First period at 15. How many days do girls and women have periods - a healthy length

In girls aged 13 to 16, it is only just being established menstrual cycle, and during this period, menstruation may be irregular. The timing of the cycle is lost under the influence of various factors. How dangerous a delay in menstruation in a teenager can be determined by a gynecologist, but in most cases, such failures can be prevented by the usual care and attention to the health of the girl from the parents.

The first menstruation, according to experts, should be observed in girls aged 12 to 14 years. A few years earlier, the adolescent begins to develop female hormones and formation reproductive system. By virtue of various reasons, first of all, heredity or developmental features, there may be slight deviations from the norm: menstruation can begin at the age of 11, or be delayed a little - then they come for the first time when the girl is already fifteen years old.

If the timing of the onset of menstruation occurs earlier (at nine years) or much later (after 15 years) - this is already a cause for concern and contacting doctors.

On average, it takes a year to establish a normal menstrual cycle. At this time, there is a complete hormonal restructuring of the body. This process can be influenced by external factors and some diseases. Therefore, at the age of 12-13 years, there is a delay in menstruation and a violation of the menstrual cycle in adolescents.

If such a phenomenon is observed for only one month, you can simply analyze the situation, understand what is the reason for the delay in menstruation, and try to exclude this factor from the girl's life. This is the concern of the mother or other older woman in the family.

When a delay or other violation of the cycle is repeated several times in a row, it is necessary to take the teenager to a consultation for a gynecologist's examination. It is necessary to understand the reasons for the delay in menstruation and treat the diagnosed disease.

Causes of menstrual irregularities in girls

While the hormonal restructuring of the teenager's body is underway, at the age of thirteen or when she has already turned 14, the girl is more susceptible to any environmental influences. The establishment of the cycle largely depends on her lifestyle.

Unbalanced diet

All changes in the body are related to metabolism. If a teenager eats improperly, abuses heavy food, uncontrollably satiates in fast food establishments, this can affect the girl's hormonal background and become the reason why menstruation is delayed when the cycle is almost debugged.

Another reason to take care of the proper nutrition of a teenager during this period is intensive growth. The girl is not only undergoing internal changes in the body, but also a figure is being formed, it can stretch out sharply. In order for all these processes to occur normally, a teenager needs useful substances: minerals and vitamins.

If a child does not receive them when eating in full, for example, due to a passion for weight loss diets, this affects not only his physical development, but because of this, a cycle failure may occur, since in any human body all systems are interconnected.

Excessive exercise

Passion for sports, or even just a too active lifestyle can affect the girl's sexual health. The reason is the same: more calories are burned, there is a shortage useful substances in the body, necessary for the development and formation of the reproductive system.

And therefore, with excessive physical exertion, there is also a delay in menstruation. It is better to make sure that the girl’s training schedule is gentle about a week before the expected start of menstruation, and if possible, it is better to limit training during this period. The main thing is to establish a clear daily routine that will combine:

rest periods;
full sleep;
mandatory outdoor activities.

Emotional instability

When a girl is 13, she begins a new round of psychological development. It is also associated with changes occurring in her body:

she begins to feel like a woman;
her attitude towards boys is changing, as representatives of the opposite sex;
critical remarks from girlfriends or parents are also perceived more sharply.

The situation is complicated by the fact that an unstable hormonal background greatly affects the emotionality of a teenager. Any stress, uneven relationships with peers, large study loads that irritate the child can affect the timing of the menstrual cycle. Delays or even long-term failures may occur. In this case, it is better to get not only a consultation with a gynecologist, but also the help of a psychologist.

The specialist will advise how to restrain the emotionality of a teenager, perhaps prescribe light sedatives, breathing exercises, give advice on the daily routine and nutrition of the girl.

Hormonal imbalances in adolescence

In the first two years, while menstruation is just being established, there are strong cycle failures. In the first case, this can be caused malnutrition, emotional state and other reasons for the incorrect organization of the girl's daily routine.

All these factors added together lead to hormonal failure, when the amount of female hormones - estrogen or progesterone, becomes more than normal. In this case, not only a delay in menstruation in adolescents can be noted, but also appear:

pain in the lower abdomen or lower back;
headache;
and dizziness;
sometimes there are fainting spells.

The cause of the failure can be a long-term use of antibiotics, everything that affects the pituitary gland, which is responsible for the production of hormones. The gynecologist will help find the causes of cycle disorders, prescribe complex therapy, which will include vitamins, homeopathic preparations and a course of hormones.

