Staphylococcus aureus in the nose of a child treatment. Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococci are a very common type of bacteria. These microbes live everywhere - on the skin, mucous membranes, in the body of people and animals, on household items and food. They are not destroyed even by the most aggressive weather conditions. After freezing or drying, staphylococci can continue to function when conditions improve. When you first learn this information, you can be horrified, but in fact their presence is not as scary as it seems.

What is Staphylococcus aureus

Only 5% of adults are not infected with staphylococcus aureus. The rest either have it in chronic form or appears intermittently. Normal immunity healthy person able to suppress the reproduction of these microorganisms. Even children who have been in contact with these bacteria since birth live without any symptoms and harm to health. However, with a decrease in immunity or an initially weakened body of a newborn, an increase in the number of bacteria can go beyond acceptable limits. In this case, it is considered a disease that needs to be treated.

Symptoms of staphylococcus in the nose in children

A child's body is more difficult to tolerate the influence of harmful bacteria than an adult. Therefore, in a child, such a simple disease can quickly develop into a serious problem. To identify it, you need to pay attention to such signs:

• runny nose;
• a large amount of discharge from the nose, at first transparent, after purulent;
• problems with breathing and smell as a result of clogged nose;
• hoarseness or nasal voice;
• breathing through the mouth;
• increase in body temperature up to 38 degrees;
• itching in the nose;
• sore throat, redness of mucous membranes;
• ulcers near the nose and lips;
• enlarged tonsils;
• the appearance of a rash on the body;
• insomnia;
• fatigue;
• headache.

The above manifestations can be observed if the immune system at least relatively copes with the disease. Of course, it is necessary to help the body fight, but such symptoms are not as terrible as more serious complications.

What are the complications

Sometimes complications occur with a long course of the disease and the absence proper treatment. However, in some cases, staphylococcus aureus in a child's nose instantly causes the following symptoms:

• a sharp increase in temperature above 39 degrees;
• just as suddenly the temperature drops to 37-38 degrees;
• nausea, vomiting;
• diarrhea, bloating;
• poor appetite or lack of it;
• weakness;
• inflammation of the larynx and lower respiratory tract.

In especially severe cases, staphylococcal infection causes:

Staphylococcus aureus in the nose of a child can cause great damage to the entire body of the child. The reason is that the child's body does not have time to suppress the reproduction of microorganisms - they instantly spread not only through the nasopharynx, but throughout the body. Getting into the blood, staphylococcus affects many organs and releases toxins that destroy cells.

Toxins in the body in children cause more pronounced symptoms, as a small body gets severe poisoning with them.

Causes and ways of infection

As already mentioned, these microorganisms are everywhere, because there are a lot of options for how they can become infected. They are easily transmitted by household, airborne, airborne dust routes. A mother can pass on staph during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

To prevent bacteria from entering the body in large quantities, it is worth adhering to hygiene standards, diversifying the child’s diet, processing food properly, avoiding potential allergens in the children’s room, and accustoming the child to an active lifestyle. However, given the prevalence of the microorganism, it is worth paying attention to the reasons why it affects one organism and does not harm another.

1. Prematurity. Premature babies have many problems with the immune system, and therefore there is a danger of becoming infected with various microbes.
2. Mother's lack of milk. Mother's milk helps to strengthen the baby's immune system. If for some reason the mother cannot breastfeed the child, his immunity develops worse.
3. Disease immune system. Children with HIV are at risk of contracting staphylococcus aureus.

How is Staphylococcus aureus diagnosed?

To find out which microorganisms caused the disease, the doctor takes a swab from the nose and a stool sample for laboratory testing. These methods not only help to determine the diagnosis, but also correct the treatment of the disease. With the help of the material taken, the specialist can find out which drug the bacterium is more sensitive to.

In case of complications in the organs of the child, the pediatrician may prescribe additional methods studying the state of the body: x-ray of the nose, ultrasound internal organs, analysis of blood and urine.

How to treat staphylococcus in the nose of a child

In order for the treatment of staphylococcus in the nose of a child to be effective, a complex of drugs is prescribed - antibiotics, antihistamines, immunomodulators, vitamins, liquids for treating the nasal cavity. If the disease has complications, the list of drugs increases - goes astray fever, drugs are prescribed to support the liver or other organ affected by the disease.

Of the antibiotics, they help to cure staphylococcus well:

• Amoxiclav;
• Ceftriaxone;
• Ofloxacin;
• Mancomycin;
• Oxacycline;
• Unazine.

It is important that the doctor correctly selects the dosage of the antibiotic. One of the most common self-treatment mistakes is misuse drug. If you drink an antibiotic in insufficient quantities or skip taking the drug, the microorganism will adapt to the treatment. In this case, the antibiotic has to be changed to another, and a sharp change in drugs adds harm to the weakened body. Also, antibiotics have to be changed if improvement does not occur even with the correct intake of drugs. The course of treatment for this infection is long - from two to three weeks.

Among immunomodulators and immunostimulants, the most commonly prescribed are:

The antibiotic removes the initial problem, and the immunomodulator should help the immune system to cope with the infection in the future. Without the use of these funds, treatment may have a short-term effect.

