Doxycycline instructions for use for animals. Treatment regimens for viral diseases

Ravilov R.Kh., Iskhakov G.M., Kashov V.N.
FGOU VPO "Kazan State Academy veterinary medicine"Kazan

Source: Proceedings of the XVII Moscow International Congress on Diseases of Small Pets

In the treatment of chlamydia, the leading role is given to etiotropic therapy, which is based on the sensitivity of chlamydia to chemotherapy drugs. Antibiotics of the tetracycline series, macrolides, fluoroquinolones have a high inhibitory activity against chlamydia. However, despite the fact that there are various publications on the successful use of fluoroquinolones for the treatment of chlamydia, the only drug in this group that is recommended for the treatment of the disease is ofloxacin. Such limitations in the use of fluoroquinolones for the treatment of chlamydial infection are due to the fact that, in comparison with antibiotics of other groups, the percentage of relapses after such therapy is too high. The advantage of ofloxacin over other fluoroquinolones is that resistance to it develops rarely and very slowly.

Tetracycline drugs are the main drugs for the treatment of chlamydia. At the same time, doxycycline has a higher bioavailability and a longer half-life. Doxycycline monohydrate is available in a unique dosage form Solutab, which makes treatment with it the most compliant.

The most effective against chlamydia are macrolides. In some cases, erythromycin is effective, it is prescribed for 14-15 days at the rate of 30 mg per kg of body weight, 3 times a day.

Although tetracycline and erythromycin have been used for decades to treat chlamydial infections, these medicines still widely used, this indicates that resistance to them is not always a big problem. However, some recent publications indicate the ineffectiveness of erythromycin and tetracycline therapy in 10-25% of patients with chlamydia.

Azithromycin is the drug of choice for the treatment of chlamydia in dogs and cats. It has a long half-life, after oral administration it is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, stable in the acidic environment of the stomach, rapidly distributed throughout the tissues, transported by leukocytes to the site of inflammation, and has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity.

Clarithromycin is resistant to beta-lactamase, has high activity against intracellular pathogens. The drug is stable in the acidic environment of the stomach, rapidly absorbed unchanged. The level of its concentration in tissues is several tens of times higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration of most microorganisms.

AT last years a new antibiotic from the group of macrolides - josamycin appeared, it showed high activity in chlamydia. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The drug is more stable than tetracyclines. The high concentration of josamycin in tissues guarantees high clinical efficacy. When using this drug, there were practically no dyspeptic and other side effects. The antibiotic stimulates the functional activity of macrophages, sharply increasing their absorption and digestion functions.

In the initial stage, the disease is treatable and recovery in these cases occurs in most animals. On the contrary, antibiotic therapy in the chronic phase of the disease has a significantly lower activity. It is believed that persistent chlamydia are more resistant to antibiotics. When developing a treatment plan, the possibility of persistence of chlamydia in the body should be taken into account.

In the treatment of an acute infection (1-2 weeks) localized on the mucous membranes, as a rule, antibiotic therapy alone is sufficient and there is no need to apply additional therapeutic measures. In this case, effective:

1. tetracyclines (doxycycline - 4-6 mg per kg of body weight 2 times a day for at least 7 days, the first dose of the drug should be 8-10 mg; metacycline - 10-12 mg per kg of body weight 4 times a day for 7-10 days ).
2. macrolides (azithromycin - a single dose of 12-15 mg per kg of body weight 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal; erythromycin 6 mg per kg of body weight 4 times a day for 10 days; josamycin 6-8 mg per kg of body weight 2 times a day for 10 days; clarithromycin - 4-6 mg per kg of body weight 2 times a day for 10 days).

Antibiotics should be prescribed in combination (one drug from each group), which is effective in combating antibiotic resistance.

In the treatment of patients with deep tissue damage and recurrent chlamydia (prolonged conjunctivitis and rhinitis, abortion, stillbirth, infertility, etc.), and animals with this form of the disease are most often registered in veterinary clinics, use all of the above antibiotics, but the duration of their appointment should be longer than with uncomplicated forms of the disease (up to 3 weeks). More convenient in these cases is azithromycin - 3 doses of 12-15 mg per kg of body weight with an interval of 1 week (days 1, 8 and 15 of treatment).

