How dangerous is peripheral retinal dystrophy? Retinal dystrophy

is a dangerous condition in which gradual, often asymptomatic, destruction of the retina occurs, causing a noticeable deterioration in visual functions. One of the types of dystrophy is PVHRD - peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophy of the retina. This degenerative process is often a consequence of impaired blood supply to the fundus and can be eliminated either conservatively or surgically.

PVKhRD - what is it? This is dystrophy of the peripheral retina, which is common and can occur at any age. The exact mechanism of development of the pathology is unknown. The following factors can provoke the appearance of peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophy:

• high blood pressure;
• genetic predisposition;
• myopia;
• hypermetropia;
• diabetes;
• vascular atherosclerosis;
• inflammatory processes;
• damage to the organs of vision;
• infectious diseases;
• intoxication of the body.

Under the influence of a number of factors, the blood supply to the visual apparatus is disrupted, material metabolism is disrupted, as a result of which the walls of the retina become thinner and the vitreous body is damaged. Such degenerative changes lead to visual impairment and in the presence of provoking factors such as physical or emotional stress, excessive visual stress or exposure to vibration, rupture or rupture may occur.

Symptoms

A peculiarity of the occurrence of peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophy of the retina is its asymptomatic course, which complicates the timely diagnosis of the problem. The first signs of PVCRD are often observed already in the presence of retinal tears. Suspect dystrophic changes in the periphery of the eye can be based on the following symptoms:

• flashing “flies” before the eyes;
• bright flashes of light;
• blurred vision;
• color vision impairment;
• decreased visibility in the dark;
• narrowing of the field of view.

Central vision is not impaired in PVCRD, only a gradual deterioration in peripheral visual functions is observed. If treatment is not started promptly for a retinal rupture and the degenerative process continues to progress, then bleeding into the vitreous or retinal detachment is possible, which ultimately leads to loss of vision.

Difference from PCRD

Dystrophy of the peripheral parts of the retina comes in 2 forms: PHRD (peripheral chorioretinal dystrophy) and PVHRD (peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophy). The difference between PCRD and PVCD is that in the first case, the pathological process affects only the retina and choroid, and in the second case, the vitreous body is also involved in the degenerative process.

Classification

Modern medicine identifies several types of peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophy of the retina:

1. Lattice. The most common type of pathology, which is most often inherited and is diagnosed mainly in men. With lattice PVCRD, degenerative changes occur in the upper outer quadrant of the fundus in the form of a lattice of empty vessels, between which cysts, tears and thinned walls of the retina are visible. With this form, both organs of vision are most often affected, and retinal detachment is observed.
2. Frost-like. Degenerative changes look like empty vessels, between which there are dark spots and foci of degeneration, similar to snow flakes. This form of the disease is hereditary and is characterized by symmetrical damage to both eyes. It is characterized by a long course and a reduced likelihood of retinal breaks.
3. "Snail Trail". Dystrophic changes have the appearance of shiny white ribbon-like stripes with multiple holes and areas of thinning, reminiscent of a snail's footprint. The pathology is accompanied by large ruptures.
4. "Cobblestone Pavement". Distant areas of the peripheral retina are affected, most often in the lower parts of the right or left eye. Degenerative changes look like separate spots white surrounded by pigment spots.
5. Small cystic. Dystrophic processes are observed in the extreme parts of the periphery and take the form of multiple round red cysts that can merge to form large formations. Mechanical damage provokes rupture of cysts.

Sometimes a form of PVCRD is diagnosed as retinoschisis, a hereditary retinal separation that occurs as a result of age-related changes or against the background of myopia.

Diagnostic methods

Peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophy long time It is asymptomatic, which is why it is often diagnosed in the presence of large tears and significant deterioration of vision. It is impossible to detect PVCRD using a routine examination of the fundus, so ophthalmoscopy is performed with maximum pupil dilation and using a special Goldmann lens, which allows for a detailed examination of the most distant parts of the retina.

In addition, the following diagnostic measures can be carried out:

• perimetry;
• sclerocompression;
• visometry;
• refractometry;
• optical coherence tomography;

Some modern clinics have special equipment that allows you to study the periphery of the retina in color, detect areas of rupture and estimate their size as accurately as possible.

Drug treatment of PVCRD

At the initial stages of development of peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophy, as well as several months after laser intervention, it is prescribed drug therapy, aimed at improving material metabolism and compensating for dystrophic processes. The following medications may be prescribed for the treatment of PVCRD:

• Riboflavin;
• Trimetazidine;
• Taurine;
• Nicergoline;
• Pentoxifylline;
• Atropine;
• Tropicamide.

For achievement better effect The ophthalmologist prescribes several medications at once, the combination of which allows you to eliminate degenerative processes, prevent complications and restore visual functions.

An effective remedy for PVCRD are tablets with Spirulina platentis extract.

Physiotherapy

To achieve a better result and quickly eliminate degenerative processes, in addition to the main method of treatment, physiotherapy is prescribed to help strengthen the muscular system and normalize ophthalmotonus. The following physiotherapeutic procedures may be recommended:

• magnetic therapy;
• electrophoresis;
• electrical and photostimulation;
• laser stimulation.

Along with physical therapy, various computer programs may be prescribed. Amblyocor, visual gymnastics.

Physiotherapeutic procedures for PVCRD are low in effectiveness, so they must be combined with vitamin therapy.

Laser surgery

The best treatment method for PVCRD is laser coagulation of the retina, the essence of which is gluing the thinned areas of the retina or cutting off torn tissue. Laser coagulation is performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia, its duration is no more than 20 minutes.

Laser intervention is effective and safe, recovery period passes quickly and without complications. For the speedy formation of adhesions during the first 2 weeks after surgery, you should refrain from physical and visual stress, thermal procedures and taking alcoholic beverages and vasodilators.

Surgical intervention

If peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophy of the retina is accompanied by multiple ruptures or severe detachment of the membrane, then a more serious procedure is necessary. surgical intervention, in which the affected areas are excised and the remaining tissues are stitched together. Vitreous implantation is possible.

The operation lasts 40-60 minutes, is slightly traumatic and highly effective.

PVHRD during pregnancy

During the gestation period the immune system weakens, as a result of which the likelihood of developing various dystrophic processes increases. If a pregnant woman has been diagnosed with PVCRD of the eye, then laser coagulation is prescribed. In the absence of contraindications, the operation is possible at any time, but it is not recommended to do it later than 31 weeks. With this diagnosis, doctors in most cases recommend giving birth by caesarean section, since natural childbirth can cause retinal detachment.

