Constant thirst: what this symptom can indicate. Increased thirst causes Often thirsty causes

The desire to drink water is considered the body's response to a lack of fluid. Polydipsia is quite understandable after elevated physical activity, in hot climates, after eating spicy or salty foods. Since all of the above factors reduce the supply of fluid in the body. But there are times when you want to drink all the time, regardless of the amount you drink.

Strong thirst is a symptom indicating a lack of water in the body. Consider the main causes, methods of diagnosis, treatment and options for preventing the disorder.

When the water level drops, the body takes moisture from the saliva, which makes it viscous, and the mucous membrane oral cavity dry. Due to dehydration, the skin loses elasticity, headaches and dizziness appear, facial features are sharpened. This happens in some diseases and pathological conditions of the body. In this case, to establish the real cause of the ailment, a medical consultation and a number of diagnostic procedures are required.

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Causes of intense thirst

There are many reasons for the increased need for fluid, consider the most common:

Dehydration - occurs with intense physical exertion, with bleeding or diarrhea, as well as in hot climates. Alcohol and coffee contribute to malaise. To eliminate the restoration of water-salt balance, it is recommended to drink more water.
Evaporation of water with sweat - increased air temperature and physical activity cause sweating, after which you want to drink. This reaction of the body is considered normal. Concern should be caused by excessive sweating, which may indicate diseases of the nervous system, elevated body temperature, inflammatory processes, diseases of the lungs, heart, kidneys, or immune system. This state requires medical diagnosis, as it can lead to serious consequences.
Dry air - the body loses moisture in very dry air. This happens in air-conditioned rooms. To normalize humidity, you need to drink more water and start plants that raise humidity.
Soft water - if the water contains insufficient mineral salts, this causes a constant desire to drink. The thing is that mineral salts contribute to the absorption and retention of water in the body. It is recommended to drink mineral water of the sodium chloride group with a low salt content or bottled water with a normalized content of minerals.
Hard water - the excess of mineral salts also negatively affects the body, as well as their lack. If they are in excess, they attract water and make it difficult for cells to absorb it.
Spicy or salty foods - such foods irritate the mouth and throat, and the desire to drink occurs reflexively. It is recommended to give up such food for a while, if the ailments have passed, then you can not worry and return to your usual diet.
Diuretic foods - these foods remove water from the body, which causes dehydration and a desire to drink. Give up such food for a while, if everything is normal, then there are no health problems. But if polydipsia remains, then you should seek medical help.
Diabetes mellitus - the desire to drink and dry mouth remain after heavy drinking and are accompanied by frequent urge to urinate. In addition, dizziness, headaches, sudden weight gains are possible. With such symptoms, it is necessary to take a blood sugar test.
Drinking alcohol – Alcoholic beverages suck water out of the tissues of the body, creating dehydration.
Parathyroid dysfunction - hyperparathyroidism is accompanied by a constant desire to drink. This is due to a violation of the regulation of calcium levels in the body by the secretion of parathyroid hormone. The patient complains of muscle weakness, bone pain, renal colic, memory loss and fatigue. With such symptoms, it is necessary to visit an endocrinologist and pass a series of tests.
Medications - antibiotics, antihistamines, diuretics, hypotensive and expectorants cause dry mouth. To prevent this problem, it is recommended to consult a doctor and choose another medication.
Kidney disease - due to the inflammatory process, the kidneys do not retain fluid, causing a need for water. At the same time, problems with urination and swelling are observed. To eliminate the disease, you need to contact a nephrologist, pass urine for analysis and undergo an ultrasound scan.
Liver diseases - in addition to fluid deficiency, nausea, yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, pain in the right hypochondrium, frequent nosebleeds appear. With such symptoms, it is worth contacting a therapist and undergoing a liver exam for pathologies.
Injuries - very often traumatic injuries to the head cause intense thirst. For treatment, you need to contact a neurologist, since cerebral edema is possible without medical intervention.

Thirst as a symptom of the disease

Polydipsia occurs under the influence of many factors, but in some cases it is a symptom of the disease. At first, there is a feeling of thirst that cannot be quenched. This may be due to impaired functioning of the body and an imbalance of salts and fluids. The desire to drink is accompanied by severe dryness in the oral cavity and pharynx, which is associated with reduced secretion of saliva due to fluid deficiency.

Indomitable thirst, as a rule, indicates the development of diabetes. In this case, there is abundant and frequent urination, a violation of hormonal balance and water-salt metabolism.
Increased function of the parathyroid glands is another disease that is accompanied by polydipsia. The patient complains of muscle weakness, fatigue, sudden weight loss. Urine has a white color, this color is associated with calcium washed out of the bones.
Kidney disease glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis - cause dry mouth, swelling and problems with urination. The disorder occurs due to the fact that the affected organ cannot retain the required amount of fluid in the body.
Brain injuries and neurosurgical operations lead to the development of diabetes insipidus, which causes a constant lack of water. At the same time, regardless of the amount of fluid consumed, dehydration does not go away.
Stress and nervous experiences, mental disorders (schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorders) - most often women suffer from thirst for these reasons. In addition, there is irritability, tearfulness, a constant desire to sleep.

In addition to the above diseases, an insatiable desire to drink occurs with drug and alcohol addiction, hyperglycemia, infections, burns, liver diseases and of cardio-vascular system.

Intense thirst in the evening

Very often in the evening there is an inexplicable feeling of thirst. This condition is associated with a slowdown in metabolic processes in the body. On average, up to 2 liters of water are drunk during the day; in the heat, the need for fluid increases regardless of the time of day. But in some cases, a strong and uncontrollable desire to drink water arises due to certain diseases. If the disorder persists for several days, but is not associated with heat or increased physical activity in the evening, then you should seek medical help.

It is imperative to investigate thyroid gland, do an ultrasound of the kidneys, take an analysis for thyroid hormones (TSH, T3f., T4f., ATPO, ATKTG), urinalysis, blood for biochemistry and the renal complex (creatinine, glomerular filtration, urea).

One of the common causes of thirst is intoxication. A classic example of a disorder is a hangover. The decay products of alcohol begin to poison the body, and in order to get rid of them, a large amount of water must be supplied. This is necessary to remove toxins naturally, that is, through the kidneys. If there are no problems with alcohol, but you still want to drink, then the reason may be related to an infection or a virus. Sugar and diabetes insipidus, oncological diseases, severe stress and nervous disorders, also provoke increased water consumption in the evening.

