Will transvaginal ultrasound show. Vaginal and transvaginal ultrasound

Modern Method Ultrasound is used by specialists in various branches of medicine. There are three ways to conduct ultrasound diagnostics: transvaginal, transabdominal and transrectal. Each has advantages and is used to study different organs. Which technique is right for you?

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Ultrasound method- one of the most informative and accessible types of survey. At the same time, the technique has huge advantages - the possibility of an urgent examination, the absence of pain and complex preparation, and the low cost of diagnostics.

Is it necessary to do an ultrasound at all?

Based on the diagnostic data obtained by ultrasound, an accurate diagnosis is made and the correct treatment regimen is selected for most diseases. internal organs. And this means that by visiting the ultrasound room, the patient is completely protected from medical errors and can quickly begin treatment.

If the doctor detects a pathology that requires additional examination, other tests are prescribed - MRI, CT, X-ray, biopsy. These methods are associated with radiation - magnetic or x-ray, and biopsy requires invasive intervention, which is unsafe and painful. That is why it is better to undergo an ultrasound first, without resorting to more serious methods - it is quite possible that the diagnosis will be made already at this stage.

In order for ultrasound diagnostics to show maximum efficiency, you need:

1. Choosing the right test method
2. Contact a good specialist
3. Pass an ultrasound on a modern apparatus of an expert class

We do all kinds of ultrasound - 2D, 3D, 4D diagnostics with Doppler

We use one of the best SonoAce X8 Doppler ultrasound scanners from SAMSUNG MEDISON. This device combines the maximum set of functions and a wide range of diagnostic capabilities - it contains all types of sensitive Doppler, it is distinguished by an excellent degree of visualization, the possibility of panoramic scanning of organs and real-time imaging in 2D, 3D and 4D formats. The kit contains all the sensors necessary for any type of ultrasound - transvaginal, transabdominal and transrectal.

We use one of the best ultrasound scanners with the SonoAce X8 doppler from the company SAMSUNG MEDISON. The device for the diagnostic combines the maximum set of functions and a wide range of diagnostic capabilities. SonoAce represents all kinds of sensitive Doppler, has an excellent degree of visualization, the possibility of panoramic scanning and the construction of images in real time in 2D, 3D and 4D formats. The kit includes all necessary ultrasound sensors of any type - transvaginal, transabdominal and transrectal.

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And now we will consider three methods of ultrasound, and find out which is better in each specific situation.

What is the best ultrasound method?

Most often, doctors prescribe ultrasound abdominal cavity, mammary glands, small pelvis, kidneys, thyroid gland, Bladder and liver. For men, one of the most important diagnostic methods is prostate ultrasound. Separately, it is worth designating ultrasound during pregnancy. Such an examination is carried out for pregnant women, regardless of their state of health, because its purpose is to examine the fetus.

Diagnostics is performed using sensors different type. The choice of method and type of sensor depends on which organs need to be checked.

Transvaginal ultrasound - examine the uterus and appendages

Transvaginal is called ultrasound method used in the examination of the pelvic organs in women. The study is carried out with a special sensor inserted into the vagina, and allows you to collect maximum information about the state of the uterus and appendages. The reliability of transvaginal ultrasound when examining the internal female genital organs is several times higher than that of other ultrasound diagnostic methods. All thanks to the proximity of the sensor to the organ under study.

Indications for transvaginal diagnosis

This research method has significantly increased the ability of urologists, obstetricians and gynecologists to timely diagnosis pathologies of internal organs.

Transvaginal ultrasound is prescribed for the following symptoms:

• Pain in the lower abdomen, not a sign of menstruation.
• Bloody discharge in the middle menstrual cycle.
• Signs of an ectopic pregnancy (ultrasound is performed after a three-week delay in menstruation).
• Non-pregnancy with active sexual life longer than 6 months.
• The duration of menstruation is up to 3 days or more than 7 days.
• Discomfort in the lower abdomen during intercourse.

Also, transvaginal diagnostics is carried out for preventive purposes once a year.

What does a transvaginal ultrasound show?

This diagnostic method reveals diseases of the genitourinary system:

• endometriosis;
• uterine fibroids;
• Ovarian cyst;
• The presence of fluid in the fallopian tubes (pus, blood, inflammatory fluid);
• Abnormal development of the internal genital organs;
• Malignant tumor of the uterus;
• Polyposis of the endometrial layer;
• ovarian cancer;
• Obstruction of the fallopian tubes;
• chorionepithelioma;
• Accumulation of fluid in the pelvis and lower abdomen.

Preparing and conducting a survey

Transvaginal diagnostics is prescribed only for women who are sexually active. Special preparation for the ultrasound procedure is not required. An important condition is to empty the bladder before the examination. It is also worth taking care of reducing flatulence with a tendency to increased gas formation. To do this, about a couple of hours before the procedure, a woman should take 5 tablets of Espumizan or a bag of Smecta.

The transvaginal ultrasound procedure is absolutely painless. A woman undresses to the waist from below and lies down on a couch or a gynecological chair, legs slightly apart and bent at the knees. The doctor puts a disposable condom on the transducer, applies a gel on top to facilitate the insertion of the probe and the movement of the ultrasound wave, then inserts the device shallowly into the vagina.

Transducer - a rod 12 cm long and 3 cm wide with a beveled handle, which has a hole for a biopsy needle.