Prevention

The prognosis for peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophy of the retina in most cases is favorable; after completing a course of treatment, degenerative phenomena disappear and vision is restored. PVCRD is asymptomatic and is often detected at an advanced stage. To avoid this, it is recommended to undergo an annual preventive medical examination with an ophthalmologist and take the following preventive measures:

• avoid excessive visual strain;
• control blood sugar levels;
• Check your blood pressure regularly and stabilize it if necessary;
• Healthy food;
• give up bad habits;
• to live an active lifestyle;
• promptly treat concomitant diseases;
• strengthen the immune system.

If degenerative processes have already occurred, then it is necessary to avoid physical overload, vibration exposure and extreme sports. Timely treatment can help avoid severe complications.

Eye retina (retina) is the inner lining of the organs of vision and consists of light-sensitive photoreceptors and nerve cells. It is on this most important visual element that the clarity of the formation of the image received from the outside and transmitted to the brain depends.

There are two types of receptor cells located in the retina: rods and cones. The highly photosensitivity rods are responsible for peripheral vision and allow a person to see in the dark. In contrast, cones control central vision and require more light to function properly, which they use to recognize different colors and small details.

Retinal dystrophy - what is it?

Retinal dystrophy, also sometimes called retinal degeneration - this is a collective medical term, generalizing a whole group of ophthalmological pathologies that are inherited, arise independently (for example, with age) or develop as a result of the impact of other diseases on the visual organs (for example, etc.).

Retinal dystrophy is usually a progressive and often irreversible painful condition, mainly manifesting in old age, but can also develop in young people and even children. Absolute loss of vision with this disease is extremely rare, but if the problem is ignored, such an outcome is quite possible.

Pathogenesis

Many pathological processes that form both inside the eye and in the eye can contribute to the emergence of a group of diseases called retinal dystrophy. human body generally. Depending on the initial cause, during development of this disease First of all, destruction of the central or peripheral part of the tissue of the retina occurs, and in some cases atrophy affects the entire organ. This ultimately leads to a gradual decrease in the acuity of visual perception and the emergence of other negative visual symptoms. At first, this painful condition may be asymptomatic, which complicates its early detection.

With further progression of the disease, retinal degeneration occurs at the cellular level and primarily affects the photoreceptors of the eye, the functional purpose of which is to provide vision (especially distant vision) and organize the eye’s perception of natural colors. In this case, as a rule, both eyeballs are affected.

Initially, negative symptoms of dystrophy are found in one eye, and after some time (sometimes several years can pass), this process spreads to the second eye. Approximately 7-8 years from the onset of this disease, the patient experiences decreased vision in both organs of vision. Over time, retinal dystrophy can even cause disability.

Classification

All forms of retinal dystrophy have similar negative signs, which are united by the common process of progression of vision dysfunction and degenerative-dystrophic degeneration of retinal tissue. Today there are many varieties of this disease, which are most often classified depending on the main cause of its occurrence and localization in the eyeball.

According to the etiology of development, retinal dystrophies are divided into primary (hereditary) and secondary (acquired).

Hereditary dystrophies

Hereditary retinal dystrophies include those diseases that arise as a result of the patient’s genetic predisposition to their development, that is, inherited by his parents. These include dotted white and pigmentary dystrophies, Stargardt disease , Refsuma , Besta and many other pathologies of a similar nature, however, the first two are especially highlighted, since they are the ones that occur most often. As a rule, the symptoms of such dystrophies manifest themselves in childhood and increases as the child grows up.

Acquired dystrophies

Retinal dystrophies from this group mainly affect older people, but can also develop in children and adult patients who have suffered trauma. eyeball or some eye diseases. In adulthood, such forms of the disease often occur against the background of metabolic disorders in the tissues of the eye and/or in the presence of other age-related visual pathologies (for example,). In this group of dystrophies, age-related macular degeneration and serous choriopathy which are found most often.

In turn, depending on the concentration of the development of the pathological process in the retina, all dystrophies are divided into generalized, central and peripheral.

Generalized

In the generalized form of the disease, damage occurs to both the central and peripheral parts of the retina. Such dystrophies are divided according to the type of disturbance in the organs of vision, type of inheritance and modifications in the fundus.

Central

Central retinal dystrophy is characterized by disorders in the tissues of the eyeball occurring in its middle segment called macula , as a result of which pathologies of this nature are also called - macular degeneration . Diseases from this group are characterized by a classic ophthalmoscopic picture and their progressive course.

Peripheral

Peripheral retinal dystrophy mainly affects the edges of the optically passive part of the organ of vision, located near the dentate line. If, together with the retina, the vitreous body is involved in the pathological process and choroid (ocular choroid), then this pathology is called peripheral chorioretinal dystrophy . In the case when the disease also affects the vitreous body, it is called - vitreochorioretinal peripheral retinal dystrophy .

Below we describe the types of retinal dystrophy that ophthalmologists most often have to deal with.

White spot dystrophy

This form of dystrophy is congenital disease and manifests itself in a patient with early childhood. As a rule, visual impairment in a child begins in preschool age and progresses irresistibly in the future.

Retinal pigmentary degeneration

The mechanism of development of pigmentary dystrophy, unfortunately, has not yet been fully studied, but it is known for certain that this disease appears as a result of a malfunction of the ocular photosensitive cells responsible for dark adaptation of vision. This disease occurs simultaneously in both eyes, proceeds rather slowly and manifests itself by alternating periods of exacerbation and transient relief. Most often, the first symptoms of pigmentary dystrophy begin to appear at school age, and by the age of 20 it is clearly diagnosed by an ophthalmologist and requires treatment. In this case, the patient already has and a narrowing of the visual field, which becomes tubular.

Central chorioretinal dystrophy

This disease is also called - serous choriopathy . It usually forms in men after 20 years of age due to the accumulation of effusion from the eye vessels directly under the retina. Such exudate interferes with the normal metabolism and nutrition of the retina, as a result of which its gradual atrophy develops. In addition, effusion over time contributes to retinal detachment, which in itself is a serious complication that can lead the patient to complete blindness. A characteristic symptom of this dystrophy is the appearance in the field of view of image distortions of a wave-like nature, as if a person sees a picture through a layer of water.

Age-related retinal dystrophy

This type of dystrophy also refers to macular (central) dystrophy, and it was named age-related because it occurs mainly in older people after 50-60 years of age. This disease occurs in two basic clinical forms development, namely:

• dry form (non-exudative);
• wet form (exudative).