Strong thirst at night

Severe polydipsia at night occurs for many reasons, each of which requires detailed study. First of all, it is necessary to find out how much water a person consumes during the day. If there is not enough fluid, then the body is dehydrated and requires replenishing the water-salt balance. The lack of fluid appears when drinking coffee, salty, sweet and spicy foods at night. Too heavy dinner can provoke a night awakening to quench your thirst. In this case, in the morning the skin looks swollen and edematous.

The malaise can be caused by dry air in the sleeping room. Snoring and breathing in a dream with an open mouth cause the mucous membrane to dry out and the desire to drink. Various endocrine diseases, infections, inflammations and kidney diseases also provoke bouts of thirst at night.

Intense thirst after sleep

Polydipsia after sleep is a common phenomenon that everyone has experienced. The desire to drink water is very often accompanied by increased saliva viscosity, difficulty in swallowing, bad breath and burning of the tongue and oral mucosa. As a rule, such symptoms in the morning indicate intoxication of the body, which could occur due to excessive alcohol consumption the night before.

Some medications provoke an upset in the morning. This also applies to nighttime overeating. If the defect appears systematically, then this may indicate type 2 diabetes mellitus, one of the symptoms of which is insufficient production of saliva in the morning and its increased viscosity.

If the lack of fluid appears sporadically, then a similar condition occurs during stress, nervous disorders and experiences. Infectious diseases with elevated body temperature also cause thirst after sleep.

Intense thirst and nausea

Severe polydipsia and nausea are a combination of symptoms that indicate food poisoning or intestinal infections. Very often, these signs appear even before the developed clinical picture, which is accompanied by diarrhea and vomiting. Unpleasant symptoms can appear with errors in diet and overeating.

If the lack of fluid is accompanied by dryness and bitterness in the mouth, in addition to nausea, heartburn, belching and white coating on the tongue, these may be signs of such diseases:

Dyskinesia of the bile ducts - occurs with diseases of the gallbladder. Maybe one of the symptoms of pancreatitis, cholecystitis or gastritis.
Inflammation of the gums - the desire to drink water and nausea are accompanied by a metallic taste in the mouth, burning of the gums and tongue.
Gastritis of the stomach - patients complain of pain in the stomach, heartburn and a feeling of fullness.
Application medicines- Some antibiotics and antihistamines cause the symptoms described above.
Neurotic disorders, psychoses, neuroses, amenorrhea - disorders of the central nervous system often cause fluid deficiency in the body, bouts of nausea and other unpleasant symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract.
Diseases of the thyroid gland - due to changes in the motor function of the biliary tract, spasm occurs bile ducts and increases the release of adrenaline. This causes the tongue to appear white or yellow coating, as well as bitterness, dryness and lack of fluid.

In any case, if such disorders persist for several days, then you should seek medical help. The doctor will evaluate additional symptoms (presence of abdominal pain, indigestion and stool) that may indicate a disease of the digestive system, and will conduct a series of diagnostic tests to determine others. possible pathologies caused by nausea and dehydration.

Intense thirst and dry mouth

Severe dehydration with dry mouth are signs that indicate an imbalance in the body's water balance. Xerostomia or dryness in the mouth occurs due to a decrease or cessation of saliva production. This happens with certain diseases of an infectious nature, with lesions of the respiratory and nervous systems, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and autoimmune diseases. The discomfort may be temporary, but with exacerbation chronic diseases or the use of drugs, appears systematically.

If lack of fluid and dry mouth are accompanied by symptoms such as: frequent urge to go to the toilet or problems with urination, dryness in the nose and throat, cracks in the corners of the mouth, dizziness, changes in the taste of food and drinks, speech becomes slurred from the viscosity in the mouth, it hurts swallow, bad breath appears, then this indicates a serious illness that requires medical care.

Intense thirst after eating

Appearance intense thirst after eating has a physiological justification. The thing is that the body works to balance all the substances that enter it. This also applies to salt, which is ingested with food. Sensory receptors give the brain a signal about its presence in cells and tissues, so there is a desire to drink in order to reduce the balance of salt. Dehydration occurs when eating spicy foods and sweets.

In order to normalize the water-salt balance after a meal, it is recommended to drink 1 glass of purified water 20-30 minutes before a meal. This will allow the body to absorb everything. useful material entering the body with food and will not cause a desire to get drunk. 30-40 minutes after eating, you need to drink another glass of liquid. If you get drunk immediately after eating, it can cause pain in the gastrointestinal tract, belching, a feeling of heaviness and even nausea.

Intense thirst from metformin

Many patients who have been prescribed Metformin complain of intense thirst caused by taking the drug. The drug is included in the category of antidiabetic medicines used for type 1 and type 2 diabetes and for impaired glucose tolerance. As a rule, it is well tolerated, and in addition to the main medicinal action helps to significantly reduce weight. Normalization of body weight is possible when diets and physical activity for a long period of time did not help to remove extra pounds.

The drug is prescribed for the treatment of endocrinological and gynecological diseases. The active substance reduces appetite, reduces the absorption of glucose in the distal gastrointestinal tract, inhibits the synthesis of liver glycogen and regulates glucose levels. The drug reduces the stimulation of pancreatic cells responsible for the production of insulin, which reduces appetite.
The medication is taken orally, the dosage and duration of use are determined by the attending physician and depend on the indications. Single dose - 500 mg. During the use of tablets, it is necessary to abandon simple carbohydrates, as they can cause side effects from the gastrointestinal tract. If the medicine has caused nausea, then the dosage is halved.
Tablets are contraindicated for use during pregnancy and lactation, with heart, kidney and liver failure. Severe polydipsia is also a contraindication for use. The drug is not prescribed to patients under 15 years of age.
If a carbohydrate-free diet is not observed during the use of the drug, then it is possible side effects. Most often, patients complain of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pain in the abdomen, the appearance of a metallic taste. Long-term use may cause B12 deficiency anemia.

Proper use of Metformin with strict adherence to the dosage and without exceeding the recommended course of therapy does not cause dehydration or any other side effects.

