Rubella vaccination for children a year. Should I be vaccinated against rubella before pregnancy and what consequences should I expect? Side effects and contraindications

Rubella is a contagious viral infection that mainly affects children and fetuses in the first trimester of pregnancy. According to the WHO, approximately 100,000 children are born each year with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Parents should remember that timely rubella vaccination will help protect babies, adolescents, and pregnant women. The disease itself is not dangerous, but death and serious malformations are possible with CRS.

Every year since 1969, WHO has recorded a decline in the number of babies born with congenital rubella syndrome. Vaccination has saved millions of newborns and the well-being of as many families over the past decades.

AT last years children are given the combined measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine.

One of the most beautiful Hollywood actresses of the first half of the last century, Gene Tierney, had rubella during pregnancy. Daughter Antoinette was born in 1943 premature, mentally retarded, partially blind and deaf. Rubella vaccinations were not yet available. The story of Tierney in 1980 was embodied on the screen by another Hollywood star - Elizabeth Taylor. As a literary basis, the filmmakers used the detective novel of the famous Agatha Christie, released in Russia under the name "The Mirror Cracked".

Merciless Immunization

Today's parents are wary of rubella vaccination and routine vaccination in general. The World Wide Web has made public a wide variety of information about the advantages and disadvantages of mass immunization. Rubella is becoming less common, if we are talking about MMR, then measles is included in the list of 10 infections considered defeated. In total, less than 500 unvaccinated children around the world get measles.

Even in the case of almost disappeared infections, no one cancels routine vaccination. Parents often refuse vaccinations: the likelihood that the baby will get sick is illusory, and the negative impact is real.

The corresponding publications of immunologists and virologists stir up passions. Doctor A. Kotok calls the situation "merciless immunization." In the book of the same name, the author writes that WHO is manipulating the facts about the role of vaccination. In fact, it was not vaccinations that helped win the fight against a number of infections, but improved quality of life, hygiene education, water purification and proper disposal of infected animals.

Virologist G. Chervonskaya criticized the Russian immunization calendar. A child in the first years of life receives dozens of different vaccinations. In immunization, there are such concepts as the preparation of children and the post-vaccination period, the duration of each of the stages is approximately a week. It turns out that the immunity of the child during the formation is subjected to massive attacks.

Parents should thoroughly study the problem, consult with several specialists. Only then can a decision be made whether to follow the immunization plan or refuse. As for rubella, namely how the vaccine is tolerated, compared to other vaccines, adverse reactions and complications occur less frequently.

MMR vaccine protects against three infectious diseases

Measles, mumps or mumps, rubella - acute diseases, whose causative agents are different types viruses. There are common features, such as airborne spread, damage to the submandibular region. Measles in children is accompanied by fever, cough, rash, conjunctivitis, and photophobia. If the child has not been vaccinated, then upon contact with the virus, the chances of catching the infection reach 96%.

Complications of measles - pneumonia, encephalitis, convulsions, otitis media, blood disorders.

Rubella is milder than others viral infections, with fewer negative consequences. The importance of immunization is explained by the fact that in adults the risk of complications is higher, and after infection of a pregnant woman, serious malformations in the fetus are possible (as in the detective story “The Mirror Cracked”). Rubella antibodies provide 98-100% protection against the virus. It is known how long the vaccine works - it has been working for 20 years. The duration of action mainly depends on the state of the person's immunity.

"Mumps" in the common people is called mumps. The disease is characterized by tumors of the submandibular and parotid salivary glands. As a result, chewing, swallowing and speech are difficult. At the same time, in some of the sick boys and men, the testicles become inflamed, orchitis develops.

Vaccination Schedule

AT different countries developed national programs for immunization of children. In any children's clinic, they will be happy to tell you when they are vaccinated against rubella for adults and children. Free immunization against measles, mumps and rubella in Russia is carried out after 12 - one month old. At what age they are vaccinated, it also depends on the state of health of the child. Usually the first time is administered at 12 months, and revaccination is performed at 6 years.

When they make children MMR vaccination children (table):

In addition, rubella immunization is prescribed for children after a year and until they reach adulthood, if they have not been ill and have not been vaccinated earlier. Can a vaccinated child get rubella? Yes, if it has been a long time since the vaccination. Immunization of girls and young women is carried out at the age of 18–25, also if they have not been vaccinated and have not been ill.

When asked whether it is possible to get rubella if there is a vaccination, experts give such explanations. The introduction of the vaccine in the vast majority of cases forms lifelong immunity. However, protective mechanisms in some cases fail, a person can get sick. However, rubella after vaccination is very a rare event, the exception, not the rule.