Both of these forms develop under age-related changes that occur in the structure of the walls of the ocular microvessels. Against the background of this pathology, there is damage to the vascular structure in the central zone of the retina (macula), which is responsible for the high resolution performance of vision, which allows a person to notice and differentiate the smallest details of objects around him at close range.

However, even in the case of a severe course of this disease, the onset of complete blindness is extremely rare, since the peripheral parts of the patient’s retina remain intact, which gives him the opportunity to partially see and normally navigate in a familiar environment. The most severe course age-related dystrophy leads a person to lose the ability to write and read.

Dry form

This type of dystrophy is characterized by the process of accumulation of cellular waste products among the blood vessels and the retina itself, which are not removed in time due to disruption of the microvascular structure and general functionality of the eye. These products of activity of nearby cells are chemicals, look like small or large yellow bumps called drusen, and are deposited in the tissue directly under the retina.

The dry type of this dystrophy occurs in 90% of cases of all existing macular degeneration and is considered a relatively benign form of the disease, since it proceeds quite slowly, gradually reducing visual acuity over a long time.

There are three successive stages of development of non-exudative age-related macular degeneration:

• On early stage The presence of small drusen in the eye is noted. At the same time, the patient does not yet notice any visual impairment and sees well.
• In the intermediate stage, several small or one large drusen are found in the central part of the retina, which narrow the field of vision, as a result of which the patient sometimes observes a cloudy spot in front of the eyes. The only sign of the disease at this stage is the person's need for bright light used for writing or reading.
• When an advanced stage develops, the patient’s field of vision is constantly present dark spot large size, which does not allow him to see the vast majority of surrounding objects.

Wet form

The exudative type of macular degeneration is diagnosed in 10% of patients and is characterized by an unfavorable prognosis for its development, since it leads to rapid loss of vision and quite often causes retinal detachment.

In this form of the disease, new blood microvessels, which are normally absent, grow directly under the retina. The structure of these vessels is not typical for ocular tissues and therefore their walls are easily damaged, resulting in an effusion of exudate that accumulates under the retina. As a result of this process, the gradually accumulating exudate begins to put pressure on the retina, thereby promoting its detachment. Against the background of such drastic changes, there is a rapid deterioration in vision, which, if untimely and/or inadequate treatment, can result in complete blindness.

Lattice dystrophy

Of all the types of peripheral dystrophies, this vitreochorioretinal pathology ranks first in the likelihood of development and occurs in 63% of patients with a similar diagnosis. This type of disease is considered dangerous to health, since it provokes the greatest risk of retinal detachment. In two out of three cases, lattice dystrophy manifests itself in men after the age of 20, which in itself speaks in favor of its hereditary origin. This disease can affect one or two eyeballs with approximately equal frequency, after which it slowly progresses throughout the rest of life.

Examination of the fundus in lattice dystrophy reveals narrow, white, wavy stripes in the form of stairs or grids, which are formed by collapsed blood vessels filled with hyaline. Between them, areas of thinning of the retina are formed, which have a specific appearance of red or pinkish lesions. In these areas, breaks or cysts may occur, ultimately leading to retinal detachment. In addition, there is a liquefaction of the vitreous in the area of ​​its contact with the altered area of ​​the retina, and at the edges of the area of ​​dystrophy, on the contrary, their dense adhesion is observed. For this reason, zones of excessive tension, so-called traction, appear in the retina, which subsequently form valve-shaped small tears. It is through them that the liquid fraction of the vitreous body seeps under the retina, thereby provoking its detachment.

Dystrophy “Snail tracks”

This type of dystrophy is recorded by ophthalmologists in patients diagnosed with progressive dystrophy and is manifested by the appearance of perforated defects and streak-like inclusions on the surface of the retina. As a rule, all such damage is concentrated linearly and, upon examination, resembles a snail’s footprint left on the asphalt (in fact, for this reason, this pathology received its figurative name). Quite often, this dystrophy is accompanied by the formation of tears in the tissues of the eye, which can lead to retinal detachment.

Frost-like dystrophy

The frost-like type of dystrophy is a hereditary pathology and can affect both women and men. In this case, both eyes usually suffer simultaneously, and whitish or yellowish inclusions appear on the retina, similar in structure to snow flakes. Such lesions in most cases are located close to already thickened retinal microvessels.

Cobblestone dystrophy

Dystrophy called “Cobblestone pavement” mostly affects remote areas of the eyeball, directly located in the region of its equator. This type of disease is characterized by the appearance of individual pathological foci of white color on the retina, having an uneven surface and an elongated shape. Often these lesions have a circular arrangement. Patients with diabetes, as well as older people, are most susceptible to this type of dystrophy.

Small cystic dystrophy (Blessin-Ivanov disease)

As the name implies, small cystic dystrophy occurs due to the formation of small cysts in the peripheral areas of the fundus. Over time, areas of retinal separation and pinholes may appear in the area of ​​these growths. However, this type of dystrophy is characterized by a rather slow course and therefore has a favorable prognosis.

Leber's taperetinal childhood amaurosis

Leber's amaurosis can develop at the age of 2-3 years and even in a newborn baby. When it occurs, the child experiences a sharp deterioration in visual perception, indicating the onset of the disease, and further slow progression of the pathology, sometimes over many years.

X-chromosomal juvenile retinoschisis

With this ophthalmological disease, retinal separation occurs simultaneously on both organs of vision. In the area of ​​such dissections, large cysts form, which are gradually filled with glial protein. Due to such deposits, radial lines (similar in shape to the spokes of a bicycle wheel) or star-shaped folds appear on the retina.

Other types of pathologies of this nature, such as Refsum's disease , peripapillary choroidal atrophy , nyctalopia and other similar diseases are relatively rare and are of interest only to a narrow circle of ophthalmologists.

Important! It should be remembered that the result of untimely or improper treatment of almost any type of dystrophic changes in the eyes will be retinal atrophy , which is likely to lead to absolute loss of vision.

What is retinal atrophy?

Translated from Greek the word “ atrophia" means starvation, that is, lack of food supply. In the context of ophthalmological diseases, retinal atrophy is a pathological process of reducing the volume of ocular tissues, characterized by a pronounced change in their cellular structure.

The cause of this pathology can be various eye diseases and, first of all, multiple dystrophies that disrupt adequate nutrition of the visual organs. Treating retinal atrophy is much more difficult than the initial visual impairment, and is often simply impossible. That is why in the treatment of eye diseases it is very important to diagnose the initially existing disease in time and try to eliminate it in the most effective way, since atrophy can have irreversible consequences leading to tissue death.