Vitamins are also important for healing. Even well-nourished children may be deficient in vitamins and minerals when they are sick. The body needs more to fight disease. useful substances. Some vitamins enhance immune function organism.

Outside, ulcers and pustules can be treated with brilliant green. Inside the nose, they can be smeared with tetracycline ointment. Treatment with alcohol or peroxide does not give the desired effect. Ulcers should not be scratched. If the abscesses are large, it is sometimes necessary surgical intervention to cure them.

Staphylococcal bacteriophage also helps in the treatment of staphylococcus aureus. This is a biological product containing beneficial viruses that act on pathogens.

Folk methods of treatment

As additional treatment You can use the following popular methods:

It is undesirable to use folk remedies as the main treatment. They work well when combined with medications. traditional medicine, but without antibiotics and immunostimulants, they can be powerless against a severe staphylococcal infection. Due to the time spent on ineffective treatment, complications can begin in the child's body.

Prolonged runny nose and sore throat are often caused by staphylococcal flora. The most dangerous forms of diseases are usually provoked by Staphylococcus aureus. This article will tell parents about what features such infectious diseases have in babies.

Symptoms

Staphylococci aureus are highly pathogenic microorganisms. Once in the child's body, they can cause multiple lesions. The severity of adverse symptoms can be different and depends on many factors. Staphylococcal infection in newborn babies and infants is quite difficult.

One of my favorite localizations for Staphylococcus aureus are the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. In this case, infection occurs by airborne droplets.

You can get infected from any sick person or carrier of the infection that has microorganisms in the nasal cavity and oropharynx. Even a simple conversation with him can lead to infection. Staphylococcus aureus has a whole arsenal of various toxic substances that lead to severe inflammation. Expressed inflammatory process leads to the appearance of adverse symptoms in a sick child. These symptoms appear taking into account the predominant localization of the inflammatory process.

The severe course of the disease is usually accompanied by a pronounced intoxication syndrome. It is manifested by an increase in body temperature. In severe cases of the disease, it rises to 38-39 degrees. A sick child does not sleep well, often wakes up at night. Babies have a reduced appetite. They become more moody and lethargic.

in the nose

Staphylococci living in the nasal passages cause many adverse symptoms. characteristic symptom staphylococcal rhinitis - the appearance of a runny nose. The discharge from the nose has a yellow or green light. They are usually thick, poorly separated. In some cases, the runny nose becomes protracted. Staphylococcal nasopharyngitis is an infectious pathology in which the mucous membranes in the nasopharynx become inflamed. This clinical variant infections can occur in babies at any age.

The incidence increases during the cold season. Mass outbreaks of the disease occur mainly in crowded groups. Toddlers attending preschool educational institutions have a higher risk of infection.

The development of staphylococcal rhinitis leads to the impact of some provoking causes:

• Weakening of local immunity. Quite often occurs after severe hypothermia.
• Nose injury. Wounds of the mucous membrane contribute to easier penetration of any infection. Operations on the nasopharynx for the removal of adenoids or polyps also contribute to the active reproduction of microbes.
• Abuse of drops for the treatment of the common cold. Excessively long-term use of these drugs contributes to the development of atrophic changes in the mucous membranes of the nasal passages. This leads to the fact that pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus easily enters the nasal cavity.

In the throat

By airborne droplets, Staphylococcus aureus easily penetrates into the oropharynx and pharynx. This contributes to the development of a strong inflammatory process in the upper respiratory tract. Fairly common occurrence staph infection- bacterial pharyngitis. This pathology is manifested by the appearance of a purulent plaque that covers the outside of the tonsil. The palatine arches with staphylococcal pharyngitis increase and hang strongly over the entrance to the pharynx.

The throat of a sick baby becomes bright red. The tongue is coated with a gray or yellowish coating. During illness, the child develops severe soreness in the throat, appetite decreases. Babies may refuse breastfeeding or may not attach well to the breast.

Acute staphylococcal tonsillitis is accompanied by the development of many adverse symptoms. The pharynx in this condition becomes bright red, and in some cases even acquires a flaming color.

The palatine tonsils increase in size and loosen. Outside, they are covered with a purulent coating, which in some cases can harden and form dense crusts. When you try to remove plaque yourself with a teaspoon or spatula, bleeding appears. Staphylococcal tonsillitis is usually quite severe. In debilitated babies and children with chronic diseases internal organs, acute tonsillitis can lead to the development of multiple complications and adverse long-term consequences.

A fairly common manifestation is the development of bronchopneumonia.

It occurs in more than 10% of cases of acute staphylococcal tonsillitis.

Diagnostics

When the first adverse symptoms appear in the nose or throat, it is imperative to show the baby to the attending doctor. A pediatrician or pediatric otolaryngologist will be able to examine a sick child. After a clinical examination, the doctor establishes a preliminary diagnosis. Additional testing is required to identify infectious agents. laboratory tests. General analysis blood is carried out for all babies with signs of bacterial diseases. Staphylococcal pathologies of the upper respiratory tract are accompanied by the appearance of leukocytosis - an increase in the number of leukocytes.