Strong thirst in a child

Enhanced polydipsia is typical for patients of the pediatric age category. Many parents do not monitor the water balance of the child's body. So, if the baby is outside for a long time or under the scorching sun, then this can cause not only dehydration, but also heat stroke. Thirst in children has physiological causes, which arise due to the use of salty, spicy and sweet foods, and pathological, that is, caused by certain diseases.

Treatment depends on what the underlying cause is. The symptom cannot be ignored and it is recommended to take the child to the pediatrician as soon as possible. The doctor will conduct a comprehensive examination and help get rid of the ailment.

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Intense thirst during pregnancy

Pregnancy is a difficult period for every woman, as it is characterized by an increased load on the body. During gestation, the expectant mother very often suffers from dehydration. The human body is 80% water. Water is present in all cells and is the key to the normal functioning of the body. Fluid deficiency slows down metabolic processes and pathologically affects both the mother's body and the development of the fetus.

On the early dates During pregnancy, the fetus begins to form and its body does not function fully. This applies to the organs responsible for the neutralization of toxins and the removal of toxins. Therefore, a woman feels the need for a large amount of fluid necessary for their excretion.
Water is needed to form the amniotic fluid in which the baby develops. With each week, its volume increases, which means that thirst increases.
Another reason for the increased need for water is the restructuring of the circulatory system, which is completed by 20 weeks of gestation. Due to the lack of fluid, the blood becomes too thick. This is a threat, both for the expectant mother and for the child, as they can form intravascular blood clots, ischemic damage and other pathologies.
Change in taste preferences - during pregnancy, a woman is drawn to food experiments. Excessive consumption of sweet, spicy, salty and fatty foods requires additional fluids for digestion and excretion of increased amounts of salt from the body.

In some cases, doctors restrict pregnant women from drinking water. This is due to poor urine tests, swelling, polyhydramnios. Increased accumulation of water can cause preeclampsia and premature birth. If dehydration is accompanied by dryness in the mouth, then this may indicate the development of serious diseases. Sometimes expectant mothers are diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus, which is detected in urine and blood tests. In this case, a woman is prescribed a special diet to normalize blood sugar. Viral diseases, microbial infections, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract, are also accompanied by polydipsia.

For example, the period of bearing a child or playing sports.

It is unacceptable to consider the feeling of thirst as the only clinical manifestation. It is mandatory to pay attention to other signs that may complement it. Often, such symptoms are the appearance of plaque on the tongue, weakness and nausea, an unpleasant aftertaste in the mouth and dizziness.

Adequate diagnosis of constant thirst, i.e., identifying the causes of its occurrence, requires an integrated approach and, in addition to primary diagnostic measures, includes laboratory and instrumental examinations patient.

Therapeutic measures will completely depend on what disease has become a provocateur of such a symptom, often conservative methods are sufficient.

Etiology

First of all, it should be noted that the most acceptable amount of liquid that a person should drink per day is two liters. In some cases, it is the lack of water that leads to the fact that a person suffers from constant thirst. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly monitor the volume of fluids drunk, especially in children and the elderly, as well as in malnourished patients.

The reasons for constant thirst will be dictated by the methods of removing fluid from the body. This can happen through:

kidneys and intestines;
skin covering;
lungs and mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract.

Loss of water through the kidneys occurs against the background of:

uncontrolled intake of diuretics;
abuse of drugs for weight loss;
excessive ingestion of liquids that contain ethanol, for example, it can be beer;
diabetes insipidus - a similar disease is accompanied by the fact that human body highlights a large number of light urine, up to several liters per day, which leads to a feeling of constant thirst;
wrinkling of the kidney, which may be a primary or secondary pathological condition;
acute or chronic course of pyelonephritis;
chronic form of glomerulonephritis;
the course of diabetes mellitus of both the first and second types;
hyperparathyroidism - despite the fact that this pathology is caused by impaired functioning endocrine system it negatively affects the kidneys.

Loss of fluid through the respiratory tract occurs when a person has:

rhinitis of hypertrophic variety;
adenoiditis - most often causes severe thirst in children;
night snoring - it is because of this factor that people wake up at night from dry mouth or feel thirsty in the morning.

The loss of water through the lungs is caused by such pathological conditions:

Increased sweating is the main source of why the human body is dehydrated. This condition can be both pathological and physiological. In the latter case, sweating is caused by intense physical activity and the hot season.

As for pathological increased sweating, it can occur due to:

thyrotoxicosis;
severe menopause, namely against the background of frequently recurring tides;
acromegaly;
Hodgkin's lymphoma;
irrational use of medicines;
a wide range of endocrine dysfunction.

The mechanism of water loss through the intestines is based on any conditions that, in their clinical picture have frequent vomiting or stool disorder in the form of diarrhea. It is also worth considering that thirst can be caused by concealment of hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract. This is typical for such ailments:

malignant or benign tumors intestines;
gastritis of any etiology;
peptic ulcer of the duodenum or stomach;
the formation of external or internal hemorrhoids;
anal fissures, etc.

In addition, the following diseases or pathological conditions can lead to constant thirst:

hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver;
head injury;
extensive burns;
mental disorders, in particular schizophrenia;
the course of any infectious process;
dental ailments;
decreased osmolality of blood plasma;
neoplasms in the brain;
alcohol intoxication;
diseases of the blood system;
damage to the hypothalamus - it is in it that the center of thirst is located;
sharp surgical pathologies abdominal organs - this should include inflammation of the appendix, perforated ulcer, cholecystitis and intestinal obstruction.

Dry mouth and thirst can be provoked by the side effects of such drugs:

diuretics;
antibacterial substances of the tetracycline series;
preparations containing lithium;
medicines used in therapy mental disorders.

An important role in the development of the sensation of thirst is played by:

the use of fatty, salted and spicy foods;
addiction to such a bad habit as smoking;
abuse of strong coffee and sweet carbonated drinks.

As for the constant thirst during pregnancy, in such situations it is also considered a pathological manifestation, especially in cases of the appearance of additional alarming symptoms. The only exception is the first trimester of childbearing. During pregnancy in the early stages, almost all women suffer from toxicosis, which is characterized by profuse vomiting.

Symptoms

Constant thirst is often the first clinical sign and is almost never the only symptom.

In general, the symptoms will consist of those manifestations that are characteristic of the pathological condition that has become the source of this symptom.