Some girls may have a hormonal imbalance, when a surge of male hormones occurs in the body. In this case, the gynecologist will select a competent individual treatment that restores the normal production of hormones.

Late start of menstruation

Late onset of menstruation in girls is the arrival of the first menstruation at the age of over 14 years. This indicates a delay in sexual development and can be caused by both psychological and physiological reasons.

The girl may have an underdeveloped uterus, there may be disturbances in the pituitary gland, tumors can become the cause. Timely medical intervention will quickly eliminate these problems. More often, the late onset of menstruation is due to increased emotionality and lack of weight. This reduces estrogen production and delays sexual development.

If menstruation starts late, then the cycle is set for a long time, there may be a delay in menstruation in a teenager of 15 years, interruptions in the passage of the cycle, long menstruation, which are accompanied by a general feeling unwell. Throughout the first year, with such a development of the girl, it is better to constantly be observed by a gynecologist.

No period for more than two months

If the girl’s cycle is almost established, but suddenly her periods stop for two or more months, it is necessary to seek treatment. The cause may be secondary amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea. It is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination and a full course of treatment.

It includes complex therapy, the basis of which is a hormonal course. The normal development of a girl is also important, otherwise it may negatively affect women's health in the future.

Inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system

The reason for delays in menstruation, if such a phenomenon is observed for several months in a row, can be diseases of the girl's genitourinary system. It is about the introduction of infection and the development inflammatory process. The cause of infection is bacteria, depending on their location in the body, inflammation covers:

vaginal flora - vaginitis;
Bladder - ;
uterine mucosa - endometritis;
renal pelvis - pyelonephritis.

At the slightest symptoms: pain in the region of any pelvic organ, delayed menstruation, general morbid condition, apathy, fatigue, fever - you should immediately contact the clinic.

Ultrasound, urine and blood tests will help specialists establish a clear diagnosis and prescribe proper treatment. The course of therapy will include anti-inflammatory drugs, possibly antibiotics, topical and oral antiseptics, vitamins, and, if necessary, hormonal drugs.

The onset of menstruation for a girl is not the most joyful event. You have to give up the usual things, your well-being changes. But if for some reason there is a delay in menstruation, many begin to panic. Why is this happening? Let's figure out what to do in this situation.

The formed menstrual cycle lasts 21-36 days. The first two years after menarche (the first menstruation), the cyclicity is only being formed, changes occur in the girl's body, so the interval between periods may increase or decrease. If a bloody issues They come every month with a large interval, then you should not worry. A violation is the suspension of menstruation for more than six months.

To know what to do in case of a cycling violation, you must first determine the cause of the delay:

physiology;
condition nervous system, emotional condition;
hormones;
intense physical exercise;
malnutrition;
climate change;
sudden weight gain or loss;
injuries or defects of the genital organs.

Bringing the psychological state back to normal

Violation of the menstrual cycle is closely related to the emotional state. Loads in schools and in additional classes, worries about the opposite sex, conflicts with parents and peers lead to stressful situations. The teenage body reacts sharply to such changes and includes a protective function. This may cause a delay in menstruation.

You need to devote more time to activities that give pleasure, find a hobby that will distract from troubles.

Try to get more rest, sleep at least 8-10 hours a day, and night sleep must be at least 6 hours.

Restoring hormonal balance

In adolescence, the girl undergoes a process of restructuring the hormonal background. The hormone estrogen is actively produced - it is he who is responsible for the onset of ovulation and the onset of menstruation. If there is a lack of hormones in the body of a teenager, then the next menstruation may not start on time.

If the girl has a suspicion of a malfunction in the work of hormones, then it is impossible to postpone a visit to the gynecologist. Why there is a delay, the doctor will find out, who will prescribe the drugs. Usually after the course hormone therapy the menstrual cycle is restored.

Rational moderate exercise

Physical activity has a positive effect on the development of the body in adolescence. But here it is important to observe the measure - if sports activities deplete the body, then the cycle of menstruation is disturbed.

Power loads on the body should not lead to fatigue, but give a charge of vivacity.

At the time of the formation of the menstrual cycle, it is better to postpone physical exercise increased complexity. It is enough to do exercises in the morning and not to miss physical education lessons at school.