Vaccines and reactions to them

In the CIS countries on a paid or free basis are available combined vaccines containing strains of attenuated pathogens of three infectious diseases. Rubella vaccination is allowed only for healthy children, although unscrupulous doctors neglect this requirement. It is necessary to measure the temperature, inspect the pharynx and skin child. Where children are vaccinated, how many times - depends on age. Toddlers are injected into the thigh, six-year-old children and adolescents are vaccinated in the upper part of the shoulder.

What is the name of the vaccine

MMP-II (combined).
"Rudivax".
"Ervax".

Possible side effects rubella vaccinations - redness and slight swelling tissue at the injection site. Occasionally, the temperature rises, a runny nose appears. Simultaneously with the vaccine, doctors may prescribe immunomodulators to reduce the effects. It is recommended to give the child antihistamines (Suprastin or Fenistil) before and after vaccination.

In most cases, as follows from the reviews, healthy children do not give acute post-vaccination reactions.

Parental decisions regarding rubella or MMR vaccination should always be considered. Private pediatricians do not consider it mandatory to carry out the entire volume of vaccination according to the list of the National Calendar. The recommendations of experts on whether it is necessary to be vaccinated are based on the study of domestic and foreign experience, information on the composition of vaccines and the effect on the child's body. Parents themselves can decide where to get vaccinated - in a public health facility or a private clinic.

When children are vaccinated against rubella updated: August 13, 2016 by: admin

Vaccine options

The rubella vaccine based on a live attenuated strain has been used for more than 40 years. A single dose provides over 95% long-term immunity, similar to that produced by natural infection. Rubella vaccines are either monovalent (a vaccine that targets only one pathogen) or, most commonly, combined with other vaccines such as measles (MR), measles and mumps (MM) or measles, mumps and varicella vaccines (KSKB). In Russia, the following are used: live rubella vaccine, live attenuated rubella vaccine, Priorix, MMR-II.

Principles and goals of vaccination

If a woman becomes infected with rubella early in her pregnancy, she has a 90% chance of passing the virus on to her fetus. This can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, or a severe congenital malformation known as CRS. Therefore, prevention of this disease is extremely important. By the end of 2013, the rubella vaccine had been introduced at the national level in 137 countries.

There are three principal approaches to eradicating rubella and CRS – vaccinating children, vaccinating adolescent girls, and vaccinating women of childbearing age who plan to have children. The first strategy is effective against rubella itself, but does not completely solve the problem of CRS (it will take 20-30 years), because vaccination has been shown to protect for about 20 years, which means that in theory it can shift the incidence of rubella to childbearing years. age. The second strategy, vaccination of adolescent girls, is effective in eradicating CRS (although it will take 10-20 years to achieve this goal), but does not solve the problem of rubella in general (in Russia, the peak occurs at the age of 7-14 years). Vaccination of women is extremely effective in controlling CRS (although achieving 100% coverage of the adult population is almost impossible), but also does not solve the problem of rubella itself.

In view of these considerations, WHO recommends a combination of all three strategies whenever possible. An example of such a combination is the United States, where, in addition to vaccinating children, vaccination is carried out in colleges and the Armed Forces. In accordance with the National Immunization Schedule, children from 1 to 18 years of age, women from 18 to 25 years of age (inclusive), not ill, not vaccinated, vaccinated once against rubella, who do not have information about rubella vaccinations, should be vaccinated. An interesting solution to the problem of vaccination of women of childbearing age was found in France - a refusal to register a marriage in the absence of a rubella vaccination mark or a record of the infection.

Vaccine effectiveness

In Russia, which began mass vaccination only in 2002-2003, great success has been achieved: in 2012, the incidence fell to 0.67 per 100,000. 4% in 2011 and 90.7% in 2012), so that the conditions were created for the implementation of the rubella elimination program and the prevention of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).

Post-vaccination reactions

Adverse reactions to vaccination are usually mild. These may include pain and redness at the injection site, mild fever, rash, and muscle pain. During mass immunization campaigns in the Region of the Americas, reaching more than 250 million adolescents and adults, there were no serious adverse reactions associated with this vaccine.

Risk of post-vaccination complications

A rare complication is a temporary decrease in the number of platelets in the blood - the same as with measles vaccination. Occurs 2-3 weeks after vaccination. Thrombocytopenia after vaccination 1/40 000, in the course of the disease - up to 1/300.