A strong inflammatory process causes an acceleration of ESR. There are also changes in leukocyte formula. A blood test can detect any abnormalities at the most early stages. It is also possible to detect infectious agents in pathological secretions. You can determine staphylococcal nasopharyngitis or tonsillitis by conducting a bacteriological study.

The biological material for such examinations is discharge from the nasal cavity or mucus from the back of the pharynx. Research is carried out in a special laboratory. The effectiveness and specificity of these tests are quite high. A marker study that allows you to identify dangerous microbes is a smear. After applying the biological material to the glass slide, it is placed in a thermostat.

The result of bacteriological research is usually ready in a week. For the study, in some cases, sputum is taken, which the baby coughs up during the acute period of the disease. To establish the complications of staphylococcal acute tonsillitis, an additional instrumental research- radiography of the lungs. This method allows to detect pneumonia at the earliest stages of the development of the disease.

Complications

lingering current staphylococcal rhinitis often leads to the development of inflammation in the paranasal sinuses. Especially often this disease develops with untimely prescribed treatment. Staphylococcus aureus, getting into the sinuses of the nose, contribute to the development of severe inflammation in them. Ultimately, this leads to the development of acute bacterial sinusitis or frontal sinusitis. These pathologies are accompanied by the development of a severe debilitating rhinitis. Discharge from the nose in this condition is quite thick, yellow or brown in color.

A child suffering from sinusitis feels constant congestion. nasal breathing severely violated. The child's headache intensifies, which has a bursting and permanent character. Staphylococcal pneumonia is also quite common complication, which occurs as a result of an unfavorable course of acute tonsillitis, turning into bacterial bronchitis. This pathology is accompanied by a pronounced intoxication syndrome. Toddlers early age symptoms may develop respiratory failure. Therapy for staphylococcal pneumonia is carried out only in a hospital setting.

Treatment

Therapy of staphylococcal infections includes the appointment of a whole range of different drugs. The main goal is to eliminate bacterial foci and normalize the beneficial microflora that lives in the upper respiratory tract. For this, various antibiotics are prescribed. Reviews of the parents of babies who took these drugs indicate that these drugs have a pronounced positive effect. Cons of Using Antibiotics - Development side effects, which in some cases can be quite unpleasant.

Staphylococci aureus are particularly sensitive to penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics. Dosage, frequency and duration of use are determined individually, taking into account the age and weight of the baby, as well as the severity of the infectious pathology in a particular child. The duration of the treatment regimen may be different. On average, therapy for staphylococcal nasopharyngitis is 5-10 days. Acute tonsillitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus is treated in 1.5-2 weeks. In some cases, an alternative method of treatment is used using specific bacteriophages. These drugs have a narrowly targeted effect and cause the death of pathogenic microbes.

Treatment with bacteriophages has less side effects than with antibiotics. Such therapy has been used quite successfully to treat staphylococcal infections in the smallest patients. Various solutions of sea salt are used to improve nasal breathing. They are used to irrigate the nasal passages. These products help to rinse the nose of babies and help soften too dense secretions. You can use these solutions 3-4 times a day.

In some cases, vasoconstrictor nasal drops are used, which are prescribed by a doctor according to indications, taking into account the age of the baby.

The nasal cavity can also be treated with special medications. For the treatment of inflamed nasal passages, "Chlorophyllipt" is well suited. This tool allows you to reduce inflammation and has a detrimental effect on pathogenic staphylococci. Various decoctions are suitable for washing the sore throat. medicinal herbs. These available herbal remedies always found in every home first aid kit. For gargling, you can use a decoction of chamomile, sage, calendula. Rinse the neck should be 3-4 times a day an hour after eating. Only warm solutions can be used for rinsing.

Many bee products also have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. Ordinary propolis is suitable for rinsing the throat. Such rinses should be carried out 2-3 times a day for 10-14 days. Apply given treatment possible only for babies who do not have allergic reactions for bee products. Ordinary honey is also suitable for rinsing the throat. When the temperature rises above 38 degrees, antipyretics should be used.

For children quite successfully appointed medications based on paracetamol or ibuprofen. These funds are taken in an age dosage.

Doctors do not recommend taking acetylsalicylic acid during the acute period of an infectious disease in babies, as this can lead to the development of dangerous side effects of this drug. During the height of the illness, the baby should be at home. If the disease in a child occurs with severe fever, then the baby must necessarily observe bed rest. Such a forced and simple measure will help to significantly reduce the risk of developing dangerous complications infectious disease. During massive outbreaks of staphylococcal infections, quarantine is introduced in educational institutions. All babies who have been in contact with sick children are given preventive treatment.

To restore lost strength during the illness, the baby is prescribed restorative therapy. For this, multivitamin preparations are prescribed. The vitamins and microelements contained in them help restore immunity and improve the well-being of the child. They should be used for at least 30 days. Children with severe immune disorders are prescribed immunomodulatory therapy.

Is the detected staphylococcus in the nose dangerous, see the following video:

Staphylococcus aureus in the nose is a fairly common phenomenon. This type of microorganism is one of the most common human pathogens.

