Round rash on the skin of a child. Rashes on the body and itching in a child

Thanks

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!

The reasons

Transient vascular phenomenon in the newborn

• Marbling of skin coloration,
• Rapid discoloration of the skin.

Kinds

A rapidly passing change in skin color - it is noticeable in cases where a naked baby lies on one side and is turned over to the other. One side becomes more pink, while the other, on the contrary, becomes more pale. The color changes very quickly, literally before our eyes and normalizes in a few minutes. Skin color evens out faster if the baby cries or moves actively. This phenomenon is observed only in every tenth baby born on time, and most often parents do not pay attention to it. You can notice a change in skin color from the first days of a baby’s life, and the phenomenon passes to month old. Pediatricians explain this phenomenon by the formation of the work of the hypothalamus, which is responsible for the expansion of small vessels.

Toxic erythema- this phenomenon is observed in 55% of newborns and occurs in babies born at term with normal body weight. Signs of toxic erythema can be detected both immediately upon birth, and after two to three days.
With toxic erythema, red swollen spots up to 3 millimeters in size appear on the baby’s body, as well as bubbles that gradually take on the appearance of “mosquito bites”. Usually rashes are observed on the face, arms and legs, body. The feet and hands of a child are not affected by rashes of this kind.

During the neonatal period, a vesicular-pustular rash is a consequence of infection with herpes, candida, staphylococcus, or other pathogenic infections.

To determine the pathogen, an analysis of the contents of the vesicles is taken. Most often, rashes do not affect the condition of the baby and disappear on their own in a week or less. But sometimes they can make him feel worse and not last longer. Despite this, erythema is not dangerous to the health and life of the child and does not require special methods therapy.

transient pustular melanosis
This phenomenon is five times more common in black children ( 5% versus 1% in white babies). The rash in this case is a rash of a pigmented nature, like large freckles. The skin does not turn red. At first, the skin is covered with red spots and vesicles, which burst after a while and “freckles” appear in their place, discoloring on their own after about a month.

Hormonal acne in newborns
This phenomenon is observed in approximately one in five newborn babies. Usually these are closed comedones covering the cheeks and forehead, rarely they are vesicles, red pimples or open comedones.
It is believed that these rashes appear with increased work sebaceous glands a child caused by male sex hormones, obtained from the body of the mother or produced in the body of the child himself. This is a temporary phenomenon that disappears on its own without a trace. Most often, newborn acne is not treated with anything. But sometimes, if they are too plentiful, the skin is smeared with an ointment with benzoyl peroxide. Before use, a tolerance test should be carried out by lubricating a small area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe baby's skin on the inner bend of the elbow. If acne does not disappear for a long time, this may indicate an increase in the work of the adrenal glands and other metabolic disorders.

Sebaceous cysts
These are bubbles of yellowish or white color with a diameter of up to 2 millimeters, which are formed during the inhibition of secretions of the sebaceous glands in the skin. This phenomenon is observed in half of the children of the neonatal period. They usually appear on the face, but rarely on the mucous membranes, genitals and limbs. Sebaceous cysts do not need to be treated with anything, they will pass on their own no later than by the age of three months.

Prickly heat
This type of rash appears when sweat cannot pass through the ducts and is inhibited in the sweat glands. The work of the sweat glands and ducts in babies of the neonatal period is still imperfect, therefore prickly heat is a fairly common phenomenon. It is observed in 4 children out of 10 born. Most often observed in the first four weeks after birth. The rash may be red, or it may resemble millet grains.

Since the disease usually resolves on its own and does not affect the general well-being of the baby at all, no treatment is carried out. Medicines are used only in special cases. Many mothers and fathers are embarrassed by the ugly crusts on the baby's head. They can be easily removed with a soft brush after bathing and treatment with an emollient cream. Crusts are removed very quickly and effectively even after skin treatment with vegetable oil.
Some doctors prescribe shampoos with tar or selenium sulfide. However, these funds should not be used for their own purposes.

Hemorrhagic

When teething

allergic

From antibiotics

Contact allergic dermatitis is manifested in redness of the skin, burning, itching and the appearance of small bubbles on the skin. If the drug is used for the first time, manifestations may appear after five to seven days. If it was used before, then dermatitis can develop on the very first day. To eliminate the symptoms of the disease, it is necessary to cancel the antibiotic ointment and treat the affected areas with glucocorticoid preparations ( by doctor's prescription).

After vaccination

There are three possible causes of a rash after vaccination.
1. The components of the vaccine multiply in the skin.
2. Allergy to any component of the vaccine.
3. The vaccine caused bleeding.

If the vaccine is not inactivated, then weak rashes are a normal reaction of the body to the introduction of foreign microbes. This is characteristic of vaccines against measles, rubella, mumps.

Rash in the form small dots may be due to a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood. This happens after vaccination against rubella, but very rarely. But the same points may indicate that vaccination provoked the development of vasculitis, a severe autoimmune disorder that affects the vascular walls.

In some cases, the vaccine provokes a specific reaction of the body, for example, this happens after measles vaccination: five to ten days after the vaccine is administered, the body may become covered with a rash that quickly disappears. The body temperature may also increase.

temperature for scarlet fever

The source of infection is a sick person who releases pathogens with tiny particles of saliva and bronchial mucus during sneezing, coughing and even talking. The incubation period is from two to seven days. After that, the child's body temperature jumps sharply to 39 - 40 degrees, the state of health worsens, the throat hurts. Rashes can be observed from the end of the first day. Spots appear on the neck, shoulders, chest and back, after which a short time cover the entire skin. The most intense rashes are on the lateral surfaces of the body, the abdomen, and the inner surfaces of the elbows. Rashes of bright color, very small and closely spaced. Often the skin itches.

Eruptions on the face are very characteristic, which cover it thickly, leaving only the nasolabial triangle clean, called scarlet fever. After 7-9 days, the rash turns pale, the skin begins to peel off. Earlobes, neck, fingertips, feet and palms begin to peel off first. The skin is completely cleared in 15-20 days.

Vomiting with chickenpox

The child's temperature rises to 38 - 39 degrees, he is lethargic, and vomiting often occurs. In the first hours, the body is covered with small vesicles up to 5 mm in diameter. The skin around the bubble turns red. First, there is a clear liquid inside the vesicles, which becomes cloudy after a day, the middle of the vesicle shrinks and a crust appears. After a week - two crusts dry up and fall off by themselves. In place of each bubble, a red spot remains for a sufficiently long time. If you pick off the crust ahead of time, there will be a gap. The blisters are usually very itchy. If they are formed on the mucous membranes, the child may cough.