Proper Development

Puberty in a girl begins between 8 and 10 years of age. At this time, the body begins to grow intensively and sexual characteristics appear:

breast augmentation;
growth of hair on the pubis and in the armpits;

The process of sexual development lasts about five years. During this interval, menstruation appears. At 15-16 years old, a girl is considered sexually mature. If the menarche did not come before the age of 16, then the reason lies in the developmental delay.

It is important to note that in this situation, spotting is completely absent. This disorder is called amenorrhea.

Parents should be the first to sound the alarm if their daughter did not have a menarche at 16. A timely trip to the doctor and identifying the cause will help to avoid consequences with conception in the future.

Complete nutrition

Adolescents are often dissatisfied with their appearance and figure, and the girls go on a diet. Stop entering the body essential vitamins and micronutrients. If time does not begin to make up for losses, then the monthly stops. An additional danger is a delay in intellectual development due to a lack of nutrients necessary for the brain.

Obesity can also cause delayed periods. In this case proper nutrition and diet will adjust the menstrual cycle.

What to do?

Harmful chips should be replaced with fish, meat, hot dishes, and forget about snacks.
Vegetables and fruits are essential in the diet.
It is better to eat often, but in small portions.

Lack of hemoglobin also refers to the reason for the absence of menstruation. You can solve the problem by taking iron and folic acid supplements, which the doctor will prescribe.

Timely treatment of diseases

The above causes of delayed menstruation in most cases pass without pain symptoms. If a girl at 13, 14, 15, 16 years old, in the absence of menstruation, feels pain in the abdomen or lower back, then it is necessary to visit a gynecologist. Only a doctor after the examination can prescribe treatment - self-treatment in this case is dangerous.

Infectious diseases, taking medications can lead to cycle disruption - this is another reason why there was a delay.

Sitting on cold surfaces leads to hypothermia of the genitals, infectious diseases develop, which is why the cycle of menstruation is disturbed. All these problems will be solved by a qualified doctor.

Identification and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome

This is a fairly common problem in women, and often occurs in adolescence. The disease is a manifestation of serious disorders in the work of the ovaries, pituitary gland and adrenal glands.

The production of hormones in the body slows down and the menstrual cycle may stop or not start at all. If treatment is started on time, then infertility at an older age can be avoided.

Elimination of other factors

There are cases when a girl has a delay in menstruation due to heredity. This is not a disease or an abnormality, but refers to physiological characteristics organism.

Journeys to the sea or trips to other countries can lead to disruption of the cycle. On the beach, after swimming, you should always change into dry clothes so as not to get cold. Smoking, drinking alcohol should be completely excluded.

Pregnancy as a cause of delayed menstruation should not be ignored. Girls mature faster than boys. sex life can lead to pregnancy even at 14 years of age. Parents in this situation should not stand aside, but notice changes as early as possible and take the girl to a gynecologist.

If a teenage girl has no periods at all or the menstrual cycle is irregular, then you do not need to independently look for the cause of the delay. At the first suspicion of a deviation from the norm, you need to make an appointment with a gynecologist who will tell you why the delay occurred. With the advent of the first menstruation, every girl should regularly visit a gynecologist.

Most girls and women come every time after a certain number of days, most often once a month (which is why they are called "monthly").

The number of days elapsed from the first day of menstruation to the first day of the next period is the duration of the menstrual cycle.

Normally, in young girls from 12 to 15 years, the duration of the menstrual cycle can vary from 21 to 45 days.

If menstruation occurs every time after the same period of time (for example, every 25 days), this means that the menstrual cycle is regular.

If periods come unexpectedly every time (for example, after 21 days, then after 40 days), this means that the menstrual cycle is not regular.

How do I know if my cycle is regular?

To keep track of whether your cycle is regular, start a small calendar in which you will mark the days when you have your period. You can also use a special application on your smartphone for this purpose.

Irregular cycle at 13, 14 or 15 is normal?

It turns out that in the first few years after the arrival of the very first menstruation, the menstrual cycle can be irregular. This is due to the fact that your body is just learning to cope with the sex hormones that have begun to be produced in the endocrine glands.

That is why an irregular cycle (frequent delays or vice versa, monthly twice a month) is a completely normal phenomenon in adolescence.

When will the menstrual cycle become regular?

In most girls, the menstrual cycle is established within two years after the start of the first menstruation.

If more than 3 years have passed since the start of your first period and your periods are still irregular, you should see your doctor to rule out possible problems with health.

When is an irregular cycle a symptom of an illness?