Very often they settle on the nasal mucosa or throat. Under their action, rhinitis and pharyngitis develop, and in general, the microbe is dangerous because it is the cause of about a hundred different diseases. Getting rid of staphylococcus is quite difficult, because it is resistant to many antibiotics and is highly resistant to various influences. environment. Staphylococcal infection requires a very serious attitude both from the point of view of treatment, and from the standpoint of prevention and elimination of factors provoking it.

These microorganisms are found in both children and adults. Staphylococcus aureus (and another name is aureus, from the Latin term) is very common - according to statistics, about 60% of people have encountered this microorganism at least once in their lives. There is evidence that about 20% of people are its permanent carriers, and only 5% of the world's population have such strong immunity that there is no pathogenic agent on the nasal mucosa. Despite the fact that it is so common, only under certain conditions can staphylococcus aureus on the nasal mucosa become dangerous. The risk is especially great when it enters the ear cavity, in paranasal sinuses nose, or, worst of all, into the lungs. In the latter case, the case may end with streptococcal pneumonia.

Studies have shown that often Staphylococcus aureus actively multiplies on the nasal mucosa of people working in medical institutions. Moreover, in this case, pathogenic microorganisms are resistant to most of the antibiotics used.

There is evidence that Staphylococcus aureus in the nose occurs in 95-99% of newborns. In infants, acquaintance with this bacterium begins immediately after birth. But most children get rid of this germ within a few days or weeks.

The causes of Staphylococcus aureus are very diverse, but the main role is played by a decrease in natural immunity. This happens under the influence of the following factors:

1. Severe hypothermia.
2. Acclimatization or adaptation to new environmental conditions (more often a child develops staphylococcus for this very reason).
3. Hormonal disorders. This is especially true for pregnant women, because their immunity is greatly reduced due to a serious restructuring of the body. At the same time, antibiotics are contraindicated for them. And as a result, staphylococcus aureus living on the surface of the nasal mucosa can cause severe purulent processes, meningitis or pneumonia.
4. Severe stress or psycho-emotional overstrain.
5. Active application vasoconstrictor drugs with a runny nose. Such drops are used for 2-3 days, no more.
6. Treatment of multiple infectious diseases antimicrobials in the form of drops, which leads to an imbalance in the microflora and active reproduction pathogenic bacteria.
7. Inappropriate selection of antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases. This leads to the destruction of beneficial microflora, which is replaced by pathogenic bacteria. The problem lies not so much in the antibiotics themselves, but in the fact that measures were not taken in a timely manner to restore the balance - in such cases, you need to drink probiotics immediately after taking the medicine.

Staphylococcus is highly contagious. This infection is easily and quickly transmitted from person to person by any contact route. So after contact with the nasal mucosa of a certain amount of bacteria from an infected person, staphylococcus begins to multiply actively, and this becomes the impetus for the onset of the disease. You can become infected with bacteria by airborne droplets or by household means (through common things and hygiene products). If staphylococcus is found in one of the family members, he is given separate dishes, a hand towel, bed linen, etc. But it is possible to transmit alimentary (through feces and vomit) or artificially (during surgical procedures or through injections) .

Symptoms

The specific symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus largely depend on whether the patient has comorbidities. Clinical picture as follows:

• at the initial stage, a secret is released in the form of transparent mucus, then it becomes cloudy and becomes thicker due to the appearance of pus;
• the temperature rises to 38 degrees and above, and sharply;
• voice becomes hoarse and nasal;
• the ability to distinguish odors is lost;
• appear external signs- the skin around the nose turns red, pustules appear on it, characteristic light brown crusts form.

If the infection is accompanied by sinusitis, then symptoms such as chills, severe toothache or headache, and swelling of the eyelids may be added. With sinusitis, the mucus discharged from the nose turns yellow-green. With frontal sinusitis, a person feels increased fatigue and weakness, dizziness appears. If the disease is caused by prolonged use of vasoconstrictors, then atrophy of the mucous membranes develops, which is accompanied by itching and severe dryness.

To diagnose this infection, a bacterial culture is mandatory. This is a special analysis, and you need to prepare for it in order for the result to be reliable. On the day of it, you can not use any nasal drops. But antibiotic therapy should be abandoned a week before sampling for sowing. This analysis takes quite a long time, but the faster microscopic method of examining a smear does not reveal either a specific type of bacteria or their resistance to treatment. There is a certain norm (for adults - 100-10000 CFU / ml in the sample), and if it is exceeded, then you should go to the doctor so that he develops a therapy regimen.

Treatment of staphylococcus should be complex. Although antibiotic therapy plays an important role in it, other drugs cannot be excluded. Now there are a number of antibiotics to which this disease is resistant. Basically, these are funds from the penicillin group. The fact is that earlier a staphylococcal infection was easily treatable with drugs of this type, but over time, bacteria developed a special enzyme that breaks down molecules active substance. So staphylococcus is resistant to Methicillin, Penicillin and Vancomycin. The appointment of antibiotics is carried out only after a special study, which may reveal resistance to some other drugs.

Staphylococcus cannot be destroyed by hydrogen peroxide, but it dies from the dyes of the aniline group (the notorious "brilliant green" is a medicine that is in every home).

