RUS (packing of five hundred milligrams - 70 rubles),

Tablets of 250 milligrams produced by Synthesis AKOMP ( tradename Amosin) will cost the buyer 40 rubles.

1. Powder for the manufacture of a suspension for oral use (Amosin 250 mg in 3 grams. The package contains 10 sachets) and costs about 50 rubles. One sachet contains 250 milligrams of amoxicillin trihydrate.

Amoxicillin prescription in Latin (solutab form - Flemoxini Solutabi)

Rep: Tab. Amoxicillini 1.0

S: 1 tab. 3 r/d

What helps amoxicillin?

The antibacterial action of a bactericidal nature is due to the ability of an antibiotic to disrupt the processes of synthesizing the supporting polymers of pathogen cell membranes at the time of their division, leading to the lysis of bacteria.

The drug is effective in staphylococcal (excluding beta-lactamazo-producing types) and streptococcal infections. It also acts on gono- and meningococci, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Haemophilus influenzae, Helicobacter pylori (prescribed in combination with metronidazole), etc. Moderately active against chlamydia.

It is not used against beta-lactamase-producing strains, rickettsia, mycoplasma, morganella, serrations, sweating, enterobacter and viruses. Also not active against ampicillin-resistant bacteria.

What is amoxicillin with clavulanic acid used for?

Given the ability of some microorganisms to produce enzymes that inactivate the action of the antibiotic, the drug is enhanced with a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Clavulanic acid is able to form stable compounds with bacterial enzymes, preventing the inactivation and destruction of the antibiotic. The use of amoxicillin in combination with clavulanic acid contributes to the expansion of the spectrum of antimicrobial action due to the effectiveness combined drugs against beta-lactamase-producing bacterial strains.

Amoxicillin - indications for use

The drug well overcomes the histohematic barrier and creates therapeutic concentrations in organs and tissues. Like other antibiotics from the penicillin group, it does not overcome the unchanged blood-brain barrier.

The antibiotic is effective if the inflammatory process involves:

• upper and lower respiratory tract;
• urinary system;
• skin and pancreas;

It can also be used to treat uncomplicated forms of gonorrhea, leptospirosis, salmonella carriers, meningitis, Lyme disease, endocarditis and as part of complex therapy helicobacter pylori.

The scope of amoxicillin is due to the fact that it accumulates:

• peritoneal fluid;
• urine;
• skin, contents of blisters and subcutaneous fat;
• pleural effusion;
• lung tissue;
• mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract;
• tissues and mucous membranes of the female genital organs;
• middle ear fluid;
• gallbladder tissue and bile;
• fetal tissue (this is due to the fact that wed-in is able to overcome the placental barrier).

In severe infections, it is preferable to use amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, in tablet or injectable form (amoxicillin in ampoules). It is possible to use stepwise therapy (transition from parenteral to oral administration).

Amoxicillin - contraindications

An antibiotic is not prescribed in cases of: individual intolerance to penicillins, infectious mononucleosis, lymphocytic leukemia.

The drug should be used with caution if the patient has allergic conditions. various genesis, bronchial asthma, pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, renal and hepatic insufficiency, during pregnancy and lactation. Amoxicillin during breastfeeding is prescribed only under the supervision of the attending physician.

When used simultaneously with metronidazole, for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, diseases of the central nervous system and blood are added to the main contraindications.

Amoxicillin during pregnancy

Given the ability of the antibiotic to penetrate the placental barrier and accumulate in the tissues of the fetus, amoxicillin during pregnancy is prescribed strictly according to indications and after agreement with the attending physician. The expected benefit of treatment for the mother must outweigh the perceived risk to the unborn child.

The admissibility of prescribing Wed-va is due to the lack of data on mutagenic, teratogenic and embryotoxic effects on the fetus. However, controlled and large-scale studies have not been conducted, in connection with this, amoxicillin is prescribed during pregnancy, but the agent is classified as an effect on the fetus according to the FDA - B. That is, the absence negative action on the fetus was confirmed by animal studies.

Amoxicillin while breastfeeding

Antibiotic in small quantities penetrates and is excreted with breast milk. Therefore, amoxicillin during breastfeeding can be prescribed strictly according to the indications and under the supervision of the attending physician. Considering the risk of developing sensitization, dysbacteriosis, diarrhea, and thrush in a child, when it is used during lactation, temporary cancellation of breastfeeding may be recommended.

Dosage of amoxicillin for adults

The starting daily dose for patients over ten years old, weighing more than forty kilograms, is 1500 mg (3 tablets of 500), divided into three doses.

For the treatment of severe infections, it is possible to increase the dose to one gram every eight hours.

Patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea (acute course) are recommended to take a single dose of three grams of the antibiotic. Women need to take the drug for two days.

Acute diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of an infectious-inflammatory nature and gynecological infections - from one and a half to 2 grams three times a day or from 1 to 1.5 grams every six hours.

Leptospirosis - 500 to 750 mg every six hours.

Salmonella carriage - from 1.5 to 2 grams, the duration of treatment is from two weeks to a month.

Prevention of endocarditis during surgery - from 3 to 4 grams one hour before surgery. It is possible to take the drug again after eight hours.

With reduced GFR, the dose or time interval between taking the drug is adjusted, depending on the glomerular filtration rate.