The first rashes appear on the head, face, then on the body and, finally, on the arms and legs. In some cases, they even appear on the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes. Vesicles never form on the feet and hands.
A feature that is characteristic of this particular disease is that when new bubbles appear in a child, the temperature may rise.

For measles

Against the background of the above, a rash called measles enanthema also appears. These are small red spots in the mouth, on the palate. In addition, on the inside of the oral mucosa, you can see whitish grains that look like semolina. It is these whitish spots that clearly indicate measles - this is a very characteristic sign of the disease.

But all these spots on the mucous membranes disappear as soon as a rash appears on the body. The child's temperature rises again and the general condition worsens.
The rash covers the entire surface of the body, it is very small, but can merge. Near the rash, they are bubbles up to 2 millimeters in diameter, around which the skin turns red and forms a spot a centimeter in diameter. Sometimes, with a severe course of the disease, the skin is covered with small hemorrhages.
The body is covered with a rash for 3 days. First the neck and face, then the body, the upper parts of the legs and arms, then the feet. The face, shoulders, chest and neck are thicker covered with rash.

After 4 days, the rash becomes less bright, in places of the rash, the skin finely flakes off and darkens. 5 days after the first rash, the child's body temperature decreases and his condition returns to normal. For about 10-14 more days, traces of rashes can be seen on the body, after which the skin is completely cleansed.

For meningitis

If the microorganisms are carried by blood to other parts of the body, the skin may become covered with bright red rashes. These rashes are hemorrhagic in nature and are hemorrhages from the capillaries. They indicate infection of the body with the causative agent of meningitis.

These rashes differ in that they most often cover the buttocks, thighs and back. They look like stars or irregularly shaped spots. This disease is very dangerous, therefore, at the slightest suspicion, you should immediately call a doctor or an ambulance.

With mononucleosis

Update: October 2018

Any mother, seeing suspicious rashes on her baby's skin, begins to look for their cause. Some almost always urgently call a doctor, having previously fed the child with unnecessary medicines. Other parents try to ignore the rash, especially if the child feels well. But both of them are wrong. You just need to navigate the main types of rashes in order to make the right decision.

What a rash might look like - basic elements

• - a limited area of ​​​​skin of a changed color (red, white and others). It does not protrude above the skin, it cannot be felt.
• - tubercle up to 0.5 cm in diameter, without a cavity inside. The element protrudes above the skin, it can be felt.
• - a formation with a large area, raised above the skin and having a flattened shape. Large plaques with clear skin patterns are called lichenification.
• Vesicles and blisters- formations with liquid inside. They differ in size (a vesicle larger than 0.5 cm is called a bubble)
• - limited cavity with pus inside

Diseases accompanied by a rash

Rash in newborns

Eruptions of toxic erythema affect half of all full-term newborns. The main elements are white-yellow papules or pustules with a diameter of 1-2 mm, surrounded by a red rim. In some cases, only red spots appear, from a few pieces to an almost complete skin lesion (except for the palms and feet). The maximum rash appears on the 2nd day of life, then the rash gradually disappears. The exact causes of toxic erythema are unknown, the rash resolves on its own.

A condition that affects 20% of all babies by the age of three weeks. On the face, less often on the scalp and neck, a rash appears in the form of inflamed papules and pustules. The cause of the rash is the activation of the sebaceous glands by maternal hormones. Most often, newborn acne does not require treatment, careful hygiene and moisturizing with emollients are necessary. Unlike juvenile acne, newborn acne does not leave spots and scars behind, and disappears up to 6 months.

Frequent rash in newborns, especially in the warm season (see). It is associated with a difficult exit of the contents of the sweat glands and increased moisture of the skin during bandaging. typical place appearances consider the head, face and diaper rash areas. Bubbles, spots, and pustules rarely become inflamed, cause no discomfort, and resolve with good care.

A synonym for this disease is atopic eczema or. Every 10th child suffers from this disease, but not everyone develops a typical triad of symptoms. The triad includes allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma and eczema itself.

The first signs of the disease appear in the first year of life and more often the rash appears on the face, cheeks, extensor surfaces of the arms and legs. The child is worried about unbearable itching, aggravated at night and with temperature, chemical effects on the skin. AT acute stage rashes have the appearance of red papules with scratching and liquid discharge.

In the subacute period, it is characteristic, sometimes its thickening. This is due to the constant combing of the affected areas.

Most children recover from this disease without consequences.
Only with a hereditary predisposition can the disease become chronic with the addition of asthma and allergic rhinitis(cm. ).

allergic rash

With individual intolerance to drugs and foods, a child may develop allergic rashes. They have different shape and size, the rash can be located throughout the body, on the arms, legs, back, stomach. The main distinguishing feature of an allergic rash is its intensification under the action of an allergen and disappearance after the abolition of the latter. Usually severe itching is the only unpleasant effect of such rashes.

• Quincke's edema - in rare cases, a severe reaction of the body to an allergen may occur, most often occurs on drugs or products (see more details). In this case, the rash lasts for quite a long time, and edema forms on the body up to the inability to breathe due to the overlap of the larynx. With a family predisposition to allergies, it is necessary to exclude intolerable foods and medicines.
• Urticaria - can also occur on food, medicines and under the influence of temperature factors (,), sometimes the cause of urticaria is not found (see more details).

Very often, insect bite marks horrify parents and force them to look for infectious causes of such rashes. When any skin rashes appear, you need to analyze where and how long the child spent time. Perhaps the weekend in the village with my grandmother was accompanied by a trip to the forest and a massive attack of midges, so most often bite marks appear on open areas of the skin - in the form of a rash on the arms, legs, face, and neck.

Typical bite marks are caused by the following processes:

• response to toxins
• mechanical injury to the skin
• infection in the wound when combing
• sometimes - infectious diseases transmitted through bites

Bite symptoms:

A rash in a child that requires immediate medical attention

• Accompanied by a fever above 40 degrees
• Covers the entire body, causing unbearable itching
• Associated with vomiting, headache and confusion
• Has the appearance of stellate hemorrhages
• Accompanied by swelling and difficulty breathing

What not to do with a rash in a child

• Squeeze pustules
• burst bubbles
• Allow rashes to comb
• Lubricate with preparations with a bright color (so as not to complicate the diagnosis)

A rash on the body of a child is an important symptom of many diseases. Some of them do not even require treatment and go away on their own, while others threaten health and life. little man. Therefore, in case of any suspicious symptoms, you should consult a doctor and do not self-medicate.