Persistence of chlamydia requires a special approach to treatment. The most optimal in these cases is a therapy based on a combination of antibiotics and immune preparations, while treatment should be started with a course of immunotherapy (3-4 days before the start of antibiotic therapy).
Based on our own research, we offer the following option for immunotherapy prior to antibiotics:

1. neovir 4-6 mg intramuscularly 1 time per day every other day, for a total of 6-10 injections (antibacterial therapy begins after the 3rd injection);
2. interferon-alpha in two 5-day cycles with an interval of 2 weeks at a total dose of 100,000 IU per kg of animal weight for a course of treatment.

In the treatment of conjunctivitis, in addition to parenteral administration of antibiotics, ophthalmic ointments (3% tetracycline or 2% erythromycin) are used, which are applied 3-6 times a day under the lower eyelid until the clinic of the disease is recorded and another week after the disappearance of conjunctivitis. In females with chlamydial vaginitis and endometritis, in males with balanoposthitis, antibiotic therapy is combined with local application antichlamydial preparations in the form of suppositories and ointments.

Treatment of sick animals with a complicated form of chlamydial infection should be complex, i.e. should be combined with anti-inflammatory, symptomatic and physiotherapeutic measures, the choice of which depends on the nature of the pathology.

It should be taken into account that small doses of antibiotics and non-systematic treatment can cause persistence in chlamydia and contribute to the occurrence of relapses. With unsuccessful treatment of chlamydia, repeated courses of antimicrobial and immunostimulating drugs are prescribed with an interval of 5-10 days after the completion of the previous course of therapy.

Summary
Ravilov R.Kh., Ishakov G.M., Kashov V.N.: Complex therapy at chlamydial infections of dogs and cats. The Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Kazan, Russia
At treatment of chlamydial infections the main role is borrowed by etiological therapy. The greatest suppressing activity on Chlamydia have the tetracyclines and macrolyds. The treatment of chlamydial infections demands a combination of antibiotics and immune stimulating drugs, carrying out of symptomatic therapy.

Doxycycline - semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic is active against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, including staphylococci, listeria, pseudomonas, pasmterella, enterococci, enterobacteria, proteus, coli, serrations, citrobacters, mycoplasmas, spirochetes, chlamydia and rickettsiae.

After oral administration the intensity of absorption of various derivatives of doxycycline is not the same: this happens most quickly when using doxycycline hyclate - it reaches a maximum concentration in the blood within 3 hours, being maintained at a therapeutic level for 24 hours.

Unfortunately, domestic veterinarians involved in the treatment of cats mainly have to use medicines doxycycline, since almost the only veterinary analogue approved in Russia for use in this animal species is Ronaksan (Merial, France). It is produced in the form of tablets containing doxycycline hyclate in two dosages - 20 and 100 mg / tablet. Ronaxan is prescribed to cats and dogs with therapeutic purpose in diseases of the respiratory system (rhinitis, tonsillitis, bronchopneumonia), the genitourinary system (cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, endometritis), skin (purulent dermatitis, abscesses) and other infections, the pathogens of which are sensitive to doxycycline.

The drug is used in cats mixed with food or injected forcibly on the root of the tongue once a day at the rate (according to the active substance) of 10 mg per 1 kg of animal weight. The course of treatment for the acute course of diseases is 3-5 days, for chronic - 8-10 days. Avoid skipping the next dose of the drug, as this may lead to a decrease in therapeutic efficacy. According to the prescription of the veterinarian, the dosage and duration of the drug can be increased. In case of an overdose of Ronaxan, the animal may experience vomiting, refusal to feed, and impaired coordination of movement. In this case, you should stop using the drug and prescribe symptomatic therapy. For pregnant and lactating cats, Ronaxan is used only in exceptional cases, according to indications under the supervision of the attending veterinarian, since systemic absorption of the drug can cause disturbances in the development of fetal bone tissue.