Contraindications

Immunodeficiency states; malignant diseases of the blood and neoplasms. severe reaction (temperature rise above 40 C, edema, hyperemia more than 8 cm in diameter at the injection site) or a complication to the previous dose; acute infectious and noncommunicable diseases, exacerbation of chronic diseases - vaccination should be carried out no earlier than 1 month after recovery; pregnancy;

Notes:

When prescribing immunosuppressants and radiotherapy vaccination is carried out no earlier than 12 months after the end of treatment;
HIV-infected children can be immunized with the rubella vaccine;
It is forbidden to administer the vaccine during pregnancy. Precautions must be taken to avoid conception within 2 hours after vaccination.

When to vaccinate?

According to the national immunization calendar and the recommendations of the World Health Organization, children are vaccinated against rubella at the age of 1 year. At 6 years of age, revaccination is indicated. Also, children from 1 to 18 years old, not sick, not vaccinated, vaccinated once against rubella; girls from 18 to 25 years old, not ill, not previously vaccinated.

Ask a question to a specialist

A question for vaccine experts

Questions and answers

Please tell me if the mother still does not know if she is pregnant or not, and the first child should be vaccinated (measles-rubella-mumps) is it possible?

Yes, the child can be vaccinated. For others, the vaccinated poses no threat. And mom is not recommended to be vaccinated against measles, rubella, mumps.

The child has allergic reaction on chicken eggs in the form of urticaria. Is it possible to put priorix / in contraindications only an anaphylactic reaction to eggs /.

The rest of the vaccinations were made according to the calendar /infanrix hexa, prevenar, BCG/. No adverse reactions.

Harit Susanna Mikhailovna answers

In principle, it is possible, but before vaccination it will be necessary to administer antiallergic drugs, preferably intramuscularly 30 minutes before vaccination.

But, it is preferable to introduce a domestic divaccine (measles + mumps), it is made on quail eggs. And separately the rubella vaccine, the virus for this vaccine is grown in cell culture without the use of quail and chicken eggs. Get vaccinated at a clinic or medical center, where after vaccination at least 30 minutes after vaccination, you need to observe the reaction. Start on the day of vaccination antihistamines(eg Zyrtec) by mouth, may be continued for several days. The main thing after vaccination is not to give the child products containing significant allergens for him.

I am 29 years old, I am now in the process of preparing for pregnancy, judging by the tests in the body there are no antibodies to the rubella virus. Can I be grafted?

Harit Susanna Mikhailovna answers

You should definitely get vaccinated against rubella when planning a pregnancy, but pregnancy is not recommended within 3-6 months. Also relevant is the determination of antibody titers to chicken pox.

I'm 45 years old. I want to get the Priorix vaccine. The last time I was vaccinated against measles, rubella and mumps was at school age. At the moment, is it enough for me to do it once or because of the long break from the last vaccination twice?

Harit Susanna Mikhailovna answers

Enough once.

Good afternoon! By national all vaccines are on schedule, except MRC, child, virgin. a year and 10 months, we carry out correction with hormones, subclinical hypothyroidism. Due to the fact that there is a colossal decrease in the incidence of measles, I plan to track the statistics further and drag out time with this vaccination (for mumps and rubella, if we don’t get sick in childhood, I’ll probably put it in school, due to the fact that the diseases are “mild”, if you get sick in childhood) . I live in the city of Tomsk, where, according to Rosportebnadzor, other diseases are rampant... since I'm not a specialist, I ask you to comment on my decision.

Subclinical hypothyroidism in a stable state on therapy is not a contraindication to vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella. But the infections themselves in the case of a disease can cause decompensation of the condition and, moreover, lead to complications. Parotitis, for example, can affect all endocrine glands, and also cause meningitis; measles - encephalitis, pneumonia. Children with chronic diseases are at risk for severe infections, so it is more advisable to plan vaccinations rather than track incidence statistics.

I am a full 32 years old. I am going to get pregnant soon. But I unfortunately do not remember whether I was vaccinated against rubella. I have a question: until what age can I get the rubella vaccination and where?

Answered by Polibin Roman Vladimirovich

In your case, it is recommended to conduct a blood test for the presence of antibodies to rubella. If they are not found or the titer is insufficient, vaccination against rubella should be carried out. Vaccination should be carried out 2 months before pregnancy.

Is contact with a child vaccinated 2 days ago with the Belgian measles + rubella vaccine and against mumps dangerous for a newborn?

Answered by Polibin Roman Vladimirovich

A child vaccinated against measles, mumps, rubella with any vaccine is not dangerous to others, including a newborn baby.

Rubella is of two types:

acquired - transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person, easily tolerated, rarely complications;
congenital - transmitted from an infected mother to the fetus through the placenta, it is difficult to tolerate, gives many complications, and miscarriage can often occur.

