Types of baby rash. Rash on the body of a baby - an overview of possible causes and diseases

How to figure out what kind of rash a child has? Below you will find a photo with explanations of the main skin diseases in children.
Have you ever been taken by surprise by baby rashes under diapers? Or red dots on the baby's palms? Now you will not have any questions about what kind of rash your child has.

Baby acne

Small white pimples usually appear on the cheeks, and sometimes on the forehead, chin and even the back of a newborn. May be surrounded by reddish skin. Acne may appear from the first days up to 4 weeks of age.

Chickenpox

Chickenpox starts as small, red, itchy bumps. They quickly develop into small, filled pink blisters that turn into dry brown crusts over time. The rash most often begins on the scalp, face, and chest, and then spreads throughout the body. As the disease progresses, the rash reappears with renewed vigor, usually reaching 250 to 500 blisters, although there are many fewer, especially if the child has been vaccinated. The child may also have a slight fever. Chickenpox is rare in children under one year of age.

cold on the lips
A child's rash looks like small, fluid-filled blisters on or near the lip. The wound can become larger, break through and dry out. The blisters may appear singly or in clusters. Cold sores are rare in children under 2 years of age.

The photo shows a rash on the lips of an adult, but in children the symptoms are identical.

Seborrheic dermatitis
This rash in children is characterized by a flaky, dry scalp with yellowish crusts. It can also occur around the ears, eyebrows, armpits, and in the creases of the neck. Sometimes causes hair loss. This disease is common among newborns and resolves within the first year of a child's life.

Intertrigo
The rash in children is characterized by reddish, swollen skin around the diaper area. The rash may be flat or bumpy. When changing a diaper, it causes discomfort. Most common among children under one year old.

Fungal diaper dermatitis
Red bumps in the diaper area, it is possible that with the presence of abscesses. Most of all, the rash in children is manifested in the folds of the skin, as well as with small single rashes outside the focus of the main rash. Doesn't go away in a few days and can't be treated with regular baby diaper rash cream. Most often occurs in children taking antibiotics.

Eczema
The rash in children, characterized by itching, usually occurs in the elbows and knees, as well as on the cheeks, chin, scalp, chest, and back. It begins with the appearance of a scaly thickening of the skin of a reddish hue or with the appearance of red rashes that can be both wet and dry. Eczema is most common in children predisposed to allergies or asthma. It usually appears at the age of one and disappears up to 2 years, but there are cases when eczema haunts a person in adulthood.

Toxic erythema
The rash is characterized by small yellow or white rashes on the reddened area of ​​the skin. It can appear anywhere on the child's body. The rash disappears on its own within two weeks, and is common in newborns, usually on the 2nd to 5th day of their life.

Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)
In the initial stage, there is fever, aches and cold symptoms, and in the following days there are bright pink spots on the cheeks and a red, itchy rash on the chest and feet.

Most often, such a rash occurs in preschoolers and first graders.

Folliculitis
Pimples or crusted pustules appear around the hair follicles. They are usually located on the neck, in the armpit or inguinal region. Rarely seen in children under 2 years of age.

Rashes on the hands, feet and around the mouth
They are characterized by fever, lack of appetite, sore throat, and painful blistering sores in the mouth. The rash may appear on the feet, hands, and sometimes the buttocks. Initially, the rash appears as small, flat, red dots that may develop into bumps or blisters. It occurs at any age, but is most common among preschoolers.

Hives
Raised, red patches of skin characterized by itching may come and go on their own. Usually they appear from several hours to several days, but there are cases when they drag on to weeks or months. May appear at any age.

Impetigo
Small red bumps that may itch. They often appear near the nose and mouth, but can spread to other parts of the body. Over time, the bumps become pustules, which can boil and become covered with a soft yellow-brown crust. As a result, the child may have a fever and swell. The lymph nodes on the neck. Most often, impetigo occurs in children from 2 to 6 years old.

Jaundice
The rash in children is characterized by a yellow tint to the skin. In dark-skinned children, jaundice can be identified in the whites of the eyes, on the palms or feet. It is most common in children in the first and second week of life, as well as in premature babies.

Measles
This disease begins with fever, runny nose, red watery eyes and cough. A few days later, small red dots with a white base appear on the inside of the cheeks, and then the rash appears on the face, passes to the chest and back, arms and legs with feet. At the initial stage, the rash has a flat red character, gradually becoming lumpy and itchy. This continues for about 5 days, and then the rash takes on a brown tint, the skin dries up and begins to peel off. Most common among unvaccinated children.

Mile
A mile is small white or yellow bumps-balls on the nose, chin and cheeks. Often occurs in newborns. Symptoms go away on their own within a few weeks.

molluscum contagiosum
Rashes have a hemispherical shape. The color matches the normal color of the skin or slightly pinker, having a pinkish-orange hue with a pearly top. In the middle of the hemisphere there is an impression, somewhat reminiscent of a human navel.

Unusual for children under one year old.

papular urticaria
These are small, raised skin rashes that thicken over time and become a reddish-brown hue. They occur at the site of old insect bites and are usually accompanied by severe itching. May appear at any age.

Poison ivy or sumac
Initially, small areas or links of swollen and itchy red spots appear on the skin. The manifestation occurs after 12-48 hours from the moment of contact with a poisonous plant, but there are cases of a rash appearing within a week after contact. Over time, the rash turns into a blister and crusts over. Sumac is uncharacteristic for children under one year old.

Rubella
As a rule, the first symptom is a sharp rise in temperature (39.4), which does not subside for the first 3-5 days. Then a pink rash appears on the torso and neck, later spreading to the arms, legs and face. The child may be nervous, vomit, or show symptoms of diarrhea. Most often occurs between the ages of 6 months and 3 years.

Ringworm
A rash in the form of one or more red rings, ranging in size from a penny in denominations from 10 to 25 kopecks. The rings are usually dry and scaly at the edges and smooth in the center and may grow over time. It can also appear as dandruff or small bald patches on the scalp. Most common in children 2 years of age and older.