Doxycycline does not have a sensitizing, teratogenic and embryotoxic effect, but it can disrupt the development of tooth enamel in kittens, reduce hearing acuity, as well as the functional state of the liver and kidneys.

Its use is contraindicated hypersensitivity animal to the components of the drug and antibiotics of the tetracycline group, severe violations of the liver and / or kidneys.

With increased individual sensitivity to tetracyclines and the occurrence of allergic reactions, the use of the drug is stopped and administered to the animal antihistamines and means of symptomatic therapy.

Doxycycline should not be used in conjunction with bactericidal antibiotics of the penicillin and cephalosporin groups (due to a possible decrease in antibacterial activity), with drugs and feed additives containing calcium, magnesium, iron and aluminum salts, barbiturates and phenytoin (due to a possible deterioration in absorption).

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Release form:

Release the drug packaged in bottles of 50, 100 ml.

Advantages

• Antibiotic of the tetracycline series of the latest generation.
• Effective when used in low concentrations and, as a result, less toxic.
• Long period of emergence of resistance in microorganisms.

Composition and pharmacological properties.

As active substance contains doxycycline hyclate - 200 mg / ml. Doxycycline hyclate is an antibiotic of the tetracycline group, active against Escherichia coli., Yersinia enterocolitica, Bordettela pertussis, Shigella spp., Haemophilus spp., Pasteurella spp., Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Leptospira spp. , Clostridium spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium pyogenes, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Fusobacterium necroforum, Actinobacillus spp., Rickettsiae spp., Chlamidia spp, and also Mycoplasma spp.

Indications for use.

Pigs, cattle and small cattle with colibacillosis, salmonellosis, staphylococcosis, pneumonia, hemophilia, swine enzootic pneumonia, swine erysipelas, pasteurellosis, foot rot, keratoconjunctivitis, wound infections, arthritis, umbilical sepsis, abscesses, chlamydia and other diseases of bacterial and mycoplasmal etiology .

Contraindications.

Pregnant and lactating females, animals with severe functional insufficiency of the liver and kidneys. It should not be used simultaneously with antibiotics of the penicillin and cephalosporin groups, as well as calcium preparations.

Application procedure.

"Doxycycline 200" is administered to animals intramuscularly once in the following doses: cattle and small cattle - 1.0 ml per 10 kg of animal weight; pigs - 0.5 ml per 10 kg of animal weight.

Side effects.

When using the drug in accordance with the instructions side effects and complications, as a rule, are not observed. In rare cases, edema may develop at the injection site, which resolves spontaneously within a few days.

With increased individual sensitivity of the animal to tetracyclines and the occurrence of allergic reactions, the use of the drug is stopped and desensitizing therapy is carried out.

Waiting period

Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed no earlier than 21 days after the last use of the drug. The meat of animals forcedly slaughtered before the expiration of the specified period may be used as feed for fur-bearing animals.

Storage.

Store the medicinal product in the manufacturer's closed packaging in a dry place, protected from direct sunlight, out of the reach of children and animals, separately from food and feed, at a temperature of 5 °C to 25 °C.

The information provided in this catalog is for reference only. There may be some changes in the characteristics, packaging and packaging of products.

AVZ reserves the right to make such changes without prior notice. You can get full information about updated products from your personal manager or from the nearest AVZ dealer.

All medications for veterinary use from this catalog may have contraindications and when using it is necessary to read the Instructions for Use.

Doxycycline is an antibiotic that can be used to treat bacterial infections in dogs. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which means it can be used to fight several types of bacteria. Doxycycline is often prescribed for dogs to treat tick-borne diseases such as Lyme disease, spotted fever Rocky Mountains and ehrlichiosis. It can also treat E. coli infections, urinary tract infections, and chlamydia, among many others. viral infections dogs. If your veterinarian has prescribed doxycycline for your dog, it is important to follow their recommendations closely and give your dog the medication for the full regimen your veterinarian advises. If you notice side effects, let your veterinarian know so they can develop a treatment plan to make your dog more comfortable. Here's what you should know about the benefits, dosage, and side effects of doxycycline for dogs.