Previously, it was called measles rubella, as they could not distinguish the symptoms and misdiagnosed. Rubella occurs in childhood and adolescence, rare in adults. In a person who has been ill in childhood, rubella will never recur, as strong immunity develops. Rubella during pregnancy can lead to death of the baby or congenital pathologies development, among which are the syndrome of congenital rubella. According to statistics, 110 thousand children with this syndrome are born every year in the world.

The disease is predominantly acute. Rubella outbreaks are observed in children's and military boarding schools, which can last for several months. In children who have had contact with a sick person, the virus is found in the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract 11-21 days from the date of contact with a sick person.

Congenital rubella occurs in a newborn if his mother has been ill with this disease during pregnancy. The fetus becomes infected through the placenta. Congenital rubella is characterized by diseases such as cataracts, hearing loss and heart disease. Often children have underdevelopment of the brain, eyeball, clouding of the cornea, pathology of the retina, cleft palate, hepatitis, pneumonia, dermatitis, myocarditis, lesions of the genitourinary system, underweight at birth.

Rubella, although rare, can cause complications in immunocompromised children. These include diseases such as pneumonia, otitis media, arthritis, tonsillitis, anthropocentric purpura. Extremely rarely in an adult, a complication can be severe brain damage: encephalitis and meningoencephalitis.

Rubella during pregnancy

Rubella during pregnancy is not as dangerous to the mother as it is to the developing fetus, increasing the risk of malformations. The hearing aid is the most commonly affected visual organs. Rubella affects the bone and nervous system fetus, brain and others internal organs. In some cases, intrauterine death of the fetus is possible.

Most often, with rubella, a woman is advised to terminate the pregnancy. Especially if the disease in the mother began in the first trimester, when all the organs of the child are formed. The longer the pregnancy, the less likely the child is affected by the virus. At 1 month of pregnancy, the risk of damage is 60%, at the beginning of the third trimester it is 15%, and at 5 months - only 7%.

Causes of rubella

Rubella is caused by a toga virus that spreads quickly throughout the body. The source of infection is a person with rubella or a carrier of the virus. The virus can be easily transferred from room to room through the air, it dies only at 55 degrees, so the disease is more common in the cold season, in winter or spring.

The disease is transmitted by airborne droplets during communication or contact, as well as from a sick mother to the fetus. Rubella can be contracted through household items that have virus molecules on them. The patient is contagious 1 week before the onset of the skin rash and sheds the virus within 5-7 days after the onset of the rash. A child with congenital rubella syndrome can be contagious to others for 2 years.

Rubella symptoms

Symptoms of rubella are pronounced and appear in a short time. The rubella virus enters the body through the mucous membranes respiratory system and spreads throughout the body, causing an increase lymph nodes especially in the back of the head and on the back of the neck. Incubation period is 1-2 weeks, that is, an infected person is dangerous to others during this period. The child may experience a slight runny nose and dry cough, sore throat, lacrimation, the temperature may rise slightly.

What does rubella look like? On the first day of the disease, almost every patient has a rash on the skin, a more pronounced rash occurs in a child. The rash is small spots, round or oval, pinkish or red. The rash first appears on the face and neck, behind the ears and on the scalp, a day later it spreads to the entire body, arms and legs. The rash is especially pronounced on the back, the outer surface of the arms, on the buttocks, on the outer surface of the legs. Eruptions do not appear on the palms and soles. In rare cases, a small rash may appear in the oral mucosa. Rashes in a child disappear after 2-3 days, in an adult they can last longer.

Some people confuse rubella with chickenpox. Chickenpox rashes are voluminous and watery, which cause severe itching. Rubella can be identified by pressing a speck of the rash with your finger: it disappears and then reappears. The rash does not bother the person and does not cause pain. Rubella is often mistaken for normal colds, but this is easy to check, since the rubella virus is not affected by antipyretic drugs and signs of the disease remain. At the first symptoms, it is necessary to consult a therapist.

The question of how to distinguish a disease such as rubella from an allergic reaction is very popular among patients. First of all, the signal that rubella has manifested itself in a child or an adult is the gradual manifestation of skin rashes and their rapid disappearance. In case of an allergic reaction, as a rule, a person sprinkles immediately and such a skin lesion passes for a long time.

The second cycle of a disease such as rubella is also characterized by other symptoms of manifestation. So, for example, among the specific symptoms of this disease is a significant increase in the lymph nodes in the back of the head, as well as submandibular and cervical lymph nodes. This and the presence of general infectious symptoms, in turn, are additional confirmation that it is rubella that develops in the patient's body.