Rash caused by infection

Most common cause a rash on a child's body is a viral or bacterial infection. In turn, among them there are 6 main diseases.

The disease is caused by parvovirus B19, which is common throughout the world. The virus is transmitted by airborne droplets, contact transmission is possible in close children's groups. Symptoms of infectious erythema:

The rash forms on the extensor surfaces, the hands and feet are usually not affected. The fading of the spots occurs gradually, within 1-3 weeks. The rash is usually an immune post-infection complication, so children with erythema patches are not contagious and isolation is not required.

The herpes virus type 6 causes a typical childhood illness - sudden exanthema (roseola). The peak incidence occurs between the ages of 10 months and 2 years, and it is rarely possible to identify contacts with sick children. Transmission usually occurs from adults, by airborne droplets. Symptoms:

Roseola is a very specific disease, but it often goes unrecognized by pediatricians. Since teeth are actively cut at the age of 1 year, fever is attributed to this condition. It must be remembered that from teething there is never a temperature above 38 degrees. In this heat, there is always another reason!

Chicken pox

Chicken pox (chickenpox) is a primary infection with the varicella zoster virus, similar in structure to the herpes simplex virus. Most children become infected before the age of 15. Transmission of the disease occurs through the air or contact (the virus is present in the discharge from the rash). Symptoms:

The varicella-zoster virus in the majority of children who have been ill passes into a latent form, firmly strengthening in nerve cells. Subsequently, a second wave of the disease may occur in the form (Fig. 2.), when bubbles form along the nerve trunk, more often on the lower back.

Complications of the disease are rare, mainly in debilitated children with primary immunodeficiency and AIDS. With congenital chickenpox, there is a possibility of disability and death of the newborn. In 2015, in Russia, the varicella vaccine should be included in the national vaccination schedule.

Meningococcal infection

Meningococcus is a bacterium that normally occurs in the nasopharynx in 5-10% of people without causing serious problems. But under certain conditions, this microbe can cause life-threatening conditions, especially in young children. Meningococcus is transmitted by air, settling in the nasal cavity. With viral infections or a decrease in the quality of life, carriage can turn into active disease. If meningococci are detected in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid, urgent antibiotic treatment is necessary in an intensive care unit.

After entering the blood, the bacterium can cause:

• sepsis (blood poisoning)
• meningitis
• combination of these conditions

Sepsis - the disease begins with an increase in temperature to 41 degrees, indomitable vomiting. During the first day, against the background of pale gray skin, a characteristic petechial rash appears (small bruises that grow and become star-shaped).

Eruptions are located on the limbs, trunk, may rise above the skin, often ulcerate and form scars. At the same time, purulent foci may appear in organs (heart, pericardium, pleural cavity). In young children, sepsis is often fulminant, leading to shock and death.

Meningitis is a more common manifestation of infection. Patients complain of photophobia, headache, impaired consciousness, tension of the occipital muscles. With isolated meningitis, there is no characteristic rash.

Measles

- a previously common viral disease that now occurs in short outbreaks in some regions. AT last years The virus has reared its head again due to massive anti-vaccination agitation. Most people are highly susceptible to the measles virus, so if one child falls ill in the children's team, then 90% of the remaining unvaccinated children are at risk of becoming infected.

The disease proceeds in three stages:

• Incubation (hidden), which lasts 10-12 days. By the 9th day, a sick child is contagious.
• Prodromal (general malaise), lasting 3-5 days. It starts acutely, proceeds with fever, dry cough, runny nose, redness of the eyes. Filatov-Koplik spots appear on the mucous membrane of the cheeks on the 2nd day: whitish-gray dots with a red rim, disappearing within 12-18 hours.
• Eruption period. In parallel with an increase in temperature to 40 degrees, maculopapular points appear behind the ears and along the hairline. During the day, the rash covers the face, descends to the upper chest. After 2-3 days, it reaches the feet, and turns pale on the face. Such a staging of rashes (1 day - face, 2 day - torso, 3 day - limbs) is typical for measles. All this is accompanied by mild itching, sometimes small bruises appear at the site of the rash. After the spots disappear, peeling and a brownish mark may remain, which disappears within 7-10 days.

Complications (usually occur in unvaccinated children):

• otitis media
• pneumonia
• encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)

Diagnosis is usually based on characteristic symptoms, sometimes blood is taken to determine immunoglobulins. Treatment directly against the virus has not been developed, so you just need to alleviate the child's condition with antipyretics. There is evidence that vitamin A supplementation in children with measles significantly mitigates the course of the infection. Vaccination of children can reduce the incidence of the disease and the risk of severe complications. It must be remembered that on the 6-10th day after the introduction of the vaccine, mild signs of the disease may appear (low temperature, a small rash on the child's body), which pass quickly and do not pose a health hazard.

Rubella

Acute viral infection, which affects mainly 5-15 years. Rubella symptoms:

• The latent period is from 2 to 3 weeks. There are no symptoms at this stage, but the child may already be contagious.
• prodromal period. There is a slight malaise, a low rise in temperature, very often this stage goes unnoticed. The occipital and posterior cervical lymph nodes are markedly enlarged.
• Eruption period. A pale pink rash appears on the face, spreads downward quickly, and disappears just as quickly, usually after 3 days. May be accompanied by mild itching. Peeling usually does not remain.

Often, rubella occurs without a rash at all, so it is difficult to distinguish it from other infections. The virus is dangerous mainly for expectant mothers. When infected before the 11th week of pregnancy, most children have congenital malformations. After 16 weeks, the risk of anomalies is low, but there is a possibility of congenital rubella with damage to the brain, skin, eyes. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, all women need to know the level of rubella antibodies in order to vaccinate in their absence.

Scarlet fever

- a disease caused by group A streptococci. This means that the source of infection is not only patients or carriers of scarlet fever, but also people with any pathology caused by these bacteria (tonsillitis, for example). Scarlet fever is transmitted by airborne droplets. Symptoms:

• The hidden period is 2-7 days.
• The prodromal period begins with a rise in temperature, malaise.
• Already on the 1-2 day of the disease, a rash appears that does not affect the nasolabial triangle. The appearance of a child with scarlet fever is characteristic: shining eyes, flaming cheeks, a pale nasolabial triangle. On the body, the rash is more intense in the folds. After 3-7 days, all rashes disappear, leaving peeling behind. Another feature of the disease is the "crimson" tongue - bright, with pronounced papillae.