Uses of doxycycline for dogs

As a broad-spectrum antibiotic, doxycycline can treat infections in many various kinds bacteria in dogs, although it is not effective for treating viral or fungal infections. It can be given as a preventive measure when treating a single infection to prevent a secondary bacterial infection. Your veterinarian may also prescribe doxycycline to treat one of the following conditions in your dog.

• Lyme disease
• rocky mountain fever
• erlichiosis
• Chlamydia
• Urinary tract infections
• Respiratory infections
• infected wounds
• Leptospirosis
• toxoplasmosis
• Mycoplasma
• psittacosis
• Other blood-borne or bacterial infections

Dosage of doxycycline for dogs

The general dosage of doxycycline for dogs is 2mg to 5mg per pound of body weight every 12 to 24 hours. This depends on what type of infection is being treated, and your veterinarian may vary the dosage depending on your dog's specific needs. Doxycycline is usually given as a long-term treatment, and it's important to continue giving your dog the medication until your veterinarian advises you otherwise, even if the symptoms improve.

It is not necessary to give doxycycline to a dog with food, although it may reduce some side effects such as nausea. Your dog should have plenty of fresh water at all times during the entire doxycycline regimen. It is best to stick to a schedule and give your dog the medicine at the same time each day.

Side effects of doxycycline in dogs

Side effects doxycycline in dogs are quite rare. Most adult dogs tolerate the drug well. Side effects most commonly seen in dogs include nausea, vomiting, or difficulty swallowing or breathing. Nausea can be reduced if the medication is given to the dog with food. Problems with swallowing or breathing can be reduced by taking the tablet with a small amount of water. If gastrointestinal problems become severe, contact your veterinarian as this may be a sign of a doxycycline overdose.

Doxycycline can cause limb deformities in puppies that are still in the womb, which is also dangerous for pregnant mother dogs. Sometimes the veterinarian will decide that the risks are outweighed by the benefits of the antibiotic. Doxycycline can also interact poorly with other medications, so make sure your veterinarian is aware of any other medications your pet is taking. As with almost all medicines, there is a risk allergic reaction which can lead to anaphylaxis. If you see signs of an allergic reaction, contact your veterinarian immediately.

Has your dog ever used doxycycline? Did it work? Let us know in the comments below!

Doxycycline 20%, water soluble powder.

Description

Light yellow powder.

Compound

1 g of the drug contains the active substance:

Doxycycline hydrochloride - 200 mg.

pharmachologic effect

Doxycycline- a bacteriostatic antibiotic that belongs to the group of tetracyclines. It acts bacteriostatically on the ribosomes of bacteria, preventing protein synthesis. The drug has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (Staphylococcus spp., Diplococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus spp., Haemophilus influenza., E. coli, Pneumococci, Bacillus antracis, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium perfringes, Listeria monocytogens, Actinomyces spp., Entirobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella, Yersinia spp.), as well as mycoplasmas, rickettsia and chlamydia. After oral administration, doxycycline is rapidly absorbed and reaches a peak blood concentration after 3 hours, and also remains in the body for a long time.

Application

Prevention and treatment of respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases of bacterial etiology in poultry and pigs.

Dosing

Orally.

- Treatment - 50 g per 200 liters of drinking water for 5-7 days;

- Prevention - 25 g per 200 liters of drinking water for 5 days.

- Treatment - 100 g per 100 liters of drinking water for 3-5 days;

- Prevention - 50 g per 100 liters of drinking water for 3-5 days.

Contraindication

Do not use in animals sensitive to tetracyclines, as well as in animals with kidney and liver diseases. Do not use in laying hens.

Warning

Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed 4 days after the last use of the drug. Before the specified period, the meat is fed to unproductive animals or disposed of (depending on the conclusion of the veterinarian).

Release form

Plastic packs of 100 g, 500 g and 1000 g.

Storage

Dry, dark place at a temperature of +15 to +30°C.

Shelf life - 36 months.