In some cases, irregular periods can be a warning sign that something is not right with your health. Irregular periods in teenagers can be caused by the following conditions:

Diseases thyroid gland
An increase in the level of prolactin in the blood
Ovarian insufficiency
Anomalies in the development of the uterus or ovaries
Blood clotting disorders, etc.

In what case should you see a doctor?

You should consult a gynecologist if:

You haven't had your period for more than 3 months in a row
Periods come every 2 weeks for 2-3 consecutive months
Your cycle lasts more than 45 days for several months
Menstruation lasts more than 7 days in a row
Periods are so heavy that you have to change either every 2 hours or more
In addition to irregular periods, you have symptoms such as: excessive hair growth on the face and body, oily skin and acne, and also, if recently you have lost a lot of weight or vice versa, gained a few kilograms for no apparent reason.

Frequent delays in menstruation in adolescents

In what cases are delays not normal? Contact your doctor if:

You are already sexually active (you had a boyfriend).
The delay in menstruation was more than 3 months in a row.
Menstruation every time comes with an interval of more than 45 days.

Treating Irregular Cycles in Adolescents

As a rule, irregular periods in young girls do not require special treatment, and the cycle sets on its own within a few months or years. However, in rare cases, you may need a course of treatment aimed at restoring your menstrual cycle.

Most often, for these purposes, gynecologists prescribe with very low doses of hormones. Your doctor may prescribe these pills for you, even if you don't plan to have sex yet.

If your irregular cycle is caused by thyroid problems, your doctor may prescribe medications to correct the problem. Normalization of thyroid hormones will also lead to the normalization of the menstrual cycle.

An important stage of growing up is the first menstruation in girls. It is believed that modern teenagers are much more aware of the characteristics of their body than their parents, especially grandparents. In reality, the first day of menstruation can be a surprise for a girl, since children do not always have information about such an intimate process. To avoid the fears and worries associated with growing up, you should tell the child about what is happening in the body in connection with the onset. It is better to take care of this mother, who is obliged not to miss a single nuance. The girl should know that everything that happened to her is an absolute norm. At the same time, she needs to understand when to seek help from relatives or a doctor, how to behave during menstruation, and what to avoid.

Read in this article

Harbingers of the first critical days

The first menstruation in girls. It depends on many factors:

Heredity. The earlier the mother's menstruation went, the more likely their appearance is the same period in the daughter;
Nationalities. Southern women mature earlier;
Transferred diseases that can slow down physical development;
lifestyle and nutrition;
Body type, physical development.

Despite the differences in the age of the onset of menstruation, there are features common to all, by which it is easy to understand when the menstruation will go for the first time. They appear about two years earlier than expected menarche. During this period, girls change physiologically:

The figure becomes more feminine, that is, the mammary glands are rounded, the hips are made wider;
Hair appears in the armpits and in the pubic area;
The sebaceous glands begin to work more actively, so the skin and hair become fatter, maybe on the face, chest, back.

Early critical days in adolescents also affect the character long before they begin. The girl can become more abrupt, naughty, whiny for no reason, even aggressive. This is due to the hormonal restructuring of the young organism, which lasts at least two years.

The first periods in girls are quite definite, spotting does not come suddenly. An attentive mother will notice herself and warn her daughter that menstruation is preceded by the following symptoms:

The nature of vaginal discharge changes. They become thicker. It is important not to confuse a healthy girl with mucus that occurs during inflammation. In the first case, the discharge is transparent or milky and odorless;
Aching pain in the lower abdomen. It can be combined with causeless headache, fatigue;
Mood change. Menstruation in adolescents in the emotional sphere differs little from what is happening with adult girls and women. Just yesterday, a cheerful and cheerful girl, shortly before the first menstruation, can become angry, capricious, touchy. Or she is thrown to the other extreme, she is seized by apathy and drowsiness.

If the girl has a figure, secondary sexual characteristics are more clearly manifested and the listed circumstances are noticed, you can no doubt expect the onset of menstruation.

What should happen during the first menstruation

The released blood in girls normally does not exceed 50-150 ml. This is a small loss for the body, but since everything happens for the first time, it is accompanied by certain inconveniences:

For most girls, the first cycle of menstruation is quite painful. goes from 2 to 4 days. Pain localized in the lower triangle of the abdomen and lower back;
The first time is characterized by a breakdown, a headache, sometimes the process may be accompanied;
The emotional state of the girl, as a rule, is restless, she may or may not be unnaturally indifferent to everything.

