Seborrheic nevus (nevus of Yadasson, nevus of the sebaceous glands). How to treat hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands on the face On the head of the nevus of the sebaceous gland

Nevus Yadasson is a neoplasm on the skin of a person that occurs with pathology sebaceous glands. The disease manifests itself in the form of a tumor on the skin in those places on the head where the sebaceous glands are modified under the influence of a number of factors.

This can happen in utero, at birth, or within a few years after the baby is born. Histological examination and a specific morphological picture will make it possible to establish a diagnosis and select an actual method of therapy.

Seborrheic nevi are equally often observed in female and male patients, developing against the background of proliferation, malformation of apocrine glands, hair follicles, epidermal cells.

Skin lesions may be beige or pale pink. They do not grow hair and have benign character, that is, they do not pose a danger to human health. But in the presence of a number of negative factors, a small plaque on the head can transform into a dangerous malignant tumor.

The causes of the formation of Yadasson's nevus have not been fully established. official medicine, but there is a list of factors contributing to the development of the pathology of the sebaceous glands:

A plaque on the scalp can degenerate into a malignant tumor with hyperplasia. Previously, several plaques on the scalp or in the region of the human face merge into one large formation from 2 mm to 10 cm in diameter with a limited, bumpy surface.
Nevi appear in those people who have a genetic predisposition to this disease. The defective gene is passed to the child from one of the parents, increasing the likelihood of a typical nevus degenerate into a dangerous cancer.
With prolonged manifestation of rosacea on the skin. Such a symptom cannot be ignored: a person needs to consult a dermatologist so that simple rashes do not provoke malignancy of seborrheic plaques.
Pathology is more often diagnosed in patients suffering from chronic systemic diseases. Especially, inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which long time left without adequate treatment.
Provoke nevi and environmental factors: irritants of thermal and chemical nature. Therefore, people with a predisposition to this disease should avoid prolonged exposure to the scorching sun in summer and outdoors in winter, carefully select products for hair, face and neck skin care.

Sebaceous nevi can provoke an adenoma located on the face or part of the head with hairline. Adenomas increase in size slowly, corrode the skin, leave deep defects, but they respond well to treatment.

Timely referral to medical institution increases the risks of maintaining the aesthetics of the scalp, and preventing the recurrence of the disease.

Stages of disease development

Seborrheic nevus is a disease in which the sebaceous glands gradually deform and lose their main functions. This leads to the appearance of neoplasms on the skin, which is popularly called a mole of fat content.

Plaques can form on the skin even in the prenatal period of fetal development, in an infant at birth, as well as in older children.

Genetically, a nevus is rarely transmitted from parents to children, in most cases this disease is sporadic. The disease develops in three stages, depending on the degree of change in the function of the sebaceous glands:

The first stage is characteristic of infants and children of the first years of life. The nevus is pale pink in color, hairless, smooth, but has papillae. It responds most well to treatment, rarely recurs after surgical removal.
The second stage is typical for teenagers. The formations look like spherical papules, closely adjacent to one another. They are yellowish or light brown in color and visually resemble warts.
The third stage is diagnosed in adolescence. Nevus at this stage is dangerous for human health, since malignancy can occur in its thickness. The older a person becomes, the more likely malignancy of the neoplasm on the scalp. In every 4th patient, a specialist determines hydradenoma, basiloma, papillary cystadenoma. Slightly less commonly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma, tumors of apocrine glands, infundibulomas.

Important! The growth of the glandular tissue of the sebaceous glands can be dangerous to human life, since it often transforms into a rapidly progressive adenocarcinoma. With extensive skin lesions, its epidermal structure is disturbed, the risk of recurrence of the disease increases after surgical treatment.

In the presence of such a problem, it is worth undergoing an examination, choosing the most suitable method of treatment for a particular patient. This will help reduce the likelihood of recurrence of the disease and the formation of cancerous processes on human skin.

Symptoms of pathology

Nevus Yadasson is not characterized by systemic symptoms. A neoplasm appears on the skin of the scalp during fetal development or after birth. It grows slowly, thickens, gradually rising above the surface of the skin.

As a result, seborrhea acquires a papillomatous appearance, and every 10th case is characterized by neoplastic changes that look like nodules or ulcers.

Medicine also knows cases when the disease was accompanied by the following symptoms:

visual anomalies;
disturbances in the work of the central nervous system;
skeletal pathologies.