Infectious mononucleosis

The Epstein-Barr virus, which causes, belongs to a large group of herpes viruses. The disease often affects children and young people, often without a rash or other characteristic symptoms. The degree of contagiousness of patients with mononucleosis is low, so there are no outbreaks in children's groups. Symptoms:

• The main symptom of the disease is an increase lymph nodes, especially posterior cervical, at the same time the liver and spleen increase.
• From the 3rd day of illness, tonsillitis with a white coating on the tonsils, a rise in temperature is possible.
• On the 5th-6th day, a rash occurs infrequently, different in shape and size, disappearing without a trace. If a patient with mononucleosis was prescribed ampicillin, then the likelihood of a rash increases.
• A characteristic feature will appear in the blood test: atypical mononuclear cells, in addition, antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus can be detected.

Differential diagnosis of a rash of infectious origin

Various rashes on the body in babies are quite common. A variety of diseases can lead to the development of rashes, which we will discuss in our article.

Reasons for the appearance

Rashes on the body of a child are important symptom, which speaks of trouble in the children's body. The rash can appear both in newborn babies and in schoolchildren and adolescents. Localization of rashes is the most diverse. Itchy elements bring the baby severe discomfort and significantly disrupt his well-being.

Main reasons:

• The leading cause of itching and rashes on the skin of a baby is allergic pathologies. They can develop at any age. Often the cause of the appearance of adverse symptoms on the skin in infants are various complementary foods introduced into the diet in the first year of life. Older children, as a rule, react violently to honey and propolis, seafood and sea fish, citrus fruits and chocolate.
• In some cases, the development of a contact form of allergy leads allergens directly on the skin. This situation is facilitated by the use of improperly selected children's cosmetics or laundry detergents. The chemical fragrances and dyes contained in such industrial products can have an aggressive effect on the delicate skin of the baby and lead to the appearance of adverse allergy symptoms.

Most allergic pathologies are accompanied by the development of severe itching. It can disturb the baby both day and night. This leads to the fact that the child becomes more irritable, more naughty. Babies may be worse attached to the chest. In some cases, the child develops drowsiness and apathy.

• Quarantine childhood infections- also not a rare cause of itchy skin rashes in a baby. Measles, rubella, chicken pox, scarlet fever and many other infectious pathologies are provocative causes of the appearance of various skin changes. The rash can spread to the hips, back, heels, head, neck, abdomen, chest and other anatomical areas. The course of an infectious disease is usually severe and is accompanied by a high rise in body temperature.
• Violation of the rules of personal hygiene It can also contribute to the appearance of rashes on the skin of a child. In this case, they most often appear on the palms and feet, under the armpits, behind the ears. Quite often, such rashes appear in the smallest children who have not yet been taught to follow the rules of personal hygiene. Itching in such cases may not always be present.

• Itchy red small spots on the skin of a child may appear and after being bitten by various insects. This happens mainly in the warm season, when insects are active. The majority of bites are usually found on open areas of the body. Toddlers living near forests or in rural areas have a higher risk of developing these skin lesions.
• The appearance of characteristic rashes on the skin can also lead to some viral diseases . So, infectious mononucleosis is a fairly common cause of a rash on the skin of a child. Usually the appearance of rashes accompanies a pronounced symptom of intoxication. A sick baby feels very bad, his appetite decreases and sleep is disturbed. Treatment infectious mononucleosis requires the selection of a complex of individual therapy.

• Scabies is an infectious disease accompanied by the appearance of a small rash on the skin. Usually it is localized in areas with high humidity or in the area skin folds. The palms, groin and abdomen are favorite places for the localization of scabies mites. This disease is manifested by the presence of many small red spots on the skin, which are very itchy and bring severe discomfort to the baby.

• In some cases, the appearance of a skin rash is a symptom of a very life-threatening disease. These pathologies include meningitis. Some forms this disease cause the child to appear on the skin of multiple purple rashes. This symptom is an extremely unfavorable sign. Treatment of meningitis is carried out only in stationary conditions.
• Skin rash in newborns and infants can develop in some other situations. These include excessive overheating and wrapping the baby during the warm season. This contributes to a violation of thermoregulation, which ultimately manifests itself in the child with the appearance of symptoms of prickly heat. These manifestations occur on the skin of the baby in places of direct contact with clothing.
• In young patients, the development of whitish rashes on the skin can lead to toxic erythema. This pathological condition is characterized by the appearance on the skin of a large number of white skin elements that are close enough to each other. With the course of the development of the disease, such rashes can already cover the entire body of the baby. Scientists have not established a single reason for the development of this pathological condition in children.

• AT adolescence on the face, neck, chest and upper back in children, various pustular rashes. Inside these skin formations is pus. When pressed, it easily flows out. The appearance of such pustules is associated with a change in the hormonal background, which manifests itself in adolescents during puberty. To eliminate adverse symptoms, the correct selection of medical cosmetics is required, and in some cases also the intake of drugs inside.
• The development of rashes in a baby can lead to neurodermatitis. This condition is accompanied by the appearance of a rash in the folds of the arms and legs, as well as in the face. This disease has predominantly neurological causes. Accompanied by the appearance of a rash, usually severe itching. To treat these adverse symptoms, a whole range of different medicines.

• Various subspecies can also lead to the appearance of loose elements on the skin in babies. herpes viruses. They can cause a rosacea rash. Clinical signs This infection in many cases duplicates the symptoms of a normal fever, which is common in babies. The course of the pathology, as a rule, is severe and is accompanied by a strong rise in body temperature, the values ​​of which can even reach 40 degrees.
• Fungi that live on the skin, can also cause the development of rashes. In this case, the rash appears on almost all parts of the body. Most of all, pathogenic fungi like to live in the scalp, on the nails, as well as in places of skin folds. Increased sweating only creates more favorable conditions for reproduction of fungal pathogenic flora. The development of adverse symptoms is usually gradual.
• Fungal pathologies are most often found in babies with signs of immunodeficiency states. Also at risk for the development of a fungal rash are children suffering from diabetes and other metabolic diseases. To eliminate the adverse symptoms of a fungal infection, a treatment complex is required, which includes the use of antifungal drugs.

Symptoms

The appearance of the rash can be very different. Quite often, numerous spots appear on the skin of a child. They may be red or pink in color. Usually in their size they reach 5-8 mm.