To cure Staphylococcus aureus, the following methods are used:

• washing the nose with antiseptic solutions;
• the use of nasal ointments based on erythromycin and tetracycline (bacteria are sensitive to these antibiotics);
• nasal instillation oil solutions to prevent drying of the mucosa and the formation of crusts;
• usage antihistamines second generation (Claritin, Loratadin) to relieve puffiness;
• vitamin therapy to increase immunity, as well as the use of immunoglobulin.

Antistaphylococcal plasmas and toxoids are mainly used in severe cases of the disease. Anti-staphylococcal bacteriophage is used to eliminate this infection during pregnancy. It can be administered intravenously, but there are also forms for local application. This is an alternative to antibiotics, which are contraindicated for expectant mothers.

Sometimes it may be necessary to open the pustules surgically and their subsequent antiseptic treatment.

Folk remedies

The decrease in the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy makes us think about the treatment of folk remedies. These recipes are very diverse, but ointments and nasal lavage with various solutions are considered the most effective.

If an infection in the nasopharynx is actively developing, there is a runny nose, congestion, swelling of the mucosa, then optimal solution rinsing is considered. It can be done using the following tools:

1. A decoction of chamomile. On a glass of boiling water take 1 tbsp. l. dry flowers of the plant and boil in a water bath for 15 minutes. Then the solution is filtered and cooled to a comfortable temperature.
2. Lime blossom infusion. Should be more concentrated. On a glass of boiling water take 2 tbsp. l. vegetable raw materials and insist for 3 hours in a thermos. After that, the infusion is filtered, and it can be used immediately.
3. Salt solution (1 tsp salt per 1 liter of warm water). Such a tool has a weak antiseptic effect, but it allows you to remove staphylococcus from the nasal mucosa mechanically.

After washing, you can immediately drip your nose with freshly squeezed aloe juice. This plant has disinfectant and antibacterial properties.

At home, essential oils are widely used to treat Staphylococcus aureus. Their effectiveness has been proven by scientific research. So, the essential oil of juniper or marjoram destroys not only Staphylococcus aureus, but also coli. All types of staphylococcus are affected by essential oils of mint and lavender. And tea tree oil will be effective against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. Essential oils of aromatic herbs, which are widely used in cooking as spices, have strong antimicrobial activity. In addition to the already mentioned marjoram, these are anise, turmeric, thyme, fennel. Some experts advise using clove, cinnamon and red pepper oils. Moreover, it has been proven that against staphylococcus, which is localized on the nasal mucosa, essential oils act even in low concentrations. Thus, in terms of their effectiveness, they are practically not inferior to antibiotics, but they are devoid of such serious side effects.

These essential oils can be used in a variety of ways. For example, 2-3 drops are added to a ready-made pharmacy ointment, which is used to lubricate the nostrils in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus.

To wash the nose, a saline solution is used (1 tsp. iodized salt per glass of warm boiled water), to which 2-3 drops are added essential oil eucalyptus. The solution must be used immediately, it can not be stored.

Propolis is also used to kill staphylococcus aureus. This bee product has high antibacterial and antiviral activity. Propolis is often produced in the form alcohol tinctures. But it is impossible to use them in their pure form for instillation of the nose, since they can burn the mucous membrane. It is better to take an aqueous solution of propolis. Prepare it as follows: for 60 ml cold water take 2 tbsp. l. crushed propolis and heated in a water bath to a temperature of 80 degrees, but do not bring to a boil. The solution is infused for 6 hours, after which it is filtered. You can bury it 2-3 times a day, 2 drops in each nostril. This remedy is also used to facilitate breathing. But you need to first make sure that it is not allergic.

In order to get rid of a staph infection, it is not enough just to eliminate the symptoms listed above. Improving immunity plays an important role. To do this, you can use natural remedies. Rosehip decoction, which is mixed with fresh apricot pulp, is very effective. In the treatment of the disease, it is recommended to drink it twice a day - in the morning on an empty stomach and in the evening before bedtime. It helps to get rid of staphylococcal infection and prevent the recurrence of the disease. This remedy is good because it can be used during pregnancy. Black currant gives a similar effect. It is recommended to drink freshly squeezed parsley juice on an empty stomach.

Although human body inhabit hundreds of species of bacteria, not all can peacefully exist with the owner. One of these inhabitants is Staphylococcus aureus - it causes pathological processes on the skin in response to its toxins, which Staphylococcus actively secretes. Most often, Staphylococcus aureus can be found on the mucous membranes, including in the nose. To know how to treat staph in the nose effectively and quickly, you need to consult a doctor. It is he who will prescribe the most appropriate treatment regimen, taking into account individual features patient.

Treatment of the disease

The main category of drugs that are used in the treatment of staphylococcus aureus are antibacterial agents. Don't be afraid to prescribe antibiotics. In this case, this approach is fully justified, because only antibacterial drugs can fight the infection. In addition, when contacting a doctor, the drug will be selected individually, taking into account all the characteristics of the patient.