In adults with rubella, there are more acute symptoms. Skin rashes remain for five days. Spots on the skin do not appear separately, as in a child, but can merge into large spots. In this case, the body temperature rises greatly, sometimes it can reach up to 40 degrees. There is a severe headache and migraine, fatigue and weakness in the joints, muscles, appetite decreases. Due to severe lacrimation in an adult, conjunctivitis is often observed, accompanied by photophobia and redness of the eyes. In addition to the main symptoms, a man has discomfort and pain in the testicles.

Rubella treatment

Treatment of rubella in patients with mild course of the acquired disease is carried out at home. There are no special drugs for treatment, so the following rules must be observed:

The patient needs strict bed rest, especially during the period of temperature and for an adult, since his disease is more difficult.
Ventilate the room twice a day to help the rubella virus escape.
At high temperature take antipyretics, paracetamol or ibuprofen. The child can be given medicinal decoctions of anti-inflammatory herbs.
The patient needs rest and rest, the child needs to limit the time to watch TV and stay at the computer.
Be sure to quarantine for a week. Other children, adults who have not had rubella, especially pregnant women, should not be allowed to the patient.
Nutrition should be complete, but sparing, light, should include more vegetables, fruits and vitamin complexes. Drink plenty of fluids in the form of hot tea, rosehip broth and other herbal preparations.
A sick person should have their own dishes, towels, personal hygiene items that must be treated with boiling water. After recovery, these items are best not to use.
Maintain personal hygiene: rinse oral cavity a weak solution of furacilin, a decoction of chamomile, sage, take care of the skin.

Patients with congenital rubella syndrome are treated in a special hospital. Treatment is carried out depending on the expressed symptoms and complications.

Rubella prevention

Rubella prevention measures include vaccinating children against rubella (included in the mixed measles, mumps and rubella vaccine) at 12 months of age, and re-vaccinated at 6 years of age. If the girl was not vaccinated at 12 months and 6 years old and did not have rubella, she should be vaccinated at 15 years old.

The live strain rubella vaccine has been used for over 40 years. A single dose provides long-term immunity up to 95%, similar to the immunity produced after an illness. There is usually no negative reaction to the vaccine, it can be in mild form. There is a slight pain and redness at the injection site, the temperature rises slightly, there is pain in the muscles and small rashes on the skin.

To prevent congenital rubella, women are recommended to be vaccinated if they are planning a pregnancy, did not have this disease in childhood, and they do not have developed immunity to rubella. Vaccination should be carried out a year before the planned pregnancy so that there are no complications.

To prevent the spread of the rubella virus, the patient should be isolated from family and society for 10 days from the onset of the disease. The room in which the patient is located should be ventilated twice a day, wet cleaning should be carried out. Dishes and personal items, toys should be treated with boiling water, and then it is better not to use. Quarantine in children's institutions or boarding schools can last up to 21 days from the moment the last sick child is isolated. All people who have had contact with a rubella case should be monitored, take their temperature every day, feel the lymph nodes and examine the skin. Observation should be carried out for 23 days from the moment of contact with the patient.

Rubella – infectious disease which is spread by airborne droplets. The incubation period is 24 days. The first symptom of pathology is often a rash. Clinical picture may be erased. There is a probability total absence characteristic features.

Rubella vaccination for adults and children is given in accordance with the approved vaccination schedule.

If a person is still sick, then the doctor prescribes symptomatic treatment. Pain in the joints, problems with blood clotting, encephalitis can be considered a consequence of infection. Unvaccinated pregnant women should beware.

The virus will not cause much harm to the mother, the unborn child will suffer in any case. A newborn baby, who was still infected in the womb, is diagnosed with congenital rubella syndrome. Often not without complications. These include blindness, inflammation of the liver, deafness, mental retardation, heart disease.

The level of susceptibility to this pathology is low. At risk are children 2-9 years old. The peak of infection occurs in winter and spring.

You can get rubella again. The immunity produced by the body when the pathogens of this pathology penetrate is not lifelong. The body's resistance depends on individual characteristics person, his diet, absence (presence) bad habits, the influence of external unfavorable factors.

Rubella vaccinations, each given at the right time, are the most effective protection from being infected. To enhance the impact that arose after the first immunization was carried out, a second one is made.

The composition of the drug includes weakened viruses that will die in the process of fighting leukocytes, and the immune system strengthen its position. The rubella vaccine is quite sensitive to changes in temperature, so it is not recommended to store it outside the refrigerator. Otherwise, it will lose its functionality.