Allergic spots are usually they itch strongly and spread almost all over the body. A large accumulation of skin elements is located on the back, on the neck, feet, elbows and other parts of the body. An allergic rash is usually quite small and itchy. The appearance of these rashes is directly related to the ingestion of some allergen into the child's body.

Many infectious diseases are manifested by the appearance of blisters on the baby's skin. This is how chickenpox usually proceeds. With this disease, the child develops numerous blisters that cover almost all of the skin. They usually have a yellow or bloody fluid inside. Loose elements can persist for 5-7 days, and then gradually completely disappear.

A rash on the skin of a baby can also be manifested by various vesicles. These are relatively large vesicles filled with serous fluid inside. The wall of such formations is usually dense, but may crack when touched. In this case, the liquid flows out, and a bleeding wound remains in place of such an element. These manifestations often occur when the skin is infected with some pathogenic species staphylococci.

The appearance of bright red areas on the skin of infants, which can be very itchy, is a sign development of diaper dermatitis. Quite often, this situation leads to wearing the wrong diapers. The development of an allergic reaction can be facilitated by the chemical components of the absorbent layer, which is in direct contact with the child's inguinal zone. The appearance of bright spots in the groin, buttocks and thighs of the chest may be characteristic symptom diaper dermatitis.

The appearance of a rash on the skin rarely becomes an isolated symptom. General state sick baby also worsens. His appetite decreases and his mood changes. The child becomes more capricious, refuses to play with his favorite toys.

Severe itching leads to the fact that the baby increases nervousness. Many infectious diseases occur in a child with the development pronounced syndrome of intoxication. A sick baby has a rise in body temperature. At its height, fever or chills may appear.

The child begins to have a severe headache, dizziness and general weakness may develop. The skin becomes dry and pale, they are usually cold to the touch.

Diagnostics

Only the attending physician can determine the specific pathology. To do this, you should definitely show the child to the doctor if he has any skin rashes. Pediatricians are involved in the treatment of infectious diseases in babies. If the pathology is of a fungal or bacterial origin, then pediatric dermatologists also join the treatment.

To establish the correct diagnosis a number of tests are required. General analysis blood allows you to identify any signs of bacterial and viral infections. ESR increase indicates the presence of inflammation in the child's body. A large number of neutrophils indicates that the cause of the rash on the skin could be some allergic reaction or a bacterial infection.

To identify the causative agent of the disease and conduct differential diagnosis in some cases carried out collection of biological material from the skin. This is required for scraping. The resulting material is sent to the laboratory, where laboratory doctors conduct a thorough study of it and identify the causative agents of the skin disease.

In some complex cases of diagnosis, more accurate tests are also required - PCR or ELISA. These studies are necessary to identify a number of microbes that cannot be detected by any other methods or laboratory tests. The biological material for such examinations is venous blood.

With the help of the determination of specific antibodies, a variety of childhood infections are diagnosed.

How to treat?

The most important condition for proper treatment- establishment of the correct diagnosis. The selection of the therapy regimen is carried out individually, taking into account the cause that caused the appearance of adverse symptoms in the child. For the treatment of allergic rashes, various antihistamines are used. They can be used as ointments, creams or tablets. Such means include "Claritin", "Suprastin", "Zirtek" and others.

Duration of admission antihistamines usually is 7-10 days. They are prescribed, as a rule, 1-2 times a day. After taking the first doses of medicines, the baby begins to feel much better. It reduces itching, improves mood and sleep. For course use, other groups of drugs that are well combined with antihistamines can also be used.

Can also be used to treat itchy rashes lotions with medicinal herbs. Chamomile, calendula, string are suitable for this. Brew such herbs should be according to the instructions for the package.

They should be used until completely eliminated. skin rashes. Also, these herbs are suitable for the prevention of the formation of various rashes on the skin.

If a staphylococcal or streptococcal infection has led to the appearance on the skin of a baby, then in this case it is already required prescribing antibiotics. Penicillins, macrolides and cephalosporins of the latest generations cope with such pathogenic flora most successfully. These funds can be used both in the form of tablets and through injections. The course of treatment is usually calculated for 5-10 days, depending on the initial type of microorganisms that caused the development of this disease.

To eliminate other accompanying symptoms is used symptomatic therapy. So, you can normalize high body temperature with the help of antipyretic drugs. The most commonly used drugs in children are paracetamol and ibuprofen. These funds have a minimum side effects and can quickly improve the well-being of the child.

For a quick recovery, multivitamin complexes are also used. These medicines contain in their composition the amount of vitamins and trace elements necessary for the child's body. These components help to restore the baby's immunity weakened during the illness and improve its general condition.

Multivitamin complexes can be used for 1-2 months.

For information on what a rash can be in children, see the following video.

Do not think that your baby's skin will be as smooth and velvety as in the photo from the postcard. Skin rashes and other irregularities are common in infants, but should be distinguished when a rash is a sign of illness. If in doubt, be sure to show the child to the doctor.

A rash is a pathological element on the skin (or mucous membranes) that differs from normal skin in color, texture, appearance. The rash may consist of blisters, spots, papules, blisters that appear on healthy skin, against the background of redness or in place of old elements. All this is important for making the correct diagnosis.

In most newborns, white dots can be seen on the face, which are called "miles". This is completely normal and goes away in a few days.

Causes of the rash

Baby's skin is an extremely sensitive and delicate organ that reacts to literally everything. Causes of skin rashes in infants can be:
food allergies, including what mom eats
drug rash
contact dermatitis
diaper dermatitis
atopic dermatitis
prickly heat
hives
neonatal acne
infectious rash

Consider each type of rash.

food allergy

A food allergy is a pink or red rash that looks like a nettle sting. Most often, it appears on the cheeks and chin in the form of scaly patches, but it can also appear on the legs, abdomen, back, and forearms. With a particularly severe allergic poisoning or regular intake of an allergen, the rash takes the form of a scab and begins to get wet.

If the baby is breastfed, the mother's diet may be the cause of the rash. Try to consistently eliminate the following allergenic foods: red fish, whole milk, veal, citrus fruits, nuts, tomatoes.

Proteins found in artificial formulas can also cause a skin reaction. Too early or incorrectly started complementary foods also have a dangerous allergic potential, so it is recommended to consult a pediatrician before.

drug rash

Arises as side effect(not) after taking medicines (antibiotics, hormonal preparations and etc.). Provoke a rash and vitamin complexes, tablet shells, fluorine, iron, many herbal preparations. If you associate the appearance of a rash with some kind of medicine, then the first thing to do is stop taking it. If after this the rash does not disappear, you should consult a doctor.

contact dermatitis

It looks like a small rash or chafing of the skin. Most often, it occurs in response to washing powders enriched with fragrances and, especially, rinses. In addition, the materials that children's clothing is made from (especially wool and synthetic fibers) can also trigger rashes.