In the process of examining the internal organs of a woman, the doctor moves the device in different directions. It doesn't deliver discomfort therefore, if the patient experiences discomfort, she should report it immediately.

Features of the method: is it possible to do transvaginal ultrasound during menstruation and pregnancy

The results of the procedure depend on the time of the procedure, namely the day of the menstrual cycle and the condition of the woman.

After ovulation, the internal genital organs change somewhat to prepare for conception. Therefore, more often transvaginal ultrasound is performed at the beginning of the cycle, it is better to do this 5-7 days after the onset of menstruation.

If endometriosis is suspected, the procedure is carried out in the second half of the cycle. When bleeding occurs in the middle of the cycle, transvaginal ultrasound is performed urgently in order to determine the cause of this phenomenon.

During pregnancy, diagnosis with a transducer is done in the first three months and only if indicated. For more later dates such an examination can cause a miscarriage.

Research results and their interpretation

Transvaginal ultrasound, in comparison with other methods, evaluates in more detail the number of mature follicles and their size, as well as the location of the uterus, its structure and size, the presence of fluid in the abdominal cavity, echo indicators of the internal genital organs.

The results obtained show the state of the female genital organs and reveal pathologies.

Echo signs of uterine pathology

Summing up, it should be noted that transvaginal ultrasound allows you to make a diagnosis in a timely and correct manner, to determine early pregnancy and its pathology.

Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)

TRUS is the most informative method for diagnosing the prostate gland in men. The ultrasound wave is reflected from the tissues, thereby forming an image of the organ on the monitor, in this case, the doctor observes the image of the prostate gland.

Indications for transrectal diagnostics

All men over 40 years of age should undergo a routine ultrasound of the prostate gland in order to prevent diseases of the genital area. In addition, this research method is indicated for:

• The appearance of pain in the perineum.
• Signs of prostate adenoma.
• Decreased potency.
• Feelings of discomfort when urinating.
• Frequent nighttime urination accompanied by pain and discomfort.
• Impossibility of conceiving a child (in the absence of health problems in a woman).
• Deviation from the norm in the spermogram and urinalysis.
• When pathologies are detected in the development of the genital organs.

How to prepare for TRUS?

Transrectal diagnosis of the prostate gland requires mandatory preliminary preparation. For the results to be as accurate as possible, the patient should perform a number of actions:

1. A couple of hours before the start of the examination procedure, you need to empty the intestines. To facilitate the process, you can apply Microlax or put a glycerin suppository rectally.
2. Fill your bladder. If an ultrasound of the prostate gland is prescribed for suspected infertility or a decrease in potency, then one hour before the start of the diagnosis, you need to drink 0.5 liters of water and do not empty your bladder.

If a study is ordered to identify problems with urination, the patient comes to the doctor with a bottle of non-carbonated water and starts drinking it. As soon as he feels the urge to urinate, he informs the doctor and goes to the ultrasound procedure.

How is a transrectal ultrasound performed?

The patient comes to the doctor, lies on the couch on his left side, bends his knees and presses them as tightly as possible to his chest. A special sensor with a condom previously put on it is inserted through the anus into the rectum to a shallow depth (up to 6 cm). The diameter of the sensor is about 2 cm, so when it is inserted, the patient does not experience pain - only some discomfort is felt.

If it is necessary to study the prostate and seminal vesicles, the sensor is inserted to a greater depth. If it is necessary to determine the emptying of the bladder, then the ultrasound is repeated after the patient goes to the toilet. This is how the amount of residual urine is estimated and possible pathologies are determined.

Deciphering the results of the study

A transsonography of the prostate evaluates such indicators as the shape and size of the prostate, its contours, structure, and echogenicity. Normally, the indicators should be as follows:

• Shape: triangular, semicircular or oval;
• Contours: clear, even;
• Echogenicity: fine-grained;
• Structure: heterogeneous (gland tissue and capsule have different echo density);
• Dimensions: length - 2.4-4 cm, width - 2.7-4.3 cm, thickness - 1.5-2.3 cm;
• Volume: up to 200 cm³.

Ultrasound of the prostate shows a hypoechoic seminal tubercle in the shape of a triangle and up to 2 mm in size. The bladder, rectum and ejaculatory ducts are also clearly visualized.

According to numerous reviews of experts, transrectal ultrasound is a highly informative study, while the urologist receives accurate data. If during the ultrasound no echo signs of pathology were detected, then the patient can re-pass the ultrasound only after a year if there are no complaints about men's health.

Transabdominal ultrasound

This method of obtaining information about diseases of the internal organs is effective, painless and inexpensive. Transabdominal ultrasound is used to assess the state of organs, systems and tissues of the body in both women and men.

Advantages and disadvantages

To obtain a more complete picture, transabdominal ultrasound is often performed in combination with other diagnostic methods eg: bimanual palpation, magnetic resonance therapy, laparoscopy, transvaginal ultrasound.

The transabdominal diagnostic method has a number of advantages:

1. Shows large tumors of internal organs.
2. Allows you to get a general picture of the state of the pelvic organs.
3. Does not require special preparation of the patient.
4. Absolutely harmless to the body and painless.
5. It is the only method for examining the internal genital organs in virgins.

Cons: part of the ultrasonic waves is absorbed by the tissues of the abdominal cavity, so the image may lose clarity. The following factors affect image clarity:

• Thickened abdominal wall or obesity;
• Adhesions of a postoperative nature.