Rubella measles
A bright pink rash that first appears on the face and then spreads to the whole body and lasts 2-3 days. The child may have a fever, swollen lymph nodes behind the ears, a stuffy or runny nose, headache, and sore throat. Vaccination reduces the risk of contracting rubella.

Scabies
Red rashes that are accompanied by severe itching usually occur between the fingers, around the wrist, under the armpits and under the diaper, around the elbows. May also appear on the kneecap, palms, soles, scalp or face. The rash can cause white or red mesh marks, as well as the appearance of small blisters on areas of the skin around the rash. Itching is most intense after taking a hot bath or at night, preventing the child from sleeping. May occur at any age.

Scarlet fever
The rash begins as hundreds of tiny red dots on the armpits, neck, chest, and groin and quickly spreads throughout the body. The rash feels like sandpaper to the touch and can be itchy. Also, it may be accompanied by fever and redness of the throat. During the initial stage of the infection, the tongue may have a white or yellowish coating that later turns red. Roughness on the tongue increases and gives the impression of a rash. This condition is commonly referred to as strawberry tongue. The child's tonsils may swell and become red. As the rash disappears, peeling of the skin occurs, especially in the groin area and on the hands. Scarlet fever is rare in children under 2 years of age.

warts
Small bumps, like grains, appear singly or in groups, usually on the arms, but can go all over the body. Warts usually have a shade close to skin tone, but may be slightly lighter or darker, with a black dot in the middle. small flat warts can appear all over the body, but in children it most often appears on the face.
There are also plantar warts.

Such defects disappear on their own, but this process can take from several months to several years. Warts are not characteristic of children under 2 years of age.

• Rash
• On the face
• On the body
• On the stomach
• On the back
• On the neck
• On the buttocks
• On foot

Parents always perceive the appearance of a rash on the skin of a child with anxiety, because everyone knows that the condition of the skin reflects the state of the work of the whole organism. Is a baby rash always a cause for concern, how to understand what is happening with the child and how to help him, we will tell in this article.

Features of children's skin

The skin of children is not like the skin of adults. Babies are born with very thin skin - the dermis of newborns is about two times thinner than the middle skin layer of adults. The outer layer - the epidermis, thickens gradually, as the crumbs grow older.

In the first month of life, the skin can be both red and purple. This is due to the fact that the blood vessels in babies are located close to the surface, and subcutaneous tissue not enough, it can make the skin look "transparent". This is especially noticeable when the newborn is cold - a marble vascular network appears on the skin.

The skin of babies loses moisture faster, it is more vulnerable to bacteria, viruses, fungi and mechanical stress. It begins to thicken only at 2-3 years and this process lasts up to 7 years. The skin of younger schoolchildren is already beginning to resemble the skin of adults in terms of its characteristics and functionality. But after 10 years, children's skin is waiting for a new test - this time puberty.

There is nothing surprising in the fact that thin children's skin reacts to any external influence or internal processes with rashes of a very different caliber, color and structure. And not every baby rash can be considered harmless.

It is important to understand that there is no causeless rash in children, any pimple or pigmentation change has a reason, sometimes pathological.

What is a rash?

A rash with medicine is considered to be a variety of rashes on the skin, which in one way or another change appearance skin by color or texture. For parents, the whole rash is about the same, but doctors always distinguish primary rashes that formed first, and secondary ones - those that formed later, in place of the primary ones or nearby.

Different childhood diseases are characterized by different combinations of primary and secondary elements.

hormonal.

Causes

The reasons that cause the development of skin rashes can be varied. Much depends on the age and general condition of the child.

In newborns and children up to a year

In newborns and toddlers of the first year of life, the rash is often physiological, which should not cause much concern on the part of adults. The skin of the crumbs adapts to a new habitat for itself - anhydrous, and this process is often given to the baby with great difficulty. Therefore, any adverse effect can cause rashes all over the body.

The most common rash at this age is acne hormonal, in which white or white pimples may appear on the face and neck yellow color. In this phenomenon, the maternal hormones estrogens, which the child got in the last months of the mother's pregnancy, are "guilty". Gradually, their effect on the body decreases, hormones leave the body of the child. By six months, there is no trace of such pimples.

Babies often react allergic rash on unsuitable food products, substances, medicines, and even household chemicals that mother uses to wash clothes and bedding and wash floors and dishes.

Another common cause of rash in infancy is diaper rash and sweating. Rash on the body, head, arms and legs in early age appears in infectious diseases, as well as due to violation of hygiene rules.

Too dry air in the room where the baby lives, heat, excessive diligent washing of the skin with soap and other detergents provoke drying of the skin, which only contributes to the development different types rash.

A slight dryness of the skin in the first 3-4 weeks after birth is a variant of the physiological norm.

The skin of an infant from birth is covered with a lipid "mantle", the so-called fatty protective layer. The "mantle" is gradually washed away and erased. With proper care, this temporary natural dryness is easily compensated by the child's body - sebaceous glands gradually begin to produce the right amount of protective lubricant.

In children older than 1 year

Physiological reasons for the appearance of a rash after a year is not so much. In rare cases, a hormonal imbalance caused by exposure to maternal sex hormones persists. All other cases mostly have pathological causes. At preschool age, children have an increased incidence of viral infections, which are characterized by a rash. These are chickenpox, measles, scarlet fever and other childhood diseases.

In a one year old child who has not yet started attending Kindergarten and organized children's groups, the risks of contracting herpes or other viral infection lower than in children aged 3 to 7 years. Local immunity at this age begins to work better than in infants, for this reason many bacterial skin ailments can be successfully avoided.

Up to 3 years the impact of allergens on the children's body is still strong, and therefore the appearance of a rash on different parts of the body - on the face, head, stomach, elbows and even on the eyelids and ears - is a fairly common phenomenon after eating a product containing an allergen, one or another drug, contact with pollen, animal hair, household chemicals.

But acne in preschool age is rare. And even if it takes place, then we are most likely talking about a metabolic disorder, a lack of vitamins, minerals, a disease of the internal secretion organs.

