DTP vaccination is a comprehensive protection against dangerous diseases. DTP vaccination: decoding, schedule and preparation DTP vaccination side effects in children

After vaccination with DTP, the baby may show fever, anxiety, tearfulness. The baby does not sleep well, loses his appetite. The reaction to DTP in a baby can be different: it can be acute or almost imperceptible. What reaction is considered normal, what to expect for mothers, we will tell you in more detail.

Normal body reactions to vaccination

After DTP, children may experience the following reaction:

• an increase in the mercury column on the thermometer to 38.5;
• redness or itching at the injection site;
• tearfulness or restlessness;
• loss of appetite;
• bad dream.

An increase in temperature in children up to 38 degrees, in the first three days after DTP vaccination, should not cause concern to parents. This is the physiological reaction of the body to the administered drug. Worth giving to a child antipyretic drug according to the scheme and monitor his well-being.

Redness or itching at the vaccination site can cause big trouble for the crumbs. The reaction provokes bad sleep. To alleviate the condition, give the baby antihistamine and lubricate the reddened area with Fenistil-gel. You can bandage the leg with a thin cotton cloth or gauze. If the baby stops combing the reddened place, then the itching will pass faster.

The child becomes tearful due to general malaise. Calm the baby, provide him with peace. Do not play with the baby in active games, wrap, overheat. The room should not be hot. Follow the daily routine. You can not switch to new bait within 7 days. For babies, give breasts more often, let the baby suckle in small portions. Keep track of your baby's weight.


If the baby does not sleep well, often wakes up crying, you can try to alleviate the condition in well-known and simple ways:

1. Make an infusion from the collection of mint, lemon balm, hawthorn. Dry collection (1 teaspoon) you need to pour 0.5 liters of boiling water and insist in a warm place for 3 hours. Give the baby from a bottle 2-1.5 hours before bedtime. The child will calm down, the itching will pass, sleep will return to normal.
2. Make a compress of honey with flour, apply it to the sore spot. The cake should not be warm, only at room temperature. Remember, you can’t warm the place after DTP, this can provoke inflammation.
3. If the cause of poor sleep after DTP is high temperature, wipe the baby's body with warm water. You can add alcohol to the water, in a ratio of 5/1. Do not try to bring down the temperature by wiping with vodka or vinegar. The compositions are aggressive and you can easily dry out the delicate skin.
4. Before going to bed, give your baby a light soothing massage. But do not rub the vaccination site. Help the baby to relax, then the sleep will be calmer.
5. Before going to bed, ventilate the room and put on a humidifier. If there is no purchased device, you can simply hang a damp sheet or towel on the batteries.
6. Well soothe children infusions of chamomile. Dried flowers are brewed like tea and given to babies from a bottle. Chamomile will help relieve itching, reduce inflammation and the baby will calm down.

It is important to follow general condition in children. If the temperature is high, and the child eats and sleeps well, then there is no cause for concern. When he sleeps poorly, and at the same time has a high temperature, which antipyretic compounds do not bring down, it is worth calling specialists.

How many days should I expect a reaction after vaccination?

The reaction to the vaccine in children may not appear immediately. The crumbs react individually to the drug, so not everyone may have a reaction after the first vaccination. After the second vaccination, the picture can change dramatically - the temperature rises, appetite and sleep worsen.

It cannot be said for sure that if children do not have a temperature on the first day after DPT, then on the second and third it will not rise. Monitor the condition of the baby and often put a thermometer. We recommend giving the baby antipyretic drugs for three days after vaccination: Nurofen, Ibuklin, Paracetamol. children infancy put candles: Viferon, Efferalgan. This will help the baby bring down the fever and the allergic reaction will pass. Giving an antihistamine continues 3-4 days after vaccination, according to the scheme prescribed by the pediatrician.

Each baby is different, so the reaction in each case may be different. In some children, the temperature lasts only a day, the second are unwell for 3-4 days. But do not set yourself up for the worst, in 60% of cases the DTP vaccination is painless.

