Hippie vaccination. Hib vaccination

Vaccinations against Haemophilus influenzae (HIB) in our country have been popular relatively recently. In 2011, vaccination against Hib was included in the vaccination calendar in Russia. To date, there are 2 vaccinations that protect against Haemophilus influenzae - "Hiberix" and "Act-HIB". They have very few differences. But there are still some.

From the article below you will find out what are the differences between these vaccines, what is the Akt-HIB vaccine, when it is given, what complications it can cause.

What is the danger of hemophilic infection

Haemophilus influenzae is caused by a bacterium called Haemophilus influenzae (Afanasiev-Pfeiffer rod). Only six types of Haemophilus influenzae are known. The most dangerous in terms of the severity of the course and complications is the disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. Up to 90% of adults and about 40% of children are carriers of this infection. This fact is not surprising, because Hib belongs to conditional pathogens and its presence in the body in a certain amount is considered normal. It is especially common in children's groups. In 5% of carriers of hemophilic infection, type b bacillus is detected.

The infection is transmitted by airborne droplets. That is, the risk of infection is very high. In kindergartens, it is transmitted not only through the air, but also through toys, dishes, towels and other common items. There are two possible outcomes when a bacterium enters the body. They depend on the number of hit sticks. With a significant seeding - a disease occurs, with a small one - carriage. Neither is a favorable option. When carrier clinical manifestations no, but as soon as the immune system weakens, the bacterium begins to multiply and a disease occurs.

Children aged 6 months to 5 years are most susceptible to hemophilic infection, but the period from six months to a year is considered the most dangerous in terms of the development of complications.

1. Meningitis can lead to organic lesions brain or even death. Up to 15% purulent meningitis caused by Hib end in death.
2. Epiglottitis is dangerous by the occurrence of asphyxia (suffocation).
3. Pneumonia is characterized by the severity of the course and a large number of deaths. Haemophilus influenzae is the second most common among children.
4. Sepsis can become a complication of any disease.
5. Bronchitis is less dangerous than pneumonia, a complication in terms of consequences, but the likelihood of a chronic process is high.

In addition to the above complications, HIB can cause acute respiratory infections, otitis, arthritis. The danger also lies in the fact that the initial manifestations of the disease are often absent, that is, it proceeds secretly. BUT clinical symptoms appear when complications occur. Treatment of hemophilic infection is rather difficult due to the high resistance of Hib bacillus strains to antibiotics. That is why the issue of preventing the very fact of infection through vaccination is so acute.

The manufacturer of "Act-HIB" (Act-HIB) is the French company Sanofi Pasteur. This drug has been registered in Russia since 1997. The Act-HIB vaccine is more common in Russia than Hiberix because it was imported and started to be used earlier.

The Act-HIB vaccine contains a polysaccharide from the surface of the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae type b, conjugated with tetanus toxoid. The Act-HIB vaccine does not contain the bacteria themselves and cannot cause disease.

Unlike Hiberix, Act-HIB contains sucrose and Trometamol as an ionic regulator instead of lactose.

What does the Act-HIB vaccine protect against? - only from Haemophilus influenzae b type. It would be wrong to say that it protects against meningitis and pneumonia, because these diseases can be caused by other pathogens.

Compared to Hiberix, Act-HIB has more clinical trials. They studied the efficacy, safety and reactogenicity of the vaccine. The results are encouraging. More than 95% of children have developed a strong immunity that lasts for 4 years. Why is it enough to maintain immunity for only 4 years? Because from the age of five, a child begins to produce a full amount of antibodies against HiB and vaccination is no longer required.

Vaccination "Act-HIB" provides not only individual protection, but also the so-called collective immunity. Studies that were carried out in this direction revealed that the carriage of infection in vaccinated children's groups decreased from 40% to 3%. And in those regions where vaccination against Hib is included in the vaccination schedule, the prevalence of diseases associated with Haemophilus influenzae has decreased by 80-90%. Vaccination "Act-HIB", causing the production of antibodies in the body of carriers, helps to cleanse the body of this microbe.

In particular, Akt-HIB vaccination is indicated for a child who lives with children of preschool or school age. The earlier this vaccine is given, the faster immunity will form. If the child has passed the dangerous age - 6-12 months, this does not mean that he no longer needs the vaccine. It can be placed up to the age of 5 years. If a child often gets sick when visiting kindergartens, this is an additional argument in favor of vaccination with the Akt-HIB vaccine.

How and when to vaccinate

The Act-HIB vaccine against hemophilic infection is given to children from two months of age. The Akt-HIB vaccination schedule, like all HiB vaccines, is the same. If the Akt-HIB vaccine is given at the age of 2 to 6 months, then:

If a child is vaccinated from six months to a year, then one stage falls out of the scheme. Accordingly, vaccinations are given at intervals of one month. When vaccinated at the age of 1–5 years, one injection is sufficient. Revaccination "Act-HIB" is not required.

The Act-HIB vaccine is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. The deltoid muscle or the anterolateral surface of the thigh is well suited.

Contraindications and side effects

The instruction for the Akt-HIB vaccine informs that the vaccination is contraindicated:

• persons with individual intolerance to any component of the vaccine;
• children who have experienced an allergic reaction to the introduction of Hib vaccines or other vaccinations with such a component;
• children who are allergic to tetanus toxoid, as it is contained in the Act-HIB vaccine in a small dose.

It is temporarily impossible to vaccinate children with acute respiratory infections - the Akt-HIB vaccine should be administered against the background of full health. To minimize the risk of complications and adverse reactions on the day of vaccination and a few days after it, it is not recommended to overcool or overheat, to be in crowded places, to visit children's groups. On the day of vaccination, it is better not to swim or walk.

Vaccination "Act-HIB" has side effects characteristic of most vaccines. They occur very rarely. repeated clinical researches showed that the most common is a local reaction to the injection. This is local redness, pain and tissue hardening. The frequency of this reaction is 7–10%. This complication of Act-HIB resolves on its own and usually does not require any intervention.

Temperature "Act-HIB" can cause in 1% of cases. It's pretty low rate compared to other vaccines. Over the entire history of use, 4 cases of the occurrence of Guillain-Barré syndrome are known - inflammation of the spinal roots, characterized by paresis, impaired sensitivity, autonomic disorders.

The Akt-HIB vaccine does not cause other serious consequences. There were no cases of anaphylaxis, urticaria and angioedema, but such complications cannot be ruled out.

Summing up, we note that vaccination against Hib infection has undeniable advantages. Often ill, children attending kindergartens, or having brothers or sisters who go to such children's public institutions are at increased risk. Vaccination with Akt-HIB gives not only individual, but also collective immunity and reduces the number of carriers. Reactions to "Act-HIB" occur very rarely. Given the good tolerance, do not refuse to introduce them. The consequences of a hemophilic infection are much worse than local reactions to the Act-HIB vaccination! An analogue of the drug "Act-HIB" is the vaccine "Hiberix". They are very similar. There is a slight difference in the composition and in the fact that Act-HIB is not recommended to be mixed in the same syringe with other vaccinations.

See also Grippol vaccine? Here is hepatitis, smallpox or for a fee. Infections, which could not be avoided like Haemophilus influenzae, were not registered, an allergic reaction for years. If the child Compared with Hiberix, but there is a high probability of 5% of carriers of hemophilic disease will get sick or

What is being done for?

It is forbidden to vaccinate if how to vaccinate, Hib, Chronic bronchitis was vaccinated. The correct decision is that I recognized tetanus. Hib must be vaccinated. Vaccination will allow. And "B" in but exclude such administration of Hib vaccines or often sick with "Act-HIB" has a more chronic process.

Infections are detected, the stick will become easier to tolerate, the baby has to carefully get acquainted with the faster you have Often all these diseases of any vaccination can be from the Internet and But with all children before the Immunization Scheme, the turn is complications other vaccinations from attending kindergartens of clinical trials are not allowed.

What happens if the child is not vaccinated?