Diaper dermatitis

With diaper dermatitis, symptoms (redness, vesicles, peeling) appear on the skin exclusively in the diaper area. Its causes are prolonged skin contact with a wet cloth or creases in diapers. This is not an allergy, so there is no need to use antiallergic drugs. The main principle of the treatment of diaper dermatitis is proper care, timely diaper change . Ointments "Bepanten", "Drapolen", "D-panthenol", "Boro-plus" have an excellent healing effect.

If diaper dermatitis is not treated, a bacterial infection can join it. In this case, you must consult a doctor. For treatment, antibacterial ointments (for example, Baneocin), as well as antifungal agents as prescribed by a doctor, can be used.

Prickly heat

It can occur in a child of the first year of life at almost any time of the year, it looks like a small pink rash, slightly convex to the touch. More often located in the neck, chest. The reason is prolonged sweating of the skin, especially in heat. Quite often, prickly heat accompanies overheating and insufficient care. Miliaria is not contagious and usually does not cause negative feelings in the child. With normalization of temperature and care, prickly heat passes. To speed up the process, regular baby powder helps a lot.

Hives

It looks like a nettle burn and has many causes. In some children, it may occur under the influence of cold, heat, sun, from strong excitement. Also, a hives-like rash can appear from too tight elastic on clothes or when rubbing the straps (car seats, backpack, etc.).

If the hives persist for a long time, you should consult a doctor. The basis of the treatment of urticaria - application antihistamines: "Suprastin", "Zirtek", "Fenistil", etc.). With severe itching, ointments with menthol, anesthesin can help. In severe cases, hormonal ointments are prescribed.

Atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is allergic disease. The reasons for it can be different: this is an incorrect menu for a nursing mother, and complementary foods introduced at the wrong time, and dysbacteriosis, and hereditary predisposition, and incorrect hygiene procedures and the use of irritating cosmetics. Atopic dermatitis in baby may begin with a slight swelling on the forehead and cheeks. The skin on the arms and buttocks also turns red and peels off, then on the legs. After a while, small bubbles pour out, the baby is worried about itching. In addition, the tonsils and adenoids may increase.

The diagnosis is established only by a doctor. The main thing in the treatment of atopic dermatitis is to recognize and eliminate the allergen. Antihistamines are used to relieve symptoms. medications. Ointments, decoctions of herbs, as well as biological products and medicinal products will help to cope with dermatitis. dairy products. Artificial babies are prescribed hypoallergenic soy-based nutrition. When breastfeeding, allergens (honey, condensed milk, nuts, carrots, citrus fruits) should be excluded from the mother's diet.

neonatal acne

This type of rash is also known as neonatal acne. Such a rash affects about 20-30% of children in the first weeks and months of life, looks like small imperceptible pimples on the face, neck and scalp. Neonatal acne is not a contagious disease, it is not dangerous and does not require medication or other specific treatment. Pimples do not have a comedone - a clogged pore. They rarely fester and form pronounced foci of inflammation. Most often they look like changes in the relief of the skin (in some cases they can only be detected by touch). Doctors attribute their occurrence to the improvement of the hormonal background of a newborn child, as well as to the colonization of the skin by certain types of yeast fungi, which are normally part of the microflora. In most cases, the disease resolves on its own within 1 to 3 months.

Infectious rash

It occurs as a symptom of infectious diseases and differs in appearance depending on the disease. Treatment is prescribed only by a doctor, and it is mainly aimed not at the rash, but at fighting the infection.

- roseola baby (three-day fever). This infectious disease also called "sudden exanthema". It affects only children under the age of 2 years, the causative agents are herpes viruses 6 and 7 types. At the beginning of the disease, the child has a strong and inexplicable temperature rise, which falls exactly on the third day. With a decrease in temperature, the baby suddenly becomes covered with pink-red patchy rash. It passes without a trace in 4-7 days. When the temperature rises, you can use paracetamol, ibuprofen.

- scarlet fever. A small dotted rash of scarlet color occurs on the neck, back and chest, gradually spreading to the whole body. As a rule, the rash is one of the first symptoms of scarlet fever, but in some cases it appears on the second day after infection. With the spread of infectious rashes, the face acquires a characteristic appearance - the nasolabial triangle remains white and stands out in contrast. The rash disappears quickly with antibiotics.

- chicken pox. Rash on the 1st or 2nd day along with high fever. First, a spot appears that turns into a vesicle, the vesicle bursts and an abscess forms, which heals and a crust forms. The rash affects the entire body at once (250-500 elements). characteristic feature- the presence of a rash on the scalp. Chickenpox lasts 3-5 days, followed by normalization of temperature, the crusts fall off later.

- measles. With measles, the rash does not appear immediately, but on days 3-5 of high body temperature. The rash is very large, bright, papular, profuse. This disease is characterized by a certain sequence: first, protruding flaming papules appear on the face and behind the ears, then on the body and arms, and lastly on the lower body and legs. As a rule, a measles rash is not the first sign of the disease, and its appearance indicates an improvement that has begun - with the end of the spread of the rash, the temperature drops and the patient is on the mend. In addition, the healing of the rash indicates that there is no danger of infection through contact with an ill child.

- rubella. The rash occurs on the 3-4th day of temperature, characterized by an increase in the occipital lymph nodes. The rash is often mild, localized on the face, trunk, limbs, but less clearly than with measles. Remains 3-4 days.

– enterovirus infection"mouth-foot-palm". The rash appears against the background of a mild disease with damage to the oral mucosa. For such an intestinal infection, lesions of the hands and feet are characteristic.

The main causes of the appearance of red spots on the body of a child are considered. Symptoms of diseases that cause them and how to distinguish them from the manifestation of an allergic reaction.

It just so happened that in the house where there is Small child, mother performs the functions of a pediatrician, dermatologist, infectious disease specialist, teacher, educator and many others. Parents are especially responsible for the health of the baby, because the child's body can react to foods familiar to adults, cosmetics, clothes and other ordinary things are extremely specific.

An allergic skin reaction is the most common problem in young children. Therefore, every mother should know what spots look like with allergies in a child, as well as how to distinguish this disease from other possible ailments.