During the diagnosis, it is required to differentiate the nevus with other neoplasms.

Diagnostic methods

With a nevus on the head, you will need to collect an anamnesis, paying attention to the time the formation appeared. The doctor should check with the patient or his relatives if anyone in the family has had similar cases. General inspection and laboratory diagnostics will allow you to make an accurate diagnosis by differentiating the usual nevus from skin cancer, dermal aplasia, solidary mastocytoma, papillary nevus.

The latter disease is distinguished by a particularly intense pink color of the plaques on the skin, and the mastocytoma is characterized by a completely different structure.

To finally clarify the diagnosis, determine the depth of the neoplasm and characterize its features, histology is carried out. You can prevent the development of cancer by checking for atypical cells.

Also, if necessary, it is worth taking a smear that determines the risk of degeneration of the neoplasm, but you need to understand: the procedure is accompanied by injury to the nevus, which increases the risk of its degeneration into a malignant tumor.

Treatment of nevus Yadasson

Treatment of pathology is carried out exclusively on the recommendations of a specialized specialist. Attempts to treat or remove a nevus on their own can provoke irreversible consequences: the degeneration of the formation into a malignant tumor. Most effective method The solution to the problem is the surgical removal of the nevus, however, it is indicated only before the age of the patient's puberty.

The excision of the neoplasm is carried out under general anesthesia or local anesthesia on a thin strip with a healthy epithelium. If one operation does not completely remove the tumor of the sebaceous glands, it is excised in stages with minimal interruptions between procedures.

It is necessary to carry out the operation exclusively in oncological clinics, and it is important to send each remote area of the epithelium for histological analysis.

After removal of the nevus, a seam must be applied to the edges of the wound. But if the size of the formation is excessively large or it is located on the face, neck, chest, it is worth using a skin graft. The seam closes sterile dressing. Dressing and treatment with an antiseptic is done every day for a 7-day period after the operation. After the wound has healed, the stitches are removed.

There are other types of removal of neoplasms on the skin of the head:

using a laser;
cryodestruction;
electrocautery.

But these methods of treating a nevus cannot guarantee the patient a complete recovery, since they do not exclude the risk of re-growth of the skin formation.

The details of nevus removal are described in the following video:

Probability of malignancy

Nevus Yadassohn in rare cases can degenerate into a malignant tumor: basal cell carcinoma occurs in 15% of cases. Even less often, an epithelial adenoma of benign etymology can develop. Perhaps the appearance of concomitant diseases such as blepharitis or rhinophyma. Most dangerous complication Nevus is a basal cell carcinoma that occurs in patients 40 years of age or older.

Malignancy occurs as a result of trauma to the skin neoplasm, therefore it is important to protect the affected area of the skin from mechanical damage, exposure sunlight, low temperatures.

On a note! Plaques are often located on the skin in the scalp, so the formation can be injured by a comb when combing the hair.

Since the tumor is benign, in itself it does not pose a danger to human health and life, however, its traumatization, hormonal changes in the body and other factors can provoke the degeneration of a nevus into malignant neoplasm. Therefore, experts recommend removing the problem before the child reaches puberty.

Nevus of the sebaceous glands is a skin pathology caused by disorders in the formation and development of the sebaceous glands. Most often it is congenital, but occasionally it can be acquired throughout life. Due to the specific appearance many are afraid this disease which is harmless in most cases. The causes, signs and methods of treatment will be considered in this article.

Causes and stages

Another name for the pathology is Yadasson's nevus. This specific development benign tumor due to excessive division and growth of the glandular epithelium, cells of the hair follicles and epidermis. Occurs mainly in infants education, equally often affects boys and girls.

The exact reasons for the development of given time not defined. Some experts believe that the occurrence of this type of nevus is due to a hereditary predisposition or is associated with hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands that has arisen under the influence of hormonal disruptions.

Seborrheic nevus has three stages of development:

First stage. On the skin of a newborn, smooth, small neoplasms appear, devoid of hair, on their surface there are many papillae.
Second stage. Formed in adolescents during puberty. On the skin are formed spherical papules of yellow, yellowish-brown or pink color. They are closely adjacent to each other, and visually resemble warts. If accidentally damaged, they may bleed.
Third stage. It is diagnosed in young girls and boys. At this age, the disease is a warty growth on the skin. In 25% of patients, the formation is malignant, that is, it degenerates into an oncological pathology of the skin. Most often it is a basalioma, cases of hidradenoma, cystadenoma, keratoacanthoma or squamous cell carcinoma are also diagnosed.