It is worth noting that this type of ultrasound is inferior to others in informativeness. However, he is able to show general state of the investigated organ, without causing discomfort and pain to the patient. For men, this research method is prescribed in the absence of serious pathologies of the internal organs.

When is a transabdominal ultrasound indicated?

Indications for transabdominal diagnostics are diseases and pathologies of the abdominal organs, uterus and appendages in women, prostate in men.

In women, the main indications are:

• Tumors and adhesions of the internal genital organs.
• Enlarged uterus and appendages.
• Pregnancy (not early).
• control of fetal development.
• Ectopic or missed pregnancy.
• Genetic pathologies and diseases of the fetus (Down syndrome, cerebral hydrocephalus).
• Myoma and uterine cyst.
• Malignant tumors.
• Endometriosis, polyps and other pathologies of the appendages.
• endometrial cancer.
• Hormonal disbalance.
• Polycystic ovaries.
• Problems with conception.

Men are assigned a transabdominal scan if:

• Frequent and painful urination.
• Difficulty in urination.
• Sensation of fullness in the bladder and the inability to empty it completely.
• Unnatural discharge from the urethra.

Periodically, the doctor prescribes a transabdominal ultrasound for men who have chronic diseases and potency problems. Those who have had or have STIs should undergo this procedure.

Preparation and conduct of ultrasound

The method of transabdominal diagnostics does not require special preparation. The only thing that needs to be done before the procedure is to fill the bladder. The patient an hour before the ultrasound should drink plenty of water as much as he can. The filled bladder displaces the intestines from the small pelvis, thereby opening up a view for the sensor.

Ultrasound for women is prescribed on the 5th-8th day of the menstrual cycle, and during pregnancy, planned diagnostics are performed 3-4 times. An unscheduled study is prescribed according to the testimony of a doctor.

If the patient underwent x-rays a few days before the ultrasound, he should inform the doctor about this. After all, special substances received by the body after X-ray exposure can distort the image on the monitor.

The procedure itself is carried out in the same way for both sexes and does not depend on what exactly needs to be examined. The patient lies on the couch on his back. The doctor applies a special gel to the abdomen, which provides clarity ultrasonic signal. Then, with a special sensor, the doctor leads over the skin and examines the necessary organ.

Evaluation of the received data

The data obtained during the ultrasound, the doctor enters into the protocol of the study. Based on this information, the attending physician determines the presence of pathology and methods of its treatment. Most often, transabdominal ultrasound is used to diagnose the condition of the uterus and appendages.

On the basis of longitudinal sections, it is possible to determine the position of the uterus, its dimensions, contours, structure, and the state of the endometrial layer. The uterus of a healthy woman normally has the following indicators:

• The length and width are the same and are 4.5-5 cm;
• The thickness of the uterine structure increases depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle;
• The contours are even, clear;
• Echo density of the endometrium: medium;
• Structure: homogeneous.
• Indicators of the norm of the ovaries:
• The shape is oval;
• The contours are even, clear;
• Volume: 3.2-12.3 cm³;
• Stroma of medium density;
• Follicle diameter: from 3 to 30 mm.

Transabdominal diagnosis allows you to identify the dominant follicle and thus determine ovulation.

The use of transabdominal ultrasound in obstetrics in St. Petersburg

In this aspect, the most important task of ultrasound diagnostics is the establishment of pregnancy. AT modern medicine the method of transabdominal diagnostics is the only method for monitoring the development of the fetus from the early stages.

The fertilized egg can be seen as early as the 3rd week of pregnancy. To more accurately determine the date of conception, the average value of the internal diameter of the fetal egg is taken. The date of the expected birth is determined with high accuracy, the error is only a few days. The sex of the baby can be found out at about 18-20 weeks of pregnancy.

The transabdominal scanning method allows you to determine missed pregnancy, miscarriage, ectopic and multiple pregnancy, malformations in the development of the fetus and placenta.

All three methods of ultrasound diagnostics are highly informative and are used in certain cases. Which ultrasound to prescribe, the doctor decides, based on the features and advantages of the methods in the study of a particular organ or tissue of the body.

Transvaginal ultrasound is the main method for diagnosing pathologies of the pelvic organs of a woman, which include the ovaries, appendages and uterus. In addition to diagnosis, for therapeutic purposes, such a study is used during pregnancy. With its help, the very fact of pregnancy is established and the condition of the fetus is assessed at the initial stage of development.

Indications and contraindications for ultrasound

Transvaginal ultrasound is a more informative method, unlike transabdominal ultrasound (through the abdominal wall) due to the fact that the distance from the sensor to the organs under study becomes minimal when it is inserted into the vagina. Therefore, it is possible to study them in detail.

Transvaginal ultrasound, due to its safety and the absence of a harmful effect on the human body, is widely distributed, it can be done repeatedly. In addition, this diagnostic method is highly informative of the data obtained, its results allow you to make an accurate diagnosis and select effective treatment if necessary.

First of all, the indication for this procedure is the suspicion of the occurrence of diseases of the pelvic organs.

In emergency conditions, ultrasound is used to monitor the treatment undertaken. Thus, intravaginal ultrasound is indicated in the following cases:

• soreness in the lower abdomen;
• identifying the causes of infertility;
• deviations of the menstrual cycle;
• abnormal discharge from the genital tract;
• inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs;
• detection of neoplasms in the pelvis of a woman;
• long-term use of hormonal contraceptives;
• pregnancy planning;
• urological problems (urinary incontinence, urination disorders).