Causes of allergies in children in the form of red spots on the body

Frequent allergies in children are caused by the fact that the immature immune system of the child's body does not adequately respond to various substances that enter it.

At risk for allergies are children whose parents suffer from allergic diseases.

This means that it is legitimate to talk about a genetic, hereditary predisposition to the development of an allergic reaction. Also, more often than other children, crumbs who were born prematurely or with low weight get to see a pediatrician with skin rashes.

A provoking factor for the development of an allergic reaction of the body is an unfavorable environmental situation, frequent viral diseases, and intestinal dysbacteriosis.

The most common causes of allergic red spots on the body of a child are:

Photo: Severe allergic reaction in the form of spots on the back of a child

• food products;
• hygiene products;
• room dust, or rather, the waste products of a dust mite;
• medicinal preparations;
• vegetable pollen;
• chemical substances;
• protein compounds of animal saliva;
• poisonous components of insect saliva, etc.

Dermatologists and pediatricians distinguish the following types of allergies on the skin of a child, depending on the root cause of its occurrence:

• food allergy;
• hives;
• toxidermia;
• photodermatosis;
• dermatitis.

In addition to skin reactions, allergies in children may be accompanied by rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma attacks, and laryngeal edema. Therefore, when the first alarming signs appear, it is urgent to show the baby to a highly qualified specialist in order to prevent the occurrence of complications.

food allergy

Food allergies are the most common type of childhood allergic reaction, especially in infants. This is primarily due to the quality and composition of the consumed products. Today, store shelves are bursting with an abundance of food, but it is extremely difficult to find a product without preservatives, dyes and genetically modified additives. Food allergens enter the baby's body with mother's milk. It is for this reason that all mothers are recommended a strict diet upon discharge from the hospital.

However, the risk of allergen penetration through breast milk in no case should mothers be encouraged to refuse breastfeeding.

If a woman monitors her diet, does not overeat, is not fond of certain foods, forgetting about others, allergic complications in a child rarely occur. Moreover, when it comes time to expand the baby's diet, introduce additional foods, those children who were breastfed tolerate this process much more easily.

At the same time, daily pediatricians are faced with such a problem as food allergy, which occurs in children of the first years of life and is associated with artificial feeding and / or the introduction of complementary foods after artificial feeding. As statistics show, than before a child transfer to artificial feeding, the more likely he is to get a food allergy.

The fragile organism of the baby cannot yet fully adapt to the new conditions of life and nutrition.

In addition, in the first 4-6 months of life, maternal immune proteins circulate in the child's body, which are transmitted, among other things, with mother's milk.

They help the child adjust to big world, And his immune system- to get stronger, to prepare for "independent" work. If there are none, or there are few of them, the still unformed immunity has too intense a load. He does not cope, giving out severe allergic reactions.

This pathology manifests itself in small rashes on the body, which can merge into round spots.

• Rashes are most often localized on the cheeks of babies and are popularly called diathesis.
• Skin rash is accompanied by itching and burning. Very often, the baby is worried about pain in the tummy, indigestion (vomiting, diarrhea, nausea).
• In especially severe cases, the lips, mucous membranes of the eyes, and larynx may swell up to the point of stopping breathing.

The described symptoms fit into the picture of angioedema angioedema, which, along with anaphylactic shock, is life threatening condition..

The most highly allergenic foods are:

• milk protein casein,
• chocolate,
• eggs,
• citrus,
• Strawberry,
• eggs,
• yeast baking.

When this type of allergy occurs, the most important thing is to identify and eliminate the effect of the allergen on the patient's body.

Hives

Urticaria is an allergic dermatitis that is characterized by rashes all over the body in the form of pale pink blisters. Outwardly, the elements of the rash are very similar to burns after skin contact with nettles. The causes of hives can be a variety of factors and very often it is a reaction to a medication.

In children different ages the symptoms of the disease may differ, but, as practice shows, up to 6 months this type of allergy practically does not occur.

From six months to two years, urticaria develops in response to:

1. the use of highly allergenic foods,
2. the use of cosmetics with a large number of fragrances, dyes and other additives.

There is a high risk of developing urticaria on clothing items: for example, 16% of children, according to the Allergist Association, are allergic to natural wool.

Chronic urticaria in young children develops against the background of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver pathologies, leukemia, connective tissue pathologies.

Symptoms of urticaria depend on the severity of the pathological process:

• Initially, blisters and pink spots appear on the skin, which have bright red circles around the edge. The rash protrudes above the level of the skin and is distinguished by the symmetry of the arrangement of the elements.
• Besides feature urticaria is the complete reversibility of pathological changes.
• As the skin recovers, it clears up, scars and pigmentation do not form on it, and there are no traces of a rash.

Treatment of this type of allergy is based on the use of H1-antihistamine drugs.

Toxicoderma (toxiderma)

Toxicoderma is a group of dermatological diseases, which are based on an allergic reaction of the body. This type diseases are characterized by acute inflammatory processes on the skin and mucous membranes in children.

Depending on the root cause of the disease, food, infectious, drug and other types of toxidermia are distinguished. As medical practice shows, most often the development of this pathology is based on allergic reaction to a drug.

With toxicoderma in children, the severity of the clinical picture depends on the severity of the allergic reaction. But, most often it is the appearance of itching on any part of the body, small vesicles appear in the same place, which can increase significantly and turn into papules that merge into large foci.

In this case, the baby may be disturbed by symptoms of a general malaise of intoxication:

• hyperthermia (increased body temperature);
• weakness, lethargy;
• nausea;
• dehydration;
• loss of appetite;
• pallor;
• headache.

In especially severe cases, Quincke's edema may develop, affecting the brain. anaphylactic shock. Therefore, when the first neoplasms appear on the baby's skin, it is urgent to show it to the pediatrician so as not to endanger the health and life of the crumbs.

Photodermatosis

Photodermatosis is special form an allergic reaction that occurs due to hypersensitivity the child's body sunshine.

Children under 3 years of age are at risk for this disease. The following factors contribute to the occurrence of photodermatosis:

• pre-existing allergies of any type;
• transferred viral diseases;
• taking antibiotics or other photosensitizing drugs;
• chronic diseases of the hepatobiliary system and kidneys.

Symptoms of photodermatosis can be red rashes on skin exposed to clothing, lacrimation, swelling of the face, especially in the nasolabial triangle.

It is important to note that there are two forms of sun allergy - actually polymorphic photodermatosis and solar urticaria. They appear a little differently.