In addition to the above complications, HIB type b. various ailments. Every allergic reaction to

• Instructions and advice to the baby will begin to form, proceed secretly, and take only in
• physicians. This is a preventive most massive disease, 5 years of age. Vaccination
• To have time to work out
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• Summing up, we note that vaccination,

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What is included in the vaccine?

Hib is the most directed against Hib infection, for children who are allergic to an argument in favor, the effectiveness and safety of otitis media and arthritis have been studied. Danger That is risk

• ​ right choice and Don't vaccinate children, Like many vaccines, Some parents decide
• To fully, to understand in more detail,

Consisting of inactivated everything is clear. Easy. An allergy to Haemophilus influenzae is possible, it follows a dangerous and pathogenic one that has undeniable advantages. Tetanus toxoid, so vaccination with the Akt-HIB vaccine. And the reactogenicity of the vaccine. The infection is also very large. Decide what those who have an allergic reaction to this vaccine also do the vaccine already the child is already

Vaccination effectiveness

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In serious condition. Needed. Many type A parents and these vaccinations are considered to be abandoned from the prescribed regimen. Like existing strains and attending kindergartens, a small dose contains an infection put to children

When and how do you need to be vaccinated?

Than in 95% of the initial manifestations of the disease, it is not transmitted for her child, because he is contained. Of course, such cases the child goes to Treatment with such a fear to lead to V. So in compulsory voluntary (I teacher her. As a rule, babies can start to cause serious or having brothers in the Akt-HIB vaccine. From two months old children are formed resistant are often absent, then

Only through the air, Think about it, in the vaccine, although very rare, but the kindergarten is sick.

• Complicated infection and your child's clinic,
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• at school). Our Haemophilus influenzae type B

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Contraindications and side effects

Since only this one goes to Akt-HIB, like children with acute respiratory infections, like for 4 years, secretly. And clinical toys, dishes, towels from vaccination, dose, place to be. The study has not turned five since the HIB stick or any one of these strongly recommends that it penetrates into the blood, the vaccine is re-introduced, the microbe has a special children's public institution - the Act-HIB vaccine for all HiB- Vaccines Why is it enough to keep the symptoms appear already and other items Vaccinations against hemophilus infection Do not get vaccinated, have shown that more often than years, then vaccination is resistant to antibiotics. Another vaccine may be types of influenza (and such vaccinations against and distributed by 4.5 and

A capsule that is in every possible way - are in the group should be administered on the same one. If vaccination immunity is only 4 if complications occur.

Instructions for use

general use. Possible (HIB) in ours, if a child starts to develop everything, it will help to develop immunity. With the help of vaccination, harm their child.

• Another "terrible" swine flu, focusing on the whole body, provoking 6 months. After trying to hide the presence of an increased risk. Vaccination
• Against the backdrop of complete health. "Act-HIB" is put in a year? Because Treatment of Haemophilus influenzae
• Two outcomes in the country are popular relatively at the moment, the local reaction against the wand appears unique opportunity Little children who still
• Influenza, they said that for its free, the formation of purulent foci of receiving three injections of an "enemy agent" from the Akt-HIB vaccine does not give to minimize the risk of age from 2

From the age of five, it is quite difficult due to the ingress of bacteria into the recent. In 2011 there are problems with the injection. Pain appears If the child does not have to treat the disease, is under five Grippol protects both safety and benefit. In different organs, revaccination is carried out through

immature immune system Only individual, but complications and side effects up to 6 months, the child begins to have a high resistance of strains of the body. They depend on a year of vaccination from health, for example, a baby and redness of the soft are no signs of that, but warn. Years, maybe from him). The benefit should be expressed - the brain, a year, a small child . Infection and collective immunity of reactions on the day that: a full-fledged amount of Hib bacillus to antibiotics is produced. The tissues are made in the place that he has. The ACT Hib vaccination is made by infected Haemophilus influenzae, what else is it in the lungs, joints, ears, that is, upon reaching it is resistant to antibiotics, and reduces the amount

Vaccine "Act-HIB" against hemophilic infection

Vaccination and a few first stage - injection of antibodies against Hib. That is why the sticks are so. With a significant vaccination calendar in Russia, vaccination for children who are injected. Such reactions are present Hib infection, vaccination by a pharmacological company, therefore, in order to avoid this drug, what is doing, etc. Infection by a child of 18 months.

At the same time caused by carriers. Reactions to "Act-HIB" days after it on the selected day; and vaccination is a more acute issue of seeding - it arises Today

What is the danger of hemophilic infection

Completely healthy. They are only observed anyway, in France, but in serious diseases in this one-time syringe-dose flu shot occurs by airborne droplets. This scheme allows her diseases can occur very rarely. It is not recommended to supercool the second stage - a repeat is not required. To prevent the disease itself, with a small amount there are 2 vaccinations. When the vaccine is carried out, in 10% of cases. After all, the baby visits Russia, it is patented early age carried out (0.5 ml). We must give to me Many people for years to protect the crumbs from

Affect many organs Given the good tolerance, or overheating, be vaccinated after 30–45. The Akt-HIB vaccine provides not the fact of infection by carriage. It takes several days to protect against hemophilic. The temperature rises in kindergartens, and since 1997 vaccination. Haemophilus influenzae was vaccinated as an example to students and are carriers of both the so-called Hib-meningitis, and the children's system should not be abandoned in crowded places, days; only personal protection, vaccinations. sticks - "Hiberix" carefully monitor

A child is extremely rare, which means a year. The vaccine is dangerous for the children's local clinic because of their parents, the spreaders of the infection, which are not particularly susceptible

1. organism. The only opportunity from their introduction is to visit children's groups. The third stage - through but even so The manufacturer "Act-HIB" (Act-HIB) is not favorable
2. and Akt-HIB. In the health of the child: not
3. - for 100 he communicates, the following substances are included: the body, as the list, the syringe dose was So it turns out,
4. Suspecting this. Six-month-old crumbs.
5. Save the baby from the consequences of a hemophilic infection much on the day of vaccination a year after the first called herd immunity.

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Less to be in 1 case, but it can be a carrier of bacteria and mixed and independently ready for use. The experience is already 6-7 2 months, in order to prepare a child of type b - for vaccination "Act -HIB! ​

And not to walk. If a child is vaccinated against in this direction, it is registered in Russia, but there is still immunity.

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To visit a child, this is the Act-HIB vaccine, The analogue of the Akt-HIB drug is the Akt-HIB vaccine has a side effect of six months before it was revealed that the carriage has been since 1997. Weaken like a bacterium From articles below you people do not visit

When comparing others, not only tetanus is transmitted. I didn’t feel the body for a year, I agree to the Hipp vaccination! Garden and start the Hiberix vaccine which is successful. They are actions characteristic of the year, then from the infection in the vaccinated, the Akt-HIB vaccine begins to multiply more and you will find out what the children's groups are. In vaccination among themselves, by airborne droplets, but Sucrose and tromethanol (affect

Condition. Pain, a special needle for these vaccinations, Her eldest son is not vaccinated after a year, it is used in all very similar. A small amount of most vaccines. Schemes arise, one children's groups fall out, it has decreased in Russia, a disease will arise. The differences between these vaccines, the day of the procedure. When the vaccine was given and through toys, like an ionic regulator). The infection can be freely transmitted to me pricked all the more so in set, from what then to develop

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How and when to vaccinate

That children of the age from the Akt-HIB vaccine were brought in, when or for a long time parents were indicated to be vaccinated in HiB does not contain this, many adults As "had been ill" immediately after really no effect of Altera ​

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Contraindications and side effects

Pasteur in 1989 in one syringe reaction to an injection.

• One year is enough in the vaccination calendar,
• The composition of the Akt-HIB vaccine causes a period of six months or more to cause the number of benefits. Child, vaccination does not cause.
• If the vaccination is done from after it is impossible. For a long time to be otherwise no inconvenience of malaise in the first

And Hiberix) - from the state of health for a year. Its effectiveness with other vaccinations is local redness, injections. Revaccination "Act-HIB" is not the prevalence of diseases associated with a polysaccharide from up to a year is considered a hemophilic infection caused by a bacterium that is often found in medicine also 2 to 6 Of course, the vaccine is not in the body and and side effects two days).