Nevertheless, the most common symptoms that complement the constant thirst are considered to be:

dryness in the mouth;
the allocation of a large amount of light urine;
coating of the tongue with a coating, the shade of which can vary from yellowish-white to gray or black;
weakness and general malaise;
fluctuations in blood pressure and heart rate - the appearance of such a sign is especially dangerous in combination with thirst for later dates bearing a child;
bad smell or taste in the mouth;
bouts of nausea, which quite often end in vomiting;
violation of the act of defecation;
temperature rise;
severe skin itching;
shortness of breath and belching;
headaches and dizziness;
shade change skin, it may become pathologically red, pale or cyanotic;
frequent urge to urinate;
swelling of the lower extremities;
pain syndrome with localization in the area of the affected organ;
decrease or complete absence appetite
sleep disturbance.

Patients need to remember that these are just some of the symptoms, the manifestation of which may be accompanied by a constant or strong feeling of thirst.

Diagnostics

If a person is constantly tormented by thirst, then, first of all, it is necessary to go for a consultation with a therapist. The doctor will conduct primary diagnostic measures, which will be aimed at:

collection of the life history of the patient;
studying the patient's medical history;
conducting a detailed physical examination, which must necessarily include an assessment of the condition of the skin, as well as measuring temperature, pulse and blood tone;
careful questioning of the patient;
general analysis of blood and urine;
blood biochemistry;
microscopic examination of feces;
Ultrasound and radiography;
CT and MRI.

After the preliminary cause of constant thirst is established, the therapist will most likely refer the patient for examination to such specialists:

If there is constant thirst during pregnancy, you will also need to consult an obstetrician-gynecologist.

Treatment

What to do to stop such a condition in which a person is constantly thirsty can only be told by the attending physician. In general, a wide range of therapeutic techniques are used, which will depend on the underlying cause of this symptom.

Either way, treatment will include:

taking medications;
diet therapy, which is based on the rejection of spicy and salty foods;
physiotherapy procedures;
application of recipes traditional medicine– can be used only after the approval of the attending physician;
minimally invasive surgical procedures;
open operations.

A sparing treatment regimen is selected for pregnant women and children.

Prevention

To avoid the appearance of constant thirst, you must:

to refuse from bad habits;
minimize the consumption of fatty, spicy and salty foods;
enrich the diet with foods that contain a lot of water;
take medication strictly as prescribed by the doctor;
several times a year to be fully examined in the clinic - for the early detection of diseases, the symptoms of which include a similar manifestation.

Despite a wide range of pathological causes, with timely treatment, the prognosis will be favorable.

"Strong thirst" is observed in diseases:

Kidney abscess is a rather rare disease, which is characterized by the formation of a limited area of inflammation filled with purulent infiltrate. The pathological focus is separated from the healthy tissues of this organ by a granulation shaft. The disease is one of the diseases requiring emergency surgical intervention.

Prostate adenoma (prostate adenoma) is inherently a somewhat outdated term, and therefore is used today in a slightly different form - in the form of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate adenoma, the symptoms of which we will consider below, is more familiar in this definition. The disease is characterized by the appearance of a small nodule (possibly several nodules), which gradually increases over time. The peculiarity of this disease is that, unlike cancer of this area, prostate adenoma is a benign formation.

Alcohol intoxication is a complex of behavioral disorders, physiological and psychological reactions that usually begin to progress after drinking alcohol in large doses. The main reason is the negative impact on the organs and systems of ethanol and its decay products, which cannot leave the body for a long time. Given pathological condition manifested by impaired coordination of movements, euphoria, impaired orientation in space, loss of attentiveness. In severe cases, intoxication can lead to coma.

Amyloidosis of the kidneys is a complex and dangerous pathology in which protein-carbohydrate metabolism is disturbed in the tissues of the kidneys. As a result, there is a synthesis and accumulation of a specific substance - amyloid. It is a protein-polysaccharide compound, which in its basic properties is similar to starch. Normally, this protein is not produced in the body, so its formation is abnormal for a person and entails a violation of kidney function.

Anuria is a condition in which urine does not enter the bladder, and, as a result, it does not stand out. In this condition, the amount of urine emitted per day is reduced to fifty milliliters. Given clinical symptom there is not only the absence of fluid in the bladder, but also the urge to empty.

Botulism is a rather severe disease of a toxic-infectious nature, the course of which leads to damage to the nervous system, spinal and medulla oblongata. Botulism, the symptoms of which are manifested when botulinum toxin-containing products, aerosols and water enter the body, as a result of a complex of processes also leads to the development of acute and progressive respiratory failure. As a result of the lack of proper treatment of botulism, the onset of death is not ruled out.

Many people have heard of such an ailment as dropsy. But few people know what this disease is and how it manifests itself. It is also worth knowing the answer to the most exciting question - how to get rid of dropsy? This information must be known, since the pathological process can occur in absolutely any person. Dropsy can develop even in a newborn baby. Causes Types Symptoms Ascites Dropsy gallbladder Dropsy in pregnancy Congenital dropsy Edema Dropsy of the testicle Dropsy of the spermatic cord Complications of dropsy of the testicle Specialist's recommendations Dropsy or dropsy is a pathological process in which transudate (excess fluid) accumulates in the subcutaneous tissue and the space between the tissues. Most often, this pathology develops in the body against the background of diseases of the following organs: heart; endocrine glands; kidneys; liver.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease during pregnancy in which there is an increase in blood glucose levels. It is noteworthy that it develops only in late pregnancy. The main reason for the formation of the disease is a violation of the hormonal background. However, there are a large number of other predisposing factors and risk groups.

Gigantism is an ailment that progresses due to increased production of growth hormone by the pituitary gland (endocrine gland). This causes the rapid growth of the limbs and torso. In addition, patients often experience a decrease in sexual function, inhibition of development. In the case of progression of gigantism, it is likely that the person will be infertile.

Hyperaldosteronism - acts as a fairly often diagnosed pathological condition that develops against the background of increased secretion of such a hormone of the adrenal cortex as aldosterone. Most often, the pathology occurs in adults, but it can also affect a child.

Hyperglycemia is a pathological condition that progresses due to an increase in the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream against the background of diseases of the endocrine system, including diabetes mellitus. Normal performance blood sugar - from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / l. With glycemia, the indicators increase to 6-7 mmol / l. The ICD-10 code is R73.9.

