Treatment of cystitis caused by Escherichia coli. E. coli in the bladder

The goals of pharmacotherapy for cystitis are to eradicate infection, prevent complications, and provide symptomatic relief to patients. Early treatment of cystitis helps reduce the risk of pyelonephritis.

Main antimicrobials for the treatment of cystitis: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin, fluoroquinolones or cephalosporins. Some patients may need a urinary analgesic such as phenazopyridine ("Uropirine").

It helps reduce discomfort due to severe dysuria.

1. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (a group of sulfonamides) is active against aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with the exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
2. The antibiotic nitrofurantoin ("Furadonin", "Macrobid", "Macrodantin") is indicated for the treatment of cystitis caused by susceptible strains of Escherichia coli, enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, as well as some strains of Klebsiella and Enterobacter species. it good drug for the treatment of cystitis due to the minimal resistance of microorganisms and the rare side effects. However, nitrofurantoin should be avoided if early pyelonephritis is suspected and if creatinine clearance is less than 60 ml/min. Nitrofurantoin is produced in various forms: macrocrystals and microcrystals. Combined drug Monohydrate/Single Crystal is indicated only for the treatment of acute cystitis caused by susceptible strains of Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus saprophyta in patients 12 years of age and older.
3. Ofloxacin (a group of fluoroquinolones) is prescribed for the treatment of both uncomplicated and complicated acute and chronic cystitis. Like other fluoroquinolones, it is most effective against gram-negative organisms such as E. coli, Citrobacter diversus, Citrobacter freundi, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., and Shigella spp.
4. Levofloxacin (a group of fluoroquinolones) is indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated and complicated chronic and acute cystitis. It is used to treat cystitis caused by Escherichia coli, saprophytic staphylococcus aureus, or a type of Klebsiella.
5. Amoxicillin-clavulanate (a group of penicillins, trade names- "Augmentin", "Augmentin XP") is a beta-lactam antibiotic recommended for the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis when other agents are not suitable. Ampicillin has activity against anaerobes and gram-negative aerobes. The drug can be administered intravenously or intramuscularly.

In pregnant women, the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be as high as 8 percent. The choice of antibiotic for UTI depends on the organisms causing the cystitis (eg, Gram-negative organisms). Preparations for the treatment of cystitis during pregnancy should also be safe for the mother and fetus.

Historically, ampicillin has been the first choice for cystitis during pregnancy, but in last years E. coli is becoming increasingly resistant to this remedy. Nitrofurantoin is good choice due to high concentration in urine. Alternatively, the doctor may suggest a cephalosporin medication, which is well tolerated and successfully treats cystitis.

Sulfonamides can be taken during the first and second trimesters, but in the third trimester, the use of sulfonamides carries the risk of impaired intrauterine development of the child. Other common antibiotics (eg, fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines) should not be given during pregnancy due to possible toxic effects on the fetus.

Cystitis: symptoms and treatment in women, fast-acting drugs, herbal treatment

Most of us are familiar with the symptoms of cystitis: burning when we pass urine, frequent urination, blood or bad smell in the urine, discomfort in the groin area. Fever, back pain, and vomiting occur as the infection becomes more severe and travels to the kidneys. If this happens, it is very important to see a urologist or gynecologist, as the infection can damage the kidneys.

The bacteria that causes cystitis can be passed on to both men and women during sexual intercourse. Elena Malysheva, in one of her programs, said that E. coli, which causes cystitis, can also be transmitted from the rectum. And this happens with improper wiping after a bowel movement (from the anus to the vagina, and not vice versa). Weakening immune system, as well as hormonal disruptions can make a person more vulnerable to cystitis.

Symptoms and treatment in women are different from those in men, the latter usually have less severe symptoms and treatment takes less time. Cystitis is very common in pregnant and older women. As we age, the tissues of the urethra and bladder become thinner and drier, leading to an increased chance of getting a urinary tract infection.

With strong painful sensations your doctor may recommend the antibiotic fosfomycin (Monural). It is a bactericidal agent that is used to treat uncomplicated cystitis in patients with susceptible strains of Escherichia coli and fecal enterococcus. The drug is excreted from the body unchanged in the urine, and its concentration remains high for 24-48 hours after ingestion. Fosfomycin can be taken at a dosage of 3 g as a single dose with 3-4 ml of water for uncomplicated cystitis.