Poor sleep in a baby can be provoked not by vaccination, but by nervous overexcitation. After vaccination, you should not immediately leave the clinic with a crying baby. Sit a little near the office, let the child calm down. Attach to your chest, talk to him in a calm voice. The child will calm down and there will be fewer side effects.

If bad sleep is not accompanied by fever and repeats for 2-3 nights, then it is worth showing the baby to neurologists. In children, muscle tone may increase due to nerves and vaccination has nothing to do with disorders. The baby will be prescribed massage and physiotherapy.

Do not worry if the child after DTP does not sleep well for 1-2 nights, the temperature rises in the evening, and during the day the baby rests and eats well. Parents should be alert for the following signs in children:

• the temperature is above 38.5 and does not subside;
• the DTP site is swollen and hot;
• an abscess appeared on the leg, from which pus flows;
• after each meal the baby is sick;
• the dream is gone, the child roars incessantly;
• the skin has changed color to yellow or pale with blue.

Any reaction requires immediate medical attention. We recommend calling an ambulance.

What Dr. Komarovsky says about complications, we recommend watching the video:

The condition of the baby after DPT depends on the preparation. If you perform the correct preparatory steps and follow the recommendations of the doctor, then the baby will sleep well, and vaccination will not cause negative consequences.

DTP vaccination - when can I bathe a child?

At present, all the parents of the world are divided into two camps. The reason for this is one important question: should the child be vaccinated? There is a huge gulf of misunderstanding between these two groups of people. Those opposed to vaccines, contrary to common sense, fear the negative effects of the vaccine. Having read the horrors in the reviews of some parents, moms and dads become ardent opponents of vaccination as such.

Do not forget that the worst reaction to a vaccine can occur once in several million cases.

What is AKDS?

One of the most widely used vaccines in the world is DTP. How does this abbreviation stand for? This combination of symbols is nothing more than the first letters of the name of the vaccine: adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus. This vaccine protects the human body from the three most dangerous infections. For young children whose body has not yet learned to fully defend itself against serious illnesses these ailments can be fatal. That is why the DPT vaccination is prescribed to a child at 2-3 months.

Despite the obvious need to vaccinate children against formidable diseases, some parents do not want to do it, citing their concern for the health and life of their child. The thing is that the reaction to DTP in children is quite noticeable. As for the vaccine itself, it is rather difficult to tolerate. Among the other vaccinations that a child is given according to the calendar, DPT is, of course, the most difficult. This is due to the antipertussis component, which is most difficult for the body to perceive. And many parents are afraid that as a result of a post-vaccination complication, the child will become disabled or not survive at all. But it is worth reassuring caring mothers and fathers that the likelihood of such cases is negligible. In order to inform parents about the importance of this vaccine, it is worth telling what consequences their unreasonable fears can lead to.

Why is it necessary to get vaccinated?

Whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria are very dangerous diseases for young children. Whooping cough is terrible for its complications, including pneumonia and encephalopathy. With convulsive cough, characteristic of this disease, respiratory arrest may occur. After the vaccination has been made, antibodies begin to be produced in the body and an immune memory is formed. Later, if the child meets with the causative agent of whooping cough, diphtheria or tetanus, his defenses will be able to give a worthy rebuff to these infections. Immunity vaccinated child will work like clockwork.

Tetanus and diphtheria are dangerous because their complications are not associated with microorganisms, but with their toxins. They carry great danger. The DTP vaccine is designed to develop antitoxic immunity in the growing body.

Such terrible complications are likely to develop in children who have had these diseases. Therefore, the reaction to DTP is beyond comparison with what an unvaccinated child can endure when exposed to three terrible infections.

Vaccination Schedule

This drug is administered by intramuscular injection. This method prevents the vaccine from being instantly absorbed into the bloodstream and ensures long-term production of antibodies in childhood and adulthood.