Hyperinsulinemia is clinical syndrome characterized by high levels of insulin and low blood sugar levels. Such a pathological process can lead not only to disruption of some body systems, but also to hypoglycemic coma, which in itself is a particular danger to human life.

Hypernatremia is a disease characterized by an increase in the level of sodium in the blood serum to a value of 145 mmol / l or higher. In addition, it is found reduced content fluids in the body. Pathology has a fairly high mortality rate.

Hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex is a pathological condition in which there is a rapid multiplication of the tissues that make up these glands. As a result, the body increases in size and its functioning is impaired. The disease is diagnosed both in adult men and women, and in young children. It is worth noting that such a form of pathology as congenital hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex is more common. In any case, the disease is quite dangerous, therefore, when its first symptoms appear, you should immediately contact a medical institution for a comprehensive examination and appointment. effective method therapy.

Hyperthyroidism (or thyrotoxicosis) is a clinical condition in which there is an overactive production of thyroid gland thyroid hormones - triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Hyperthyroidism, the symptoms of which are manifested as a result of supersaturation of the blood with these hormones and their spread by blood flow throughout the body, including tissues, organs and systems, leads to an acceleration of all processes in it, which negatively affects general condition patient in a number of ways.

Hypomenorrhea (syn. meager menstruation) is a violation of the menstrual cycle, when a small amount of bloody fluid is released from the genital tract (less than 50 milliliters). Pathology can be both primary and secondary.

Hyponatremia is the most common form of water and electrolyte imbalance, when there is a critical decrease in the concentration of sodium in the blood serum. In the absence of timely assistance, the likelihood of a fatal outcome is not excluded.

Glomerulonephritis in children is an infectious-allergic pathology in which inflammatory process localized in the renal glomeruli. Among specialists from the field of pediatrics, it is considered the most common acquired childhood illness.

Diabetic nephropathy is a process of pathological changes in the renal vessels, which is caused by diabetes mellitus. This disease leads to the development of chronic kidney failure, there is a high risk of death. The diagnosis is made through not only a physical examination of the patient, it also requires laboratory and instrumental methods of examination.

Dysentery, also referred to as shigellosis, is an intestinal disease. acute infections, this group itself implies diseases transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Dysentery, the symptoms of which are manifested in the form of diarrhea and general intoxication, has a tendency to its own widespread prevalence, which implies the possibility of an epidemic or pandemic if it is detected.

Ketoacidosis - dangerous complication diabetes mellitus, which, without adequate and timely treatment can lead to diabetic coma or even death. The condition begins to progress if the human body cannot fully use glucose as an energy source, as it lacks the hormone insulin. In this case, the compensatory mechanism is activated, and the body begins to use incoming fats as an energy source.

Leptospirosis is an ailment of an infectious nature, which is caused by specific pathogens from the genus Leptospira. The pathological process primarily affects the capillaries, as well as the liver, kidneys and muscles.

Fever of unknown origin (syn. LNG, hyperthermia) is a clinical case in which increased rates body temperature leader or only clinical sign. This state is said when the values persist for 3 weeks (in children - longer than 8 days) or more.

Diabetes insipidus is a syndrome caused by a lack of vasopressin in the body, which is also defined as antidiuretic hormone. Diabetes insipidus, the symptoms of which are a violation of water metabolism and are manifested in the form of constant thirst along with increased polyuria (increased urine formation), is, meanwhile, a fairly rare disease.

Jade in medicine refers to a whole group of various inflammatory diseases of the kidneys. All of them have a different etiology, as well as a development mechanism, symptomatic and pathomorphological features. Clinicians include local or widespread processes in this group, during which the kidney tissue grows, partially or completely collapses.

Nephrosis is a group of pathological processes in which the renal tubules are mainly affected. These disorders are dystrophic in nature, that is, changes chemical composition cells and tissues, the functioning of the renal tubules deteriorates. All these processes occur in violation of fat and protein metabolism.

Nephrotic syndrome is a disorder of the functioning of the kidneys, characterized by a strong loss of protein, which is excreted from the body along with urine, a decrease in albumin in the blood, and impaired metabolism of proteins and fats. The disease is accompanied by edema with localization throughout the body and an increased ability of blood to clot. Diagnosis is made on the basis of data on changes in blood and urine tests. Treatment is complex and consists of diet and drug therapy.

Smallpox smallpox (or smallpox as it was formerly called) is a highly contagious viral infection that affects only humans. Smallpox, the symptoms of which are manifested in the form of general intoxication in combination with characteristic rashes covering the skin and mucous membranes, ends for patients who have undergone it with partial or complete loss of vision and in almost all cases with scars left after ulcers.

Spicy viral hepatitis- is an infectious lesion of the liver, which is caused by specific microorganisms. Depending on which bacterium has become the source of the disease, the form of hepatitis will be determined. In addition to specific bacteria, other, unknown microorganisms can be the cause of the development of such a pathology. There are also a number of predisposing factors that increase the risk of developing the disease.

Pancreatitis in children is an autocatalytic enzymatic-inflammatory disease that affects the pancreas in a child and can lead to the development of gastroenterological diseases with other localization. It should be noted that this disease occurs not only in children, but also in adults.

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Symptoms and treatment of human diseases

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Thirst: causes of development, diagnosis and treatment of comorbidities

From a physiological point of view, strong thirst or polydipsia is the body's response to a violation of the ratio of water and various salts contained in its tissues. A high concentration of salts in the blood plasma and tissue fluid adversely affects the osmotic pressure, which ensures the shape of the cells and their normal functioning. As a result, skin elasticity is lost, facial features become sharper, a person may be disturbed by headaches and dizziness. Therefore, the lack of fluid in the cells causes a very strong desire of the body to restore the water balance.

The feeling of unquenchable thirst or polydipsia decreases or disappears when drinking large volumes of water - more than two liters per day (for an adult).

Causes of intense thirst

Polydipsia occurs due to the intense activation of the drinking center located in the brain. This, as a rule, can be caused by physiological or pathological causes.