If the patient is obese, then transvaginal ultrasound will be preferable to her than transabdominal examination. Since in this case the fat accumulated around the abdomen will interfere with the examination of the organs, and the result will not be very reliable.

Conducting transvaginal ultrasound has no absolute contraindications, but it is not used for virgins. If it is necessary to conduct a pelvic examination in virgins, then the abdominal method is used, which is carried out through the abdomen. In addition, a rectal examination (through the rectum) is done for virgins. Intravaginal ultrasound during pregnancy is done only in the first trimester, up to 12 weeks.

What preparation is required for an ultrasound?

For the ultrasound procedure, the patient must have a sheet with her, on which she will lie down during the examination. The study by the transvaginal method does not require filling the bladder as preparation. Moderate filling is allowed. If a transvaginal ultrasound is to be pregnant, then the bubble should not be completely empty, it is recommended to drink about half a liter of non-carbonated water before the procedure.

Preparation for the study using ultrasound involves the obligatory disposal of gases in the intestines. To this end, a woman should exclude or limit as much as possible products that contribute to increased gas formation three days before the proposed study. These are products such as: bread, all legumes, grapes, sweet pastries and confectionery. In addition, training involves medicines, preventing increased gas formation - espumesan, enzistal, Activated carbon. These drugs will help eliminate the symptoms of increased gas formation. The time of eating does not affect the course and results of the study.

Transvaginal ultrasound of the female organs is preferably carried out in the first half of the cycle - on the 5-7th day from its beginning. This is because the second half of the phase will not be informative and the results may not be correct.

However, the diagnosis of some female diseases should be carried out precisely in the second phase of the cycle. The doctor must inform the patient about this. If transvaginal ultrasound is aimed at assessing the process of formation and development of follicles, then the study should be carried out several times in one cycle.

In terms of time, the procedure for examining the female pelvic organs takes about 20 minutes. During the study, a vaginal probe is used. A medical condom is put on it and inserted into the area under study. The patient should lie on the couch, with her back down, slightly raising and bending her knees. The examination procedure is painless.

For prophylactic purposes, an ultrasound examination of the pelvis should be performed in healthy women up to 40 years once every 2 years, after 40 - every year.

Ultrasound examination of pregnancy by vaginal method

Transvaginal ultrasound can recognize pregnancy in the early stages. During pregnancy, transvaginal ultrasound can be performed only in the first trimester - up to 12 weeks. In the next two trimesters, a transabdominal ultrasound is performed (through the abdomen). First of all, transvaginal ultrasound allows you to determine the very fact of the presence of pregnancy, or its absence. Ultrasound during pregnancy in the first trimester has the following goals:

• detection of pregnancy in the body of the uterus;
• monitoring the development of the fetus in dynamics;
• timely detection of pathologies during pregnancy;
• determination of threats of bearing and termination of pregnancy;
• assessment of the condition of the scar on the uterus in case the previous pregnancy ended in a caesarean section;
• determination of the state of attachment of the fetal egg and chorion (low location, presentation).

The ultrasound procedure does not affect the condition of the fetus and the condition of the pregnant woman. It is considered safe, and it can be done repeatedly, on demand. The transvaginal probe cannot reach the fetus and cause any harm to it, just like ultrasonic waves.

Transvaginal ultrasound is a more reliable method of diagnosis in comparison with others. This is due to the proximity of the apparatus to the female genital organs. Such a medical study is based on the supply of ultrasonic waves through a special sensor that is placed in the vagina.

This ultrasound examination is performed vaginally and is instrumental method, with the help of which the doctor will be able to make an accurate diagnosis, and in the future to prescribe an effective treatment for the disease.

In modern gynecology, this diagnostic method is called differently:

• intravaginal examination;
• intravaginal examination;
• vaginal examination of the organs of female reproduction.

The generalized name is transvaginal ultrasound.

Often, when performing an ultrasound examination, doctors use a special technology for visualizing blood flow - color Doppler mapping. With the help of color doppler, it is possible to assess the resistance of blood vessels, their diameter and patency, as well as other pathological processes.

Intravaginal ultrasound examination of the genitals can be used as a separate diagnostic method, or in combination with transabdominal examination (through the walls of the abdominal cavity) or palpation.

Indications for carrying out

The doctor may refer the patient for transvaginal ultrasound in the following cases:

• at painful sensations lower abdomen;
• inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs;
• pathologies of the urinary system;
• implementation of artificial insemination;
• use hormonal contraception, installation of a spiral or vaginal ring;
• irregular menstruation;
• suspicion of infertility;
• pain during intercourse or immediately after it.

An intravaginal examination is also used to determine pregnancy. This method is more informative than the standard transabdominal examination and allows you to clearly see the picture of the uterus.

Advantages of the method

The intravaginal diagnostic method has its positive aspects:

• availability;
• harmlessness and safety of ultrasound for the patient;
• does not require thorough preparation;
• high level of image detail;
• carried out without filling the bladder;
• can be used for obese women (when other methods of examination cannot be implemented).

In addition, thanks to vaginal ultrasound, the doctor will be able to examine in detail the cervix (which is poorly visualized during abdominal examination).

Preparing for a transvaginal ultrasound

This type of procedure does not require special preparation.

• take a hygienic shower before the examination;
• take with you a disposable diaper, dry wipes and a special condom for intravaginal ultrasound (sold in every pharmacy);
• one hour before the manipulation, you need to empty the bladder;
• one day before the study, it is undesirable to have sexual intercourse.