In acute cystitis caused by Escherichia coli or staphylococcus saprophytum, another antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, is used. For acute uncomplicated cystitis, the recommended dose is 250 mg twice daily for 3 days. As the severity of the condition worsens, the duration of therapy increases. In the case of cystitis caused by a fungal infection (candidiasis), such drugs are used with fluconazole ("Diflucan", "Fucis"), one capsule at a dose of 150 mg twice a day.

Also, the attending physician may prescribe "Nystatin" 1,000,000 IU two or three times a day. Overuse of antibiotics can cause disturbances in the intestinal flora. And this, in turn, leads to greater susceptibility to other infections. The gut flora makes up two-thirds of our immune system. Phytotherapy is a great addition, and sometimes an alternative antibacterial treatment cystitis.

Herbalists use the following plants:

1. Bearberry. It acts as an antibacterial, antiseptic, astringent and diuretic for the mucous membranes of the urinary tract.
2. Dandelion leaves. This herb is a powerful diuretic used to relieve the symptoms of cystitis.
3. Marshmallow root. Yes, the original Zephyr sweets are made from this plant. Marshmallow has a soothing sedative effect on the irritated mucous membrane of the urinary tract.
4. Cranberry. Although it is not a herb, it is successfully used in the treatment of cystitis. Cranberries help prevent potentially harmful bacteria from sticking to the walls of the urinary tract and effectively cleanse the urinary tract of harmful microorganisms.
5. Goldenseal. It is a powerful antibacterial agent, used for inflammation of the walls of the urinary tract.

Any of these herbs, with the exception of goldenseal and cranberry, can be taken in herbal tea form (1 teaspoon of the herb per liter of boiling water, brewed for 7 minutes and consumed daily).

Cystitis in men: treatment, drugs and prognosis

In acute cystitis, a warm and plentiful drink is prescribed (two liters of fluid per day). It is advisable to refrain from sex, but if it takes place, then only in a condom. Sour, spicy, salty foods and alcohol are excluded from the diet.

Effective herbal remedies, such as Canephron and Fitolizin, are also used fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, nitrofurans, sometimes penicillins, for 5-7 days. The prognosis of the disease is favorable, most men recover completely.

With cystitis in children, drinking plenty of water is useful, you can do warm (up to 37 degrees) sitz baths with sage, chamomile, calendula. Antibiotics are also prescribed, but only by the attending physician. In acute cystitis, the prognosis is favorable, chronic cystitis can lead to complications in the kidneys.

Inflammation of the bladder mucosa occurs in both adults and children. The most common causative agent of cystitis is E. coli (Escherichia coli). This bacterium causes cystitis and is isolated from cystitis in up to 95% of all cases of the disease. To protect yourself and to choose the right treatment, you need to know what role E. coli plays in the body, how it gets into the bladder, how to recognize the signs of cystitis, and what to do next?

E. coli with cystitis

E. coli is a permanent inhabitant of many warm-blooded animals, including humans. The intestine is populated by Escherichia coli in the first two days from birth, and throughout life it forms the basis of the human microflora. Most subspecies of E. coli are harmless and perform important tasks: help digest food, inhibit the overgrowth of pathogenic microorganisms, and produce vitamin K that is difficult to obtain from food. Certain strains cause intestinal infection. But all this applies only to E. coli, which are in their usual place - in the large intestine. When microbes colonize the urinary organs, especially the bladder, problems begin.

Experts name many factors that contribute to the entry of E. coli into the bladder. Among them:

• improper care of the genitals;
• intestinal infection;
• disorders in the immune system;
• associated diseases of the excretory system (pyelonephritis, urolithiasis disease, prostatitis);
• change in the natural acid reaction of urine;
• inflammatory processes in the vagina (colpitis);
• pregnancy.

by the most frequent patients with cystitis are women. This is due to the anatomical and physiological features female body, for example, a small gap between the anus of the intestine and the organs of the genitourinary system and a short urethra, which allows microbes to easily enter the bladder and provoke cystitis. The low resistance to infections in most of our ladies also plays a role in the cystitis epidemic.