Rarely, a genetically determined sebaceous nevus syndrome is encountered - skin neoplasms of a linear form, mental retardation and epilepsy. Another rare form is a common sebaceous nevus.

Apart from skin manifestations, patients suffer from visual impairment, vascular pathology, and lesions of the central nervous system.

Signs of pathology

Nevus (sebaceous) is easy to diagnose by outward signs. Neoplasms are located most often on the head (in its scalp) and are single oval or linear areas of baldness, slightly protruding above the level of the skin. The surface of the nevi is covered with waxy scaly plaques.

The shade of nevi can be different - from light yellow to brown, resembling a mole. There are also neoplasms of a pinkish color.

The surface is velvety, warty to the touch. Sizes vary from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Specialists described large nevi, larger than a matchbox.

Diagnostics

At the appointment, the doctor collects an anamnesis. Special attention is given to clarifying information about when the disease appeared and whether there were similar manifestations in relatives.

A preliminary diagnosis can be established on the basis of a visual examination.

Nevus of the sebaceous glands should be distinguished from diseases such as:

skin aplasia.
Syringocystadematous nevus.
Juvenile xanthogranuloma.
Solitary mastocytoma.

For the purpose of differential diagnosis, additional diagnostic methods are used:

Dermatoscopy.
Biopsy of the neoplasm.
Histological examination.

The latter diagnostic method allows you to identify the depth of the lesion and the presence of atypical cells. This makes it possible to prevent and detect oncological pathology at an early stage.

Complications

In most cases, the disease proceeds benignly and does not bother the patient in any way, only periodic monitoring by a dermatologist is required.

In about 20% of cases, the disease can develop into an oncological skin pathology - cancer or a benign tumor.

In case of injuries and infection, the skin pathology can become inflamed or fester, begin to change its shape and size. In this case, the risk of its rebirth increases.

Treatment

What to do if the nevus increases in size, changes its color or shape, bleeding and pus appear? In this case, you cannot self-medicate and you should contact a specialist as soon as possible: a dermatovenereologist or an oncologist.

Specific treatment and prevention of sebaceous nevi has not been developed.

Due to the high risk of malignancy of the pathology, these types of neoplasms are recommended to be removed surgically in early age before the onset of adolescence. Be sure to remove the tumor, which is inflamed. With suppuration, except surgical intervention antibiotics are used.

In malignant degeneration, in addition to surgical treatment, radiation and chemotherapy are used.

Despite the fact that sparing methods for removing skin pathologies (radio wave and cryodestruction) show good results, their use is limited. A tumor removed in this way can grow back. Therefore, preference is given to its surgical excision within healthy tissues. After the operation, the obtained tissue samples are sent for histological analysis.

At early detection disease and timely operation, the prognosis for nevi of the sebaceous glands is completely favorable.

Nevus of the sebaceous glands of Yadassohn is a very unpleasant and repulsive disease. Ideas about him were formed in the 80s of the last century. The reason for its appearance is excessive growth and deviations from the normal development of the sebaceous glands. It manifests itself as a formation on the surface of the body, which consists of skin cells, transformed sweat and sebaceous glands, as well as an undeveloped hair follicle.

The probability of diagnosing it for people of different races, nationalities and genders is the same. In infants, it occurs on average in the amount of 3 out of 1,000 people.

Symptoms of the disease

The tubercles above the surface of the skin are round or oval (rarely elongated) yellow, orange, pink, sandy, or a combination thereof. Most often appear on the head or face in the hair growth zone, extremely rarely in other places (behind the ear, on the neck, on the temples). In most cases, the disease appears in newborns or young children and is caused by genes.

Some symptoms of the disease develop only by adolescence.

Initially, it appears as an elastic growth with a soft surface. Over time, it grows with frequent papillomas, cracks. They can bleed and become infected. In place of the nevus, there is no hairline, the appearance is disturbed.