Physiological causes of extreme thirst include:

Increased loss of water through sweat during intense exercise or heat.
Dehydration of the body in case of poisoning, accompanied by diarrhea.
Intoxication of the body with alcohol breakdown products, for the natural withdrawal (through the kidneys) of which a large amount of water is required.
Too dry air in the room, because of which the body has to lose moisture. This situation usually occurs during the heating season and during the operation of air conditioners. To solve the problem with the normalization of humidity, you can use humidifiers or indoor plants that increase the level of moisture in the room.
The use of spicy, salty or smoked foods, as well as the abuse of coffee and sweet soda.
Consumption of water with an insufficient content of mineral salts, the so-called soft water. Thanks to mineral salts the body absorbs and retains water better. Therefore, it is advisable to choose to drink mineral water sodium chloride group with a sufficient salt content.
The consumption of water with excessive salt content also negatively affects the body's water balance, since salt in excess prevents cells from absorbing water.
Eating foods and drinks that have diuretic properties. These foods cause dehydration and a strong desire to drink.

If the physiological causes of polydipsia are at least temporarily excluded, but the feeling of thirst does not stop, you should immediately contact a therapist and undergo all the necessary studies, since the causes of this problem may be pathological.

Pathological causes of polydipsia include:

The development of diabetes mellitus, which at first is always accompanied by frequent and copious urine output, which in turn dehydrates the body and causes thirst. The following accompanying symptoms may also indicate the development of this disease: skin itching, dizziness, recurrent headaches, sudden weight gain.
Diabetes insipidus is a violation of the endocrine system, which is accompanied by an intensive excretion of water through the kidneys (several liters of light-colored urine per day). With this problem, you should consult an endocrinologist. The main reasons for the development of diabetes insipidus are neurosurgical interventions or brain injuries.
Hyperparathyroidism is a violation of the parathyroid glands, in which calcium is washed out of the bone tissue. And since calcium is osmotically active, it “takes” water with it. Other symptoms may indicate the development of this endocrine disease:
- urine white color;
- sudden weight loss;
- muscle weakness;
- increased fatigue;
- pain in the legs;
- early tooth loss.
Kidney disease, which is usually accompanied by swelling, dry mouth, problem urination. Sick kidneys are not able to retain in the body the volumes of water necessary for its full-fledged life. The most common kidney disorders are acute and chronic pyelonephritis, primary and secondary contracted kidney, glomerulonephritis, hydronephrosis, and chronic renal failure.
Chronic stress and nervous tension, as well as more serious mental disorders (obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia). Mental problems can provoke a violation of the thirst regulation center, which is located in the hypothalamus. According to statistics, this cause of intense thirst is most often encountered by women. As a rule, symptoms such as drowsiness, tearfulness and irritability can indicate the development of a mental disorder simultaneously with an unquenchable desire to drink.
Brain tumor, stroke and other focal lesions and brain injuries that can disrupt the hypothalamus, which is responsible for the central regulation of thirst.
Pathological problems with the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), accompanied by constant hidden bleeding, which often causes a feeling of thirst. Most often, polydipsia is caused by an intestinal tumor, hemorrhoids, etc. To diagnose the presence of hidden bleeding, first of all, you need to take a stool test.
Generalized hyperhidrosis - increased sweating of a pathological nature. This disorder may indicate the development of diseases such as:
- thyrotoxicosis;
- acromegaly;
- pathological menopause;
- Hodgkin's lymphoma;
- other disorders of the endocrine system.

Increased non-physiological sweating is the reason for a visit to the endocrinologist.

Diseases that may be indicated by the presence of intense thirst in combination with nausea

Most often, these symptoms are combined with:

In addition, the combination of polydipsia and nausea may indicate diseases, the development of which causes other accompanying symptoms:

A white coating on the tongue, belching, heartburn, dryness and bitterness in the mouth may indicate disorders in the gallbladder (cholecystitis, pancreatitis or gastritis). The same symptoms may occur during the use of certain antibiotics and antihistamines.
Burning gums and tongue metallic taste in the mouth, combined with nausea and thirst, can disturb gum disease.
Heartburn, a feeling of fullness and pain in the stomach may indicate the development of gastritis of the stomach.
Violation of the water balance of the body and dry mouth, bitterness, plaque on the tongue of white or yellow color indicate thyroid dysfunction.
Nausea, polydipsia in combination with other painful symptoms in the gastrointestinal tract may indicate the development of diseases of the central nervous system (psychosis, neurosis, amenorrhea, neurotic disorders).

It is important to understand that if thirst and nausea bother you for several days, you cannot cope without medical help. You should consult a doctor who will professionally assess the associated symptoms; pass all the necessary tests and undergo a series of diagnostic studies. All these activities will help determine what kind of pathology you are suffering from.

Intense thirst and drugs

It is worth noting that polydipsia can be caused by taking medications that help remove moisture from the body. It can be:

In addition, some medications can cause increased sweating and thirst (for example, acetylsalicylic acid), which is usually listed on their list of side effects.

Among the popular drugs that make many patients thirsty are Metformin, an antidiabetic agent used in the treatment of:

Diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2.
Impaired glucose tolerance.
Gynecological diseases.
Endocrinological disorders.

Also, this drug is used to normalize body weight, since it active substance reduces insulin production, significantly reducing appetite. During the use of Metformin, a carbohydrate-free diet should be followed, otherwise side effects from the gastrointestinal tract are possible - nausea, vomiting, liquid stool, metallic taste in the mouth.

It is important to understand that with a competent approach to the use of Metformin, in compliance with all the recommendations specified in the instructions for this drug, any side effects are excluded, including dehydration and thirst.

Polydipsia during pregnancy

As you know, the human body consists of 80% water, the sufficient presence of which in each of its cells guarantees the normal functioning of the whole organism. During pregnancy, every woman is subject to increased stress and trials. Very often, the body of the expectant mother suffers from thirst and water balance disorders, which can provoke a slowdown in metabolic processes, and lead to pathological changes in the body of the mother and the development of the fetus.

The main causes of severe thirst in pregnant women:

Formation of amniotic fluid. With each week of fetal development, the volume of amniotic fluid increases, which means that the amount of water needed increases, and, accordingly, polydipsia increases.
During the first trimester of pregnancy, a woman needs more fluid to remove toxins and waste, since the undeveloped organs of the fetus are not yet able to neutralize them on their own.
Changes in the structure of the circulatory system that occur up to the 20th week of gestation. Since the body of a pregnant woman has to work more intensively, there is an increased need for fluid, the lack of which leads to the fact that the blood thickens. With a thick consistency of blood, the risk of blood clots, ischemia and other pathologies of the cardiovascular system increases.
Change in food tastes. As a woman tends to overindulge in sweet, salty, spicy, or fatty foods during pregnancy, she has an increased need for extra fluids to help digest and remove excess salt from the body.
Bacterial and viral infections, intestinal and respiratory disorders can also cause polydipsia.
Gestational diabetes mellitus, the development of which is accompanied by thirst and dry mouth. This disease can be diagnosed with urine and stool tests.