Symptoms of cystitis

Cystitis caused by Escherichia coli has the following symptoms:

• frequent and repeated urge to go to the toilet;
• pain, cutting and burning sensations in the urethra;
• feeling of partial emptying and overcrowding in bladder;
• nightly rising to urinate;
• soreness in the lower abdomen;
• straining when urinating;
• urine in a thin stream and in small quantities.

Sometimes symptoms may include diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, weakness and fatigue, and fever. If any of these signs occur, it is strongly recommended to seek medical help to rule out more threatening diseases, such as inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney, and prescribe therapy.

Diagnostics

First of all, for a correct diagnosis, a competent doctor must interview the patient: what complaints does he have, when did they appear, were there any provoking factors (freezing, non-compliance with personal hygiene). On examination, the patient may indicate symptoms of pain in the lower abdomen. A further diagnostic measure is the delivery of a general urine test. It must be collected in a sterile disposable container purchased from a pharmacy or laboratory. Incorrectly collected urine carries foreign bacteria, which can interfere with the correct diagnosis.

Urine must be collected from the middle portion of urination. Urine may be cloudy, bloody, with flakes and sediment, and smell unusual. Under the microscope, an increase in the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes in the field of view and protein will be visible. Urine is distinguished by an unpleasant odor of feces. Escherichia coli are visible in sedimentary fragments when stained with special Gram dyes.

For a more detailed examination, it is possible to prescribe two-glass and three-glass samples, analysis according to Nechiporenko and urine culture, in which E. coli is found in large quantities. It is important to culture isolated bacteria to determine antibiotic susceptibility in order to confidently prescribe treatment. Also held general analysis blood, cystoscopy and ultrasound.

The most common questions about the causes of cystitis and its treatment.

There is probably no woman who has not heard of cystitis. As a rule, we know everything about this disease. Still, some questions need to be clarified.

1. Is it really necessary to treat cystitis? Is it possible that "everything will pass by itself"?

Painful and frequent urination, changes in the color and smell of urine and, finally, pain in the lower back and lower abdomen are all clear signs of cystitis. Sometimes all these symptoms disappear on their own within a few days. But does this mean that you have fully recovered? After all, cystitis can often become chronic. And this, in turn, causes other serious complications. One example of such a complication is pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidneys). That is why, as soon as you find the first signs of cystitis in yourself, you should consult a doctor. The doctor will conduct the necessary studies and, excluding the presence of more serious illnesses prescribe treatment.

2. What are the causes of cystitis?

There is an opinion that cystitis occurs as a result of hypothermia. After all, cystitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder. However, few people know that this disease can be caused by an infection. The causative agent of the disease can be either E. coli, which is normally present in the intestinal microflora, or streptococci or staphylococci. It is to their invasion that the bladder reacts with inflammation. As for hypothermia, it reduces the protective functions of the body. And this, in turn, can trigger the mechanism of the disease.

3. Can a sexual partner be the cause of cystitis?

Sometimes cystitis begins to torment a woman after intercourse. The so-called "honeymoon cystitis". According to statistics, it occurs in every third woman. At the same time, one should not think that cystitis is a sexually transmitted disease. As a rule, in this case, E. coli becomes the cause of the disease. To avoid such troubles, you need to pay close attention to hygiene measures. Also in the prevention of "honeymoon cystitis" it is recommended to urinate immediately after intercourse. Another recommendation is washing. This procedure must be carried out both before sexual intercourse and after. Special attention hygiene should be given to the partner.

4. Do men get cystitis?

It is generally accepted that only women suffer from cystitis. Indeed, due to anatomical features(a short urethra (urethra) and a closely spaced vagina and anus, where colonies of bacteria natural to the body live), women are more susceptible to the disease. In addition, cystitis can provoke colpitis (inflammation of the vagina) or bacterial vaginosis (violation of the microflora of the vagina). But this does not mean at all that men do not get sick with cystitis. They also have it, although much less frequently. As a rule, in this case, we can talk about the presence of prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland).

5. Is it possible to cure cystitis folk remedies?

Do not treat cystitis as an unpleasant, but trifling disease. Restriction of treatment only with folk remedies does not give full healing. As we remember, cystitis is an infectious disease. And so in the composition complex therapy antibacterial agents must be present. With the right treatment, the symptoms disappear in just a day. But, nevertheless, antibiotic therapy must be continued up to 3 days. Also components of complex therapy are bed rest and diet. Alcohol, fried, salty and spicy foods are excluded from the diet. Smoked meats and spices should also not be present on your table. Coffee lovers will have to give up coffee. It is recommended to use boiled meat and fish, vegetable dishes, dairy products. It is also necessary to observe the drinking regimen. Here they will just be useful decoctions medicinal plants(chamomile, calendula, St. John's wort).