In children over 10 years old

After 10 years, children have only one type of physiological rash - acne teenage rashes. Under the influence of sex hormones, which begin to be produced in the body of girls and boys, the sebaceous glands are activated.

Excessive production of sebum leads to blockage of the duct of the glands and the gland itself and the hair follicle become inflamed.

The immunity of children is already sufficiently formed, preventive vaccinations have not gone unnoticed for the body, and therefore the risk of getting sick with "childhood diseases" in adolescence is much lower. Many children have already been ill with them before.

A rash in 15-16 year old teenagers can also be a symptom of a sexually transmitted disease, since quite a lot of boys and girls at this age begin to actively sexual life. Rashes on the skin of the face and upper body can also be a consequence of taking steroids, with the help of which young men, and sometimes girls, try to create a “beautiful embossed” body for themselves when doing fitness.

allergic rash in adolescence- a phenomenon not as common as in younger children. Usually, if a teenager is allergic, parents know about it and the appearance of rashes will not surprise or frighten them at all, since they already have a good idea of ​​​​how to deal with it.

At any age, the cause of a rash can be metabolic disorders, lack of vitamins A, E, C, PP, as well as dysbacteriosis, disruption of the stomach and intestines, and kidneys.

Diagnostics and self-diagnosis

A pediatrician, an allergist, a gastroenterologist and an infectious disease specialist can understand the causes of a rash.

For diagnosis, standard methods are used - blood, urine, feces tests. Quite often, skin scrapings, samples of the contents of vesicles and pustules are taken for analysis. This allows you to establish not only an accurate diagnosis, but also the type and type of pathogen, if we are talking about an infection, as well as what drugs the pathogens are sensitive to.

Self-diagnosis includes a set of simple actions to assess the situation.

Parents should undress the child, examine the skin, note the nature of the rash (vesicles, pustules, papules, etc.), its vastness. After that, you should measure the child's body temperature, examine the throat and tonsils, note the remaining symptoms, if any, and decide on calling a doctor.

small red

On the body

A small rash without suppuration on the abdomen, back, buttocks can be bright and characteristic symptom allergies. In children up to a year, a small red rash under the armpits, on the shoulders, on the buttocks and in the perineum can also indicate the presence of prickly heat, diaper rash.

If red skin rashes capture a large area of ​​the body, it is worth thinking about toxic erythema.

It is important to remember and analyze what preceded the appearance of bodily rashes.

If the child felt sick, vomited, he had diarrhea, then we can talk about pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, if the rash appeared after the temperature and it is red-pink, then it is probably a herpes virus that causes childhood exanthema.

In most cases, the appearance of red small rash on the body - a sign of an infectious disease, for example, rubella.

On the face

Such a rash on the face may indicate allergic reaction food, medicines or cosmetics. The rashes themselves in case of allergies do not have purulent cavities, blisters.

Most often in young children, an allergic rash is localized on the chin, cheeks and behind the ears, and in older children - on the forehead, in the eyebrows, on the neck, on the nose. Rarely, allergic rashes affect only the face, usually the rash is found on other parts of the body.

A red rash appears on the face with some viral diseases. If the child did not eat anything suspicious and new, did not take medication, led a normal life, then with rashes on the face, it is necessary to measure the temperature and call a doctor. The temperature usually rises, and the doctor diagnoses chickenpox, measles, or another infection.

At the same time, the child has signs of SARS - malaise, headache, runny nose, cough.

On arms and legs

In children of the first year of life, a reddish small rash on the limbs can be a sign of an allergy (like urticaria), as well as a consequence of overheating and violation of hygiene rules - diaper rash.

The rash is usually located in skin folds- under the knees, on the bend of the elbow with inside, in the groin area.

A red rash of various sizes and types can affect the arms and legs of a child with viral and bacterial infections, scarlet fever, and leukemia. With measles, the rash appears on the palms and feet. The appearance of red rashes on the limbs is always a reason to call a doctor at home.

On the head

red rash hairy part the head is usually covered for allergic reactions, including to hair care products, to soap. In babies, the most likely cause of the rash is different - prickly heat. Since babies carry out thermoregulation with the help of the scalp, it is she who reacts to overheating and sweating. Also, this symptom may indicate a viral infection.

Colorless

It can be difficult for parents to notice a colorless rash, but this is fixable, since any colorless rash will sooner or later manifest itself more clearly. Most often, a rash without a pronounced color signals the starting stage of an allergy.

On the body. An almost imperceptible rash without a definite color or very pale, which appeared on the body, can cause a sensation of rough "goosebumps" when touched. It looks like goosebumps that “run” over the skin when frightened or chills. Rashes are located close to each other and sometimes are massive. There is an assumption that such a rash is a consequence of hormonal “bursts”.

On the head. On the face and head, a rough, colorless rash usually appears with lactose deficiency. This is usually accompanied by intestinal disorders, the child often has a frothy with an unpleasant odor liquid stool greenish color.

watery

A watery rash can be a striking symptom herpetic infection, as well as impetigo, streptococcal angulitis and even sunburn.

On the body. If fluid-filled blisters appear on the sides and limbs, it is likely that the child has developed bullous impetigo. Long exposure to the sun also causes blistering skin lesions in children, but the skin will look reddened and somewhat swollen. Blisters can appear on the stomach and back with chickenpox.

Often blisters on the body occur due to an allergic reaction, as well as from insect bites.

• On the face. Watery rashes on the face appear as herpes diseases. In the nasolabial triangle, around the lips, in the nose, the herpes simplex virus appears. Similarly, streptoderma and erysipelas may appear.

Infectious bacterial

A pustular-type rash caused by pathogenic bacteria is treated with antibiotics and antiseptics. Moreover, antibiotics are selected after an analysis for bacteriological culture, when the doctor has clear information about which bacteria caused suppuration and to which antibacterial agents they demonstrate sensitivity.

Children are usually given penicillins, rarely cephalosporins. With a mild infection, local treatment with ointments with antimicrobial action is sufficient - Levomekol, Baneocin, erythromycin ointment, gentamicin ointment, tetracycline ointment.