Immunization calendar

Rubella vaccination takes place in 2 stages. The first is carried out in children whose age is 11-14 months. Usually vaccinated against this disease combined with drugs for measles and mumps. For this, trivalent vaccines are used. This option has undeniable advantages.

The second vaccination is given after an interval of 25 to 30 days (per year), the vaccine may contain not only weakened rubella pathogens, the reaction to it depends on many factors of the internal and external environment. The gender of the patient does not matter. Deadlines vary, but one condition remains the same.

Re-vaccination against rubella should occur before puberty.

Women in the planning period of pregnancy should be immunized in advance, about 2-3 months in advance. This will reduce the risk of developing pathological changes at the fetus. But if the vaccine was given during the first months of pregnancy, it should not be interrupted. It is important that the mother-to-be, the father of the child and other relatives living under the same roof as the pregnant woman are protected.

The third rubella vaccine for children is given if they are over 15 years of age. The body is being rebuilt due to changes in the hormonal background, which is why the immune system is weakened. Subsequently, the vaccine is used every 10-15 years.

How long does the drug work?

Timeframes vary depending on the composition and manufacturer.

Rubella vaccinations in accordance with the official immunization calendar of the population are given three times. Vaccination is free. If there is a need for additional procedures, then you will have to pay for them.

Here everything is individual. A person leaves the risk group when he becomes older than 45-50 years, so it is not necessary for older people to undergo the procedure. Although they can become infected or become carriers of the infection.

The standard vaccination schedule is as follows:

6 months - if the risk of infection is quite high (during an epidemic).
From 1 to 1.5 years is a mandatory preventive measure.
From 6 to 7 years - before entering school.
From 14 to 18 years old - increasing the body's resistance after the transition period.

Training

Before undergoing immunization, it is necessary to prepare the child. First you need to visit a pediatrician. He will examine the baby, prescribe tests, take an interest in the presence (absence) of allergies to medications. The child must be healthy at the time of the procedure. Otherwise, it will be rescheduled for another date.

Immediately before a visit to the doctor, the patient must empty the intestines, carry out the necessary hygiene procedures. On the eve of vaccination, you should not lean on "harmful" foods. Children with allergies are prescribed a three-day course of antihistamines.

Everyone else should start taking immunomodulatory supplements 10 days before vaccination. They are prescribed by a doctor. Self-selection of a vaccine or other medicines can provoke the appearance serious complications. 3 days before the procedure, the baby is stopped being given vitamin complexes containing vitamin D. After vaccination, they can be taken only after 6 days.

The order of the procedure

At what age is the rubella vaccine (measles, mumps) given to children, found out. It remains to understand how the procedure is carried out. The drug is administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. The place for penetration can be the forearm or buttock. After the injection, the vaccine activates the production of antibodies, which will subsequently protect the body from "real" pathogens.

Protection can be passive or active. It depends on the type of immunization. In the first case, the administered drug contains weakened pathogens, in the second case, antibodies in the form of immunoglobulin. This provides protection for the body for a short period of time.

Passive vaccination is more often carried out for pregnant women who have been in contact with patients.

Rubella vaccination is given under aseptic conditions: when it is done, a disposable syringe and a sterile needle are used; how many times the drug is injected, so many sterilize the working surface. The procedure can only be carried out medical worker. Before opening the ampoule, he must pay attention to its contents. If the composition has changed its color or consistency, then it cannot be used for its intended purpose.

Possible side effects

In most cases, children and adults do not experience adverse reactions, but there is still a chance of their occurrence.

Rubella is a disease for which vaccination is mandatory, so parents should be prepared for the following manifestations:

Redness and swelling of the injection site.
Hyperthermia ( fever bodies).
Rash.
Pain in the joints.
Cough.
Discharge from the nose.
Problems of the gastrointestinal tract.
Enlarged lymph nodes located in the neck.
Hypersensitivity.
Changes in the composition of the blood (decrease in the number of platelets).
Swelling of the parotid gland (when using a three-component vaccine).

After vaccination, these symptoms are found quite rarely. They do not require treatment, disappear after a few days. There is a risk of developing convulsive syndrome, erythema multiforme, meningitis, conjunctivitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome.

How is the procedure tolerated if contraindications were not taken into account?

Complications that may arise include Quincke's edema, rubella infection. Getting a "reverse effect" is real when administering a vaccine to people suffering from severe immunodeficiency. Children usually tolerate the procedure easier than adults.