Causes

According to statistical data, confirmed by the results of many studies of this disease, it was found that retinal dystrophy “gets younger” every year, that is, it increasingly appears in middle-aged people. Today, not only elderly patients, but also people with bad habits and a hereditary predisposition to certain eye diseases are at risk of developing this pathology. Another serious circumstance contributing to the occurrence of retinal dystrophy has recently become an unfavorable environmental situation, which negatively affects all sense organs and in particular the eyes.

However, age is recognized as the main risk factor for retinal dystrophy, and the prevalence of this disease in patients under 60 years of age is only 1%, and after the age of 70 years – approximately 20%. It is for this reason that ophthalmologists recommend that all people at risk after 45 years of age undergo an annual examination of the state of their visual organs, which will help to notice an emerging problem in time and take adequate and timely measures to solve it. In addition, in 30-40% of cases, retinal dystrophy occurs in people with hypermetropia and in 2-3% of cases with normal vision. The total set of primary factors in the development of dystrophy can be figuratively divided into two main groups, namely general and local.

Common reasons for the formation of this group of diseases include:

• frequent exposure of the eyes to direct rays of the sun and other negative types of radiation;
• age-related vascular changes in the organs of vision;
• serious viral infections, transferred in the past;
• excessive plasma levels;
• various (poisoning with poisons, bacterial toxins, alcohol, etc.);
• heavy chronic diseases(from the side thyroid gland, heart, kidneys, etc.);
• constant shortage of food intake minerals And .

Local causes of retinal dystrophy include:

• genetic predisposition;
• inflammatory eye pathologies;
• previous operations on the organs of vision;
• in any form of expression;
• previous eye injuries;
• present

Additional circumstances contributing to more early development This pathology is tobacco smoking, as well as gender and race. It is known that people with white skin and blue eyes and women in general. By and large, any external or internal factors, which disrupt blood flow and natural metabolism in the eyeball.

Symptoms of retinal dystrophy

At the initial stages of their development, most types of retinal dystrophy may not subjectively manifest themselves for a long time or be expressed very weakly. As a rule, the first clinical symptoms This group of pathologies begins to bother the patient in the medium or even severe phases of the disease.

Despite the abundance of types of retinal dystrophies, their negative symptoms are largely similar to each other and are most often expressed by the following phenomena:

• limited field of view;
• weakening of visual acuity (may be in one or two eyes);
• the need for the presence of bright lighting used for writing or reading;
• the appearance of a wave-like distorted image before the eyes (reminiscent of the feeling of looking through a layer of water);
• appearance with a cat (various obstacles before the eyes in the form of spots, fog, curtains, etc.);
• development nyctalopia (decreased ability to see at dusk);
• problems with distinguishing colors (perception of colors that do not correspond to the real picture);
• periodic formation of flashes or “flies” before the eyes;
• inability to correctly identify a stationary object from a moving one;
• development metamorphopsia (distorted assessment by the visual organs of colors, shapes and locations of objects in real space).

If a person experiences any of the above symptoms, he should immediately contact a specialized specialist for a detailed examination and, if necessary, prescribe adequate treatment. It is not recommended to postpone your visit to the ophthalmologist for a long time, since without appropriate therapy, any retinal dystrophy can quickly progress and ultimately provoke its detachment, and therefore complete loss of vision.

Tests and diagnostics

Diagnosis of dystrophic changes in the retina requires a professional approach and full examination tissue structure of both organs of vision. In this case, it would be most appropriate to conduct a set of studies that will help accurately determine the existing disease.

When visiting the hospital, the ophthalmologist may prescribe the following to the patient: diagnostic procedures and events:

• general clinical tests;
• ophthalmoscopy (instrumental method fundus examination);
• perimetry (methodology for studying the marginal limits of peripheral vision);
• Amsler test (a method of diagnosing existing dystrophy using a grid drawn on paper with a dot);
• adaptometry (dark adaptation test);
• optical tomography of the retina;
• Ultrasound of the eyeball;
• biomicroscopy (detailed analysis of the tissue structure of the eye);
• visometry (a method of checking visual acuity based on the use of 4 special tables);
• fluorescein angiography (method of examination of ocular vessels with intravenous administration of organic pigment);
• refractometry (instrumental determination of ocular refraction);
• measurement ;
• assessment of color vision using the Rabkin table;
• electroretinography (technology for studying the functionality of the retina using light stimulation).

Treatment of retinal dystrophy

Dystrophic changes in the retina that have already occurred can be completely eliminated by means modern medicine is virtually impossible, therefore any treatment for pathologies in this group is aimed at slowing down and/or stopping further progression of the disease and, in essence, is symptomatic.

In general, the therapeutic methods used in the treatment of retinal dystrophies can be divided into: medication, surgery and laser. Depending on the type of disease and the severity of its course, their separate or complex use in most cases makes it possible to stop the further development of the disease, reduce the severity of negative clinical symptoms and even partially improve visual function.

The doctors

Medicines

For drug therapy of various retinal dystrophies, it is practiced to prescribe drugs from the following drug groups:

• (mostly and and groups).
• Antiplatelet agents – medications that prevent vascular thrombus formation (, Ticlopidine , etc.). These drugs may be given as intravenous injections or tablets.
• Eye drops containing biological substances and vitamins that help improve material metabolism and repair of cellular structure (, etc.).
• Vasodilators And angioprotectors – medications, strengthening and dilating blood vessels circulatory system ( , Complamine , etc.). Can be administered intravenously or taken orally.
• Lipid-lowering drugs - drugs that reduce the content of plasma cholesterol (, etc.). Used only in patients with .
• Medications that enhance vascular microcirculation (,). Mostly, solutions of these drugs are used for injections into the eyes.
• Mineral and vitamin complexes containing elements important for the adequate functioning of the visual organs (, etc.).
• Polypeptides produced using bovine retinal tissue ( Retinolamine ). Injection directly into the eye structure is practiced.
• – a drug that inhibits the growth of new pathological vessels. Mainly used in therapy age-related degeneration retina.

Treatment with all of the above medicinal drugs, as a rule, is carried out in courses that are held several times throughout the year (at least twice).

In addition, when treating macular degeneration in the wet form, it is sometimes practiced intravenous administration and intraocular administration. If there is hemorrhage in the eye, to stop it and resolve the hematoma, it is prescribed intravenously, Prourokinase or . In order to relieve swelling when treating any type of retinal dystrophy, they resort to injection into the eye.