In some cases, with a large and severe infection, or an infection that is at risk of spreading to internal organs, appoint antibiotics inside - for babies in the form of a suspension, for preschoolers and adolescents - in tablets or injections.

Preference is given to broad-spectrum drugs, usually penicillin group- "Amoxiclav", "Amosin", "Amoxicillin", "Flemoxin Solutab". With the ineffectiveness of this group of drugs, cephalosporin antibiotics or macrolides may be prescribed.

As antiseptics well-known aniline dyes are often used - a solution of brilliant green (brilliant green) for staphylococcal infections or Fukortsin for streptococcus. Damaged skin is treated with salicylic alcohol.

Simultaneously with antibiotics, if they are prescribed orally, the child is recommended to take drugs that will help avoid the occurrence of dysbacteriosis - Bifiborm, Bifidumbacterin. It is also useful to start taking vitamin complexes appropriate for the age of the child.

Some purulent eruptions, such as boils and carbuncles, may need surgical intervention, during which the formation is incised crosswise under local anesthesia, the cavity is cleaned and treated with antiseptics and antibiotics. There is no need to be afraid of such a mini-operation.

The consequences of refusing it can be very deplorable, because staph infection can lead to sepsis and death.

Sweating and diaper rash

If the baby has prickly heat, then this is a signal for parents to change the conditions in which the child lives. The temperature regime should be at the level of 20-21 degrees of heat. The heat only makes it worse. Irritation from sweat, although it gives the child a lot of painful sensations and pain, can be treated quite quickly.

The main medicine in this case is cleanliness and fresh air. The child should be washed with warm water without soap and other detergents. cosmetics. Several times a day you need to arrange air baths for the baby naked. You should not wrap the child, and if he still sweats, for example, while walking on the street in warm overalls in winter, then immediately upon returning home, bathe the child in the shower and change into clean and dry clothes.

At severe diaper rash damaged skin is treated 2-3 times a day. Most carefully and thoroughly - after daily evening bathing. After it, Bepanten, Desitin, Sudocrem are applied to still wet skin with signs of prickly heat. You need to use powder with great care, because talc dries the skin very much.

Baby cream or any other greasy creams and ointments should not be applied to the skin of a child with prickly heat, as they moisturize, not dry. You should also avoid getting massage oil on diaper rash during evening restorative procedures.

allergic

If the rash is allergic, treatment will be to find and rule out the child's interaction with the allergen that caused the skin rash. To do this, the allegologist conducts a series of special tests using test strips with allergens. If it is possible to find the protein that caused the rash, the doctor makes recommendations to exclude everything that contains such a substance.

If the antigen protein cannot be found (and this happens often), then parents will have to try and exclude from the child’s life everything that poses a potential threat - plant pollen, food (nuts, whole milk, chicken eggs, red berries and fruits, some types of fresh greens and even some types of fish, an abundance of sweets).

Pay special attention to baby skin care products.

Usually, eliminating the allergen is more than enough for the allergy to stop and the rash to disappear without a trace. If this does not happen, as well as in case of severe allergies, the doctor prescribes antihistamines("Tavegil", "Tsetrin", "Suprastin", "Loratadin" and others).

At the same time, it is desirable to take calcium preparations and vitamins. Locally, if necessary, the child is used hormonal ointments- "Advantan", for example. severe forms allergies, in which, in addition to a skin rash, there are pronounced respiratory manifestations, as well as internal pathologies, treatment of the child is carried out permanently.

Fungal lesions

Fungal infections are highly contagious, so the child must be isolated. Babies are treated in a hospital. Older children will be admitted to the infectious diseases hospital in case of moderate and severe illness. As a topical treatment, antifungal ointments- Lamisil, Clotrimazole, Fluconazole and others.

With an extensive lesion, when colonies of fungi "settled" not only on the limbs, on the wrist, on the legs or on the neck, but also on the back of the head in the scalp, the child is prescribed, in addition to ointments antifungals in tablets or injections.

At the same time, doctors recommend taking immunomodulators, and antihistamines, since the waste products of fungal colonies quite often cause an allergic reaction. Treatment for fungi is the longest, after the first course, which lasts from 10 to 14 days, a second, "control" course, which must be carried out after a short break, must be prescribed.

AT at home all things and bedding of a sick child are subject to thorough washing and ironing. It is impossible to bathe him during treatment.

The time has passed when the treatment of such diseases was quite painful. There is no need to sprinkle the head with lice dust or smear the skin with kerosene.

Most children's remedies for lice and nits need only a single application. Most effective in pediatric practice permethrin-based products.

When treating, it is important to observe safety measures. Almost all products are toxic, they should not be allowed to get into the eyes and ears, into the mouth and mucous membranes of the baby.

Worm infestations

What exactly to treat with giardiasis, ascaris or pinworms, the doctor decides. Not all drugs that are effective in adolescence are suitable for treating babies and younger students. The most commonly prescribed drugs are Pirantel, Albendazole, Levamisole and Piperazine.

Acne in teenagers

There is no cure for teenage acne, but it can be alleviated. To do this, parents should explain to the teenage child that it is impossible to squeeze out acne, it is also undesirable to treat them with alcohol or lotions.

They treat pubertal acne in a complex way, changing the diet of the child, excluding fatty, fried, smoked and pickled foods, fast food from it. The skin affected by acne is lubricated twice a day with salicylic alcohol and one of modern means in the form of a cream or ointment.

Very effective zinc ointment, "Zinerit". If acne is complicated by a purulent bacterial infection, antibiotic ointments are used - chloramphenicol, erythromycin.

Baby cream and other oily creams should never be used on acne-prone skin.

Other effective drugs from teenage rash on the face, back and chest - "Baziron AS", "Adapalen", "Skinoren". In some cases, the doctor may advise hormonal ointments - "Advantan", "Triderm". This is true for deep and very severe rashes.