The use of cranberry juice or fruit drink due to biologically active substances contained in it, will prevent the occurrence of recurrence of cystitis.

6. Does heating in a sauna help with cystitis?

It is believed that warming up in a sauna, bath, as well as applying a heating pad to the lower abdomen, helps in the treatment of cystitis. However, all this only leads to a reduction in symptoms. Bacterial microflora actively reproduces in such comfortable conditions. After 1-3 days, the condition worsens. Special mention must be made of the sauna. Warming up in it alternates with swimming in a cold pool. And this, in turn, reduces the overall reactivity of the body and leads to an aggravation of the course of the disease. Therefore, such procedures during an exacerbation of cystitis should be abandoned.

31.07.2017

E. coli (or rather, a bacterium of the species Escherichia Coli) is always present in the human body, living in the lower intestines.

In this environment, its harmless strains are representatives normal microflora, participating in the process of digestion and the formation of vitamin K. Excessive reproduction in the intestines of E.Coli is inhibited by lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. If the balance between the representatives of the microflora is not disturbed, the intestines function normally.

But if E. coli gets into an environment where there are nutrients and there are no natural competitors, it is able to develop rapidly and uncontrollably.

E. coli can settle in the human urinary system and cause inflammation. So, cystitis (inflammation of the bladder) of infectious etiology in most cases (up to 95%) causes namely Escherichia coli.

How does E. coli enter the urinary tract?

1. First of all, from the rectum with insufficient hygiene or improper washing from back to front. This is the most common route of infection in girls and women, which is facilitated by the proximity of the location of the sphincter of the anus and the opening of the urethra, a short urethra. This circumstance explains the high prevalence of infectious cystitis caused by E. Coli in girls and women.
2. E. coli lives not only in the human intestine, but also in the intestines of warm-blooded animals and birds. It can remain viable for a long time environment, including in soil and water bodies, being an indicator of their fecal contamination. So swimming in a dirty pond or touching the genitals with soil or manure contaminated hands can also be a source of infection.
3. Infection of the urethra is almost inevitable in men who practice unprotected anal sex; the next stage - the man bringscoli into the partner's vagina, where the bacterium multiplies and spreads to the nearby urethra.

Predisposing factors for the presence of bacteria

Once in the urinary tract, the bacterium is not necessarily fixed there. It is washed away by the stream of urine (which has some bactericidal properties). But in the presence of predisposing factors, the bacterium can settle in the mucosa of the urethra and enter in an ascending way.in bladder . These factors can be:

• stagnation of urine associated with urolithiasis;
• stasis of urine caused by prostate adenoma (in men);
• rare emptying of the bladder, when a person is not able to go to the toilet on time;
• squeezing of the bladder in pregnant women;
• change chemical composition and acid-base balance of urine in kidney disease and diabetes;
• infection of the urinary tract with other microorganisms (including sexually transmitted ones), which reduces the natural protective properties of the mucous membrane;
• damage to the cells of the mucous membrane of the urethra and bladder during chemotherapy cancer(cytostatics suppress the renewal of the epithelium of all mucous membranes of the body);
• degenerative changes in the mucous membrane of the bladder as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation during radiotherapy cancer of nearby organs;
• immunodeficiency states caused by other diseases, malnutrition, beriberi;
• decrease in local immunity with local hypothermia.

It should be noted that with good immunity, E. coli can live in the urinary system for some time without causing symptoms of inflammation. The E. coli bacterium is often found in the urine during its analysis (although normally it should not be there).

In the absence of symptoms of inflammation and if the number of sticks does not exceed 10 5 in 1 ml of urine, special treatment is not carried out. In this case, it is also impossible to exclude the incorrect collection of urine for analysis.

But if the patient applied for medical care in connection with the symptoms of cystitis (frequent urge to urinate, pain during and after urination, constant pulling pain in the suprapubic region, the appearance of blood or mucus in the urine), the concentration of E.Coli is more than 10 2 in ml of urine highly likely suggests that inflammation provoked precisely coli.