The peculiarity of DPT is that it is done according to a certain scheme, with observance of intervals.

It is necessary to repeat vaccinations at regular intervals throughout life. The vaccination schedule is as follows:

• for the first time - in 2-3 months;
• again - in 4-5 months;
• the third time - at 6 months.

These three vaccinations should be done with a mandatory interval of 30 days between each of them. Since the immunization schedules with this drug coincide with the polio vaccination, they are usually given together. There is even a special preparation that combines all four components. But more often than not, the polio vaccine looks like drops. They are dropped into the baby's mouth. In fairness, it should be noted that the reaction to DPT and polio are different from each other. The latest vaccine is well tolerated and usually does not cause any side effects.

The next time, when the child reaches the age of 1.5 years, the DTP vaccination is repeated. This four-stage vaccination gives the child complete immunity to tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough. Further vaccinations are given with the acellular or acellular form of the pertussis component. This vaccine is called ADS and is much easier to tolerate. Vaccination is done:

• at 6-7 years old;
• at age 14 and then every 10 years of life: at 24, 34, 44, etc.

According to statistics, 75% of the adult population Russian Federation do not receive ADS revaccination and do not even suspect that it is necessary to do this. However, this is very important. Tetanus and in our time is a formidable disease. This is especially true for lovers of long-distance travel.

But what if the revaccination schedule is off? The World Health Organization claims that it makes no sense to start the entire cycle in this case. The main thing is to restore the lost stage and not come true anymore from the schedule.

Types of DPT vaccine

To date, there are several certified DTP vaccines. All are approved by the WHO. Quite often it happens that the first vaccination is made from the preparation of one manufacturer, repeated - from another. According to the WHO, there is nothing to worry about, since all these vaccines successfully replace each other.

By quality, there are two types of DPT vaccine:

• The most common and cheapest. It is called classical and is most popular in underdeveloped countries with low level life. The composition of such a vaccine includes an unsplit and unpurified pertussis component. It is because of him that children have a reaction to DTP.
• Another variety is called AADS. It is the most modern and, of course, the most expensive analogue of the DPT vaccine in the classic version. In it, the pertussis component is purified and split into its component parts. A big plus of such a vaccine is that it is much easier to tolerate and practically does not cause unwanted reactions.

It should be clearly understood that the reaction to DTP is temporary and passes without harmful consequences for the body. The transferred disease can threaten with terrifying complications of the state of health of the child, which can disturb him all his life.

How is vaccination done?

This vaccine is administered intramuscularly. But not every part of the body can be suitable for vaccination. The WHO recommends that the DPT vaccine be administered to young children only in the thigh. This is justified by the fact that a baby at the age of two months has the best developed muscles in this particular part of the body. There are the least blood vessels and subcutaneous fat, which cannot be said about the buttocks. This rule has a legislative basis and was introduced in 2008 into an official document called “Sanitary and epidemiological rules. Ensuring the safety of immunization”. It clearly states: "Intramuscular injections in children of the first years of life are carried out only in the upper outer part of the thigh." From the age of 6, children can be vaccinated in the shoulder area.

What does the reaction to the DTP vaccine look like?

The reaction to DTP in children can look different. In the most favorable case, your baby will not show any alarming symptoms. This means that nothing has changed in the child's behavior and condition after the injection.

But far from always everything is so rosy, and often children after vaccination have the following manifestations:

The famous pediatrician Komarovsky E.O. to the question: “How long does it take for a child to react to DTP?” answers the following: “All negative post-vaccination phenomena in a baby appear on the first day after the injection. If your baby has a fever, he has a runny nose, diarrhea or drowsiness, and all this happened 2-4 days after the injection, then DTP cannot be blamed. All this, rather, is the consequences of an acute respiratory disease or rotavirus picked up in the clinic.

Many doctors agree with this statement. Regarding how long the reaction to DTP lasts, doctors say: all side effects manifest themselves on the first day after vaccination. The next 2-3 days there is an improvement. It does not require serious medical intervention.