How to behave during the first menstruation

It acquires the greatest importance. Of course, girls are taught from an early age to wash themselves and change their underwear every day. But ignoring the rules of hygiene, or even insufficient cleanliness when menstruation first began, can be costly to health and damage her future adult life. These days it is more expedient to use gaskets with an outer layer of natural material. So it is easier to control the volume of secretions, protect the skin and mucous membranes from overheating, sweating and irritation. The gasket should be changed every 3 hours. It is better to wash not with soap, which dries out the mucous membranes and the surface of the skin, but with well-known products intended for intimate hygiene. You should not take a bath on critical days, a shower will be more useful. It is important to remember and instill in the girl that soiled linen is a source of an unpleasant odor, and most importantly, a favorable environment for microbes, a source of inflammatory diseases, which will then have to be eliminated for years.

The child should also be explained that heavy periods are unacceptable during menstruation. They are not only able to worsen well-being, but also cause irreversible harm in the future, negatively affect the ability to become a mother.

Protecting the emotional state of the girl on critical days, it is necessary to provide her with psychological comfort, eliminate all annoying factors. At the same time, it is necessary to explain that the arrival of menstruation means the possibility of becoming pregnant if there is a partner. The child should be aware of the consequences of early sexual life and methods of protection. Hypocrisy and shyness in this matter are costly for mothers and daughters.

Duration of the first menstruation

The first is usually 28 to 30 days. Menstruation itself can go 3-7 days. Minor deviations from these parameters do not mean anything. And a strong discrepancy with these numbers should be a reason to contact a gynecologist. Inflammatory diseases The female reproductive sphere has become much younger in the last few decades. Ovarian neoplasms are diagnosed even in girls who have not had sexual relations. Problems with menstruation can signal one of these diseases, so it is important to monitor the timing, duration and intensity of the first menstruation.

Monthly the first year can be. Their cyclicity is set for 2 years. At this time, the intervals between menstruation can be from 1.5 to 3 months.

What to do if the first menstruation does not occur

If there are no objective reasons for this, then it is worth consulting with a gynecologist. Absence of menarche can be caused hormonal failure, which is easier to correct if detected early.

Regular and adequate meals. Teenagers are often dissatisfied with their appearance and, wanting to quickly achieve perfection, torment the body with tough ones. One of these can cause the absence of menarche;
Unstable emotional background. Conflicts in the family and school, which keep the girl in constant tension, can exhaust the body so much that menstruation does not occur.

As a medicinal support, doctors prescribe the drug Duphaston. But you can take it only after making sure that any diseases are not involved in the absence of the first menstruation. And only after consulting a doctor.

When should you see a doctor during your first period?

Even with apparent health during puberty, adolescents are sometimes found to have medical problems. The first menstruation in girls, their character serves as a litmus test for the detection of previously hidden diseases. That is why it is important to know in what circumstances menstruation can be dangerous for a young body:

Break between periods for more than 3 months. Even in the first 2 years, when the cycle is just being formed, such a time period is abnormal. A break may indicate endocrinological problems, an inflammatory process, or pregnancy;
by the time of menstruation. If, after 9-10 days, spotting continues, it is urgent to show the girl to a teenage gynecologist. It may happen that this is no longer menstruation, but internal bleeding caused by inflammation;
Excessive amount of blood. You can determine this parameter by hygienic supplies. If a large or medium-sized pad becomes unusable after 3 hours of use, this should encourage you to contact a specialist. The girl in this case loses too much blood, which adds to her lethargy and drowsiness. Delaying a visit to the doctor can bring the body to such a state that a purge is needed to stop the bleeding;
Too much pain in the abdomen. Menstruation is not complete without such sensations, at least in the early days. But if they are unbearable and interfere with a normal life, you should check whether only the critical days are to blame.

The arrival of the first menstruation in every girl is a milestone event in life. It means the end of childhood and the onset of youth. The task of parents is to make sure that during this wonderful and difficult period their daughter feels the care and support of her loved ones. It is important to teach the girl to understand the significance of what is happening, and also not to be afraid and not afraid of a medical examination.