Preparing in advance should be women who are concerned about increased gas formation. It is better to do an ultrasound after taking medicines, they will help reduce flatulence (Espumizan, Smecta).

On what day of the cycle do

The most suitable time for examination is the first days of the cycle after the end of menstruation. It is recommended to do an examination on the 5-8th day of the menstrual cycle. The reliability of the sensor readings will depend on when the patient last ovulated. As a rule, it occurs 12-14 days after the critical days, subsequently the state of the reproductive organs changes markedly.

If you suspect endometriosis of the uterus (growth of endometrial tissue), the procedure is transferred to the second part of the cycle.

Transvaginal ultrasound during menstruation is not recommended. However, certain pathologies of the pelvic organs (polyps, fibroids, small cysts) can be seen only in the first days of menstruation.

How is the procedure?

Before the examination, the woman must remove all clothing below the waist. In order for the small pelvis to bring less discomfort, you need to take care of the form of clothing (come to the examination in a skirt or dress).

The procedure is carried out as follows:

1. The woman lies on the couch lying on her back. In this case, you need to bend your legs and slightly spread them at the knees.
2. Next, the doctor puts a condom on the sensor and lubricates it with a special gel. It will help eliminate air between the internal organs and the device, and will also contribute to better penetration.
3. The reproductive organs are displayed on the screen, and the doctor voices the data.

A nurse takes part in the implementation of the procedure, she records the results of the study in the protocol.

In the absence of sudden movements, it is not painful and is not accompanied by other unpleasant sensations.

Photo gallery

Device introduction Ultrasonic sensor (photo) Direct procedure

What does a vaginal ultrasound show?

An intravaginal examination can show the following conditions and diseases:

• malignant and benign tumors of the reproductive organs;
• uterine myoma (neoplasm in the muscle layer of such a female genital organ);
• fluid in the pelvic area;
• endometriosis;
• complete or partial hydatidiform mole;
• blood, purulent formations in the tubes of the uterus;
• inflammatory processes.

Deciphering the results

This procedure is carried out by a specialist who, at the end of the manipulation, will provide the patient with the results and conduct a consultation to compare them with the norm.

Table of norms of ultrasound of internal organs

Ultrasound of the uterus and appendages

This study is a scan:

• vaginal cavities;
• uterus;
• ovaries;
• fallopian tubes.

This diagnostic method allows you to determine the following pathologies:

• adnexitis (inflammation of the appendages and uterus);
• fibromyoma;
• leiomyoma (benign tumors);
• neoplasms on the cervix;
• ovarian cancer.

bladder ultrasound

This study is used as an alternative to palpation or catheterization (the introduction of a special medical instrument through the urinary system, which is carried out for various purposes).

Indications for an ultrasound examination of the bladder may be the following:

• frequent urination or its delay;
• blood in the urine or detection of red blood cells;
• cystitis;
• various organ injuries.

Ultrasound of the pelvic organs

It is a comprehensive examination, during which the doctor, at his discretion, determines the need to examine a particular organ. Intravaginal ultrasound of the anatomical space can be performed with. This method allows you to identify violations of blood vessels (pelvic) and show in more detail the image of other pathological processes.

Transvaginal ultrasound during pregnancy

This method of examination is widely used in obstetrics and allows you to display the image of the uterus and fetus on the screen monitor and take a picture. Transvaginal ultrasound reflects the developmental features of the child. As a rule, the doctor prescribes a scanning procedure for a pregnant woman in the first trimester.

General indications for the appointment of intravaginal ultrasound in the early stages of bearing a baby are as follows:

• the need to establish the fact of fertilization;
• control over the development of the fetus;
• study of the periuterine space;
• identification of possible threats of gestation.

Transvaginally or transabdominally?

The attending physician will help determine the method of examination. Due to the unique technology, intravaginal diagnostics is much superior to the study conducted through the walls of the abdominal cavity. In addition, the specialist can refer the patient to a vaginal ultrasound if she has postoperative adhesions on her abdomen.

How often can you do it?

As a preventive measure, you should prepare for the passage of a vaginal ultrasound at least once a year.

As for the period of pregnancy, this method of ultrasound examination is allowed to be carried out up to the twelfth week. The doctor may prescribe a second procedure to determine the state of health of the woman or to exclude signs of a frozen fetus. Transvaginal examination is completely safe for the body of the mother and child.

Contraindications and complications

Doctors should not be allowed to perform intravaginal ultrasound for girls who are not sexually active. In this case, it is recommended to conduct an examination of the pelvic organs in only two ways: transabdominally or transrectally (through the rectum). In addition, this type of examination is prohibited in the second or third trimester of pregnancy.

The implementation of the procedure is not accompanied by any complications. In case of discharge of a different nature, it is recommended to visit a specialist.

Care after the procedure

Many patients after intravaginal ultrasound are in a hurry to douche. However, without a doctor's prescription, no additional hygiene procedures should not be carried out.

How much does the procedure cost?

Video

A qualified specialist will tell you about the main indications for the pelvic organs. Published by Kaluga Pain Clinic.

Transvaginal ultrasound is one of the most accurate types of ultrasound that can be used to diagnose female organs small pelvis. Often, transvaginal ultrasound is performed in combination with transabdominal. For any ultrasound, sensors are usually placed on the skin closer to the organ being studied.