However, if the reaction to DPT in a child becomes alarming, you should immediately seek medical help. medical care. Show concern if:

• the child's body temperature crosses the line at 39 ˚С;
• the injection site is significantly swollen (more than 8-10 cm in circumference);
• the child has a strong and continuous crying that lasts more than 3 hours.

In this situation, there is a risk of dehydration of the baby's body.

What to do if you have a reaction to DTP?

Often, the reaction to DTP at 3 months is manifested in an increase in temperature. Usually, pediatricians do not recommend giving antipyretic drugs at an indicator below 38.5 ° C. However, this rule does not apply to the post-vaccination period. If you notice a slight fever in your baby, then immediately give him an antipyretic. It is impossible to delay and wait for a critical point. Dr. Komarovsky, mentioned above, says that the best medicines for a child at elevated temperature are "Paracetamol" and "Ibufen" in the form of syrup and suppositories. If these drugs are ineffective, then you should consult a doctor.

Compaction of the injection site, its swelling and swelling is also a very common reaction to DPT. Photos of such consequences scare parents the most.

If the nurse correctly injected, then there should be no visual manifestations in the form of bumps and swelling. However, there are situations when the drug does not enter the muscle, but into the subcutaneous fat layer. It is in this case that edema, seals and swelling are most often formed. If you observe such an effect in your baby after vaccination, then you should show it to the doctor. He prescribes special medications that are safe for the child, which increase blood circulation and relieve swelling.

Do not panic if there is a slight swelling in the injection area. When grafting, weakened cells of the infectious agent are introduced, and a natural physiological process of local inflammation occurs. This is a local reaction to DTP. It usually disappears without a trace without medical intervention in 1-2 weeks.

Often after the injection, redness of the skin and itching at the injection site are observed. If the radius of the skin area with a changed color does not exceed 2-4 cm, then this is normal. This is explained by a slight inflammation as a result of the body's immune response. If other aspects are normal, then you should not worry. The redness will disappear without a trace in 8-10 days.

It is worth noting that usually the reaction to DTP at 1.5 years is weaker than after the first vaccinations. The child is already strong and his immunity can easily cope with the vaccine. However, still do not lose vigilance and carefully monitor the condition of the child during the critical period.

Dangerous reactions of the body to the DPT vaccine

Medical statistics has data that for every 100,000 people vaccinated with a DTP injection, one or two babies suffer from serious consequences that can cause poor health. This probability is extremely small, but nevertheless it is worth pointing out such complications. These include:

• A severe allergy to one of the components of the vaccine or to all three of its components. Extreme manifestations - anaphylactic shock and angioedema.
• The temperature does not rise, but the child has convulsions.
• The temperature has risen, and the child has neurological disorders. This is due to the effect of the pertussis component on the membranes of the brain.

It is worth mentioning again that this is a very rare reaction to DTP.

What to do if you suspect that your child has one of these symptoms after vaccination? Without hesitation and delay, contact an ambulance.

However, it is worth reassuring parents with numbers. There are statistics on the occurrence in children of a reaction to DTP of varying severity:

Light reactions:

• elevated body temperature, redness and swelling of the injection site - in 25% of children;
• loss of appetite, drowsiness and lethargy, indigestion and intestines - in 10% of babies.

Moderate reactions:

• convulsions - 1 child out of 14,500;
• strong crying for 3 or more hours - 1 baby out of 1000;
• body temperature over 39.5 ˚С - 1 child out of 15,000.

Severe reactions:

• severe allergic reactions - 1 child in a million;
• neurological disorders are so rare that modern medicine does not associate them with the DTP vaccine.

The most serious reaction to DPT occurs within the first 20 minutes after vaccination. That is why the doctor recommends that you wait for this time period and show the injection site for examination and evaluation of the reaction.

The incidence of serious complications in children increases 3,000 times if the vaccine is completely abandoned and one of the three serious diseases develops.