By the age of 10-11, girls are usually already aware of the fact that menstruation occurs and why they are needed. The onset of the first menstruation is the beginning of adulthood. He is anxiously awaited. Often there are questions that not every mother can answer. For example, what kind of strange discharge appeared, is it normal for a girl of 9-10 years old, when to wait for the start of menstruation and why they are late. And it also happens that menstruation appears quite unexpectedly as early as 7-8 years. The girl is not ready for this either mentally or physically. It is important to understand what the causes and consequences of early and late periods can be.

Content:

What determines the timing of the first menstruation?

Puberty in girls begins at about 10 years of age and ends at 17-18 years of age. They begin the growth of the mammary glands, the development of the genital organs. After 1-1.5 years after the onset of maturation, the first menstruation (menarche) appears. The ovaries begin to function, female sex hormones are produced. At this time, ovulation occurs, pregnancy is possible.

The timing of this period depends on the following factors:

heredity;
physical development;
state of the nervous system;
lifestyle and social environment;
awareness of gender issues;
general state health, the presence of endocrine diseases.

If a girl was often ill from childhood, she had congenital pathologies, she had to take a lot of medicine, her periods may appear later. The appearance of the first menstruation at the age of 12-15 years is considered the norm. If it occurs at 8-10 years old, it is considered that menstruation is early, and if after 15 years, then it is late. In both cases, the causes of deviations are most often hormonal disorders or abnormal development of the genital organs.

What should be the first menstruation

The first menstruation in girls appears in connection with the beginning of the functioning of the ovaries. Puberty begins when hormones (FSH - follicle-stimulating hormone, LH - luteinizing hormone) are produced in the pituitary and hypothalamus, which contribute to the formation of estrogens in the ovaries. In the reproductive system, processes such as egg maturation, ovulation, and endometrial development begin to occur. Conception becomes possible. In this case, there are regular fluctuations in the level of sex hormones, characteristic of menstrual cycles.

Addition: Follicles with the rudiments of eggs are present in the ovaries of the girl from birth. Their number is determined genetically. They are consumed during the entire reproductive period. The stock is exhausted by the age of 45-52. A woman goes through menopause and menstruation stops.

Menstruation occurs as a result of rejection and renewal of the uterine mucosa if fertilization of the egg does not occur. In the menstrual flow, there is blood from the vessels damaged during the exfoliation of the endometrium. Therefore, normal first menses are dark red in color and have a slimy, clotted consistency. There is a slight discomfort, severe pain in the abdomen should not be.

Volume blood secretions for the entire period of menstruation - from 50 to 150 ml. The most intense menstruation occurs in girls in the first 2-3 days.

The approach of the first menstruation, signs and preparation

By some signs, you can understand that the girl will soon begin her first menstruation. Mild soreness appears in the mammary glands, their volume begins to increase, hair appears on the pubis, under the armpits, on the legs and arms. Approximately 1-1.5 years before the onset of menstruation, discharge appears white color without smell. If their volume increases, they become more liquid, then within 1 month the onset of the first menstruation is possible.

An attentive mother notices that the girl's mood often changes for no reason, she has an increased interest in intimate hygiene products, in changes in her own figure. Before the appearance of the first menstruation, some gain weight.

In order for the first menstruation for the girl not to come as a surprise, not to cause panic, she must be prepared for their onset. A girl should know what menstruation is, what it should be like, why deviations are possible, whether they are always a pathology. She should have an idea of at what age the first menstruation comes, how many days last, what the menstrual cycle should be.

The girl needs to be told about what she may feel, in which case the advice and help of a doctor is required. After the appearance of signs of the imminent arrival of the first menstruation, the girl should always have pads with her.

Warning: Mom should explain to her daughter how to use pads, talk about the need for enhanced care for the genitals during menstruation. Otherwise, due to inexperience, an infection can be introduced into the genitals. Incorrectly selected gaskets often leak. This causes not only discomfort, but also emotional stress.

After the appearance of menstruation, it is necessary to start a calendar, mark in it the date of their beginning and end. This will allow you to monitor the regularity of the cycle, notice deviations in the nature of menstruation. The first cycles are unstable in duration and time of onset.