How is the diagnosis done?

When it comes to diagnosing the female genital organs, then we can say that it is carried out

Abdominal (through the abdomen) and vaginal (through the vagina) examination. With the help of a transvaginal examination, you can more clearly examine the internal organs and identify any changes.

Diagnosis of the internal female genital organs takes place in two stages.

1. The first of these is a transabdominal examination.
2. After that, a transvaginal is performed. When carrying out the procedure transvaginally, the uterus with appendages is better visualized.

Using this research method, doctors can diagnose diseases of the pelvic organs in the early stages. Just at the moment when any changes have not yet occurred.

There are times when transvaginal ultrasound alone is not enough to make a correct diagnosis. Then more research can be done. One of these may be, for example, colposcopy of the cervix.

Thanks to early detection problematic pelvic organs, you can start the necessary treatment in a timely manner. It also helps prevent all sorts of complications.

For example, with timely surgical removal benign tumor, it is possible to prevent a complication in the form of malignancy of neoplasms. This poses a danger primarily to the life and health of the female body.

When is a transvaginal ultrasound indicated?

Indications for the appointment of transvaginal pelvic ultrasound may be as follows:

• Diagnosis of the length of the cervix.
• The study of the functioning of the ovaries with the definition of their shape (indicated for female infertility).
• For determining anatomical structure uterus, namely: to study its size, shape, condition and, directly, the thickness of the endometrium.
• For diagnosing cysts and neoplasms.
• For support: in case of surgical intervention of in vitro fertilization at the initial stage; at the moment the doctor extracts the egg and at the moment the female reproductive cell is placed back.
• To diagnose an ectopic pregnancy.
• To identify the cause of bleeding.
• To determine pregnancy.
• Excessive weight of the patient, when it is impossible to see the desired organ well through the abdominal cavity.

Contraindications

An absolute contraindication to transvaginal ultrasound is that the patient is a virgin. In this case, the ultrasound of the virgin will be performed abdominally. It is also possible to conduct an ultrasound transvaginal probe through the rectum.

Transvaginal ultrasound during menstruation

Many women are interested in the question of whether it is possible to do such an ultrasound during menstruation, and if not, on what day of the cycle is it already possible. The fact is that this ultrasound method does not depend on the phase of the cycle, so it is carried out depending on the degree of the disease. For example, when a patient is diagnosed with uterine fibroids, ultrasound should be performed in the first phase. And if you suspect endometriosis, in the second.

When is the best time to have an ultrasound during pregnancy?

This question interests many expectant mothers. The answer is the following, if the pregnancy proceeds without complications, then transvaginal ultrasound is performed in the first trimester of pregnancy, namely from 11 to 14 weeks. Starting from the 14th week, transabdominal diagnosis is carried out.

The method of preparation for this diagnosis does not require special conditions for carrying out. The procedure for ultrasound of the uterus and appendages occurs with the participation of a transvaginal sensor, and there is no need to fill the bladder before that.

However, during pregnancy, before a vaginal ultrasound, a woman needs to drink about 1 liter of water, about an hour before the procedure, since ultrasound is not performed on an empty bladder in this case.

Also, another important factor before conducting such an ultrasound is the absence of gases in the intestines. Therefore, if you are wondering if you can eat before the procedure, the answer will be that you can eat.

But a few days before the procedure, it is necessary to exclude those products that contribute to the occurrence and increase of gas formation ( dairy products, bread, confectionery and flour products). If there is an increase in flatulence, then the doctor recommends taking coal and Espumizan.

How is a transvaginal ultrasound done and how to prepare for it?

The diagnostic procedure is carried out in two stages. The first stage is considered to be preparation, and the second is the ultrasound itself. Preparation consists in the fact that the patient will need to undress, remove everything below the waist and lie on the couch, while bending her knees.

The ultrasound machine should already be turned on at this time. After that, the doctor should put a condom on the vaginal probe. You should be aware that transvaginal ultrasound without a condom is not performed. Since infection through an unprotected sensor is possible. After that, the doctor applies the gel to this sensor and begins to gently insert it into the vagina. From this moment, the second stage of the ultrasound begins.

This procedure is painless, and if you think about whether it hurts or not, it does not hurt, however, with inflammatory processes in acute form may cause some discomfort and pain. After inserting the probe into the vagina, an image of the internal genital organs can be seen on the screen of the ultrasound machine.

Diagnosis occurs in the same way as the study of female organs (uterus, ovaries). Because this is very serious illness and requires proper and timely treatment.

Varicose veins of the small pelvis provokes a violation of the blood circulation of the uterus and its appendages. As a result, the menstrual cycle is disturbed, there is constant pain in the lower abdomen, a woman can become infertile.

Discharge after the procedure can most often occur during pregnancy. Slightly pink discharge should not worry you, however, if such discharge appears frequently and in a copious form, talk to your doctor about it.

Deciphering ultrasound

All results of the ultrasound are recorded in a special protocol. This form is filled out during the procedure. The term "norm" refers to the normal state of the pelvic structures or the fetus.

Abnormal results may include:

1. birth defects;
2. ovarian or uterine cancer;
3. vaginal cancer;
4. cancer of other pelvic structures;
5. curvature of the ovaries;
6. infectious and inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs
7. neoplasm near the uterus and ovaries or, directly, in the uterus.