How to get rid of E. coli in the bladder

If a small concentration of E. coli is present in the bladder without causing inflammation, the person most likely will not know about it. In most cases, it is about cure cystitis caused by bacterium Escherichia coli.

Treatment cystitis due to reproductioncoli in the bladderusually consists of taking antibiotics. It should be noted that Escherichia coli easily forms new strains, including those resistant to previously successfully used antibiotics. Usually, the doctor prescribes a broad-spectrum antibiotic empirically, but if the treatment does not give the expected effect, it should be adjusted taking into account the antibiogram - a urine bacterial culture test for the sensitivity of the pathogen to different antibiotics. Currently, Monural (Fosfomycin), fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin), aminoglycosides (gentamicin), nitrofuran derivatives (nifuratel, furazolidone), penicillins (amoxicillin) are considered relevant. All antibiotics are side effects and contraindications, so the choice of antibiotic and its dosage is determined by the doctor. With extreme caution, antibiotics are prescribed for children, pregnant women and breastfeeding.

Acute cystitis is usually treated with a short course of antibiotics. Chronic cystitis requires long-term use of antibiotics, which in this case affect not only E. coli in the bladder, but also E. coli that lives in the lower intestine and is a representative of the normal intestinal microflora. To avoid intestinal dysbacteriosis, probiotics are prescribed: Hilak Forte, Bifikol, Kolibakterin, containing specially selected strains of E.Coli.

With cystitis, it is important to drink a lot - compotes, fruit drinks, decoctions medicinal herbs(bearberry, lingonberry leaf, wild rose, St. John's wort). Salty, spicy dishes, smoked meats should be excluded from the diet for the duration of the illness, do not drink alcohol.

Prevention

Prevention of infection of the urethra and the introduction of E. coli into the bladder is primarily strict personal hygiene. It is advisable for women and girls to wash the area of ​​the rectal sphincter after each bowel movement, to wash correctly (from front to back). With insufficient hygiene of the anus, wearing a thong can also contribute to the entry of E. coli into the genital area.

Unprotected anal sex is unacceptable - E. coli is perhaps the most innocent microorganism of those that are easily infected in this way.

Avoid hypothermia, including local hypothermia of the pelvic region, do not sit on cold surfaces, wear warm trousers or tights in cold weather.

It is important to visit the toilet on time, avoiding stagnation of urine.

When signs of cystitis appear, it is necessary to consult a doctor, do not self-medicate, which in most cases translates the acute form of cystitis into a chronic one.

Among inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system, the first place is occupied by bacterial cystitis. The disease affects both men and women. Pathology is recorded even in children of the first year of life. Such a prevalence of the disease is not surprising, because pathological microorganisms that surround a person everywhere can cause cystitis.

Bacterial cystitis is an inflammation of the wall of the bladder, its mucous membrane. The disease proceeds with pronounced symptoms, so the diagnosis is not difficult. Pathology treatment is conservative.

Why does illness occur?

The immediate cause that can provoke bacterial cystitis is the entry of pathological microorganisms into the genitourinary system. The route by which the infection enters the bladder can be either lymphogenous or hematogenous. It means that harmful bacteria enter the bladder through the circulatory or lymphatic system.

Bacteria that have settled in the kidneys and ureters can also reach the bladder, so bacterial cystitis is often a complication of other pathologies. Another route of infection is through the urethra. An elementary non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene and care of the genitals can cause infection. Quite rarely, but still occur, infections with bacterial cystitis with instrumental examinations, cystoscopy.

The disease can be provoked by the following microorganisms:

The most common cause of the pathological process in the walls of the bladder is Escherichia coli. This pathogen is present in the human intestine without causing pathologies. Here the activity of Escherichia coli is restrained by bifidobacteria, which do not allow the population to increase. And when it hits the sterile walls of the bladder, which is susceptible to infections, E. coli causes an inflammatory process. Infection occurs especially quickly with a decrease in immunity, a lack of vitamins, with concomitant inflammatory processes in the urinary system.

Another formidable agent disease-causing- saprophytic staphylococcus aureus. The peculiarity of the bacterium is that it can be present in the bladder for some time without provoking the symptoms of cystitis, but with the slightest damage to the mucous membrane, the pathological process starts in full force. Very often, saprophytic staphylococcus aureus joins, which can basically be “acquired” in a hospital setting.