Video: Causes of instability of the first menstruation

When to see a doctor

Pathology is spoken of if:

Menstruation appears too young or late.
The volume of menstruation exceeds 150 ml, they have a bright red color. This may be a sign of hormonal imbalance, pathological development reproductive organs. Such abnormal first periods in girls occur with blood diseases. Such menstruation is a sign of tumor diseases, occurs due to the intake of certain medicines that affect the development of the endometrium.
The first menstruation appeared, but the next ones do not come, although more than 3 months have passed. The reason for this phenomenon may be professional sports or ballet, when the body is under too much stress. At the same time, such a pathology is a consequence of an inflammatory process, an infectious disease, a malfunction of the endocrine glands.
Menstruation comes irregularly, although more than 1.5 years have passed since they began. They appear either after 20 days, or after 35-40. The reasons for the inconsistency of the cycle are diseases, injuries, beriberi, the desire to lose weight by exhausting the body by starvation.
Appear severe pain in the abdomen during menstruation.
Their duration is 1-2 days. The reason may be a lack of estrogen due to underdevelopment of the ovaries. In the event that they last 8-10 days, this indicates an increased functioning of the ovaries or a weak contractility of the muscles of the uterus.

In such cases, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive examination by a pediatric gynecologist, as well as an endocrinologist.

Video: About the features of the first menstruation, the need to prepare girls for their onset

Symptoms during menstruation

The girl should be prepared for the fact that with the onset of menstruation she may experience the following symptoms:

fast fatiguability;
tearfulness, causeless irritability;
headache, dizziness, nausea;
intestinal disorders during menstruation.

It is necessary to limit sports and other physical activities on the days of menstruation, to rest more.

early menstruation

Menstruation is considered early if a girl is younger than 11 years old. There are times when menstruation occurs in 8-year-old girls.

Sometimes early puberty is not a pathology. If the same situation was observed in mother and grandmother, then this is due genetically. Accelerated physical development, intense sports, dancing can also provoke the onset of menstruation at a young age.

However, in any case, when the first menstruation appears in a girl at this age, it is recommended to examine her, since most often the cause of the phenomenon is hormonal disorders, developmental pathologies or diseases of the organs of the reproductive system. The causes of hormonal disorders are brain tumors, since it is in the pituitary gland and hypothalamus that the hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle are produced.

Periods come early if the baby is sick diabetes. Early menstruation is often found in girls who have experienced severe stress, psychological trauma. One of the causes of stress may be too early acquaintance with the physiology of the sexes. The psyche of a child is easily traumatized due to watching non-children's programs on TV, as well as observing the sexual relations of loved ones.

What are the dangers of early puberty

The early onset of menstruation in a girl causes future health problems, such as an early onset of menopause, cardiovascular diseases, deviations in the work of the thyroid gland, hormonal disorders. Women who have their periods early are at an increased risk of tumors of the reproductive organs and mammary glands.

With the onset of puberty, growth and physical development slow down. An important factor in the proper development of the reproductive system is good nutrition and normal living conditions.

Prevention of early menstruation

In order not to provoke the onset of too early menstruation, parents need to consider what factors contribute to early sexual development. Prevention measures are:

Eliminate stress that can injure the delicate psyche of children. We need a calm, friendly atmosphere in the family and a trusting relationship between children and their parents, their timely acquaintance with the problems of sexual development.
Security proper diet nutrition. It is harmful for children to eat spicy, too salty or sour foods, drink a lot of cocoa, coffee, strong tea. Adolescents are strictly contraindicated in the use of beer and other alcoholic beverages.
Treatment of endocrine diseases.
Parental control over what the child watches on TV or on the computer.

It is important to observe moderation in sports, not to overload the children's body physically.

Video: What will the early growing up of a girl lead to

Late periods

The onset of the first menstruation in girls at the age of 16-18 is considered a deviation from the norm. Poor development of the mammary glands also speaks of late sexual development.

The causes of late menstruation may be the abnormal development of the uterus and ovaries, the dysfunction of the pituitary and hypothalamus, the presence of neuropsychiatric diseases. Late puberty is caused by childhood infectious diseases(measles, mumps, scarlet fever, rubella).

Often the cause of late menstruation is the excessive thinness of the girl. Adipose tissue, like the ovaries, produces estrogens. In its absence, the level of estrogen is insufficient for the normal functioning of the genital organs.

There are other unfavorable factors leading to the late appearance of the first menstruation in girls: beriberi, poor ecology, the use of genetically modified foods.

Consequences of late puberty

If you do not go to the doctor in time and do not eliminate the anomalies in adolescence, then later the woman develops the so-called genital infantilism. At the same time, the reproductive system of a mature woman remains underdeveloped (as in a teenager). This affects the appearance, leads to hormonal disorders that affect overall health.

In girls, unlike adult women, this pathology is usually curable.