Possible risks

To date, no risks or negative effects on a person or fetus have been identified with transvaginal ultrasound. This is due to the fact that, unlike traditional x-rays, no radiation is used in this examination. Alternative names for this procedure may be: transvaginal ultrasound, Endovaginal ultrasound.

What price?

The cost of such a procedure, on average, in different cities of Russia is about 1000 rubles. The price in Moscow for a transvaginal ultrasound of the pelvic organs is about 1500 rubles. During pregnancy, the price depends on the type of study and ranges from 900 to 4000 rubles.

The approximate cost of such a procedure in Saratov is from 650 to 1000 rubles (during pregnancy from 750-1300).

• In Penza from 400 to 600 rubles. average.
• In Tyumen from 800 to 1200 rubles.
• In Chelyabinsk from 550 to 800 rubles.
• In Kirov from 800 to 900 rubles.
• In Omsk from 500 to 850 rubles.
• In Ufa from 500 to 900 rubles.

Question answer

Quite often, many women, upon learning that they need to undergo a transvaginal ultrasound, ask questions about what it is, what such a study shows and whether it hurts. Therefore, here are some frequently asked questions that can be answered:

• Is it dangerous to do a transvaginal ultrasound in late pregnancy?

Answer: No, it's not safe. During pregnancy, transvaginal pelvic ultrasound can be done as needed, if there is an indication for this. However, if you are very worried, you can ask for an ultrasound not transvaginally, but rectally, for example. Then the doctor will be able to examine everything he needs by inserting the sensor into the rectum.

• Is it harmful during pregnancy?

Answer: No, it's harmless. Since such an ultrasound examination, unlike conventional x-rays, does not carry any radiation.

• How long does a transvaginal ultrasound do?

Answer: Transvaginal ultrasound is done up to 12-14 weeks of pregnancy. However, there are cases when transvaginal ultrasound is indicated at a later date. The reason for this may be:

• the presence of a scar on the uterus during previous caesarean sections.
• placenta previa;
• suspicion of weakness of the cervix and its inability to hold the fetal bladder;
• the threat of miscarriage in the early stages and the threat of interruption, in the later;

• At what time is it done and when is it better to do a transvaginal ultrasound?

Answer: As a rule, transvaginal ultrasound is indicated for a period of 11-14 weeks without risk to the fetus and mother. Therefore, it is better to try a study for a period of 12 weeks.

• How often can a transvaginal exam be done?

Answer: You can do as many times as there are indications for this.

• Can I have sex before an ultrasound??

Answer: As a rule, you should abstain from sexual intercourse before a vaginal ultrasound for 72 hours before the procedure.

• What does control ultrasound mean??

Answer: Control ultrasound is an ultrasound examination in which the doctor examines only those places where problems were previously identified.

• Where to do this ultrasound?

Answer: Such an ultrasound can be done in a clinic or in a diagnostic center. Also in the cities of Russia, you can undergo a vaginal examination in the laboratory "Invitro".

Content

The transvaginal research method is one of the reliable methods for diagnosing the female pelvic organs. Diagnosis is carried out through the vagina, into which a special sensor is inserted. Ultrasound is performed as a separate ultrasound examination, as well as in combination with palpation and the transabdominal method.

What is transvaginal ultrasound

An informative method of examining a woman's pelvic organs using ultrasound is called transvaginal ultrasound. This type research is effective for studying the bladder, ovaries, fallopian tubes, pathology of the uterus and cervix. The sensor is very close to the organs to be examined, so the diagnostic reliability is superior to any other type of ultrasound.

Indications for ultrasound with a vaginal probe

The use of the intravaginal method has expanded the boundaries of the diagnostic capabilities of urologists, obstetricians and gynecologists. For patients, vaginal ultrasound helps to detect diseases that are just emerging in the body and are on early stage. Other diagnostics are less informative when it comes to minimal changes in the pelvic organs. The procedure can be done as an annual check-up or if symptoms are present:

• during intercourse there is pain in the lower abdomen;
• lack of menstruation;
• with suspicion of infertility;
• delayed menstruation for more than 3 weeks;
• menstruation lasts less than 3 or more than 7 days;
• non-periodic pain in the lower abdomen.

How to Prepare for a Transvaginal Ultrasound

Careful preparation for transvaginal ultrasound is not required. Before the abdominal examination, the bladder must be full, in the case of the intravaginal method - empty. If you urinated more than 2 hours ago, then the uzist may ask you to go to the toilet before the procedure.

Performing a transvaginal ultrasound

The procedure does not cause pain, only mild discomfort. How is a transvaginal ultrasound done? The patient needs to lie down on a gynecological chair or on a couch, bend her legs at the knees and spread apart. The instrument is a transducer (transvaginal sensor), which looks like a 3x12 cm rod with a beveled handle and a channel with a biopsy needle.

1. A disposable condom is put on the transducer, and a lubricant gel is applied on top to help with ultrasound.
2. The doctor inserts the probe into the vagina to the required depth.
3. The sonologist examines the internal organs through the monitor, moving the sensor to the sides, down, up.

On what day of the cycle do transvaginal ultrasound

There is a connection between the time of the study and the menstrual cycle. On what day of menstruation do transvaginal ultrasound? All female organs undergo changes after ovulation, 12-14 days after the first day of the last menstruation. This is necessary to be ready for conception and implantation of a fertilized egg. Planned ultrasound is carried out at the beginning of the cycle, if necessary - the next day after the end of menstruation (5-7 days of the cycle), and it is possible for 8-12 days.