Simultaneously prescribe vitamins A and E in oil solution or as part of vitamin and mineral complexes. Treatment of pubertal acne takes a very long time. Subject to all the recommendations of a dermatologist, it sometimes takes from 2 to 6 months to achieve the effect.

Neonatal hormonal rash

Newborn acne or a three-week rash does not need treatment. All skin rashes will disappear after the baby's hormonal background returns to normal. It usually takes about a month or two. It is useful for a child to wash with a decoction of chamomile, apply baby cream to pimples on the face and neck, sprinkle them with powder. Trying to squeeze or cauterize with alcohol is strictly prohibited.

Prevention

Since the skin of a child needs special care and protection, proper hygiene and an understanding of the approach to treating dermatological ailments in children will be an excellent prevention of the appearance of a pathological rash.

A home microclimate that is favorable for the health of the skin will help to avoid 90% of skin problems. The air temperature should be no higher than 21 degrees Celsius, and air humidity - 50-70%. Such conditions will not allow the child's skin to dry out, crack, which means that there will be less prerequisites for the development of severe bacterial infections. It is especially important to follow this rule if there is a small child in the house.

It is necessary to do all the preventive vaccinations prescribed for the child by age in a timely manner. This will help protect him from dangerous infectious diseases - measles, diphtheria and a number of others. Vaccination is not a guarantee that the child will not get sick with this infection at all, but it guarantees that in the event of a disease, the disease will proceed more easily and with fewer health consequences.

• When going to the sea, it is important to make sure that the skin of the child is protected. To do this, you need to buy a sunscreen that is appropriate for your age and skin type. And in order to protect the baby from rotavirus, it makes sense to vaccinate in a paid clinic, which is not included in the list of mandatory ones - a vaccine against rotavirus infection.

Proper hygiene- the key to the health of children's skin at any age. It is a mistake to wash a baby rarely, but it is equally wrong to wash him too often. Soap for babies should be used no more than once every 4-5 days, it is better not to use shampoos at all for up to a year.

It is important to choose child care products that are designed specifically for childhood and are hypoallergenic. Antibacterial soap kills not only pathogenic bacteria, but also beneficial ones, and therefore its use without need is not justified at all.

Children's skin should not be exposed to hard washcloths, bath brushes, brooms. After bathing, the skin should not be wiped, but blotted with a soft towel, this will keep the skin intact and sufficiently moisturized.

Wash your baby when changing a diaper it is necessary only under running water, and not in a basin or in a bathtub, to avoid getting intestinal microbes on the skin, external genitalia and urinary tract. Girls are washed in the direction from the pubis to the anus.

When a rash appears cannot self-medicate.

In the house where the children grow up should never be free chemicals, acids and alkalis, aggressive household cleaners.

Young children should buy bed linen and clothes only from natural fabrics. Let them look more modest and discreet, but there will be no irritating effect on the skin of synthetic fabrics, seams and textile dyes, which are used to color bright and alluring children's things.

For skin health in a child's diet, always should be enough vitamins A and E. From childhood, you need to teach your son and daughter to eat orange and red vegetables in fresh, greens, sea fish, lean meat, dairy products with sufficient fat content, butter, oatmeal and buckwheat porridge.

The skin of a child from the very early childhood should protect from excessive exposure to strong wind, frost, direct sunlight. All these factors dry it out, dehydrate it, as a result, it becomes more vulnerable and prone to various infections.

No crusts, pustules and vesicles on the child's skin cannot be mechanically removed and opened at home, far from sterility. Most of the cases with the addition of an infection to a seemingly harmless rash are associated precisely with the attempts of parents to rid the child of pimples or vesicles on their own. On the neck

Usually a rash on the body of a child causes a lot of anxiety in parents. Really, common symptom various infections, causing a lot of discomfort. However timely treatment rashes on the skin allows you to quickly forget about itching and burning.

A rash in a child can appear not only on the whole body, but also affect only one area. The number of acceptable diagnoses is reduced, and recovery is faster

On the head

The rash worries babies in different parts of the body.

• On the back of the head small dots pink color most often talk about overheating and the development of prickly heat.
• Abundant vesicles and blisters on the back of the head or cheeks indicate an infection with scabies.
• Inflammation in the cheeks, and on the beard, speak of an allergy to food or medicine.
• If a rash in a child has formed on the eyelids, it means that unsuitable hygiene products have been selected for the child. If the rash on the eyelids looks like scales or crusts, dermatitis is likely to develop.

around the neck

On hands and wrists

In the abdomen

A rash on the abdomen in the form of red vesicles occurs in newborns from toxic erythema, which passes on its own. The area of ​​the abdomen, and the area of ​​the hips, most often suffers from pemphigus. The disease begins with slight redness, blisters appear, and begin to burst. Similar symptoms are characteristic of exfoliating dermatitis.

In violation of the bacterial microflora in the abdomen appear erysipelas. Do not forget about the permissible small rash from allergies, prickly heat and infections such as chickenpox or scabies.

On the lower back

On the inner and outer thighs

Rashes on the hips of a child usually appear from poor hygiene. Often the baby just sweats in his diapers, suffers from poor-quality clothes. As a result, sweating appears. Allergic reactions often provoke inflammation on the inside of the thigh.

A rash on the thighs indicates the presence of measles, rubella, or scarlet fever. In rare cases, rashes speak of diseases of the circulatory system.

In the groin area

A rash in the groin is the result of infrequent diaper changes or skin contact with dirty diapers. Red diaper rash appears on the skin, bacteria multiply in them. Prickly heat in the groin area in the form of pink spots often appears in a baby as a result of overheating in the sun. Sometimes the source of the rash is candidiasis. Finally, the baby can develop an allergy to diapers.

On the buttocks

The rash on the pope has a nature similar to the causes of groin irritation. A rare change of diapers, violation of hygiene rules lead to the occurrence of an inflammatory process. The area of ​​the priests can suffer from allergies to food or diapers, from prickly heat and diathesis.

On the legs, knees and heels and can itch

A small rash on the legs usually appears as a result of dermatitis or allergies. If it itches and resembles mosquito bites, most likely the baby really suffered from insects.