Cystitis caused by protozoa (Proteus) is similar to cystitis in Escherichia coli. Proteas also live in the intestines, but do not lead to diseases of the digestive system.

The favorite place of protozoa is not only the bladder, but also the renal pelvis, so often cystitis caused by these agents occurs along with pyelonephritis.

In addition, it is worth noting that the activity of protozoa provokes the development of stones, which in themselves become a threat to the walls of the bladder.

Enterococci are the least involved in the mechanism of the occurrence of cystitis - only 4 percent of cases have been recorded when they caused bacterial cystitis. But during sexual contact with a sick partner, chlamydia and Trichomonas can cause the disease.

The mechanism of development and symptoms of the disease

The mucous membrane of the bladder is somewhat resistant to pathogens. The leading role in the formation of local protection has a polysaccharide layer that lines the walls of the bladder from the inside. It is he who creates a barrier for pathological microorganisms. If defects in the polysaccharide layer are observed, microorganisms penetrate the mucosal surface and cause inflammation.

Concomitant factors play a huge role in the mechanism of development of bacterial cystitis. For example, bacterial cystitis often manifests itself in those patients who have problems with blood circulation in the pelvic area, impaired organ emptying, exposure to adverse factors such as hypothermia and stress.

When studying the mechanism of the disease, doctors note that adhesion plays a certain role - the attachment of certain pathological microorganisms to the mucous membrane of the bladder. This is also facilitated by congestion in the bladder, weakness of the musculature of the organ. Gender diseases also influence the occurrence of cystitis. For example, bacterial cystitis occurs in those men who suffer from prostate adenoma, purulent urethritis and narrowing of the urethra, but women are bothered by pathology when the uterus is prolapsed, during pregnancy, etc.

The symptoms of bacterial cystitis are so pronounced that patients suffering from an illness do not delay a visit to the doctor. This is a positive factor, because in this case, the treatment of the disease begins on time, at early stage its development.

The symptomatology that manifests itself in a patient is characterized by a whole range of signs by which bacterial cystitis can be almost accurately determined. Among the most obvious signs, we note the following:

Based on the patient's complaints, the doctor prescribes a series of diagnostic studies, after which the diagnosis is clarified and treatment begins.

Cystitis most often occurs in women. This is due to the fact that their urethra is much shorter than that of men. Therefore, it is women who are more likely to become infected with cystitis during intercourse, during hypothermia, etc. Penetrate into the urethra and bacteria from the vagina. Cystitis is especially activated during pregnancy and menopause, when the woman's immunity is weakened.

Features of male cystitis is that it occurs with much less severe symptoms than in women. Obvious signs of the disease appear in the acute form of bacterial cystitis, but in chronic form many men may not realize that the lining of their bladder is inflamed.

Diagnosis, treatment and prevention

The diagnosis is made on the basis of anamnesis and data from laboratory and hardware studies. To diagnose the disease, a urine test and a blood test, a smear from the urethra for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, and a urodynamic examination are performed. The sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics is determined in order to select the most effective drug. If necessary, cystoscopy, ultrasound examination is performed.

Treatment for bacterial cystitis is carried out after receiving all the test results to determine the pathogen that causes cystitis. Usually, therapy is based on taking antibacterial drugs. Effective for the disease:

Usually, treatment begins with Monural, since it is with its help that patients most quickly get rid of the painful symptoms of the disease. If traces of the pathogen remain after the test, doctors may prescribe a stronger remedy.

Usually, the treatment of cystitis allows you to completely rid the patient of the disease, therefore, with early treatment, there are no serious health consequences. The most important negative point in acute cystitis is the transition of the disease to chronic stage. With a latent course of the disease, patients may long time do not go to the doctor, thereby aggravating the state of your health.

With untimely access to the clinic and inattention to the signs of the disease, patients may develop complications such as:

• pyelonephritis;
• interstitial cystitis;
• vesicoureteral reflux.

Prevention of the disease consists in observing the rules of personal hygiene, timely treatment diseases of the urogenital area, intelligibility in sexual partners, the absence of the influence of factors predisposing to cystitis (stress, hypothermia, etc.). It is important to drink plenty of fluids and empty the bladder in a timely manner so that there is no stagnation of urine.