It is worth noting that there are situations when, according to urinalysis and accompanying symptoms, a pregnant woman needs to reduce the amount of fluid consumed. Otherwise, preeclampsia may develop and the risk of premature birth increases.

Diagnosis of polydipsia

Since polydipsia can be a symptom of a rather serious pathology of some body system, the diagnosis of thirst is a very complex and lengthy process, which includes:

questioning the patient;
inspection;
surrender laboratory tests. As a rule, a blood and urine test is done first. If the cause of increased thirst is not established, then tests for hormones, liver and kidney tests are prescribed;
hardware study of individual organs of the patient (radiography of the lungs, ECG, ultrasound, etc.).

Note! If thirst is non-physiological in nature, then the body, in most cases, is first diagnosed for the presence of diabetes or diabetes insipidus, as well as disorders in the functioning of the kidneys or the cardiovascular system, since these are the problems most often found in patients.

Prevention and treatment of polydipsia

The main task of the prevention and treatment of increased thirst is to restore the water-salt balance, as well as to identify and eliminate the factors that cause the body to feel unwell.

Increase the amount of fluid you drink to two liters per day. So that the problem of increased thirst does not make itself felt for a long time, it is advisable to drink half a cup of purified water every hour.
Normalize the humidity in the room where you are, because dry air increases thirst. To increase the humidity, you can have indoor plants or purchase a humidifier.
Refuse to consume fatty, spicy and salty foods, various dietary supplements and drugs that cause thirst, as well as snacks, coffee, alcoholic beverages, sweet soda.
Get rid of bad habits (smoking).
Half an hour before the start of training or other physical activity, drink half a glass of water.
Monitor the quality of your urination. If the urine is too light or dark in color, it is necessary to reconsider the amount of fluid consumed. With a normal water content in the body, urine has a moderately yellow color without a strong odor.

If the physiological factors that cause thirst are completely eliminated, but dehydration does not stop, you should immediately go to a general practitioner or endocrinologist at the place of residence, who will prescribe all the necessary tests and conduct a thorough examination of the body. If there is a head injury, after which increased thirst began to be observed, it is necessary to seek advice from a traumatologist and a neurologist.

It is important to understand that an increased feeling of thirst is not a cause, but a symptom of some kind of ailment. And that it is quite possible that we can talk about very serious diseases. Therefore, the appearance of polydipsia should never be ignored.

Evtushenko Oleg, endocrinologist

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Thirst is a defense mechanism that kicks in when the body loses too much fluid. Such a condition can occur with diseases and require examination and treatment of the patient or occur with physiological changes in the body. In any case, the cells signal that they do not have enough water, and the body is in danger.

How does thirst arise?

Receptors that respond to a decrease in the amount of fluid in the body are located everywhere - in the vessels, the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, in the kidneys, and in the brain. When dehydration occurs, impulses from these receptors enter the drinking center, there is a desire to drink water, that is, thirst.

If a person does not make up for the loss of fluid, the brain and nervous system in general, they receive less blood and oxygen along with it. As a result, their work is disrupted. Strokes, thrombosis, vascular sclerosis can occur. In addition, the blood becomes thicker, which makes it difficult to move through small vessels. Heart attacks and strokes can also occur.

Why is there constant thirst?

Causes of thirst can be natural (physiological) and pathological (as a result of diseases). In any case, fluid losses must be replaced. Prolonged dehydration (dehydration) can lead to the death of the patient.

Insufficient intake of water in the body. Each person should drink at least 50 ml / kg per day. Accordingly, this volume of fluid will depend on body weight, age and health status. When infectious diseases, exacerbations of chronic diseases, the need for fluid increases.
Excessive fluid loss from the body. This can occur with increased physical exertion, when the fluid comes out with sweat through the skin, with frequent urination as a result of taking diuretics, with kidney diseases (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis). Also, fluid can be lost through the lungs with rapid breathing. This occurs with diseases of the bronchopulmonary system (bronchitis, pneumonia), with fever and respiratory failure. At intestinal infections and accompanying vomiting and diarrhea fluid is lost through the intestines or stomach.
Abuse of salty foods. Salt enters the bloodstream, pulls water from the cells, as a result of which they become dehydrated, the body feels thirsty.
Pregnancy. Some women note the appearance of thirst in the very early stages, which is associated with hormonal changes in the body and an increase in fluid needs. During pregnancy, a woman drinks for two (three, four ...). In later periods (in the second and third trimesters), dry mouth and thirst result from an increase in the volume of amniotic fluid. These symptoms can also be a sign of gestational diabetes. If during pregnancy a woman dries all the time, it is necessary to visit a gynecologist and take an unscheduled blood test for sugar.

Thirst as a symptom of the disease

A constant feeling of thirst may accompany the following diseases:

Diabetes. Elevated blood sugar leads to an increase in its osmolarity. Along the concentration gradient, water is directed from cells and tissues to the blood, thirst arises. If you are constantly thirsty (even after drinking a liquid), you constantly want to go to the toilet (to urinate), your weight decreases to obscenely small numbers, weakness and drowsiness appear - most likely diabetes develops.
Diabetes insipidus is a disease that results from damage to a gland in the brain called the pituitary gland. There are a lot of reasons for its development, and the most basic symptom is increased urination (up to 10-20 liters per day) and, as a result of fluid loss, intense thirst.
Hodgkin's lymphoma is a malignant lesion lymph nodes, one of the manifestations of which are profuse night sweats. A person can lose up to two liters of fluid per night. Accordingly, in the morning the patient drinks a lot of water. If these symptoms appear, you should contact a hematologist or oncologist.
Adenoiditis, hypertrophic rhinitis. As a result of nasal congestion, a person begins to constantly breathe through his mouth, especially at night. Fluid is lost through the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, the cells dry out, dry mouth and thirst appear.
Thyrotoxicosis, acromegaly, hyperparathyroidism (generalized hyperhidrosis). These are diseases of the endocrine system that are characterized by increased sweating which leads to craving.
Brain diseases (tumors, strokes, aneurysms that affect the drinking center).
Intestinal bleeding (hemorrhoids, tumors, ulcerative colitis). These diseases lead to small but constant loss of blood and, along with it, fluid.
Mental disorders when the patient drinks large amounts of water.