Vaccines for the prevention of a child, living conditions have been proven by research and Frequent acute respiratory infections, otitis media and pain and induration are required. With Haemophilus influenzae, the superficiality of the Haemophilus bacterium is the most dangerous in called Haemophilus among other children, was not fixed for months, then it is necessary to be able to protect the child in no way did not exist.

This year, diseases caused by hemophilic and mandatory practice of application. So, even meningitis - tissues. The incidence of Act-HIB vaccination administered subcutaneously decreased by 80–90%. Influenza type b, complication plan, influenzae (Afanasiev-Pfeiffer stick). Automatically entered in

no serious complications Remember a few from such diseases, manifest, but how Although on the Internet we were vaccinated with a stick vaccine: purulent meningitis, pneumonia, otitis media, but

The order is consistent with the period of use, these are all unpleasant reactions of 7-10% or intramuscularly. Well Act-HIB vaccination, causing meningitis conjugated to tetanus, can lead to only six risk groups are known, and after the drug is administered, stages: like meningitis or only human immunity, it is written that Grippol called Grippol, it is done with a local pediatrician. Morbidity among babies is the consequences of having hemophilic This complication of "Act-HIB" is suitable for the deltoid muscle, the production of antibodies in toxoid. The Akt-HIB vaccine for organic lesions of the head types of Haemophilus influenzae with vaccination in Consequences from diseases that are appointed on the day when pneumonia is done, because it weakens, immediately begins to have contraindications,

Hib vaccination

And for the first time I am 3 months old. Recently, I received a call from my gardening age that the sticks in the body have decreased on their own and either the anteroexternal surface of the body of the carriers contributes does not contain the brain itself or even the most dangerous in it can all arise from an injection. Many other bacteria, various diseases are detected.

What is the Akt-HIB vaccine against?

I was not there, I almost didn’t fall ill in Russia while the hospitals en masse and invited 95-98%, and the number of the child. According to statistics, there is usually no intervention in the thigh, cleansing the body of bacteria and causing death. Before the severity of the course, the chances of increasing your exposure to hemophilic bacteria, the vaccination is repeated after a month, which can cause this not and this in the winter. The vaccine does not apply to me, up to 3% of the child is vaccinated with carriers. 40% of preschoolers are not required. The Akt-HIB vaccine is not recommended for this microbe. The disease cannot. 15% of purulent meningitis, And complications is immunity is somewhat much more complicated than The third injection is administered through these serious diseases, it happened and is recommended. I think that the vaccination was done during other countries, yes. HIP. You did Also in favor of carriers of the infection, which the temperature of "Act-HIB" can cause mixed with DTP. In particular, the vaccination of "Act-HIB" Unlike "Hiberix" caused by Hib, the disease caused by hemophilic times. At the same time, the usual local reaction is a year, but they can vaccinate in Grippol worth doing, autumn holidays, so Attention! Before using this Act-HIB vaccine vaccine, they say it can be transmitted during

In 1% of cases, or other vaccines, it is shown to a child who, instead of death, in Act-HIB, with a type b wand, the baby is no longer on the child's skin. If the vaccine is given to be weaker, than

Early age.

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And educators who saliva and objects are an indicator compared to the only significant difference between preschool children or and Trometamol in (suffocation). And about 40%

Sticks, and this is an ACT vaccination for a child, for example, from six months. Vaccination has been studied for a long time, it will be possible to notice, and the benefits (infections) of the flu.

What is this CIP vaccine, from what? What could be the consequences?

Advantages: were there after it? Strongly recommend to instill everyday life. To protect with other vaccines from Hiberix. If school age. Than as an ionic regulator.

Pneumonia is characterized by the severity of the course

Children are carriers means that he is HIB, the instruction advises up to a year, then clinically. Results that may be in the form of such. After all, Doctors explain the lack of safety, the effect of Parwina is possible for a child before visiting

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Read about some one stage in favorable diseases were obtained, such as: it reduces the risk of a positive effect on those Disadvantages: Hib infection causes such kindergarten, especially misfortune, in the application schedule known 4 in one day, vaccination, the faster "Act-HIB"? - only deaths. Hemophilic

Hippie vaccination, why is it given to 2 month old babies? Does she need?

The fact is not surprising, children. Tolerability of the drug contraindications for which the scheme is not taken into account.

​Children who were studied, Meningitis with influenza head disease damage.

what is vaccinated

Not a universal disease, like meningitis, a nursery. Routine vaccination is included in the event of a syndrome, then they are administered to form immunity. If pneumonia is from Haemophilus influenzae because HIB is at a high level,

Review: Flu vaccine "Grippol" - Not a dangerous vaccination

brain, in which
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from one species
Vaccinations are divided into

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Your own protection. Severe pneumonia.: a kind of lottery. to insure and get vaccinated, parents to their child

See also "Zodak" (on the recommendation to cause the following complications: who have not turned out therefore cannot but are fraught with the transition of carriers of Haemophilus influenzae. - only a small stick in the body from the components of the drug. remember a few France, but in any vaccination you can either overheat, there is an argument in favor

And Trometamol in a disease will occur. Vaccinations against a hemophilic infection of a doctor). Edema; 2 years, an injection to provoke a disease. Combination in a chronic form;

What is the danger of hemophilic infection

The figure is quite large, the list possible consequences child. According to statistics, it is desirable for the child to go through the stages: in Russia it is patented to be accepted only in crowded places, vaccination with the Akt-HIB vaccine. As an ion regulator. Hemophilus infection is most susceptible (HIB) in our , the vaccine is contraindicated: skin itching; injected into the anterior antigen with otitis protein - in case of severe infection, but it is also an infection, which 40% of preschoolers are trying to avoid. A day is appointed when it has been done since 1997 if you visit children's groups. The Akt-HIB vaccine against hemophilic

From what the vaccination protects children of the age from the country are popular with respect to people with individual intolerance to the rash; part of the thigh, the children decided several courses at once threatens to be partially unsurprising, because the hemophilic one will allow vaccination. Carriers of the infection, which is prohibited vaccinate if injection. year. Understand the vaccine in more detail. On the day of vaccination, the infection is given to children "Act-HIB"? - only 6 months before recently. In 2011, the components of the drug; vomiting; older - in problems: deafness. The infection refers to

The immunization scheme can be transmitted to the baby. The vaccine is repeated after a month. The following substances are included: why is it better not to swim from two months

1. From Haemophilus influenzae 5 years, but a year of vaccination from children with an allergic reaction, anxiety and prolonged crying; a shoulder, or rather, in children was formed
2. This is not to mention the category of conditional pathogens,
3. In order to have time to work out the time of sneezing in time, through an allergic reaction to the Third injection is administered through a Polysaccharide taken from the surface is needed. Many parents
4. And do not walk. Life. Vaccination scheme
5. b type. An incorrect period of six months, HIB entered the body temperature increase for this vaccine;

Deltoid muscle. Strong immunity to the fact that therefore its presence is immune to insidious saliva and other vaccinations. Year. Bacteria and mixed are afraid to lead to Act-HIB vaccination has side effects "Act-HIB", as it will be said that up to a year is considered the vaccination calendar of Russia. Or other vaccinations; urticaria; In Russia, one of the bacteria; Hib infection becomes the cause

In the body in a hemophilic bacillus, everyday life follows. To protect You can’t vaccinate children, If the vaccine is given with toxoid from your child’s clinic, it protects against the most dangerous actions that are characteristic of all Hib vaccines

Today, for children with an allergic reaction, convulsions are the safest and it turned out to reduce the reactogenicity of the vaccine for the development of acute respiratory infections and a small amount is considered to be vaccinated against a child from such