Procedures and operations

Together with drug treatment, in order to correct vision and reduce the negative manifestations of retinal dystrophies, some physical therapy techniques can be used, namely:

• intravenous laser irradiation of blood;
• electrophoresis With , ;
• electrical stimulation retina;
• magnetotherapy ;
• retinal stimulation using low-energy laser radiation;
• photostimulation retina.

If there are indications for surgical operations, surgical intervention is possible, including:

• vitrectomy ;
• laser coagulation of the retina ;
• revascularizing operations;
• vasoreconstructive operations.

Principles of therapy for central retinal dystrophies

What to do with age-related retinal dystrophy and others? First of all, patients with such forms of the disease are recommended to undergo complex drug therapy, including a course of A, E and B, vasodilators , antiplatelet agents And angioprotectors . As a rule, courses of treatment with these groups of drugs are carried out at least 2 times every 12 months, which in most cases can significantly reduce the progression or even completely stop the development of the pathology, thereby maintaining vision at the existing level.

In the case when a patient is diagnosed with a more severe phase of macular degeneration, the above methods of physiotherapy are prescribed together with drug treatment or operations are performed to restore natural blood flow in the retina. The specific method of physiotherapy used should be selected by an ophthalmologist, based on the existing picture of the disease and its course. Along with taking medications, all physiotherapeutic procedures are also carried out in courses 2-4 times a year.

If the patient suffers from a wet form of dystrophy, then first of all he is shown laser coagulation , stopping the growth of abnormal blood vessels. During this procedure, the doctor directs a laser beam to the affected segments of the retina, where, under its powerful action, the so-called “sealing” of unnecessary vessels occurs. As a result of this manipulation, the exudate stops penetrating under the retina and exfoliating it, thereby stopping further progression of the disease. Laser coagulation itself is a short-term, painless and uncomplicated procedure, which is often carried out even in a regular clinic.

After laser coagulation, the patient must take angiogenesis inhibitors on an ongoing basis (, Makugen ), which will further inhibit the germination of new abnormal microvessels.

Principles of therapy for peripheral and generalized retinal dystrophies

Treatment pigmentary degeneration retina and other types of peripheral and generalized dystrophies, first of all, consist in carrying out proper surgical manipulations (usually for such pathologies they use the same laser coagulation and surgical delimitation of the area of ​​dystrophy) followed by the appointment of regular medication and physiotherapeutic courses. When diagnosing peripheral dystrophy, the patient should protect his eyes from sunlight and be sure to stop smoking (if he has had this bad habit in the past).

Treatment of retinal dystrophies with laser

Method laser therapy widely used in the treatment of various forms of retinal dystrophy, since targeted laser ray has colossal energy, which allows it to have an effective effect on damaged areas of the eye without affecting its normal areas. Laser treatment is not a single type of operation that includes only one type of intervention, but rather represents a whole complex of different therapy techniques carried out using a laser beam.

An example of effective therapeutic use laser in the treatment of dystrophy can be carried out by retinal stimulation , the purpose of which is to activate metabolic processes in the eye tissues. During this procedure, only the affected areas of the eye are irradiated, which after completion in most cases regain some of the lost functions. A course of such laser stimulation is very effective and allows you to stop the development of the disease for a long time.

As a surgical instrument, a laser beam in ophthalmology is most often used to vascular coagulation or isolating the problem area of ​​the retina. During such operations, the thermal energy of the laser can literally “solder” damaged tissue, thereby preventing the disease from spreading further.

Surgical treatment of retinal dystrophies

Surgical interventions in the tissue of the eyeball are practiced only in cases of severe disease, when drug treatment and laser therapy were found to be ineffective. In the case of degenerative changes in the retina, ophthalmological operations can be divided into two types - vasoreconstructive and revascularizing.

• Vasoreconstructive operations are carried out using special transplants and are designed to restore the correct microvascular bed in the organs of vision.
• Revascularizing interventions are performed with the aim of eliminating pathologically overgrown microvessels and maximizing the opening of normal vessels.

Such surgical operations can only be performed by an experienced ophthalmologist and only in a hospital setting.

Treatment of retinal dystrophy with folk remedies

Treatment of retinal dystrophy with folk remedies can only be practiced in conjunction with methods and drugs official medicine, since this disease is considered quite severe and progressive. TO folk remedies Therapy for ocular retinal dystrophy includes various vitamin and mineral mixtures that can provide the visual organs with the necessary natural substances that improve their nutrition and maintain functionality.

Among the most conducive to eye health folk recipes the following can be distinguished:

• Wash the wheat grains and place them in a thin layer on the bottom of a suitable bowl, pouring a small amount of water on top. Place the wheat in a well-lit and warm place for faster germination. After green shoots appear, rinse the grains again and grind them using a meat grinder. Store the finished mass in the refrigerator, consuming it every morning in a volume of 14 tablespoons.
• Pour 1 tbsp. l. celandine with boiling water and boil the water over low heat for several minutes. After the decoction has cooled, you can drop 3 drops into your eyes three times a day for a month.
• Dissolve 50 g of mumiyo in 10 ml of fresh aloe juice and drop a few drops into your eyes twice a day. The prepared solution should be stored in the refrigerator and warmed to room temperature before the instillation procedure. This treatment can be continued for 9 days, after which it is necessary to take a break for at least a month.
• In a 1:1 ratio, mix goat milk (fresh) with boiled water. Place a couple of drops of this mixture in the affected eye, then cover it with a thick cloth for 30 minutes. The course of such treatment can last a maximum of a week.
• Mix 5 parts pine needles with 2 parts rose hips and 2 parts onion peel, then pour boiling water over everything and boil for 10 minutes. Cool the resulting broth, strain and drink 0.5 liters per day for the next month, dividing this portion into several doses.

Prevention

Prevention of the occurrence of retinal dystrophies consists of following the simple rules below:

• Avoid eye strain and rest your eyes as often as possible.
• Practice eye gymnastics (close your eyes, “write” figure eights with them; move your gaze from a distant object to a near one; close your eyes tightly, and then open your eyes sharply and wide, etc.).
• Avoid exposing your eyes to harmful radiation, including sunlight.
• Take A, E and B groups.
• Eat nutritiously, trying to include as many fresh fruits and vegetables in your diet as possible.
• Get rid of excess weight.
• Give up bad habits and, first of all, smoking.
• Accept nutritional supplements with zinc.
• Get examined by an ophthalmologist annually.