After vaccination, you should go home in half an hour. It is during this period of time that an allergic reaction most often occurs. Therefore, it is advisable to stay where medical assistance will be provided in a timely manner.

To avoid the occurrence of unpleasant symptoms in children, it is necessary:

Feed the child only when he wants to eat.
Protect him from contact with potential carriers of infection for 2 weeks.
Postpone long-term travel and visits kindergarten(school) for a few days.
Take walks as usual.

This is not difficult to do, but the immune system is faster to rebuild. And the consequences that arose after the rubella vaccination will bring less harm.

Vaccines Used

The drug that protects against rubella (both in the form of a monovalent and polyvalent vaccine) can be domestic and imported. The most popular vaccines are Rudivax, MMR, Priorix, Ervevax. They are made in Belgium and France. MMR (multi-component measles, mumps and rubella) Russian production not today.

Therefore, drugs for children are purchased abroad. Polyvalent vaccines have fewer side effects. They are called "live", as they contain weakened pathogens of 2 or 3 infectious pathologies.

How and where are one- and two-component vaccinations made?

Grafting is carried out in different parts of the body sequentially one after another. Preparations of this type have their positive aspects. They have a milder effect on the patient's body, that is, they do not cause severe discomfort after vaccination.

Contraindications

Rubella immunization is strictly prohibited if the patient:

Sick, one of the symptoms is fever.
Takes medications that suppress the immune system.
Suffering from autoimmune, oncological diseases or immunodeficiency virus.

Do not vaccinate pregnant women, nursing mothers and people who have recently had a blood transfusion. An allergy to egg white is also considered a contraindication. It is from this that these drugs are made.

Before starting the procedure, the patient (or his legal representative) signs a special document. By this he proves that it was done with his voluntary consent. The doctor advises him on the rules that must not be violated after vaccination. He warns about side effects with which the vaccine may be tolerated.

The vaccination done should not be combed. Unpleasant sensations will soon be gone. In addition, the risk of their occurrence is not very high. They do not appear in all vaccinated. To avoid such complications, follow the recommendations of your doctor. After vaccination, for several days do not introduce new foods into the diet and do not stay in the bathroom for a long time.

Conclusion

Vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella is a voluntary prophylaxis. Despite adverse reactions and contraindications, it can be used to prevent the development of these diseases.

It's easier than treating an infectious pathology later.

Filterable List

Active substance:

Instructions for medical use

Rubella vaccine culture live
Instructions for medical use- RU No. LP-000463

Last Modified Date: 27.04.2017

Dosage form

Compound

One vaccination dose (0.5 ml) contains:

Active substance:

Attenuated strain RA 27/3 of the rubella virus at least 1000 tissue cytopathogenic doses (TCD 50).

Excipients:

Stabilizer - a mixture of 0.100 ml of an aqueous solution of LS-18 (sucrose - 250 mg, lactose - 50 mg, sodium glutamic acid - 37.5 mg, glycine - 25 mg, L-proline - 25 mg, Hank's dry mix with phenol red - 7, 15 mg, water for injection - up to 1 ml) and 0.025 ml of a 10% gelatin solution.

Description of the dosage form

Lyophilisate - homogeneous porous mass light yellow, a pinkish tint is allowed. Hygroscopic.

The reconstituted drug is a clear pink liquid.

Characteristic

The drug is prepared by culturing an attenuated strain of the rubella virus RA 27/3 on diploid human cells MRC-5.

Pharmacological group

MIBP vaccine.

Indications

Rubella prevention.

In accordance with the National Immunization Schedule, vaccination is carried out at the age of 12 months, revaccination - at 6 years.

The National Immunization Schedule provides for the vaccination of children aged 1 to 18 years, women aged 18 to 25 years (inclusive), who have not been ill, not vaccinated, vaccinated once against rubella, who do not have information about rubella vaccinations.

Contraindications

allergic reactions to vaccine components;
acute infectious and non-infectious diseases, exacerbation of chronic diseases;
immunodeficiency states; malignant blood diseases and neoplasms;
pregnancy and breastfeeding period;
severe reaction (temperature rise above 40°C, edema, hyperemia more than 8 cm in diameter at the injection site) or a complication to the previous dose of the vaccine.

Note

In the presence of HIV infection, vaccination of persons with 1 and 2 immune categories (absence or moderate immunodeficiency) is allowed.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Vaccination is contraindicated.

Dosage and administration

Immediately before use, the vaccine is diluted with a solvent (water for injection) at the rate of 0.5 ml of the solvent per one vaccination dose of the vaccine. To avoid foaming, the vaccine is dissolved by slightly shaking the ampoule. The vaccine should be completely dissolved within 3 minutes. The dissolved vaccine is a clear pink liquid. The vaccine and solvent in ampoules with broken integrity, labeling, as well as when changing them are not suitable for use. physical properties(colors, transparencies, etc.) stored incorrectly.