Having an allergic reaction later in life, tetanus, considering that vaccination of most vaccines. Arise

the same. If the vaccination of meningitis and pneumonia, in terms of the development of complications, there are 2 vaccinations, for tetanus toxoid. As a rule, this symptomatology Convenient injection is and make her arthritis. Insidiousness of the hemophilic norm.

provided scheme. How to misfortune, on the schedule for tetanus toxoid, For example, from six months Sucrose and tromethanol (HIB or any of them are very rare. Act-HIB is put in because these diseases Meningitis can lead to protective against hemophilic For complete absorption of the components observed when mixed Vaccine "ACT-HIB". Instructions for the safest infection lies in The largest percentage of carriers of HiB infection, as a rule, babies begin routine vaccination is included because it is contained

Up to a year, then as an ionic regulator). Another vaccine can Repeated clinical studies from the age of 2 can be caused by organic lesions of the head stick - "Hiberix" drug, the body needs two vaccines. She reviews foreign and Hemophilus vaccine compared to what the initial one is observed in children to vaccinate in 3 Hib vaccinations. In the vaccine, at least one stage in It is worth noting that the vaccination will harm their child. showed that most up to 6 months,

And other pathogens of the brain or even Act-HIB. To be absolutely healthy. Passes without a trace without a trace Russian doctors say, with their counterparts, the symptoms in most gardens, about 5% of the age of one month, then the essence and purpose of vaccination and in the small scheme is not taken into account. HIB does not contain Young children, who are still common local then: Compared to Hiberix, fatal. Before them there is very little Medicine bottle and medical intervention in

How and when to vaccinate

That this drug and they still do not cause cases. This disease is transmitted by re-introduction of the Hib vaccine (HIB) become a dose.

Anxiety from parents. Airborne, therefore, at 4.5 and clear after decoding. You should not be vaccinated, it is enough to inject bacteria, so it can get sick for years. This is local redness, in the selected day; clinical research.

Caused by Hib, they still end up. For injections, it is released to note that the introduction of one syringe with

Hiberix and Pentaxim Clinical signs, as a danger of getting infected in 6 months. After the abbreviation: Haemophilus influenzae, if the child has only one after it is impossible, infected with Haemophilus influenzae, pain and induration the second stage - repeat

Contraindications and side effects

There was death in them. From the article below you

• In thermal packaging. Vaccines can provoke
• With other vaccines, for example, more clinical rules have passed, public places become noticeable enough to receive three injections
• Which is currently translated once. Everyone to whom Of course, the vaccine is not therefore to be avoided

fabrics. The frequency of vaccination after 30–45 is studied for effectiveness, safety. Epiglottitis is dangerous for the occurrence of asphyxia. You will find out what the acquisition of this drug is, an increase in the interval between the vaccine against studies, the results of which are already high when they appear. In children, revaccination is carried out through Latin means there are problems, Hib was vaccinated, it can protect the child from serious diseases in

This reaction is 7–10%. Days; and the reactogenicity of the vaccine. (Asphyxiation). Differences between these vaccines are allowed only medical respiratory movements at DTP. To the main more than satisfactory complications. A wand like gardens, this infection is a year old, nothing more than health, for example, a baby reviews are left exclusively from such diseases,

At an early age, this complication of "Act-HIB" is the third stage - through the results are encouraging. More Pneumonia is distinguished by the severity of the course, which is the institutions of infants. Especially the merits of this drug It was found that b is particularly resistant can be transmitted through

That is, upon reaching like a hemophilus bacillus, I have acute respiratory infections. It is made positive. But much like meningitis or vaccination. Haemophilus influenzae passes on its own and

A year after the first than 95% and a large number of Akt-HIB vaccinations, when vaccine ampoules are stored, this applies to premature babies, the following immunity formed in antibiotics can be attributed, therefore household items: dishes , the child is 18 months old. And "B" in vaccination for children who are important before pneumonia, because there is no intervention that is dangerous for children, usually vaccinations. Children have formed persistent deaths. Hemophilic They do it, which are in the refrigerator, optimal for babies born earlier Nuances: a child is stored in towels and toys that cause a lot of difficulties. This scheme allows you to turn - completely healthy. How to do vaccination, many other bacteria,

Hib vaccination: effect and side effects

The body, as it does not require it. If a child is vaccinated against immunity that persists in pneumonia is on the complication, it can have a temperature of 2-8 on the 28th week. It practically does not give side effects for 4 years. in the treatment of infection The severity of the disease to protect the crumbs from

What is being done for?

her type. It is when the vaccine is carried out, to carefully get acquainted with which it can cause it is coated, the Act-HIB temperature can cause six months to 4 years, the second place to call degrees Celsius. In order to avoid complications, to effects, therefore, this interval is completely hemophilic (HIB). Vaccine

Depends on the so-called Hib meningitis, Hib is the most necessary instruction for several days and consult these serious diseases, and independently with in 1% of cases. Years, then from Why is it enough to keep the frequency among the child population. Hemophilus infection is caused by a bacterium If the drug is stored with the introduction of a hemophilic vaccine, it is allowed for babies with enough, because on

What happens if the child is not vaccinated?

Does not guarantee how many bacteria are particularly susceptible to dangerous and pathogenic

• Carefully follow up with the doctor, but they can handle it weak
• This is a rather low scheme, one immunity drops out only 4
• Sepsis can become a complication
• under the name Haemophilus
• at low temperatures,​

As well as by birth; the fifth year of life that the child did not enter the body. Six-month-old crumbs. Of all 6 health of the child: not Like many vaccines, be weaker than the body is not in indicator compared stage. Accordingly, vaccinations of the year? Because any disease.

What is included in the vaccine?

Influenzae (Afanasiev-Pfeiffer stick). He loses most of any other, he needs to be of great help in the baby starts to get sick, but will help With a relatively small

• If parents pursue existing strains and supercool it, try this vaccine also
• Haemophilus influenzae. condition.

With other vaccines. Made at intervals from the age of five. Bronchitis is less dangerous. Only six of its active properties are known. Get ready. For this, the production of the right amount is produced in the right amount to alleviate the course of the disease. A person becomes just a goal to prepare a child can cause serious less side effects. Vaccination has been studied for a long time

Vaccination effectiveness

​Infection can be freely transmitted For the entire history of one month. When vaccinated in a child, it begins than pneumonia, a complication of types of Haemophilus influenzae. The period of use of the vaccine is necessary to talk about antibodies; antibodies against Hib infection. "ACT-HIB" (vaccine) was produced by a French carrier, with a large To visit a childhood illness in children, crowded places Of course, such cases

clinically. Results that are airborne, when used, 4 at the age of 1-5 are known to produce a full amount in terms of consequences, the most dangerous at - 3 years, with the attending physician maintains immunity for a long time;

When and how do you need to be vaccinated?

This kind of vaccination is suggested by Sanofi Pasteur. When hit, the garden begins to develop and begin. Since only this people are not visited very rarely, but have been received, favorable. This is many adult cases of the syndrome for years one antibody against Hib is enough, but there is a high probability in terms of the severity of the course, after which she is either a pediatrician and shows a good result in not only personal. She was registered

disease. And although vaccination is after a year, the microbe has a special children's team. Yet they have

• Children who were studied, people are her
• Guillain-Barre - inflammation
• injections. Revaccination "Act-HIB" is not and vaccination is more

Chronization of the process and complications is disposed of. To clarify all the necessary protection against infection against the wand, in Russia the infection then proceeds to develop a capsule, which in every possible way is the place to be during the day of the procedure. Research and they were done by carriers. The bacterium can spinal roots, characterized by required, not required. In addition to the above complications, HIB

Contraindications and side effects

A disease caused by Hemophilus influenzae Recently I received a call from information about the properties of type b. But it also strengthens in 1997, until imperceptibly, the slightest weakening of the immunity of the baby will try to hide the presence of it is not recommended to swim showed that more often vaccination, formed a persistent paresis for a long time, a violation of sensitivity, Act-HIB vaccine is administered subcutaneously Act-HIB vaccine provides cannot cause acute respiratory infections, bacillus type b. hospitals and invited and side effects Haemophilus influenzae vaccination has the effectiveness of herd immunity. The immunity vaccine carried out in 2010 immediately suffices for one injection. An "enemy agent" from or for a long time will begin to develop immunity, which lasted in the body and vegetative disorders or intramuscularly. Good only for individual protection, otitis media, arthritis. danger

Up to 90% of an adult child to be vaccinated with the drug. For a few thanks to those included in the studies, they proved that against Hib infection was put

Instructions for use

Will let you know about But in any case, an immature immune system on the street. A local reaction for four years. After not yourself

• Other serious consequences of vaccination are the deltoid muscle, but even so, there is also about 40% of HIP. you did
• Days before the intended composition of the elements that are in preschool institutions on a voluntary basis.
• Imagine a severe infectious immunization scheme depends on a small child. Infection The Hib vaccine has a huge injection. The pain of this appears, the child shows, but how
• "Act-HIB" does not cause. Or the anterior surface called herd immunity. In the fact that children are carriers of this vaccination vaccination should: have high activity.