In children

Since some forms of retinal dystrophy are hereditary, it is very important, if this pathology manifests itself in a family history, to promptly notice its development in the child. The risk of dystrophy in children is very high when it is inherited according to a dominant pattern, and its progression in this case occurs rapidly. This disease in a child usually develops in both eyes at once, and its most characteristic symptom is a violation of color perception. In addition to this, children may simultaneously experience a tremor of the eyeball and even the birth of the eyeball.

It should be remembered that until today effective medicines that can completely cure this disease, does not exist. That is why timely detection of this disease in a child and taking medical measures appropriate to the situation will greatly help to stop the pathological process and preserve vision.

During pregnancy

Diet for retinal dystrophy

There is no diet as such for retinal dystrophy, however, in order to prevent its development or reduce the progression of this disease, it is recommended to eat foods rich in minerals and vitamins that are beneficial to the eyes.

Forecast

As a rule, most forms of retinal dystrophy are diagnosed already in the later stages of their development and therefore the prognosis for the restoration of normal visual acuity in these pathologies is unfavorable. All drugs and techniques used to treat this disease are aimed at stopping its progression and maintaining vision at the existing level.

List of sources

• Astakhov Y.S., Angelopulo T.V., Dzhaliashvili O.A. Eye diseases for doctors general practice: Reference manual. – St. Petersburg; 2001.– pp. 147-150.
• Danilichev V.F. Modern ophthalmology. S-P.: Peter, 2000.- 668 p.
• Semenov A.D. Lasers in optical-reconstructive microsurgery of the eye: Dissertation... Dr. med. nauk.- M., 1994.-46 p.
• Fedorov S.N., Yartseva N.S., Ismankulov F.O. Eye diseases: A textbook for medical students. Universities.- M., 2005.-432 p.
• Katsnelson L.A., Forofonova T.N., Bunin A.Ya. Vascular diseases of the eyes. – M.: Medicine, 1990.-270 p.

Dystrophy of the peripheral retina is a hidden danger. This area of ​​the retina is not visible during a normal fundus examination, but it is here that pathological processes occur, which subsequently lead to retinal ruptures and detachment. This dangerous disease can occur in any person, regardless of gender and age.

Peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophy (PVCRD) occurs in people not only with myopia and hypermetropia, but also with normal vision. The disease is practically asymptomatic, until retinal detachment.

The main causes of PVCRD currently include hereditary factors, as well as eye injuries and traumatic brain injuries, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other diseases.

PVCRD is especially often detected in people with myopia. With myopia (myopia), the length of the eye is increased, and all its membranes, including the retina, are stretched and thinned. Thinning of the retina, especially in the peripheral parts, leads to deterioration of blood flow, metabolic disorders and the formation of foci of dystrophy.

The dystrophic focus is a sharply thinned area of ​​the retina. In most cases, such changes affect not only the retina, but also the adjacent vitreous body and the choroid.

Under the influence of injuries, physical activity(especially work associated with lifting and carrying heavy objects, vibration, lifting to a height or diving under water, acceleration), stress, and also with increased visual load, ruptures occur in weak areas of the retina, which subsequently lead to retinal detachment. This is largely facilitated by changes in the vitreous body that appear in the form of vitreoretinal adhesions. These adhesions, joining one end to the dystrophic focus and the other to the vitreous body, more often than other causes contribute to retinal ruptures.

The combination of retinal tears and stretching in myopia is especially dangerous.

Main types of peripheral retinal dystrophies

Lattice dystrophy

It is most often detected in patients with retinal detachment. There is a hereditary predisposition to this species dystrophy. As a rule, it is found in both eyes. Examining the fundus of the eye, the doctor sees many empty vessels, forming bizarre lattice-like figures, between which cysts and ruptures form. Pigmentation in this zone is disturbed; at the edges of the lesion is fixed to the vitreous body by cords, which can easily tear the retina both in the zone of dystrophy and next to it.

Dystrophy of the “snail track” type

The dystrophy zone has an elongated shape in the form of an uneven whitish shiny ribbon with multiple small breaks. By appearance resembles a snail's trail. Often leads to the formation of large retinal tears.

Frost-like dystrophy

Hereditary form of dystrophy. The changes are most often symmetrical in both eyes. When viewed, they look like snow flakes located next to empty vessels.

Cobblestone degeneration

It looks like many light, round lesions on the periphery of the retina, sometimes with clumps of pigment. Rarely leads to the formation of retinal tears and detachment.

Small cystic retinal dystrophy

Multiple small round or oval reddish cysts are identified in the fundus. Cysts often coalesce and can form retinal tears.

Retinoschisis – retinal separation

Typically this is hereditary pathology– a malformation of the retina. Acquired dystrophic retinoschisis usually occurs with hypermetropia and myopia, as well as in old age.

Retinal tears

Based on their type, retinal tears are divided into:

• perforated;
• valve;
• by type of dialysis.

Hole breaks most often occur as a result of lattice and small cystic dystrophies, there is a gaping hole in the retina. A rupture is called a valve rupture when a section of the retina partially covers the rupture site. Valve ruptures appear as a result of vitreoretinal traction, which pulls and tears the retina. When a tear forms, the area of ​​vitreoretinal traction will be the valve apex. Dialysis is a linear rupture of the retina along the dentate line - the site of attachment of the retina to the choroid. In most cases, dialysis is associated with blunt trauma to the eye.

Retinal disinsertion

Through the hole formed in the retina, intraocular fluid enters under the retina, peeling it off. The retina that has lagged behind its usual place ceases to function, i.e. ceases to perceive light as a stimulus. Patients with retinal detachment describe this fact as the appearance of a black “curtain” in front of the eye, through which nothing can be seen. The size of the “curtain” that interferes with viewing depends on the area of ​​the detached retina. As a rule, part of the peripheral vision disappears first. Central vision is preserved at the first moment, as is fairly high visual acuity. But it won't last long. As the detachment spreads, the area of ​​the interfering “curtain” increases. As soon as the retinal detachment reaches the central parts, visual acuity drops from 100% to 2–3%, i.e. Such a person with a sore eye is able to see only the movement of objects near the face. This is provided by the partially preserved or partially adjacent retina in other areas. If the retinal detachment is total, that eye experiences complete darkness.

Diagnostics. Treatment of dystrophies and ruptures. Prevention

A complete diagnosis of peripheral dystrophies and retinal breaks is complex and is only possible when examining the fundus of the eye by an experienced ophthalmologist under conditions of maximum medicinal dilation of the pupil using a special three-mirror Goldmann lens, which allows you to see the outermost parts of the retina.