The opening of the ampoules and the vaccination procedure is carried out with strict observance of the rules of asepsis and antisepsis. Ampoules at the incision site are treated with 70 ° alcohol and broken off, while preventing alcohol from entering the ampoule. To dilute the vaccine, the entire required volume of solvent is taken and transferred to an ampoule with a dry vaccine. After mixing, the vaccine is drawn with another needle into a sterile syringe and used for vaccination.

The vaccine is injected only subcutaneously at a dose of 0.5 ml in the shoulder area (on the border between the lower and middle third of the shoulder from the outside), after treating the skin at the injection site with 70 ° ethyl alcohol.

The dissolved vaccine is used immediately and is not subject to storage.

The vaccination carried out is recorded in the established accounting forms indicating the name of the drug, date of vaccination, dose, manufacturer, batch number, expiration date, reaction to the vaccination.

Side effects

After the introduction of the vaccine, the following adverse reactions may occur varying degrees severity, the frequency of which is indicated according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization and includes the following categories:

Often (1/10-1/100):

mild skin rash, lymphadenopathy (enlargement of predominantly occipital and posterior cervical lymph nodes) is possible in 1-2% of those vaccinated.

Uncommon (1/100-1/1000):

within 24 hours, short-term hyperemia, swelling and induration, accompanied by soreness, may develop at the injection site.

Rare (1/1000-1/10000):

some vaccinated on days 6-14 may develop a short-term increase in temperature to subfebrile values, accompanied by catarrhal phenomena and the possibility of developing conjunctivitis.

These reactions are characterized by a short course and disappear without treatment.

Very rarely (<1/10000):

thrombocytopenic purpura (develops more often from 5 to 21 days after vaccination);
allergic reactions of immediate type, including anaphylactic.

arthralgia, arthritis; these reactions occur 1 to 3 weeks after immunization and vary in frequency with age and sex.

Adult women:

Very common (e1/10), frequency can be up to 25%;

Teenagers (girls):

Often (1/10-1/100), the frequency does not exceed 5%;

Young children, adult men:

Very rarely (<1/10000).

Overdose

Cases of overdose have not been established.

Interaction

Rubella vaccination can be carried out simultaneously (on the same day) with other calendar vaccinations (against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, mumps, measles, polio, hepatitis B) or not earlier than 1 month after the previous vaccination. With simultaneous vaccination, the drugs are administered in different places; mixing of vaccines in one syringe is prohibited.

After the introduction of human blood products (immunoglobulin, plasma, etc.), the vaccine is administered no earlier than 3 months later. After the introduction of the rubella vaccine, blood products can be administered no earlier than 2 weeks; if it is necessary to use immunoglobulin earlier than this period, rubella vaccination should be repeated after 3 months. In the presence of antibodies to the rubella virus in the blood serum, re-vaccination is not carried out.

After the appointment of immunosuppressants and radiation therapy, vaccination is carried out no earlier than 12 months after the end of treatment.

Precautionary measures

Given the possibility of developing allergic reactions of an immediate type (anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema, urticaria) in particularly sensitive individuals, it is necessary to provide medical supervision for vaccinated people for 30 minutes. Vaccination sites should be provided with anti-shock therapy.

special instructions

Vaccination of women of childbearing age is carried out on the condition that women are not pregnant at the time of vaccination and will take precautions to avoid conception within 2 months after vaccination. Accidental vaccination of a pregnant woman is not an indication for termination of pregnancy.

After acute infectious and non-infectious diseases, exacerbations of chronic diseases, vaccination is carried out no earlier than 1 month after recovery.

Information about the possible effect of the drug on the ability to drive vehicles, mechanisms.

No information available.

Release form

Lyophilisate for preparation of solution for subcutaneous administration.

1 dose of the vaccine in an ampoule with a capacity of 2 ml. There are 10 ampoules in a pack with instructions for use and an insert with a stacker number.

Storage conditions

Storage conditions.

At temperatures from 2 to 8 °C. Keep out of the reach of children.

Conditions of transportation.

In accordance with SP 3.3.2.3332-16 at a temperature of 2 to 8 °C.

Best before date

2 years. An expired drug should not be used.

Terms of dispensing from pharmacies

For medical institutions.

LP-000463 from 2018-05-23
Live cultural rubella vaccine - instructions for medical use - RU No.