The cause of a rash on the legs can be an infection or trauma to the skin. If your child has itchy heels, the rash is most likely caused by a fungus. An allergic reaction on the heels manifests itself in the form of flaky spots, itching and causing swelling of the foot. On the knee joints a rash can appear with eczema, lichen and psoriasis.

On all parts of the body

Inflammation of the skin throughout the body often indicates an infection. If the child is covered with a small rash, and it itches, the reason is probably an allergic reaction (see:) of the body to a strong irritant. If there is no itching from the rash, these causes can be excluded. Most likely there is a problem with the metabolism or the work of internal organs.

When the rash all over the body is also colorless, most likely the baby's sebaceous glands are too active. Vitamin deficiency and hormonal disruptions in the child's body can make themselves felt through rashes without color.

The nature of the rash

If you look closely at the baby's rash, you will notice features. Color, shape and structure.

Like nettles

A nettle-like rash is indicative of special form allergies - urticaria. Pink blisters on the skin are very itchy and are accompanied by an increase in body temperature. Most often, hives are provoked by hot water, stress, strong physical exercise. The rash at the same time resembles small blisters on the chest or neck.

Like a mosquito bite

If the rash resembles a mosquito bite, the baby has an allergy to malnutrition. In newborns, this reaction often indicates violations in the menu of a nursing mother. Mosquito bites - talk about the impact of any blood-sucking insects on the skin, such as ticks or fleas.

In the form of spots

A patchy rash is a very common form of skin inflammation. Most often, the reason lies in the disease of the integument itself or in the presence of an infection. The size of the spots and their color play an important role. Rashes that look like spots appear with lichen, allergies, dermatitis and eczema.

Rough to the touch

A rough rash is most often caused by eczema. In this case, the back of the hands and face suffer. The cause of rough rashes, resembling sandpaper, sometimes becomes keratosis - one of the forms of allergies. small pimples at the same time, the back and side regions of the arms are affected, but sometimes there is inflammation of the inner side of the thighs.

In the form of bubbles and blisters

A rash in the form of blisters appears on the body of the baby as a result of urticaria (see:), pemphigus. Among infectious diseases, rashes with vesicles are also caused by chickenpox.

Under skin color

Flesh-colored lesions on the skin are called papules. A rash of this color is indicative of eczema, psoriasis, or contact dermatitis. Sometimes a colorless rash is caused by hormonal changes in the child's body.

Redness due to infections

The signs accompanying the rash often indicate the development of a serious illness in the baby.

With angina

Often, observing the primary signs of a sore throat (fever and cough) in a baby, after a certain time, parents notice a rash on his body. Here, probably, the development infectious disease on the background of weakened immunity. Sometimes redness appears due to tonsillitis. Do not forget that the baby in the process of treating angina often has an allergy to antibiotics.

With SARS

The appearance of a rash in combination with the usual symptoms of SARS has similar causes. The child may have intolerance to the components of the drugs or an allergy to folk remedies. Most often, redness occurs after a course of antibiotics for SARS.

From chickenpox

From chicken pox, babies develop spots with itching, almost immediately becoming large blisters. The rash occurs on the palms, face, torso and even in the mouth. The disease is accompanied by high fever and headaches. When the bubbles burst, the baby's skin becomes covered with a crust.

The answer to the question of how long the rashes completely disappear depends on the timeliness of treatment. Usually 3-5 days is enough.

With the development of measles

In the case of measles, the baby usually suffers from fever and large red spots that almost merge with each other. The measles rash appears first on the head, and then passes to the trunk and limbs. The first signs of measles resemble the common cold. This is a strong dry cough, sneezing and tears. Then the temperature rises. How many days does the rash disappear? As a rule, the skin is restored on the third day.

From infection with scarlet fever

Scarlet fever signals itself by the appearance of small dots on the 2nd day of illness. Especially a lot of small rash in the area of ​​the elbow and knee bends, on the palms, in the folds of the skin. The speed of treatment usually does not affect how many days the redness disappears. The rash disappears on its own after 1-2 weeks.

For meningitis

A bright red or purple rash appears on the body of children with meningococcal infection. The disease affects the vessels of the skin, so inflammation on the skin is formed different shapes. With meningitis, there are rashes on the mucous membranes, on the legs and arms, on the sides of the body.

When to Call a Doctor

• The child develops a fever and the temperature rises to 40 degrees.
• The rash appears all over the body and there is unbearable itching.
• Headache, vomiting and confusion in the baby begin.
• The rash looks like stellate hemorrhages.
• There are swelling and difficulty in breathing.

What absolutely cannot be done

• Self-squeeze pustules.
• Rip or burst bubbles.
• Scratch rashes.
• Apply brightly colored preparations to the skin (make it difficult to diagnose).

In general, a rash is a symptom of many diseases. Sometimes it leads to serious problems, and sometimes it goes away on its own. In any case, it will not be superfluous to consult a doctor.

Prevention

1. Timely vaccinations can protect the child from infections (But remember, vaccinations are not always beneficial, everyone is individual!). Now there are already vaccinations against meningitis and rashes on its soil. Learn more from your doctor.
2. The correct introduction of complementary foods can protect a small child from allergic reactions. It is recommended to teach the child to healthy lifestyle life and proper nutrition. This will not only prevent many diseases and strengthen the immune system, but also reduce the risk of an allergic rash.
3. If you suspect that your baby has caught an infection, immediately limit his contact with a potential source of infection.

Summing up

• An important role in determining the cause of the rash is played by its localization. The areas of the body most in contact with clothing or diapers usually suffer from dermatitis and prickly heat. The baby's face is often covered with a rash from allergies. A rash all over the body indicates the development of an infection or a metabolic disorder in the body.
• Pay attention to the shape of the rash and its color. Small spots indicate allergic reactions, and large spots indicate infections. A colorless rash is not contagious, and a rough one indicates disorders in the child's body.
• Monitor the general condition of the baby, because other symptoms allow you to accurately determine the factor that causes reddening of the skin. However, keep in mind that these diseases, like SARS and tonsillitis, very rarely cause a rash on their own. It is worth observing the daily routine of the child, because the rash often appears after visiting the pool and similar public places.
• If the rash in a child is accompanied by cough, vomiting and high fever, we are talking about an infectious disease. In this case, the whole body is covered with spots and itches. With proper treatment, rashes in children disappear after 3-5 days. Sometimes a rash and vomiting are signs of dysbacteriosis.