When peripheral dystrophies and retinal tears are detected, treatment is carried out, the purpose of which is to prevent detachment. Laser coagulation of the retina is performed, as a result of which the retina first sticks together and then, within 7–10 days, fuses with the underlying membranes of the eye at the points of exposure to laser radiation. Laser coagulation is performed on an outpatient basis and is well tolerated by patients. It must be taken into account that the process of formation of adhesions takes some time, so after laser coagulation it is recommended to follow a gentle regime.

When talking about prevention, we primarily mean the prevention of retinal tears and detachment. The main way to prevent these complications is timely diagnosis peripheral dystrophies, followed by regular monitoring and, if necessary, preventive laser coagulation.

Dystrophic processes in eye structures most often develop in the peripheral zones of the retina. Scientific language calls them peripheral retinal degenerations.

Such processes are dangerous for the eye both due to their consequences and late diagnosis due to the peculiarities of the eye structure.

What happens with peripheral retinal degeneration?

With dystrophic changes, areas of the retina gradually become thinner. Tension zones form between the vitreous body and the retina, as a result of which it ruptures in some places. Through this hole, fluid components of the vitreous pass under the retina, which lifts the retina and detaches it.

So, as a result of degenerative processes, retinal detachment occurs - the most dangerous eye disease, which, moreover, does not immediately make itself felt by the manifestation of symptoms. Another problem with peripheral degeneration is the location of the area of ​​the pathological process. It is located behind the “equator” of the eye, so it can be difficult to see during a routine ophthalmological examination.

Why is it developing?

This pathology occurs in people of different ages, in children, including. Some vascular, inflammatory and other changes in the structures of the eye lead to retinal dystrophy. Very often it is observed in nearsighted people. In this case, degenerative changes occur due to elongation of the eyeball. The main cause of dystrophic changes is a hereditary predisposition.

Also among the reasons:

Common diseases:

• atherosclerosis,
• hypertonic disease,
• diabetes,
• infections,
• intoxication.

Kinds

Lattice degeneration, in which the degenerative process is clearly localized. Varieties: cochlear trace, when degeneration occurs in the form of a white stripe, palisade - zones of degeneration are defined as white strokes. In the problem area, fusion with the vitreous occurs. Lattice degeneration is most often bilateral.

• Microcystic degeneration appears as a mass of red dots on a white-gray background. Localization of the lesion at the dentate line. This type of degeneration is also more often bilateral and occurs more often in people over 40 years of age.
• Cobblestone degeneration results in the formation of white, depigmented lesions. This type of pathology rarely leads to retinal detachment, that is, it has the most gentle consequences.

Diagnosis and treatment

The primary diagnosis is made by an ophthalmologist at the clinic. To do this, you need to conduct an ophthalmological examination, which includes:

• Perimetry,
• Visometry,
• Ophthalmoscopy with Goldmann lens or scleral depression.

Must be appointed laboratory research blood and urine.

Treatment is carried out in an ophthalmological hospital. It can be surgical or laser. Moreover, laser technologies are becoming more and more widespread every year, as they allow treatment to be carried out as quickly and accurately as possible.

Mandatory treatment is prescribed for lattice degeneration. Cystic and cobblestone degeneration require treatment when the patient complains of photopsia, when myopia progresses and significant retinal detachment is detected, or when there is blindness in the eye affected by peripheral dystrophy. In other cases, recommendations are given for maintaining eye health and regular monitoring of the condition of the retina.

Most often, preventive laser coagulation is performed for treatment. With its help, areas of dystrophy and healthy tissue of the eye are distinguished, a new line of attachment of the retina and fundus is created. As a result, the risk of its detachment is significantly reduced, which means that the patient’s vision is preserved. The success of treatment directly depends on the timing of receiving specialist help.

Peripheral retinal dystrophy is a pathological disease in which the tissues inside the eyeball undergo changes due to poor circulation. At the very beginning, the disease occurs without obvious symptoms.

How does pathology occur?

Anatomically, the retina of the eye is a thin layer of nerve cells whose main function is to project images to the brain using optic nerves.

Next, the received information is processed in the visual cortex of the brain and interpreted. The cells inside the retina are light sensitive and are able to capture any images that come into view.

If for any reason these cells begin to die, then changes occur in their structure. This is how their degeneration begins, leading to dystrophy. Externally, a person feels these changes through a general deterioration of vision.

The rate of progression and severity of the disease depend on what type of dystrophy develops. If retinal diseases are not treated, this can lead to serious impairment of visual functions and even total loss vision.

The destruction of cells in the retina occurs very slowly. This occurs due to damage to the blood vessels inside the eye. As blood flow deteriorates, mineral and oxygen metabolism is disrupted. Photoreceptors gradually die off. The great danger of this pathology lies in its asymptomatic nature.

In addition to deterioration of vision, the patient does not feel physical pain and other signs until the moment when degenerative changes become irreversible. It is difficult to detect peripheral dystrophy even during a doctor’s examination of the fundus.

The periphery of the retina is most often affected in nearsighted people. The reason for this phenomenon is their physiological characteristics structure of the eye. Since the eyeball in myopia has an elongated shape, this causes tension on the retina and its subsequent thinning.

In addition, people over the age of 60 who suffer from obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis are at risk. All these diseases are associated with dysfunction of the cardiovascular system.

Constant stress can provoke dystrophic changes in the retina, viral diseases, bad habits, unhealthy lifestyle, insufficient intake of vitamins and important microelements.

Often, peripheral retinal dystrophy can develop in women during pregnancy. This is due to the change in level blood pressure and a decrease in blood flow to the vessels of the eyeball. Sometimes the pathology is inherited.

Classification of the disease

Peripheral retinal dystrophy is of two types, depending on how morphological changes occur in its tissues:

• chorioretinal - only the cells of the retina itself and its choroid are damaged;
• vitreochorioretinal - the vitreous body of the eye, retina and choroid are completely damaged.