When prescribing drugs for staphylococcus, doctors take into account the following features of this pathogenic microorganism:

• Staphylococcus aureus is very problematic to cure, since the bacterium actively adapts to some antibiotics and the drugs practically do not have any effect on it;
• with frequent use of antibacterial agents, a super-resistant strain may develop and it will be necessary to radically change the tactics of treatment;
• the wrong choice of a drug for the treatment of a disease can provoke an even greater reproduction of staphylococcus aureus in the nasal passages;
• with damage to the mucous surfaces of the nasal cavity, there is a high risk of infection entering the bloodstream, so treatment should be started quickly and in full;
• staphylococcus gives serious complications - purulent skin lesions (pyoderma), endocarditis, sepsis, meningitis, intestinal intoxication. Therefore, it is unacceptable to treat staphylococcus with folk remedies. This will only lead to aggravation of the pathology and complications, which in newborns, for example, can lead to death, and in an adult - to disability.

At the initial stage, patients are prescribed drugs in the form of tablets. It is very convenient to use tablets, they can be constantly carried with you, using according to the scheme. In a severe course of the disease, pills alone cannot cope, so doctors prescribe the administration of injection solutions, the treatment is mainly inpatient.

A staphylococcal infection in the nasal cavity is treated for an average of about a month. The active use of antibacterial drugs gives significant improvements by the end of the first week of therapy, but this is not a reason to stop taking the prescribed medications. In this case, the infection will simply be preserved and will appear at the first opportunity - hypothermia, reduced immunity, etc.
Antibacterial drugs

Antibiotic Azithromycin copes well with Staphylococcus aureus

It is possible to cure staphylococcus, which struck the nasal cavity, with antibiotics penicillin series, second and third generation cephalosporins. Among the most popular drugs is Ampicillin - a powerful antibacterial drug aimed at the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms on the mucous membranes. Nafcillin and Sulbactam are also used.

In the presence of several types of bacteria, doctors prescribe combined agents, among which Flemoclav and Amoxiclav give success in treatment. In case of intolerance to individual antibiotics, drugs can be replaced with Erythromycin, Cefalexin, Azithromycin, Cefalotin. Effective drugs against Staphylococcus aureus, which affects the nasal mucosa, are Unazine, Actilin, Oxacillin, Sumamed, Vanmiksan, Ofloxacin, Vankoled, Nemitsin, Ceftriaxone. If staphylococcus is found in a woman during pregnancy, doctors select only those drugs that do not have a teratogenic effect on the fetus.

Among the strains of Staphylococcus aureus that affect the nasal passages, the resistant MRSA strain is the most dangerous. This is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which not everyone can cope with. antibacterial drugs. The MRSA strain appears in those patients who have extremely low immunity - people with the human immunodeficiency virus, the elderly, those who have undergone organ transplantation, radiation for cancer, etc. Therefore, when this type of staphylococcus is detected, patients are prescribed more powerful antibacterial drugs - Teicoplanin and Vancomycin. These drugs are prescribed by a doctor according to special schemes, since they are rarely used in the treatment of typical Staphylococcus aureus.

If it is impossible to prescribe drugs or in the absence of therapeutic effect doctors to prevent serious complications from the disease resort to extreme measures and prescribe anti-staphylococcal immunoglobulin or toxoid. With the help of these drugs, you can remove severe intoxication of the body and significantly improve the patient's condition. Along with these drugs, doctors also prescribe bacteriophage treatment, but it cannot be carried out along with treatment with Chlorophyllipt, an alcohol solution. Alcohol neutralizes the action of bacteriophages, so this treatment will not be effective. To be treated with a bacteriophage, you need to put cotton turundas soaked in a bacteriophage solution in your nose for a quarter of an hour. Such turundas are laid twice a day, the course of treatment is determined by the doctor.

Systemic drugs

The action of this group of drugs is aimed at increasing the body's defenses. To this end, doctors prescribe immunomodulators, antiallergic drugs and vitamins.

Among immunomodulators good effect have funds Immunoriks, Poludan, Galavit, Derinat, Taktivin, Immunal. To relieve swelling of the nose and make breathing easier antihistamines Zirtek, Erius, Loratadin, Tavegil, but Diazolin and Suprastin may be weak. Vitamin complexes for patients with staphylococcus do not differ in certain qualities - it will be enough to take Supradin, Alphabet and other multivitamins recommended by the doctor. It is especially important to carry out vitamin therapy in a child, because in childhood immunity is often weakened.

Means for local processing

Most effective treatment staphylococcus in the nose and nasopharynx will be if the patient treats the affected area with drugs local action. You can wash your nose with such means as Chlorhexidine and Miramistin in solutions that are antiseptics. The nose can also be washed with Chlorophyllipt solution. Do this four times a day for a week.

You can bury your nose with Isofra, Protargol, Bioparox and Polydex, which have an antibacterial and vasoconstrictive effect. Bioparox is very convenient to treat the nasal mucosa. The drug is sold in a pharmacy in the form of an aerosol, which must be injected into the nostrils alternately, covering the second nostril during injection and drawing in air with the drug. Then the same manipulations are done with the second nostril. IRS-19 is recommended for the same purpose in children.

Bioparox is very convenient to use in the form of inhalations.