1. If the rash has become a cause of concern for a newborn baby, the range of its causes is small. Often, pimples without pus appear on the neck and face of children 2 weeks after birth, disappearing by themselves. In children under one year old, a small rash is most often caused by prickly heat due to wearing diapers or tight clothing. Red and pink rashes in a small child are associated with an allergy to new foods.
2. When the rash appears after the sun, they talk about the presence of photodermatosis in the baby. Solar allergy is accompanied by itching, redness of the skin and abscesses. On the extremities, on the face and chest, the rash is usually rough. Crusts, scales, bubbles are formed.
3. Allergic reactions in a child's body can manifest themselves in a variety of irritants. Often, after visiting the pool, a rash appears on the body of the kids due to the abundance of chlorine in the water. It has already been said that rashes can also form after a course of antibiotics for angina. If we are talking about the treatment of serious diseases such as leukemia, allergies appear after a month.
4. A small bright rash in children under the third year of life can appear when new teeth erupt. Here, rashes are accompanied small temperature and weakened immunity due to the appearance of teeth. Most often, a rash from teething is localized on the neck.
5. If the rash in babies does not differ in constancy (appears and disappears), most likely there is contact with an irritant, allergic or dermatitis, carried out periodically. In addition, the rash disappears and reappears with the development of infectious diseases (measles and scarlet fever), urticaria.
6. To prevent a severe rash in a child, do not try to introduce new foods into his diet too quickly. If the baby shows signs of allergies after the pool, choose another institution where the water is not treated with chlorine.

Rash - the reaction of the child's body to various changes: the appearance of allergies, the consequences of SARS and others inflammatory process and other. Below in the text, the causes of the rash on the body of a child will be spelled out, a photo with explanations.

Rash on the body of a child

A rash on the body of a child can appear for reasons of a different nature. Most often, these are the consequences or signs of the baby's painful conditions. It is important to note that a rash just doesn't appear. To find out the reasons, you need a visit to the doctor.

It is for the reasons for the appearance that the types of rash are distinguished. Classification example:

Allergic rash in children photo

An allergic rash in children (pictured) can appear for various reasons: as a reaction to a new product in the child's diet, or if the child has overeaten any product; for flowering plants, shrubs; on various fragrances or aerosols for the home.

The main difference between an allergic rash and a rash in other diseases is general condition of the child: temperature appears extremely rarely, the child is mobile, the appetite does not disappear. In general, the baby feels and behaves as usual.

When an allergic rash appears, you should consult a specialist. And also, parents need to remember that something new has been introduced in the life of the child: a new product, some kind of medicine or vitamins, and perhaps they went somewhere to rest, changed their place of residence. State all the information to the doctor, and then simply act on the basis of the recommendations for the child. In such cases, most often prescribed antihistamines. Mandatory exclusion from the life of the child all possible reasons occurrence of this allergy.

Rash in a child all over the body without fever

There can be many reasons for this rash. For example:

All these diseases in most cases are not accompanied by fever. But rash in 99% is. And parents should not panic. A rash in a child all over the body without fever is just a response of the child's body to the virus inside it.

Also, the cause of the appearance of a rash without accompanying temperature can be "classic":

or :

What is the correct behavior of parents in this case. Firstly, no panic; second, immediately call a doctor for examination; thirdly, it is imperative to monitor the condition of the child in the future, transfer everything to a specialist. And lastly, strictly follow all prescribed instructions from your doctor.

The reasons for the appearance of a small rash on the body of a child, which looks like goosebumps (pictured):

The treatment of such a rash is prescribed by a specialist, based on the root cause of the appearance.

Rash with enterovirus infection in children photo

This type of infection is especially dangerous for children. Why? is an infection of "dirty hands". Namely, children, as you know, drag everything into their mouths, try everything, and in most cases they don’t wash their hands. As a result - . In adults, the onset of this disease is most often only from an infected person through touch.

The rash in children (pictured) is a set of small and medium-sized tubercles, collected in small clusters.

The mucous membranes are the first to be affected, for example, oral cavity. Then the rash spreads to the limbs (palms, hands, heels and ankles), then - throughout the body. Importantly, with this disease, the child may experience vomiting, nausea. And areas of the skin where there is a rash, itch terribly.

Treatment consists of taking antiviral drugs, of course, on the recommendation of a specialist after the examination. Each baby's progression is different. Basically, the disease lasts no more than 5-7 days, then with proper treatment the child recovers and fully recovers.

Rash on child's back

A rash on the back of a child is a common occurrence. The reasons for the appearance may be the following:

In each hotel case, a rash is a sign of painful changes. The rash may have different character and kind- small, large, in the form of papules, flattened, purulent or filled with liquid, etc.

Depending on the cause of the appearance, there will be appropriate treatment.

Rash on baby's stomach

The cause of a rash on the abdomen in a child can be, like the most common sweat, an allergic reaction or the appearance of an infectious disease. So is the result of a serious illness in the body of a baby.

In this case, it’s better not to hope that this is just. Better call a pediatrician at home Based on the results of the examination, the doctor will prescribe treatment. Or will it give general recommendations child care so that the rash no longer bothers the baby.

Call an ambulance medical care needed in the following cases:

• There is a sharp increase in temperature after the appearance of a rash on the child's abdomen.
• The rash takes on the character of abscesses with secretions.
• The baby becomes lethargic, inactive, drowsy.
• The appearance of a rash is not only in the baby, but also in other children or parents.

A red rash in a child is an alarming sign that manifests itself at the most various diseases. Skin rashes can be accompanied by a variety of symptoms, including itching and fever. But what if a rash on the body occurs without any additional manifestations? Where to look for the cause of this condition?