The nature pathological changes The following types of peripheral dystrophy are distinguished:

1. Lattice retinal dystrophy. When examining the fundus, narrow stripes are observed, shaped like gratings or rope ladders. Hence the name of this pathology. This is the most common disease (more than 60% of all cases), leading to, which makes it especially dangerous and practically incurable. Lattice retinal dystrophy most often develops in men and is transmitted hereditarily. Usually both eyes are affected at the same time. The disease progresses very slowly, gradually progressing throughout the patient’s life.
2. Snail trail. The disease owes its beautiful name to the fact that defects in the retinal tissue outwardly resemble the trace that a snail leaves when moving along the asphalt. Streak-shaped shiny formations and small holes appear on the surface of the retina. The danger of this type of dystrophy is that ruptures can form in the tissues, which naturally leads to their detachment.
3. Like "frost". This species is also inherited and occurs with equal frequency in both men and women. Whitish-yellow formations are found on the retina, resembling frost in appearance. It is characteristic that these inclusions form directly next to thickened blood vessels.
4. Cobblestone street. In the distant parts of the eyeball, pathological foci are formed on the retina, shaped like round cobblestones located in a circle. This disease is most common in older people.
5. Small cystic. Characteristic sign This type of dystrophy of the retinal periphery is the formation of small cysts. In the places of these formations, holes appear, which indicates tissue tearing. Small cystic dystrophy proceeds very slowly, but is treated quite successfully.
6. Retinoschisis. This type of pathology is a process of retinal dissection. Large cysts filled with glial protein begin to form at the sites of tissue rupture. These deposits form bumpy folds in the form of stars and circles on the surface of the retina.

How pathology of the retinal periphery occurs and methods for its diagnosis

With age, the body's metabolic process is gradually disrupted, which leads to the accumulation of many wastes and toxins. Exposure to viruses and pathogens, frequent intoxications, and infectious diseases provoke disruptions in the functioning of the cardiovascular system.

The blood flow does not sufficiently supply oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the eyeball, which becomes the prerequisite for pathological changes.

There are both general and private causes of the disease.

1. Special cases include myopia, hereditary predisposition, injuries and inflammatory diseases eyes, previous eye surgeries.
2. Among common reasons peripheral dystrophy is distinguished by such disorders as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, nicotine and alcohol abuse, drugs, viral infections, vascular diseases, lack of a balanced diet, exposure to ultraviolet rays directly into the eyes, etc.
3. Anything that negatively affects metabolism and blood flow in the human body carries a potential threat of pathology in the tissues of the eyeball.

The biggest danger is that peripheral retinal degeneration does not have pronounced symptoms. Most often, doctors find pathology by chance when examining a patient in connection with other ophthalmological diseases.

Only after tears have occurred in the retinal tissue does a person begin to see flashes, large spots, etc. All these symptoms require immediate contact with a specialist.

Diagnosing developing pathological processes in distant parts of the eyeball is not so easy. This is simply not possible during a routine examination.

1. It is necessary to dilate the pupil as much as possible with the help of special medications and then examine it with a three-mirror Goldmann lens.
2. Sometimes it is necessary to use the scleropressure method.
3. Additionally, optical coherence tomography, ultrasound and electrophysiological methods are used to study the visual field.

Scleropression is the most reliable way to confirm the diagnosis. However, it is painful and uncomfortable. During the procedure, the doctor moves the retina to the middle and thus can observe the condition of the tissues inside. The process involves photographing the fundus using a slit lamp.

If changes in the retina are minor, then treatment is not required. But the patient will definitely be under the supervision of a doctor. If the process of development of pathology begins to progress, then it will be necessary to begin treatment.

Treatment of eye dystrophy

There are general and specific methods. General measures are carried out regardless of the type of pathology. Since it is impossible to completely eliminate degenerative changes in tissues, treatment is aimed at stopping this process and partially improving the patient’s vision. This way only the symptoms are eliminated. To do this, doctors use medications, laser therapy and surgery.

1. As conservative treatment Doctors prescribe drugs that help reduce blood clots in blood vessels (Acetylsalicylic acid, Ticlopidine, etc.), vasodilators and strengthening agents (Ascorutin, No-Shpa, Papaverine), and complex multivitamins.
2. Drugs to improve blood microcirculation and polypeptides are used as eye injections.
3. Vitamin drops are prescribed that improve tissue metabolism and begin the regeneration process (Emoxipin, Taufon).

Medicines are taken in courses, which are carried out 2 times a year. If hemorrhage occurs in the eye, then Heparin, aminocaproic acid and other similar drugs are administered to eliminate the hematoma. Edema is eliminated with Triamcinolone injections.

Physiotherapy procedures give good results in the treatment of peripheral retinal dystrophy: electrophoresis in combination with a medicinal cocktail of heparin, nicotinic acid and No-Shpy, electrical and photostimulation of the retina, low-energy laser exposure, intravenous laser irradiation of blood (ILBI procedure), magnetic therapy.

Surgical techniques

If drug treatment does not produce results over a certain period of time, then proceed to surgical method. The most common operations to treat this pathology are:

1. Vitrectomy. During the operation, all pathologically altered tissues, scars and adhesions are removed from the vitreous.
2. Laser coagulation of the retina. This operation helps strengthen the inner lining of the eye, stops the process of tissue detachment and the further development of dystrophy.
3. Vasoreconstructive surgery. The temporal artery is cut off, eventually normalizing blood flow in optic nerve and retina. Used for acute and advanced stages of eye diseases. As a result, the functions of the eye become stable, and vision often improves significantly.
4. Revascularization surgery. The essence of this operation is to restore blood supply inside the eyeball. During the operation, the drugs Retinalamin and Alloplant are used. This procedure helps stabilize visual function for the next 3-5 years.

In addition to all the described treatment methods, it is important to completely give up bad habits, wear sunglasses, adhere to healthy image life, eat rich useful substances food.

Don't forget about vitamins. Vitamins of groups A, B, C and E are especially useful. They quickly return visual functions to normal. In addition, tissue nutrition in the eye is significantly improved. If you take vitamin complexes for a long time, this will help stop the degenerative process in the retina.

In addition to chemically synthesized vitamins, it is recommended to take care of your diet so that the foods you eat are as saturated with vitamins and microelements as possible. Thus, the most vitamins A, B, C and E are found in cereals, nuts, fresh vegetables and fruits, herbs, apricots, blueberries, carrots, beets, citrus fruits, beans and fish.

Preventive measures

When the question arises about the prevention of such a serious disease as retinal dystrophy, you can follow just a few simple rules. They will help preserve for a long time good vision and get rid of problems:

1. The eyes should rest periodically. Avoid overexertion.
2. When working with a computer, use special glasses.
3. Improve your eye exercises.
4. Take vitamin complexes to improve visual function, as well as biologically active additives with zinc content.
5. Eat a varied and nutritious diet.
6. Get rid of bad habits.

By following these basic rules, you can protect yourself from retinal dystrophy and preserve your vision.

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