If the mother noticed that after exposure to the sun, the baby’s body is covered with pink spots with blisters, then it is necessary to bring the child into the room, wash the skin clean water, give an antihistamine and show the baby to a specialist.

The rash with photodermatosis is very similar to the manifestations sunburn or any other allergic disease. Therefore, a highly qualified doctor should be engaged in the diagnosis and treatment.

Dermatitis

Dermatitis is also a type of dermatological allergy. The reasons for the development of this disease are different.

characteristic of dermatitis clinical picture which appears:

• redness,
• scuffs,
• scaly, rough skin in the pathological focus.

In the absence of adequate treatment and care, the rashes are covered with blisters, which, opening up, form wound weeping foci. When the infection enters the inflamed foci, the vesicles become purulent and can have many adverse effects on the health of the child.

In place of spots with allergies, a child may have roughness, depigmented areas in the form of white spots. So that in the future the child does not worry about cosmetic defects, it is necessary to timely diagnose and treat allergies.

Localization of allergic red spots on the body of a child

Characteristic of allergic red spots on the body of a child is their arbitrary location. But pediatricians restored some connection between the allergen and the location of the allergic focus:

• allergy on foot appears when exposed to an allergen by contact or aerogenic means (household chemicals, plants, cosmetic products);
• appear with food allergies, as well as with an allergic reaction to the sun's rays;
• in the language most often a rash appears with urticaria, against the background of drug allergies;
• on the pope infants most often develop a rash with diaper dermatitis, with allergies to chemical and cosmetic products, very often this type of rash is complicated by a secondary infection;
• skin rashes on back and stomach often confused with common prickly heat, but they occur due to contact, food or drug allergies, single pink spots can merge into a single large spot;
• on hands most often there are red spots with allergies to food, especially often the foci are diagnosed on the elbow bend;
• on the palms an allergic reaction manifests itself upon contact with household chemicals, detergents, as well as when using low-quality rubber or plastic toys.

In any case, only a qualified doctor can accurately diagnose the disease and identify its root cause.

Differential Diagnosis

Given the fact that many diseases can be accompanied by the appearance of red spots on the body of a child, it is necessary to learn how to differentiate allergies from other pathologies. A significant difference is the nature and location of the elements of the rash.

You need to differentiate allergies from other diseases that can cause red spots on the body (all photos can be enlarged):

Reaction	Characteristics of red spots on the body of a child	A photo
Insect bites	They appear mainly after a night's sleep in open areas of the body, have a regular round shape with a slight protrusion in the center, itching and pain are present at the bite site.
Prickly heat	A small nodular rash that can appear on any part of the body where there is high humidity and insufficient hygiene, but most often these are skin folds (behind the ears, on the neck, on the buttocks, in the groin).
molluscum contagiosum	A viral disease, manifested by small nodular rashes all over the body, which at first resemble white spots, later a seal appears in the center of the spot, which grows from 1 to 10 mm, sometimes children are worried about itching at the site of the neoplasm.
Scarlet fever	A childhood infectious disease that is very similar to a food allergy rash, but with the appearance of characteristic symptoms: “raspberry tongue”, white nasolabial triangle, sore throat, etc., it will not be difficult to distinguish scarlet fever;
Chickenpox	Infectious disease, which is characterized by hyperthermia, general weakness, enlargement of regional lymph nodes. Rash characteristic: rashes most often appear on the scalp; in the center of the red round spot, a vesicle appears, filled with serous contents, which bursts and becomes covered with a crust; the rash is accompanied by intense itching.
Measles	With this infection, the appearance of a rash is preceded by a strong cough against the background of high fever, and only on the 3-4th day the baby's body is covered small rash, which merges into one large spot.
Rubella	An infectious disease in which the lymph nodes increase, a small red rash appears on the face, and later "leaves" down the whole body.
Scabies	A contagious dermatological disease in which the patient is concerned not so much with specks on the arms, abdomen and lateral surfaces of the thighs, but with severe nocturnal itching; a characteristic black rash is the dual arrangement of the elements of the rash (the entrance and exit of the scabies mite).
ringworm pink	A disease with an incompletely understood etiology, but with several characteristic features: a large oval red spot appears at the site of the rash, which becomes rough and is called the "maternal plaque", only after that the rash spreads throughout the body, after a single illness, the patient develops lifelong immunity.
Roseola baby or pseudorubella	The disease that small children suffer from is manifested by critical indicators of body temperature, and confluent red small bubbling rashes all over the body, which disappear without a trace after 3-4 days.
Infectious erythema	The disease caused by parvovirus is characterized by symptoms of general malaise, high temperature body, muscle and joint pain, and a red rash on the face.

Video: Dr. Komarovsky about a rash in children (including red spots)

Treatment of allergic red spots on the body of a child

All mothers are wondering how to treat such rashes on the baby's body. Once again I want to remind you that a qualified doctor should deal with the treatment of any disease in children. The complex of antiallergic measures should be aimed at:

• identification of the allergen and elimination of its contact with the child's body;
• systemic therapy with antihistamines rectal suppositories crushed into baby food tablets or syrups (for babies), as well as the actual tablets for older children;
• local treatment with ointments, gels, creams;
• increasing the immune defense of the body;
• dietary hypoallergenic food.

In order to eliminate allergic spots on the child's body, a reception is prescribed antihistamines:

• Fenistil,
• Eden,
• claritin,
• Tavegil.

The choice of the drug, the calculation of its dose and the duration of the course of treatment will be made by the attending doctor, taking into account individual features and age of the patient.

To eliminate itching and redness, it is advisable to supplement systemic treatment with local therapy. For children use antihistamine ointments and gels:

• Gistan,
• Fenistil.

In particularly difficult cases and only if recommended by a doctor, they can be used in short courses. hormonal ointments:

• Elokom,
• Advantan.

Many parents ask how to smear spots on a child with allergies and whether iodine can be used for this purpose.

Let's just say that the choice of a drug for external use is the competence of a doctor, but iodine should not be used for allergies, since it itself can cause an allergic reaction.

In addition, when applying iodine to the very thin, delicate, but already irritated skin of a child, you can injure it even more, which will lead to serious consequences, up to a burn.

Most often, mothers ask doctors how quickly allergy spots in children pass. This question is very individual and depends on the correct approach to treatment and the degree of neglect of the pathological process. But on average, improvements occur after 7-10 days from the start of treatment.

The main thing in the treatment of any disease is to listen carefully to the doctor and regularly follow all the appointments!