An excellent effect is given by instillation of the nose with Chlorophyllipt, a few drops into each nostril twice a day. In addition to Chlorophyllipt, doctors recommend treating the nasal passages with hydrogen peroxide, but not in its pure form, but with a diluted agent with a quarter percent of peroxide. To achieve such a concentration, it is necessary to dilute three percent hydrogen peroxide with warm water in a ratio of one to ten, after which the resulting product can both irrigate the nasal passages and make lotions with it from cotton turundas soaked in liquid. It is strictly forbidden to use undiluted hydrogen peroxide in both adults and children. This will lead to the drying of the mucosa, the appearance of microcracks and the entry of staphylococcal infection into the blood.

When the infection goes beyond the boundaries of the nasal mucosa and the appearance of characteristic lesions on the skin around the wings of the nose, in the nasolabial fold, the use of Tetracycline and Erythromycin ointments is indicated. An excellent effect is given by ointments Fucidin, Baneocin, Bactroban, Supirocin and Fuciderm. They are active against most strains of staphylococcus aureus. The preparations are applied to the skin several times a day, rubbing the liniment well into the lesions.

Bactroban ointment containing mupirocin actively fights even resistant strains of staphylococcus

The course of therapy for treatment with ointments is from seven to ten days.

If abscesses on the skin do not go away after conservative treatment, doctors decide on a surgical opening of inflammatory neoplasms. Against abscesses on the skin near the nose, a solution of brilliant green helps well, to which Staphylococcus aureus is very susceptible.

With a significant separation of purulent contents, it is very important to remove it from the nasal passages in a timely manner so as not to provoke a worsening of the situation. To do this, the attending physician advises rinsing the nose with mild saline solutions Physiomer, No-salt, Humer and others. If necessary, doctors will recommend replacing saline solutions decoctions medicinal plants. The following agents are successfully used as solutions for washing the nose:

• chamomile decoction - a tablespoon of dried chamomile flowers is thrown into a glass of water, brought to a boil and insisted under the lid for a quarter of an hour. Then, already without a lid, the product is cooled to room temperature and used to rinse the nose;
• infusion of linden flowers - a remedy is prepared in a thermos, where two tablespoons of linden blossom are poured and poured with a glass of boiling water. After corking the container, the lime blossom is infused for three hours, and then cooled to a comfortable temperature and used to wash the nasal passages;
• remedy with eucalyptus oil - preparing a washing liquid is very simple: in a glass of warm water, you need to dissolve a teaspoon of sea salt and drop 2-3 drops of eucalyptus oil there. Rinse the nose when the liquid has cooled slightly.

Salt water with eucalyptus oil will become a good remedy prevention of the spread of staphylococcal infection to the throat and oral cavity

With staphylococcus in the nose, drugs must be prescribed to prevent infection in the larynx. Doctors recommend Lisobact lozenges, rinses with Miramistin and Furacillin, hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate. These measures will help protect the throat from staph infection.

If staphylococcus is detected, it is necessary to pass an analysis for this opportunistic microorganism to all people living in the same room with the sick person. There is a high probability that they can also be carriers of the bacteria. If relatives have an infection, they will also need treatment, and doctors will prescribe how to treat staphylococcus in the throat and nose of carriers of the bacteria. The sick person himself, three months after the end of treatment, needs to retake a scraping from the nasal mucosa for the presence of staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus can be considered successfully cured if the level of microorganisms does not exceed the norm at which the body will successfully cope with the bacterium.

Staphylococcus is included in the list of the most common microorganisms, along with rods and streptococci. Normally, it lives on the mucous membranes or on the skin. However, it is worth the immunity to decrease a little, as Staphylococcus aureus immediately “wakes up” from a conditionally pathogenic state and is ready to cause a lot of dangerous diseases, including tonsillitis, gingivitis, caries.

Herpetic eruptions with Staphylococcus aureus in a child

Description and types of staphylococci

"Grain of grapes" - this is how the translation from the ancient Greek language of the name "staphylococcus" sounds. If we consider the bacteria of this group under a microscope, they really resemble bunches of grapes.

Most staphylococci are classified as conditionally pathogenic, that is, while in the body, they do not manifest themselves in any way. However, among them there are enough dangerous species which, upon contact with the skin or mucous membranes, instantly cause inflammation.

Staphylococci are anaerobes (do not depend on the presence of oxygen). They can synthesize different color pigments: white, yellow, golden. Staphylococcus contains about 10 enzymes, which, when activated, lead to:

• increased blood clotting;
• metabolic disorders;
• induce immune responses.

Of the more than 50 staphylococci known to scientists, several types are most common: golden (S.aureus), saprophytic (S. saprophyticus) and epidermal (S. epidermidis). The most dangerous today are hemolytic (S. haemolyticus) and resistant (resistant) to various antibiotics forms of staphylococcus aureus (we recommend reading:).

Symptoms, methods of infection and the danger of staphylococcus in the nose and throat

High-risk groups in terms of morbidity include the following categories of people:

• small children (immunity, which does not work to its full potential, and sanitary and hygienic skills that have not been brought to automaticity play a significant role);
• older people (immunity weakens over the years, and the body is more susceptible to infections);
• often sick or having chronic diseases of the immune system.