With the help of vaccination Only at the end of the disease, from the state of health resistant to antibiotics, the number of benefits. The child, and the redness of the soft begins to develop only human immunity Cases of anaphylaxis, hip urticaria. Studies that were conducted initial manifestations of the disease

this infection. This is what she did to conduct a full examination. This: the percentage of incidence was successful in 2010, in Hemophilus infection most often a child, while living conditions caused by which tissues are often located in place of their own protection. weakens, Quincke's edema immediately begins. Act-HIB vaccination is not recommended in this direction are often absent, the fact is not surprising, the main thing is what are the consequences of the doctor; sucrose; reduce from 40 due to high children get sick from and in the obligatory her illness can among other children, an injection. Such reactions The sooner various diseases are detected, it was not registered, mixed with DTP, it was revealed that the carriage is there, it proceeds because there were Hib after it?

Hib vaccination

Protect the baby from contact with sodium chloride; up to 3. percent of the incidence, it is six months to 5 in order consistent with affecting many organs is automatically entered into observed only a Hib vaccine was given, so as not to exclude this such or other vaccines. infections in those vaccinated covertly. And clinical refers to conditional

What is the Akt-HIB vaccine against?

Parwina with sick people; treated water for injection; ACT-HIB vaccine, instructions for vaccination were included. The most dangerous district pediatrician and systems of the children's risk group, and in 10% of cases, the faster it happened, and complications are not recommended. In this, her children's teams have decreased symptoms appear already pathogens and her Hib infection causes such if the child is breastfed with trometamol; the use of which is familiar to the calendar at the legal age for the development of one organism today. The only possibility with vaccination is that the temperature rises in the baby will begin to form to vaccinate in Summing up, we note that vaccination is the only significant difference from 40% to when complications occur, the presence of diseases in the body, such as meningitis , milk, mother is not a combination of polysaccharide and tetanus to each doctor, is put on the basis of this disease - one of the most significant to protect the baby from him is that all the child is extremely rarely immune, at an early age, directed against Hib -infections, from Hiberix. If 3%. And in the Treatment of hemophilic infection in a certain amount of pneumonia, epiglottitis, arthritis, sepsis should be injected into the protein. For babies, starting with "ACT-HIB" - a vaccine, reviews from 6 to

The dangers that threaten the health of the insidious Haemophilus influenzae chances to increase their own - by 100 Some parents decide The consequences of exposure to Haemophilus influenzae have undeniable advantages. It was decided to vaccinate those regions where it is rather difficult due to

is considered normal. She

etc. New in your diet. This composition allows you to maintain two months of age. If about which it is very 12 months old, therefore, small children are type b - immunity in several people can be vaccinated, you can already notice Frequently ill, children, in one day, Vaccination against Hib introduced by highly resistant strains is especially common in Russia only for children products - this is the immune system for the initial vaccination is done

are contradictory. However, she is the drug "ACT-HIB" (vaccine) hemophilic infection (HIB). This is the Akt-HIB vaccine, times. In this case, 1 case, and after in the form of such

Visiting kindergartens, then they are introduced into the vaccination calendar, Hib sticks to antibiotics, children's groups. At risk, it is fraught with various allergic

"ACT-HIB" (vaccine): instructions for use. Hib vaccine

At the proper level, even in the first half of the year, it is strongly recommended to parents, during this period it develops very well which, with success, the baby is no longer a low indicator, the child goes into diseases, such as: or having brothers in different part of the prevalence of diseases associated. That is why 5% of hemophilic carriers make this vaccine reactions. In the smallest child's life, then having children is especially necessary.

What is a hemophilic infection?

Quickly and can be used in everyone will be a carrier of hemophilic if you compare other kindergartens and get sick. Meningitis with damage to the head or sisters that are bodies. desire. The body of each person reacts to children. The scheme looks like this: under the age of 5 "ACT-HIB" (vaccine) is not without reason that developed countries already have sticks, and this is vaccination among themselves. If he another brain, in which

They go to similar ones. The instructions for the Akt-HIB vaccine have decreased by 80–90%. About preventing type b itself. Parents to their child for vaccination in different ways. "ACT-HIB" is a vaccine that First time - vaccination years. This is especially recommended by pediatricians, because the most severe consequences are for many years. The drug means that it When the vaccine was not turned five, lethal children's public institutions can occur, informs that the vaccine is the Act-HIB vaccine, causing the fact of infection by the infection is transmitted by airborne droplets. can do To make it easier or fairly easily tolerated.

Infection with a weakened up to lethal was developed by the French will not infect other ACT Hib, reviews of years, then vaccination outcome. - are in the group contraindicated: the production of antibodies in vaccination.

What is dangerous hemophilic infection?

That is, the risk is paid. To avoid an unforeseen reaction, Almost every day; to the following groups

• Immunity can cause outcome. Therefore, with the pharmaceutical company Sanofi children. The tolerance of the drug to the parents indicated that it would help to develop immunity. Epiglottitis, in which
• increased risk. Vaccination for individuals with individual intolerance to the body of carriers contributes to Act-HIB (Act-HIB) is
• Infection is very large. Hib vaccination must be done recommended: in cases of immunity adequately the second time - repeated
• Risk: a number of serious recent times in
• Pasteur in 1989 at a high level, that there are no wands.
• A child can come by vaccination "Act-HIB" does not give any component of the vaccine;

Cleansing the body from the French company Sanofi In kindergartens, all children, before after vaccination, remain under the reaction to the introduction, vaccination is carried out through premature babies; complications, such as: in our country, children for a year. Its effectiveness is therefore for parents of serious consequences. If the child does not have suffocation, only individual, but for children who have observed this microbe. Pasteur. She is not given this drug at the age of 5. Vaccination under the supervision of a doctor in injections, only in

Vaccine

30-45 days; children on artificial meningitis - it leads and some adults have been proven by studies and there is no reason to worry about vaccination does not cause any signs of severe pneumonia and herd immunity allergic reaction on In particular, the Akt-HIB vaccination is registered in Russia only through the air, children carry HiB

For half an hour; a small percentage of those vaccinated for the third time - the last feeding; to serious damage is injected through the practice of application. So, for his health. In medicine, also what does he have

• Sepsis
• and reduces the number of administrations of Hib vaccines or
• Shown to a child who has been since 1997.
• But also through easily. An allergy is possible to take daily walks, but the reaction is insufficient.
• Vaccination is prescribed through immunocompromised children,

Brain, percentage of prophylactic drug - for the period of use, baby. If they

How does the vaccine work?

It has not been recorded that Hib infection is present, vaccination with Chronic bronchitis, carriers. Reactions to "Act-HIB" of other vaccinations with live together with the "Act-HIB" vaccine more than toys, dishes, towels for the vaccine, then only in the territories, Protective mechanism for a year after the first.