Stages of development of Nevus Yadasson

Depending on the stage of the course, the disease manifests itself in different ways:

At the first stage, foci-spots with papillae are formed, there is no hairline on the formation. This manifestation is typical for newborns.
In the second stage, rounded formations appear, similar to warts. Usually there are several of them, in contact with each other. Develop during puberty.
In the third stage, the disease becomes chronic and develops by adolescence. At this stage, the nevus can develop into adenoma of the sebaceous glands, other diseases. It is dangerous because if left untreated, a malignant tumor can occur on the skin. The nevus increases as the body grows, in 5-30 cases out of 100 it turns into a benign or malignant tumor. Such a disease develops slowly and gives metastases in very rare cases.

At first glance, a harmless linear skin defect can provoke not only oncology, but also deviations in the functioning of the central nervous system, blood vessels, organs of vision, as well as epilepsy and mental retardation. Nevus sebaceous gland capable of being reborn different types skin cancer:

hidradenoma - a tumor of the sweat glands. Rarely found, usually appears on the face, less often - on the lips, arms, legs, stomach (in the navel);
apocrine cystadenoma - a tumor that forms on various parts of the limbs, is more often diagnosed in males;
apocrine gland carcinoma - a rare tumor of the sweat glands, observed in the armpit, groin and other places;
keratoacanthoma - a rapidly developing benign tumor;
squamous cell carcinoma is an aggressive formation that is formed from epithelial cells and mucous tissues.

Causes of the nevus of the sebaceous glands of Yadassohn

The sources of the appearance of the considered form of the disease have not yet been identified. It is known that it can be inherited. Contribute to the development of formations of disorders in the work of the gastrointestinal tract, proliferation of glandular tissue, imbalance of hormones, acne pink color, growth damage, action chemical substances and warmth. Studies show that a nevus develops into a malignant tumor in 20% of patients.

Diagnostics

When the first signs of a nevus appear, you should consult a dermatologist. First of all, he conducts a visual examination of the patient's tissues and finds out the factors that could accompany the disease (for example, the presence of a similar problem in parents). With visual diagnostics, a preliminary diagnosis can be obtained.

If necessary, collects cells for analysis in the laboratory. Histological analysis allows you to determine the nature of the disease, the depth of its spread. In some cases, a smear is taken to determine whether the cells can change their nature. In this case, the focus itself is damaged, but information is obtained that allows us to measure the risk of transition to the oncological stage.

Modern clinics often turn to video dermatoscopy. When using this diagnostic method, the neoplasm is repeatedly increased and the analysis of changes in the structure of cells is carried out. Differential Diagnosis the disease in question is carried out with the following pathologies:

solitary mastocytoma - characterized by a different histological structure;
aplasia of the dermis - has a smooth surface of the formation, similar to moles;
juvenile xanthogranuloma - it is characterized by active growth and clear boundaries of the neoplasm;
papillary syringocystadenomatous nevus - has the appearance of a nodule of a rich pink hue.

Treatment

The most effective solution in the fight against the nevus of the sebaceous glands is its removal. You should not wait for its development and distribution, it is best to carry out the manipulation before puberty, but not earlier than reaching two years. In addition to medical indications, such a solution will avoid aesthetic problems - scars and the like.

Such an operation is performed by surgical intervention, using liquid nitrogen or an electric knife, laser removal, exposure to low temperature, and more. Getting rid of the disease occurs in oncology centers with the participation of dermatologists. Based on the results of the removal, the patient is sent for a second histological examination. If the presence of atypical cells is diagnosed, then an examination is carried out for the spread of metastases in different organs.

The most effective operation is to surgically remove the neoplasm, in which case there is a minimal risk of a revival of the disease in the same place.

Manipulations are carried out under local or general anesthesia, if the affected epidermal layer of cells remains, they are repeated. Any actions of doctors in the head area is a serious and complicated matter. medical worker takes into account not only the area and zone of the lesion, but also the age of the patient. There are cases when, according to the results of the operation in question, plastic surgery is necessary to restore the aesthetic component.

The resulting wound is treated with antiseptics, dressings are performed. It is important to maintain the cleanliness and sterility of dressings to prevent pathogenic bacteria and other substances from entering the epidermis. After healing, the sutures are removed.

Due to the fact that the specific causes of the appearance of a nevus have not been found to date and the period of the first signs of the disease falls on the first years of a person’s life, it is almost impossible to prevent it. Therefore, parents should be attentive to the changes skin your baby. In order to avoid serious consequences, it is important to observe skin hygiene, diagnose and treat the disease in time.