Dosage of amoxicillin suspension for children

For babies under two years old, the dose is calculated at 20 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, the drug is prescribed three times a day. In severe infections, the dosage can be increased to 60 milligrams per kg.

The neonatal period and prematurity are indications for dose reduction or increase in the interval between taking the drug.

From two to five years, take 125 milligrams every eight hours.

From five to 10 - 0.25 grams, every eight hours.

Children over the age of 10, weighing more than 40 kilograms, are prescribed adult dosages.

How is the suspension diluted?

In a diluted state at room temperature, the suspension can be stored for up to two weeks. Only clean, non-carbonated water can be used as a solvent in its manufacture. Water is added to the suspension powder vial and mixed thoroughly. Shake the resulting mixture before each use. Five milliliters of suspension contains 250 ml of antibiotic.

Amoxicillin side effects and effects

Most often, an allergy develops to amoxicillin. Of the other undesirable effects, dysbacteriosis and thrush are possible. Sometimes patients complain of a change in taste sensations, nausea and abdominal pain. In rare cases, antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis may develop.

Immunocompromised patients may develop superinfection.

From the side of the central nervous system, a feeling of anxiety, insomnia, dizziness, convulsions are possible.

Changes in the analyzes are also possible (increased levels of liver transaminases, a decrease in the number of leukocytes, platelets and neutrophils, anemia rarely develops).

Amoxicillin and alcohol - compatibility

Despite the fact that penicillins are not included in the list of drugs that lead to a disulfiram-like effect, alcohol in combination with antibiotics can cause liver and central nervous system damage, drug overdose, and also lead to severe intoxication. Therefore, amoxicillin and alcohol are incompatible. At the time of treatment, it is recommended to stop drinking alcohol.

Analogues

Amoxicillin can be produced under trade names:

Amoxicillin - reviews of doctors

The drug has been widely used in medical practice for many years and has repeatedly proven its effectiveness. Its advantages include good digestibility and tolerability by patients. A wide range of dosages and many forms of release (suspensions, capsules, granules, tablets, soluble form) allow the patient to choose the most convenient for him. It is also worth noting the low cost of the drug, which distinguishes it favorably from other antibiotics.

Of the side effects, allergy to amoxicillin, thrush and dysbacteriosis are most often noted. The rest are quite rare. Disorders from the gastrointestinal tract can be avoided if you take the remedy according to the instructions, that is, before eating.

infectious disease doctor Chernenko A.L.

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List of over-the-counter antibiotics + reasons for the ban on their free circulation

In the forties of the last century, mankind received powerful weapon against a multitude of deadly dangerous infections. Antibiotics were sold without prescriptions and allowed

Amoxicillin belongs to antibacterial drugs penicillin group and has a wide range actions. The bactericidal effect extends to aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

The order of taking amoxicillin is determined individually for each patient based on his characteristics and the presence of diseases.

Amoxicillin

amoxicillin, antimicrobial agent group of penicillins, mainly appointed at respiratory, urinary infections and bacterial meningitis, is included in the 3rd line of anti-tuberculosis drugs. This means that the antibiotic is used to treat mycobacterial infection only in the case when specific antibacterial agents of the 1st and 2nd lines are contraindicated for the patient for health reasons.

Taking Amoxicillin in combination with other drugs

More often amoxicillin is used not in the form monopreparation, and in combination with clavulanic acid, which protects the antibiotic from adaptive bacterial enzymes aimed at its destruction. A protected combination due to high stability will be more powerful from a therapeutic point of view. It is part of the drug Amoxiclav.

Photo 1. Amoxiclav in the composition with clavulanic acid. Manufacturing company "LEK d.d., Slovenia"

Clavulanic acid is a gastrointestinal motility stimulant and may cause some side effects drug:

1. stomach ache;
2. diarrhea;
3. reflex nausea;
4. vomiting;
5. intestinal spasm.

Important! Due to possible disturbances Not recommended take Amoxiclav on an empty stomach. Food does not affect the absorption of the drug, but reduces the likelihood of adverse reactions, therefore optimal time for taking an antibiotic - at the beginning of a meal.

Amoxicillin, how to take: before meals or after?

It is not critical when you can take the medicine Amoxicillin, before meals or after meals. You can drink at any time, since the presence of gastric contents and a high concentration of hydrochloric acid do not reduce its bioavailability.

However, sensitive to the drug or people suffering from gastrointestinal diseases are adverse reactions similar to those listed above. In order not to once again expose the mucous membrane to the local irritant effects of the antibiotic, you should drink the drug during or after a meal.

Food Compatibility

Widespread opinion about incompatibility penicillin antibiotics with dairy products is erroneous in relation to Amoxicillin.

The antibiotic does not interact with the gastrointestinal contents.

It has long been proven that ethanol reduces the rate of absorption of antibiotics and activates liver enzymes, changing the rate of excretion of drugs.

The question of interaction alcohol and Amoxicillin remains open, although there are clinical researches, indicating the safety of the combination of these two substances.

Important! In some patients, amoxicillin causes oppression liver function, against which there is an alcoholic intoxication. It is impossible to guess who will fall into the number of these people, so it is better not to drink alcohol during treatment.

Useful video

Instructions for use Amoxicillin contains information about the indications (from what they are used) and contraindications, how to take and in what quantities, possible side effects. As well as other important data that you need to know about before using it.