Possible causes of skin rash

Any rash on the skin in children is a clear manifestation of problems in the body. A rash does not occur on its own, it always signals the start of some pathological process.

Rashes can be caused by one of the following conditions:

• infectious diseases;
• allergic reactions;
• autoimmune processes;
• pathology of the blood coagulation system;
• inflammatory processes in the skin or beyond.

infectious and various inflammatory diseases in children are usually accompanied by an increase in body temperature. Fever, chills, general weakness and other signs of intoxication are typical symptoms of an infectious process. In this case, skin rashes appear simultaneously with fever or occur several days after the onset of the disease.

With the development of an allergic reaction, on the contrary, body temperature may remain within the normal range. Rashes on the skin occur against the background of relatively good health and are always accompanied by quite severe itching. Itching is a typical companion of allergies of any origin. The severity of skin itching can be different, from very weak to very intense. Scratching the skin in children also testifies in favor of itching.

Infections and allergies are the most common causes of skin rashes in children of all ages. But what if the baby is covered with a rash that does not itch and does not disturb the general condition? The child does not experience much discomfort, body temperature remains normal. What does the appearance of such a symptom indicate?

Autoimmune diseases

Rashes on the skin in children without fever and itching are found in systemic diseases of the connective tissue. With this pathology, aggressive antibodies are produced in the child's body that work against their own cells. The disease can capture various organs and tissues, including the skin.

The exact causes of autoimmune pathology are not known. It is assumed that a hereditary factor may play a role in the development of the disease. The influence of various negative factors acting in utero is being studied. The role of bad ecology and reception is not excluded. medicines in the development of autoimmune diseases.

There are many systemic connective tissue diseases, and it is not possible to list them all. Most often, doctors and parents have to deal with the following conditions.

• scleroderma

With this pathology, plaques or elongated spots appear on the skin of the child, scattered throughout the body. Plaques can be of various sizes. A significant thickening of the skin at the site of the lesion is very characteristic. Most often, rashes are located on the skin of the face and extremities. There is no itch. Over time, areas of skin atrophy may form at the site of pathological foci. There is no increase in body temperature.

Contact your pediatrician if you have any suspicious skin rashes.

• Systemic lupus erythematosus

Rashes are localized on the face in the form of butterfly wings, as well as throughout the body. The predominant location of the foci is open areas of the skin. Rashes differ in pronounced polymorphism. It can be a small red rash, huge plaques or painful blisters. Very characteristic simultaneous damage to blood vessels, large joints, heart and kidneys.

• Systemic vasculitis

Vasculitis is a group of heterogeneous diseases associated with damage to the walls of small and large vessels. Such changes lead to the appearance of rashes on the skin in children. Itching is not typical. General state the child usually does not change.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis is characterized by the following symptoms:

1. punctate rash mainly on the lower extremities;
2. rashes merge with each other;
3. the rash worsens when the child is upright.

Other forms of vasculitis in children are much less common.

pyoderma

Acne on the body of a child can be one of the manifestations of a skin infection. Pyoderma occurs in children of any age as a result of the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the skin. Most often, the opportunistic flora that lives on the skin of each person becomes the culprit of the disease.

With pyoderma, a colorless rash appears on the skin in the form of bubbles. Redness and swelling of the skin around the rash is characteristic. Purulent pimples ripen and burst, becoming covered with a yellowish-gray crust. After the process is resolved, scars may remain on the skin. Itching is not typical. The rash can be very painful, especially in areas of natural skin folds.

Pyoderma often occurs without an increase in body temperature. In young children, a purulent skin infection may be accompanied by severe fever. In this case, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible in order to prevent the development of complications.

If purulent vesicles appear on the skin of a newborn, immediately call an ambulance!

Pathology of hemostasis

Hemorrhagic rashes on the skin, not accompanied by itching and fever, can occur with various disorders of the blood coagulation system. These can be congenital and acquired pathologies of hemostasis associated with a lack of certain blood factors. A small petechial rash does not itch and does not cause any concern to the child. Fever is not typical.

Violations of the blood coagulation system are often accompanied by bleeding different intensity. Bleeding may be the result of trauma or occur spontaneously without visible reasons. Typically rapid bruising under the skin.

Changes in the hemostasis system is a condition that can threaten the life of a child. Any hemorrhagic rash on the skin is a reason to see a doctor as soon as possible. The sooner the cause of the problem is found, the more chances a small patient has for a successful outcome of the disease.

Infectious diseases

Some infectious diseases in children are not accompanied by fever. Colorless clustered rash chicken pox may appear without an increase in temperature. Rubella in children also does not always go away against the background of severe fever. In such situations, to distinguish an infectious rash from others skin changes is quite difficult.

It should be noted that young children are more likely to issue high temperature body in response to an infectious agent. Skin rash without fever usually occurs during adolescence. The atypical course of the disease may also be associated with the characteristics of the response. immune system child.

Dermatitis

Some skin diseases accompanied by the appearance of a rash on the skin without any additional symptoms. Rashes can be very diverse, in the form of small spots, vesicles, nodes or plaques, red, pink or colorless. Only a doctor can understand the causes of the disease and make the correct diagnosis after complete examination patient.

Parents of young children often have to deal with seborrheic dermatitis. This pathology is characterized by the appearance of the following symptoms:

• rashes in the form of small spots;
• the predominant localization of the rash is skin folds;
• oily sebaceous scales on the scalp;
• itching is very weak or absent;
• body temperature is within normal limits.

Seborrheic dermatitis develops mainly in children under 3 months of age. By the age of one year, most babies have no trace of the disease. When a bacterial infection is attached, pyoderma develops, which greatly complicates the diagnosis and treatment.

Skin rashes in children of any age, not accompanied by itching or fever, are an alarming situation for any parent. Understanding the causes of the rash and solving the problem at home can be quite difficult. Only a qualified doctor can adequately assess the condition of the child. After examination and additional examination, the doctor will be able to make a correct diagnosis and give his recommendations for further treatment.