What to do with strong thirst?

Contact your general practitioner or family doctor.
Get a clinical blood test and sugar test.
Biochemical blood test for the content of electrolytes (potassium, magnesium, calcium).
Analysis of feces for occult blood.
Contact an endocrinologist to exclude the pathology of the endocrine glands.
Contact an oncologist to rule out malignant neoplasms.

If after the examination the cause is not established, it is recommended to do a computed tomography to exclude brain tumors, strokes and cerebral aneurysms and consult a psychiatrist to rule out mental disorders. Only after establishing the cause of thirst can treatment begin, which consists in eliminating the underlying pathology that caused this symptom.

The reasons for the manifestation of constant thirst can be very diverse. The amount of fluid in our body can decrease due to vomiting, increased sweating, diarrhea. In addition, the body needs fluid replenishment when elevated temperature, with prolonged exposure to the sun and while following a diet. Contribute to the removal of fluid from the body steroid and diuretic drugs.

When there is not enough fluid in the body, the body receives it from saliva, which is why the mucous membrane of the mouth is dry. Lack of fluid or dehydration can cause weakness, headache, fatigue, decreased performance and general tone.

Causes of Constant Thirst

Why do you always want to drink? Constant thirst can be a signal of serious diseases, below we will describe each of them.

Diabetes. In diabetes, a person consumes a lot of liquid, but still feels thirsty. If constant thirst occurs after taking sugar-lowering drugs, insulin, then most likely the disease is exacerbated. It is necessary to go to a consultation with a doctor and do a blood test for sugar content, and take drugs that lower blood glucose levels.
Brain injury. After a head injury or neurosurgery, there is also a strong desire to drink. Thirst is very acute, a person can drink 10-15 liters per day. Diabetes begins to develop, leading to a lack of hormones that restrict urination.
Kidney diseases. Unhealthy kidneys are also the reason why you want to drink a lot. Kidney disease causes an increased need for fluid because they are unable to retain it effectively. Such diseases are still characterized by edema, and can go into serious complication kidney failure, which is life-threatening. It is urgent to consult with a nephrologist.
Excess hormones. With an excess of hormones, the function of the parathyroid glands increases, which is why you really want to drink. In addition to thirst, fatigue, a sharp weight loss, pain in the bones, rapid weakness. Urine, in this case, acquires a whitish tint, as calcium is washed out of the bones. With such symptoms, an urgent need to visit an endocrinologist.
Constant thirst can also be caused by certain drugs, antibiotics and diuretics.

How to deal with constant thirst

Try to replenish fluid until you feel very thirsty. In order not to feel constant thirst, drink half a glass of clean water every hour. If you are in a warm and dry room, increase your fluid intake. It is recommended to drink at least 1.5-2 liters of fluid per day.
Watch your urination. To prevent dehydration, you need to drink enough fluids so that the urine is not too dark or too light in color. Urine of a moderately yellow color indicates that there is enough fluid in the body.
Why do you want to drink at night? During physical activity and sports training, drink clean water. With hard work, the human body loses up to 2 liters of fluid, and only then feels thirsty. To prevent dehydration, it is worth drinking half a glass of water every 15-20 minutes during work or training.
If you are already consuming a large amount of liquid, but the thirst still remains, you should conduct a study on the content of sugar in the blood. Perhaps the cause of thirst is diabetes, which is why you are often thirsty. It is necessary to carry out full examination, adhere to treatment and diet.

Having learned why you want to drink, you will no longer be so indifferent and inattentive to this. After all, the body is able to give us alarming signals even before the detection of any disease. Do not neglect them. Be healthy!

Most diseases begin with seemingly insignificant symptoms, which we sometimes do not attach of great importance or we do not consider them an alarming signal. If we are thirsty, we just drink, but we are in no hurry to see a doctor. This may go on for quite some time. And yet there comes a time when we begin to think more and more often about why we are constantly thirsty. This becomes especially suspicious when there is no heat outside, and the appearance of a feeling of thirst was not preceded by intense physical work or a hearty meal.

So why are you constantly thirsty? It is possible that we are not talking about the disease. Thirst is often the result of taking drugs that cause or abuse coffee, alcohol, salt.

As a rule, you are thirsty while taking diuretics, certain types of antibiotics, expectorants and antihypertensives. Thirst is a constant companion of those who drink a lot of coffee and lean on junk food such as chips, crackers, salted nuts and fast food. It's only worth leaving bad habits and go to healthy eating, as the problem with constant thirst will disappear.

If you constantly want to drink, then the presence of diseases is not excluded. Probably, any person knows that dry mouth and a feeling of thirst are one of the most important signs of such a serious and common disease as diabetes mellitus. Therefore, having noticed the habit of drinking often, you should immediately go to the therapist and ask for a referral for a special blood test.

Patients with diabetes often live in ignorance for a long time and are unaware of their illness, without receiving the necessary treatment. But only early diagnosis and timely assistance can save them from such serious complications as complete blindness and amputation of the lower extremities.

In addition, you constantly want to drink with kidney failure, when the body cannot retain fluid, provoking thirst. At the same time, water does not come out well through the urinary system, but accumulates in the tissues, forming edema.

Another reason for the constant desire to drink is a rare disease called diabetes insipidus, in which the water-salt balance is disturbed and severe dehydration occurs. During frequent urination, sodium is excreted from the body.

Strong thirst also appears with hyperfunction. The disease is accompanied by severe weakness and fatigue, inability to concentrate, aching bones, and renal colic.

Increased thirst occurs in diseases of the liver. This may be cirrhosis or hepatitis, accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, yellowness of the sclera, nosebleeds.

And finally, I would like to say a few words about what drinks you need to drink to quench your thirst. It may be ordinary pure water, decoctions of plants (raspberry leaves, currants, mint), non-hot tea (green or black), but not juices with preservatives or carbonated drinks.