A neoplasm of the sebaceous glands (seborrheic nevus) is a dermatological process on the skin in the area pathological change glands. In most cases (about 70 out of 100), the nevus of the sebaceous glands is a pathological formation formed before the birth of the child. Less commonly, the anomaly develops in the thoracic or late childhood. The localization zone is on the head (along the edges of the hairline) and the face.

The set of processes that cause the onset of a disease

It has not yet been clarified for what reason a nevus of the sebaceous glands is formed. However, there are risk factors, one of which is the growth (hyperplasia) of the glands.
Risk factors:

The mechanism of the onset and development of the disease

A nevus of the sebaceous glands is formed in the embryonic period, when the process of the birth of organs and tissues is disrupted. Education is the same in structure, but differs from a healthy organ in that it has an irregular structure and degree of differentiation.
For the nevus of Yadasson, the appearance of single zones without hair, waxy plaques is characteristic. The zones have clear boundaries. The shape is most often oval, rarely linear. The surface of the plaques is velvety, sometimes warty or in the form of papillomas. Education increases in proportion to the growing up of the child until puberty, at this stage it becomes more convex in its structure, shiny. Seborrheic nevi of Yadasson are typical for both women and men.
Stages of occurrence:

The sebaceous nevus of Yadasson can become a factor for the development of an adenoma (benign tumor). The adenoma grows slowly, while it destroys the skin and leaves deep damage on it.
The most dangerous is the case when the nevus of the sebaceous glands is converted into adenocarcinoma of the glands. malignant tumor glandular epithelium is difficult to treat, prone to relapse and grows in a short time, affecting large areas of the skin.

Diagnosis of the disease

The diagnostic study of Yadasson's nevus is based on histological analysis. Histological examination will determine the stage of the disease. Stage 1 is characterized by enlarged hair follicles and glands. At the second stage, the process of acanthosis is observed, when the thickening and coarsening of the upper layer of the skin occurs. In the epidermis, sebaceous glands accumulate, significantly enlarged in volume, multiple formations of papillomas are revealed. The follicles are most often immature, and the glands are formed. The third stage is accompanied by the formation of a tumor, the structure of the tissue depends on its type.

Treatment of the disease

The risk of converting Yadasson's nevus into a cancerous tumor is quite high, so removal is indispensable. The recommended age for removing a sebaceous nevus is to perform surgery before puberty.
There are several types of operations to treat the disease:

seborrheic dermatitis ("milky scab")
Nevus of the sebaceous glands of Jadassohn
erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp.

- This is a disease that is characterized by erythema and the formation of sebaceous scales. It occurs most often on the scalp, but can also occur on the face, ears, neck, and under the diaper.

In infants, seborrheic dermatitis usually resolves spontaneously within a few weeks or months. The treatment of seborrheic dermatitis in children is poorly understood.

Given the independent resolution of the course of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp, a phased approach to treatment is proposed.

Conservative measures may include:

Washing your hair frequently with baby shampoo and removing scales with a soft brush (such as a soft toothbrush) or fine-tooth comb after shampooing.
Apply emollients (white petroleum jelly, vegetable oil, mineral oil, baby oil) to the scalp to soften the crust, and then lightly massage the scalp with a soft brush.
If seborrheic dermatitis persists despite these measures, an anti-seborrheic shampoo or mild topical corticosteroids (eg, 1% hydrocortisone gel) may be added to therapy.
As a second line of therapy, a shampoo or cream with 2% ketoconazole is suggested.

It is a congenital skin lesion that occurs mainly on the scalp or face. This is a hamartoma (a nodular tumor-like formation resulting from a violation of the embryonic development of organs and tissues, consisting of the same components as the organ where it is located, but differing in their incorrect location and degree of differentiation), which combines the epidermis and the secretion of hair, sebaceous and apocrine glands. Nevus sebaceous glands occurs in approximately 0.3% of newborns.

It is usually present at birth, but may appear later. It is characterized by the appearance of solitary, well-defined, oval or linear areas of alopecia, waxy plaques, from yellow to yellow-brown in color. The surface may be velvety or warty, rarely medullary or in the form of papillomas. Sizes vary from a few millimeters to several centimeters in length. Before puberty, the growths increase in size in proportion to the growth of the child, during puberty they become more prominent, more wart-like, and more shiny.