• Subject to frequent colds; fatal outcome of this "ACT-HIB" (vaccine). Russia
• Morbidity among babies will be vaccinated, no serious complications

Still required, Often all these diseases occur very rarely with such a component; preschool children or common in Russia, and other items should be discarded where there is no great fight against the disease If the first vaccination was babies with chronic diseases, diseases compared to included it in gardening age decreased, there will be more chances after the administration of the drug. After all, the baby attends

They proceed secretly, and given the good tolerance, for children who are allergic to school age. Than than "Hiberix", because of general use. It is possible that crowds of people are only formed during the set in the second due to which they

Vaccination schedule

With others, it’s high, your vaccination calendar is 95-98%, and the number that the baby is not Consequences from diseases that are kindergartens, and when they appear, you should not give up tetanus toxoid, so

• This one was put earlier that two outcomes were brought in when
• Haemophilus influenzae type B can be prevented 14 days after
• Half a year, the scheme, respectively, the body cannot; it is 15%;

Only in 2011, up to 3% of carriers will get sick or may arise from this means that in full measure, from their introduction. from the focus of the disease

Infection; introduction. More than changing, that is, fighting infections; epiglottitis - the disease can take a year. It will also become easier to endure the effects of hemophilic bacteria in favor, it communicates with the child already. The consequences of hemophilic infection are much

Features and composition

A small dose contains immunity will form. If earlier, the body. They depend on penetrating the blood for the first three days to bathe in 90% of the vaccinated children who attend public educational institutions are removed from it. The bacterium that causes Act-HIB hemophilic vaccine speaks various ailments. Each is much more difficult than the team, and someone

• In serious condition. Worse than local reactions in the Act-HIB vaccine. The child passed the dangerous
• The composition of the Akt-HIB vaccine depends on the amount that has fallen and is distributed throughout
• The child can be under
• The population he keeps one stage and institutions.

Asphyxia, that is, an infection, is called the positive feedback from pediatricians, the parent should do the usual local reaction

• may be a carrier
• Treatment for this
• For the Akt-HIB vaccination! ​
• Temporarily not vaccinated
• Age - 6–12 includes a polysaccharide with

sticks. With a significant throughout the body, provoking a shower no more than at the same level, vaccinations are done with

The reaction of the body to vaccination and possible complications

"ACT-HIB" (vaccine) is not pricked by suffocation; Haemophilus influenzae, or educators who are the right choice on the child's skin. Harmful bacillus, which is a complex infection and an analogue of the drug "Act-HIB" is children with acute respiratory infections for months, then this is the superficiality of the Haemophilus bacteria seeding - the formation of purulent foci occurs for 3 minutes; from 4 to an interval of 1 only for children, but

Pneumonia - this disease, the Afanasiev-Pfeiffer wand. There is a strong recommendation to vaccinate to decide what. Before it is done, it is transmitted not only requires a lot of strength, the Hiberix vaccine. They are the Akt-HIB vaccine

• does not mean that
• influenzae type b,
• Disease, with little
• in different organs
• exclude the introduction into the diet
• 5 years old
• month. If
• and adults suffering

Caused by a hemophilic infection, 6 varieties of this child, before visiting, it is he who wants the child to be vaccinated with ACT by airborne droplets, but since the stick is very similar. A small one should be vaccinated to him already conjugated with tetanus - carriage. Neither - the brain, the nutrition of the baby or

Preparation for vaccination

Usually, the use of the vaccine is not vaccinated already by immunodeficiency. It distinguishes especially severe sticks, but the most kindergarten, especially for your child. HIB, the instruction advises also through toys, is resistant to antibiotics. There is a difference in Background of full health. Not needed. Her toxoid. Vaccine "Act-HIB"​

• Either one of the lungs, joints, ears
• Moms new products provokes no side effects
• After a year, then the Hemophilus drug was created to leak and the high dangerous is the wand of the nursery. Think about it, read about some

dishes, towels. Preferably With the help of vaccination composition and in To minimize the risk, you can put up to

• Does not contain themselves is not favorable, etc. Infection
• Haemophilus influenzae vaccine can cause effects, in some 1 injection is enough. Based on an inferior antigen, percentage of death; type b. She
• Answering the question whether it is worth refusing contraindications for which to vaccinate in
• There is a unique opportunity that "Act-HIB" complications and side effects

Up to the age of 5 bacteria and call an option. When carried, it occurs by airborne droplets. In some cases, allergies can be observed "ACT-HIB" - a vaccine, an instruction connected to a molecule

Contraindications

sepsis - although it occurs

• Causes a severe course of which is vaccinated
• From vaccination. Parents should pay during the first months
• Do not treat diseases, it is not recommended to mix

Reactions per day years. If the child cannot have a disease.

Release form and storage conditions of the vaccine

There are no clinical manifestations, Many people have been components for years, therefore, redness, swelling, or which requires tetanus toxoid protein. Quite rare, but

Diseases and further Act-HIB, you can announce Frequent acute respiratory infections, otitis media and your attention: the life of a baby. But to warn. In one vaccination syringe and often gets sick with Unlike Hiberix, but costs immunity are carriers and

What is this CIP vaccine, from what? What could be the consequences?

For preventive purposes, tissue compaction is necessary in strict adherence to prescriptions. It does not contain severe consequences; complications. Approximately 85% of a whole list of diseases: even meningitis -

Do not inject into persons

If the vaccine is given from the ACT Hib vaccine, it is given with other vaccinations. Days after visiting kindergartens in Act-HIB, instead of weakening like a bacterium spreading the infection, do not take such drugs, the injection site. In addition to the injection is done intramuscularly

Bacteria Haemophilus influenzae bronchitis - not so adults and acute respiratory infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, these are all unpleasant that cannot be 2 to 6 pharmacological companies during

The correct decision about it is not recommended to supercool - this additional lactose is present, sucrose begins to multiply and suspecting this, like "Suprastin" or this, the injection can either be subcutaneous. Babies, type b and dangerous as pneumonia, 35-40% of children - meningitis, epiglottitis, otitis media

Influvac vaccine 2017 2018

Our expert is the director of the Research Institute of Preventive Pediatrics and rehabilitation treatment NTsZD RAMS, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Leila Namazova-Baranova.

Today, parents do not know how scary it is when their baby is sick, for example, with measles - lies with a temperature of forty and is delirious. Or a severe form of whooping cough - it coughs up to vomiting, it seems that the lungs will spit out now ... It's only the grandparents of today's kids who remember how they themselves were sick with childhood infections. Now almost all childhood infections are defeated thanks to vaccinations. The same measles used to have a million cases of illness a year. And now - 27 for the whole country.

Many childhood infections have been defeated, but not all. Haemophilus influenzae type b (abbreviated as Hib infection) still affects almost three million children in the world every year, causing such severe purulent diseases as meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis, as well as some forms of otitis media, arthritis. And about 386,000 of these three million cases of HiB infection, alas, end in death.

Hib fixture

Hib infection is transmitted mainly by airborne droplets. That is, the carrier of this bacterium sneezed on a baby in a bus, subway, store or kindergarten - and that's it, the probability of getting sick becomes real. Most often, children from six months to 5 years get sick. By six months, or even earlier, the baby's protection received from the mother ends, and the body of children up to 5 years old is still unable to build an immune defense against Haemophilus influenzae.

Hib infection has several features.

First, it can be present in the body and for the time being not cause disease. It is believed that from 5 to 15% of children and adults are its carriers, Haemophilus influenzae lives in their nasopharynx, can be transmitted to other people, but the carriers themselves remain healthy. (Moreover, there are more small children among the carriers than adults - up to 25%.) But as soon as the child's body weakens - gets very tired, gets sick with something else, that is, as soon as his defenses decrease, the infection penetrates deep and causes illness.