Causes of staphylococcus infection in children include:

• infection through the umbilical wound;
• cracks in the nipples of a nursing mother - a gateway for infection of the baby (we recommend reading:);
• infection in medical institutions;
• non-compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards: dirty hands, unwashed products.

The main symptoms of the presence of staphylococcus aureus in the nose:

• dark green discharge;
• swelling of the nasopharyngeal mucosa;
• impaired sense of smell;
• itching in the nose;
• herpetic eruptions in or near the nose;
• increase in body temperature.

Symptoms of staphylococcal lesions of the throat and pharynx:

• ulcers in the throat;
• enlargement of the tonsils and adenoids;
• voice change;
• headache.

• acute rhinitis;
• chronic tonsillitis;
• pharyngitis;
• sinusitis;
• purulent angina.

How is an infection diagnosed?

If a doctor or you suspect a staph infection in a child, you must pass an analysis that will either confirm or deny the presence of staph. In the laboratory, the baby will take a swab from the mucous membrane of the throat, nose and pharynx.

The resulting material is sown in Petri dishes and the culture of bacteria is observed. If growth has begun, they check which antibiotic suppresses it. This study help the doctor determine which drug the patient needs for optimal treatment.

The number of bacteria is measured by the number of CFU grown in one liter of nutrient medium in a Petri dish of microorganisms. CFU is an abbreviation made up of the initial letters of the words "colony forming unit".

For a baby under 1 year old, the bacterial culture indicator ≤104 CFU is the norm. Excess indicates damage to the body by staphylococcus aureus.

After receiving the results of the analysis, on the form you will see a list of antibiotics, in which one of the letters stands next to each item - S, I or R:

• S (susceptible). This antibiotic will act actively on bacteria. Most efficient.
• I (intermediate). The effect of the drug will be moderate. Antibacterial effect of the average level.
• R (resistant). Bacteria are resistant to this drug. The antibiotic is not effective.

Methods of treatment

In the treatment of staphylococcal infections in children, various methods are used, which include both traditional drug treatment, and folk remedies. It is worth choosing a method of treatment after consulting with your doctor, because the health of the baby depends on it. The tests carried out will help the doctor adjust the already prescribed course, taking into account all the symptoms.

Nasal lavage

An excellent method of treatment after the detection of staphylococcus aureus is washing the nasal passages with special antibacterial drugs. Among them:

• Chlorhexidine. It has an antiseptic and disinfectant effect, it is used for children over 12 years old.
• Dolphin. A natural preparation that has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and antibacterial effects.
• Marimer. The medicine in the form of a spray will help wash the nose of children older than a year with various diseases nasopharynx.

Folk remedies

Folk recipes are based on the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of plants. Among the most common options for the treatment of streptococcal infections with natural ingredients, the following are distinguished:

• Chamomile. Has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect. A decoction is prepared from dried flowers, after boiling, insist for half an hour and instill in the nose.
• Sage. A decoction of its dried herb is used for rinsing staphylococcal lesion throat.
• Aloe. When instilled into the nose 3 times a day, the juice of fresh leaves of this plant will not only increase immunity, but also get rid of staphylococcal infections.
• Burdock and echinacea root. A decoction is prepared from the crushed raw materials and the remedy is taken several times a day.

Antibiotics

Folk remedies are good, but the treatment of staphylococcus is still based on the use of antibiotics. After bacterial culture, the doctor will prescribe the child one of the most common and effective drugs:

• Flemoklav (we recommend reading:);
• Ancomycin;
• Oxacillin;

• Amoxiclav;
• Vancomycin;
• Unazine;
• Erythromycin;
• Azithromycin;
• Cephalotin;
• Cephalexin.

Selection medicinal product occurs taking into account the age of the baby, his weight, the history of diseases in which he has already been prescribed antibiotics. While taking these drugs, you need to take probiotic preparations to prevent possible problems with digestion.

What can't be done?

If a child has symptoms of a staph infection and you want to treat him before the doctor arrives, in no case warm up the nose and do not apply warm compresses to the throat area. An increase in temperature promotes the growth of bacteria, and this will only exacerbate the situation. Using folk methods treatment, avoid the use of sweet and dairy products - they provoke the reproduction of staphylococci. Alcohol turundas in the nose will not help either, but will only dry out the mucous membrane of the child and lead to the formation of dry crusts.

When treating a staphylococcal infection, one should not forget that self-medication in this case is dangerous. Treating a patient without conducting the necessary tests or improper dosage of drugs will only harm the health of the baby.

It is worth remembering that if someone has successfully cured a child with a certain antibiotic, this does not mean at all that it is also suitable for treatment for you. Antibiotic therapy is strictly individual, so you should not risk the health of your baby.

Prevention of staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcal infection is easier to prevent than to cure (however, like any other). For prevention, you can advise:

• accustom the baby to careful hygiene procedures;
• always wash vegetables and fruits before eating;
• regularly carry out wet cleaning in the house;
• strengthen the child's immunity;
• avoid contact with sick people.

By following these simple preventative guidelines, you will reduce the chances of bacteria harming your baby. Remember that regular physical exercise, good nutrition and hardening procedures are the best prevention of any diseases.