If the patient has suspicions of endometriosis, then the procedure is performed in the second half of the cycle. To assess how the follicles mature, the study is carried out several times in dynamics (on days 8-10, then 15-16, then 22-24 days of the cycle). If a woman has bleeding or spotting that is not related to menstruation, then the study is carried out on any day of the cycle, immediately after the symptoms are detected.

What does a transvaginal ultrasound show?

If your indicators do not correspond to generally accepted standards (see the table in the section “Norm of ultrasound of the internal organs of the small pelvis”), then you can try to find out what pathologies are in question. Unlike abdominal examination, the information content of vaginal ultrasound is an order of magnitude higher, which makes it possible to see the following conditions and serious diseases:

• ovarian cancer;
• the occurrence of ovarian cysts;
• there is liquid in the pelvis and lower parts of the abdominal cavity;
• endometriosis;
• chorionepithelioma;
• uterine and ectopic pregnancy;
• education malignant tumors uterus;
• blood, pus, inflammatory fluid in the fallopian tubes;
• partial or complete hydatidiform mole;
• uterine fibroids;
• anomalies in the development of internal genital organs;
• endometrial polyposis.

Ultrasound of the pelvic organs transvaginally

The main method of diagnosing pathologies and inflammatory processes consider transvaginal ultrasound of the small pelvis. The examination includes organs: uterus, appendages and ovaries. For therapeutic purposes, pregnant women are examined to assess the condition of the fetus. The transvaginal method is also suitable for detecting diseases of the genitourinary system. The study is painless, after it there are no complications. Women under the age of 40 should have it every 2 years as a preventive measure.

Ultrasound of the uterus and appendages transvaginally

Modern transvaginal ultrasound examination of the uterus and appendages will help a woman find out about the presence of the following pathologies and diseases: uterine fibroids, endometriosis, polyps, cancer of the uterus and ovaries, endometritis, cervical tumor, ovarian cyst, inflammation of the uterine appendages (adnexitis). Vaginal examination will help doctors to verify the preliminary diagnosis and prescribe treatment, and women to determine the presence of oncological or inflammatory diseases, install early pregnancy or reveal its pathology.

Transvaginal ultrasound of the bladder

Transvaginal ultrasound of the bladder is considered a safe diagnostic study. This method allows you to know the structure, shape and volume of the desired organ and is an alternative to catheterization and palpation. Among the indications for the intravaginal method include: retention or frequent urination, pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, red blood cells or blood in the urine, cystitis, bladder injuries, suspected neoplasms.

Transvaginal ultrasound during pregnancy

The scanning procedure reveals signs of an ectopic pregnancy: ovarian, cervical, tubal. In a normal pregnancy, the transvaginal technique is used in the first trimester and displays an image of the uterus with the developing fetus on the monitor. Vaginal ultrasound during early pregnancy allows you to identify problems and their causes in the development of the fetus. General indications to carry out this method for pregnant women in the early stages:

• establishing the fact of pregnancy;
• monitoring the development of the unborn baby;
• detection of threats of gestation;
• diagnosis of the periuterine space;
• diagnosis of uterine fibroids.

Transvaginal ultrasound - transcript

Reliable results of transvaginal ultrasound should be provided by a doctor. Transvaginal examination helps to evaluate parameters such as the size of the uterus and its cervix, the location and structure of the uterus; location, size and structure of the ovaries; the number of mature and emerging follicles, their size; free fluid in the abdominal cavity; places of exit of the fallopian tubes. If you want to fully inspect the pipes, then you need to fill them with a special liquid that will serve as a contrast.

Norm Ultrasound of internal organs

The research procedure is carried out by an uzist or a sonologist, who, upon completion, will not only give out the results, but also tell you what they mean or report the presence of a disease. For a more accurate diagnosis, you need to tell the doctor the date of the start of the last menstruation and how long the cycle lasts. Normal performance echo pictures of ultrasound of the pelvic organs transvaginally will be more convenient to consider in the form of a table.

Is transvaginal ultrasound harmful?

For non-pregnant girls, this research method is not harmful, but serves as a source of information about the health or pathologies of the internal organs of the small pelvis. More reliable than any other means will report pregnancy and help identify an ectopic. If we are talking about establishing pregnancy, then the doctor prescribes scheduled Ultrasound in the first trimester. In the later stages, transvaginal ultrasound is harmful, because it can lead to miscarriage. If diagnostics is necessary, it is better to use the abdominal method through the walls of the abdomen.

Transvaginal ultrasound for virgins

Only women who are sexually active can have a vaginal examination. Can a transvaginal ultrasound be done on a virgin? This research method is not carried out on virgins. Instead, another safe and painless procedure will help examine the female pelvic organs - a transabdominal examination, in which a special sensor is moved from the outside along the abdominal wall. If a virgin has a pronounced degree of obesity or flatulence, then the doctor may suggest transrectal ultrasound - a research method through the rectum.

Price of transvaginal ultrasound

Professionalism and reviews of doctors, service and prestige of the clinic - all these are price formation factors. Medical clinics Moscow offers a number of procedures to its patients: you can choose a diagnostic ultrasound of the pelvic organs or stop at an indicator of interest, for example, a study of the follicle. The minimum price for transvaginal diagnostics is 500 rubles, the upper limit of the maximum is 14 thousand rubles.

Video: transvaginal examination

Attention! The information provided in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and make recommendations for treatment, based on individual characteristics specific patient.