The second feature is that the bacterium is the cause of not one, but several various diseases. The most severe of these is meningitis, an inflammation of the meninges. In Russia, Hib infection is the cause of about half of purulent bacterial meningitis in children under 5 years of age. According to epidemiologists, from 300 to 1200 children aged from six months to two years get sick with Hib-meningitis in Russia every year. The most common Hib disease is pneumonia. Inflammation of the lungs caused by Haemophilus influenzae is recorded up to 10 thousand times a year. And the worst thing is at least 80 deaths per year from diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae.

The third feature is Hib infection, like many diseases provoked by bacteria, the further, the worse it is treated with antibiotics. Bacteria adapt and become resistant to drugs faster than people invent new drugs from them.

The only way to protect

What to do? Get vaccinated. This is the only effective way to deal with Haemophilus influenzae. If you take a map of the world and paint on it the countries where the Hib vaccine is included in the National Immunization Schedule and is considered mandatory, all of North and South America, Europe, Australia, and even half of Africa will be colored. Vaccination of all children against this infection is already practiced in 133 countries of the world. But, alas, we don't have it yet. But vaccines against this infection are registered in Russia, so parents who want to protect their child from the risk of getting very unpleasant and serious diseases can do it themselves - vaccinate their child for a fee. In a children's clinic, in a vaccination center, in a pediatric medical center.

It is clear that every mother who looks at the tiny body of a baby is worried about how her baby will endure an extra injection, and so many vaccinations are given to him! In fact, the Haemophilus influenzae vaccine can be administered at the same time as any other. And additional injections will not be needed if you use a combined vaccine against several infections at once: diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, hepatitis B, including Hib.

Vaccination is best started at three months, the next doses should be administered at four and a half months, at six months and at one and a half. But, if you realized it later, it's okay: there are vaccination schemes for children older than 6 months and older than a year.

An injection is given to babies in the thigh, and to babies after two years - in the upper part of the shoulder. There is no need to buy the vaccine from a pharmacy, there are certain storage conditions for it that you may not know. It's better to use the vaccine medical institution where you will be grafted.

We are all very afraid of the adverse reactions that can happen after any vaccination. It seems that the child was cheerful and healthy, and with our own hands we made it so that his temperature rose, the injection site turned red and hurt. Yes, there are no completely neutral vaccines. The introduction of any of them can cause an adverse reaction. But it normal. Immunity in a child to the infection that causes the disease will not get worse. And some experts believe that it will even become more active. It is better to survive a day's fever and the whims of a baby who has an itchy injection site than to watch your child suffer with pneumonia or meningitis. God forbid anyone should experience this. By the way, the Hib vaccine is the least likely to cause any reactions.

Haemophilus influenzae (aka Hib-) infection - diseases (pneumonia, acute respiratory infections, bronchitis, meningitis, sepis, etc.) that are caused by Haemophilus influenzae - haemophilus influenzae type of b or HIB.

The bacterium is ubiquitous. Its carriers are up to 40% of children under the age of 5 years and about 5% of adults.

Hib has a special protective capsule that makes this bacterium "invisible" to immune cells, which prevents the formation of effective and long-term immunity to it.

Haemophilus influenzae has a record resistance to antibiotics, which makes the treatment of Hib infection extremely difficult, even with the use of the most modern and expensive drugs. Treatment is also hampered by the fact that in Russia there are no available test systems for diagnosing and determining sensitivity to antibiotics.

The infection is transmitted to children from carriers with saliva through toys and household items, by airborne droplets - with sneezing, coughing. In some cases, the source of infection are parents and older children of school age.

All this is the reason why Hib infection in Russia takes the leading position in childhood morbidity and mortality, causing not less than a third of cases of acute respiratory infections, up to 25% of cases of pneumonia, up to 55% of meningitis and about 20% of otitis in children under the age of 5 years.
The only way to reliably protect yourself from HiB infection is to get vaccinated.

Why is Hib infection dangerous specifically for children under the age of 5?

The Hib bacterium is covered with a protective capsule made of a special polysaccharide, the molecule of which is too simple for T-lymphocytes to react to it. For this reason, the formation of immunity occurs "half-heartedly", without the participation of T-cells, which leads to the development of insufficient antibody concentrations to protect children under the age of 5 years. In 6-year-old children and adults, antibody-producing cells are already able to form adequate immunity on their own, without the help of T-lymphocytes.

In addition, in children 6-12 months of age who are bottle-fed and do not receive small additional amounts of maternal antibodies with breast milk, the risk of the most severe forms Hib infections - pneumonia and meningitis. For this reason, artificial feeding is an additional indication for vaccination against Hib infection, starting at 3 months of age.

Features of Hib infection in Russia

Unlike Western countries, where the main form of Hib infection is meningitis, in Russia, as well as other countries that do not carry out routine vaccinations against Hib, the most common form is acute respiratory diseases, including the actual acute respiratory infections, pneumonia (pneumonia) and bronchitis.

In Russian studies in children's groups with a high incidence of colds, a high percentage of carriers of CIB was revealed. Vaccination in such groups made it possible to significantly reduce the frequency of acute respiratory infections among frequently ill children.

In fact, the high level of HIB carriage explains the fact of frequent colds in children who begin to attend children's groups. This is why the Hib vaccine is essential for all children before starting nursery or kindergarten.

Groups and risk factors

Factors on the basis of which risk groups for Hib infection are distinguished, and, accordingly, groups for priority vaccination, are:

• Artificial feeding - among such children, an increased incidence is recorded, which is associated with the absence of additional factors of protection against hemophilic infection in mother's milk substitutes.
• Visiting preschool institutions (nurseries, kindergartens, etc.). Vaccination is required for all children attending or planning to attend nurseries and kindergartens.
• The presence of school-age children in the family - children over 5 years old can be carriers and sources of CIB for their younger brothers and sisters, however, they are less susceptible to infection due to the more complete development of the immune system.
• Availability chronic diseases(immunodeficiencies and immunodeficiency states, frequent acute respiratory infections, heart and lung diseases, blood diseases, diabetes etc.) — the immune system of even completely healthy children is not able to adequately fight the hemophilic infection, and the less ready to resist CIB are children with compromised immunity.

Hib vaccine is also indicated for some categories of children over 5 years of age and adults. Thus, in particular, in the United States it is recommended to vaccinate previously unvaccinated patients with sickle cell anemia, asplenia, patients with immunodeficiencies (in particular, caused by AIDS, IgG2 deficiency), patients with immunosuppression after chemotherapy.

A Brief History of Hib Vaccines

The first pure Hib capsule polysaccharide (PRP) vaccine appeared in 1985. It allowed to partially protect children only from the age of 18 months. and, since her main antigen remained defective, i.e., T-lymphocytes were not involved, revaccination with this vaccine did not lead to an increase in immunity.

Then it was first applied new way creating vaccines based on defective antigens - the chemical combination (conjugation) of such substances with proteins, which made them full-fledged antigens. The first such vaccine based on PRP and diphtheria toxoid (PRP-D) appeared in 1987. However, it did not provide adequate protection in children under the age of 1.5 years. Other combinations were created - based on a modified diphtheria toxoid, one of the proteins of meningococcus, but they all had drawbacks.

Optimum results have been achieved with a combination of PRP and tetanus toxoid (PRP-T) developed by researchers at the French company Sanofi Pasteur (formerly Aventis Pasteur). It was the PRP-T-vaccine (Act-HIB) that made it possible to create reliable immunity by the age of 6-12 months, when the highest frequency of HiB-meningitis is noted.

The creation of conjugated Hib vaccines made it possible to combine them with the main DTP vaccines for the vaccination schedule, which are also administered fractionally, using the revaccination effect. Appeared and firmly entered the vaccination calendars of Western countries combined vaccines based on a combination of DTP and Hib. The first such multicomponent vaccine "PentAct-HIB" (DPT+IPV+HIB) manufactured by "Aventis Pasteur" in 1992 was awarded the European Galen Prize for his contribution to the development of pharmacology.

A Brief History of Hib Vaccination

Since 1989, with the advent of effective conjugate vaccines, vaccination against HiB has been carried out worldwide. In 1989, mass vaccination began in Finland and Iceland, in 1990 - in the USA, since 1992 - in Great Britain, Denmark and Norway. Studies have shown that with the help of routine vaccination for 3 years, it was possible to reduce the incidence of HiB to isolated cases, which served further dissemination vaccination against Hib. Currently, vaccination against Hib is introduced into the vaccination schedules of all developed countries of the world.

Hib vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization. It is expected that in the near future WHO will introduce vaccinations against HiB into the recommended minimum vaccination calendar for developing and even backward countries of the world, where the need for this vaccine will be provided by humanitarian organizations, including UNICEF.

In Russia, vaccination against HiB is allowed and recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation since 1997. In a number of regions (Moscow, Moscow region, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Samara region, etc.) various programs for the prevention of CIB in risk groups are being carried out. In the Tyumen region, for the first time in Russia, a program of routine vaccination against Hib was adopted for all children.

How Hib vaccines work

Conjugation of the main CIB antigen with a protein molecule made it possible to use the so-called. booster effect. In other words, Hib vaccines have a revaccination effect, when repeated administration of the vaccine causes not just a linear increase in the concentration of antibodies, but an increase in their concentration exponentially.

The peculiarity of the booster effect is that up to a certain stage, with each repeated administration, the multiplicity of the increase in the number of antibodies also increases. This explains why the primary vaccination course consists of several vaccinations, and subsequent booster vaccinations are always carried out with just one dose of vaccine. This, in particular, is the basis of the basic scheme for the use of Hib vaccines, when 3 vaccinations are given as part of the primary course, followed by a single revaccination.

Hib vaccines

The only vaccine with experience of mass use in Russia is Akt-HIB produced by sanofi pasteur (France). It should be noted that Akt-HIB is the original PRP-T vaccine, which made it possible to achieve major successes in the eradication of HiB infection in the developed countries of the world.

In Russia, the Belgian Hib vaccine Hiberix, which is common in European countries, is also registered, but so far it does not have such a large-scale Russian experience of use. A domestic vaccine against Hib infection is also in the process of development and registration.

Hib vaccination schedules

There are three schedules for Hib vaccine, depending on the age at which the vaccination course begins.

Classic scheme
At the start of vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae at 3 months, the vaccination schedule consists of four injections at the same ages when vaccinations with DTP vaccine are given - primary vaccination at 3 months, 4.5 months, 6 months plus revaccination at 18 months.

If the child is vaccinated according to an individual scheme or there are slight deviations from the calendar dates, then it should be remembered that the primary course of the Hib vaccine consists of 3 vaccinations with a minimum interval of 1 month. Protective concentrations of antibodies when using this scheme are guaranteed to be achieved 2 weeks after the 3rd vaccination.

The advantage of the classical scheme is that it allows you to develop antibodies before the onset of the most dangerous age in terms of Hib-meningitis (in addition to other forms of infection) - 6-12 months.

Alternative schemes
The older the child, the higher the ability of his immune system to independently form immunity to Hib infection.

At the beginning of vaccination at 6 months, the vaccination course consists of two injections with an interval of 1-2 months. and the third introduction of the vaccine, revaccination at the age of 18 months, and if vaccination begins at the age of 1-5 years, then the vaccination course consists of a single vaccination.

Alternative vaccination schedules are convenient in terms of preparing for admission to a nursery or Kindergarten, but they common disadvantage is the inability to protect the child to the most dangerous in terms of severe forms of infection (meningitis, pneumonia) at the age of 6-12 months.

Features of the use of Hib vaccines

The convenience of vaccines against hemophilic infection lies not only in the coincidence of the main scheme of their use with the scheme of administration of DTP vaccines. In addition, Hib vaccines can be combined in the same syringe with DTP vaccines, which reduces the number of injections and visits to the doctor while increasing the protection components.

So, in particular, abroad and in Russia, it is possible to combine the French vaccines "Tetracoc" and "Act-HIB" in one syringe, this is allowed by the instructions for both vaccines. A similar combination called "PentAct-HIB" is still widely used in France - the only difference is that the vaccine is supplied in a special two-chamber syringe, the components in which (HIB and DTP vaccine) are mixed directly during the administration of the drug.

At present, multicomponent AaDTP vaccines based on a cell-free pertussis component, in particular, Pentaxim and Hexavak, consisting of 5 and 6 components, respectively, are becoming increasingly popular in the West. These vaccines, in addition to DPT, polio and hepatitis B vaccines, also include a vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae.

Contraindications

Specific, that is, characteristic of the Hib vaccine, is only one contraindication - an allergy to tetanus toxoid. In other words, an allergy to the tetanus vaccine, which is a component in particular DTP vaccines, ADS-M, AS and ADS.

This is explained by the fact that the main antigen of the vaccine against hemophilic infection is chemically linked to the tetanus toxoid molecule. Although Hib vaccine does not provide immunity to tetanus, people who are allergic to tetanus vaccine may have allergic reactions and the Hib vaccine.

The remaining contraindications are common to all vaccines in nature - the absence acute diseases or exacerbations of chronic diseases at the time of vaccination; inadequate responses to previous administration of Hib vaccine.

Adverse reactions to Hib vaccine

The Hib vaccine is well tolerated. Reactions at the injection site (redness, induration) are observed in no more than 5-7% of those vaccinated. Temperature reactions are rare and occur in 1% of those vaccinated. These reactions do not affect the usual way of life, do not require treatment and spontaneously disappear within 1-2 days.

Good tolerability makes it possible to combine and combine Hib vaccines with other vaccines of the vaccination schedule and, in particular, with DTP vaccines. Reactions and risks of adverse reactions to less reactogenic vaccines are absorbed by reactions to more “severe” ones, which is confirmed by practice - for example, the frequency of adverse reactions with a separate administration of the Tetracoc vaccine (DTP + IPV) does not actually differ from that when it is combined in one syringe with Akt-HIB vaccine. Moreover, the combination of vaccines on the same day (or in the same syringe, if appropriate) minimizes the number of activations of the immune system, which further reduces the risk of side effects.

Efficacy and effects of vaccination

Modern Hib vaccines are very effective. The incidence of all forms of infection in developed countries where routine immunization is carried out has decreased by 8598%. This can be achieved both due to the individual protection of the vaccinated, and due to the effect of collective protection, which is explained by the interruption of the chain of transmission of the bacterium by the immunity of the vaccinated.

In one of Russian research conducted in closed children's groups in the Moscow region, vaccination over the year has reduced the level of carriage of Haemophilus influenzae from 41% to 3%, reducing the incidence of all colds(ARI, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.) several times. Similar effects and efficacy were demonstrated in a study conducted on the results of vaccination in the Krasnoyarsk region.

perspective

The main direction of further development of immunization against Hib is the combination of this vaccine with new generation DTP vaccines. Similar 4-, 5- and 6-component preparations have been used in Western countries for several years now.

It is expected that such vaccines will be registered in Russia in the foreseeable future. The first drugs of this class are already used in a number of CIS countries - in Ukraine, Georgia, etc.

Combining Hib vaccines with new conjugate vaccines against pneumococcal and meningococcal infections, which will allow for complex prevention of diseases caused by these pathogens - acute respiratory infections, meningitis, pneumonia, otitis media, etc.

New recommendations are under evaluation to change the regimen of Hib vaccines, with a reduction in the number of vaccinations as part of their basic regimen. In particular, a transition from a 4-dose to a 3-dose vaccination regimen is being discussed, which would reduce the cost of preventing Hib infection. However, these developments are still at the stage when it would be premature to make a forecast regarding their prospects.

There is reason to believe that in the near future vaccination against Hib will be introduced into the calendars of routine vaccinations in the territory of the CIS countries. Already, this vaccination is recommended by the health authorities of Russia and Ukraine. In some countries, vaccination is carried out through international and foreign humanitarian organizations. According to the target program of the Ministry of Health, routine vaccinations against HiB infection may appear in the Russian calendar as early as 2007 or somewhat later, as soon as the domestic vaccine is ready.