As mentioned above, often, along with the DPT vaccination, the child receives the polio vaccine at the same time. The schedules of these two immunizations coincide, and doctors are used to combining them. Confused parents sometimes do not know how the reaction to DTP and polio differs if they are carried out at the same time. Usually the last vaccine is very well tolerated and, in extreme cases, may cause minor digestive upset. It is also worth noting that the substances contained in the preparation for immunization against poliomyelitis also contribute to an increase in the body's resistance. intestinal infections. If a child has minor digestive disorders during joint vaccination, then after the time after which the reaction to DPT subsides, that is, after a few days, the gastrointestinal tract will recover.

Contraindications for DTP

There are certain circumstances that make it impossible to vaccinate against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. In these cases, vaccination is either not carried out at all, or is postponed for a certain time.

These circumstances include:

• exacerbation of any disease;
• the presence of an allergy to at least one of the components of the vaccine;
• immunological reactivity or immunodeficiency.

How to reduce the likelihood of a negative reaction to DPT?

Despite the fact that the DTP vaccination is one of the most difficult for the child's body to perceive, it cannot be abandoned. This threatens the child with dangerous infections and their consequences. Parents can prepare the child's body so that it can tolerate the vaccine as painlessly as possible. To do this, do the following:

• 2 days before the upcoming vaccination, if a child develops diathesis or allergies, it is necessary to give him an antihistamine in the usual dosage. In this case, the reaction to DTP at 3 months and at any other age will be minimal.
• Directly on the day of vaccination, the most important event is the prevention of hyperemia. To do this, immediately after vaccination, the baby will need to put a candle with an antipyretic agent, even if his temperature has not risen. A child older than six months can be given the drug in the form of syrup. Throughout the day, you need to carefully monitor the temperature and be sure to give an antipyretic at night. The dosage of drugs should be discussed with the pediatrician even before vaccination.
• The next day after vaccination, it is necessary to continue to control the temperature. With a tendency to increase it should be given an antipyretic. It is necessary to provide the baby with light food and plentiful warm drink. In the children's room, you need to maintain an optimal temperature of 21 ° C and a humidity of 60-75%.

Get vaccinated or get sick? What is best for immunity?

Some adults are of the opinion that immunity acquired as a result of a disease is more effective than a vaccine. This opinion is incorrect. It absolutely does not apply to infectious diseases such as whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. The last two illnesses do not give the body immunization. Transferred whooping cough gives natural protection to the body for 6-10 years. However, at what cost will this sad experience cost! DTP vaccination provides comprehensive immunity from all three infections for a period of 6 to 10 years without any dangerous consequences for good health. So vaccination is the only sure way to protect the body from dangerous diseases.

Latin name: DTP Vaccine
ATX code: J07CA02
Active substance: dead
microbial cells Bordetella pertussis
Anatoxinum diphthericum
Anatoxinum tetanicum
Manufacturer:"Biomed", "Microgen"
Russia
Pharmacy leave condition: Issued only
representatives of medical institutions

The DTP vaccine has a complex focus against tetanus, whooping cough and diphtheria and produces immunity in 100% of patients receiving the vaccine. It is carried out according to the national vaccination schedule. A similar effect has the drug "Infanrix", which is vaccinated for a fee. The duration of immune protection against tetanus and diphtheria is ten years, against whooping cough - about five to seven years. After this period, DPT revaccination is necessary. However, its implementation is hindered by the rather frequent development of complications after vaccination, Negative consequences in the form of a cold, cough, induration and pain at the injection site, and a small amount of pertussis vaccine produced for adults and children from six years of age. When DTP is planned, polio and hepatitis B vaccinations are usually also given at the same time. Moreover, the duration of the hepatitis vaccination is approximately 8-10 years, and sometimes its effect remains, no matter how many years have passed.

Indications for use

The DTP vaccine is given to prevent stagnation, whooping cough and diphtheria in children aged three months to three years. According to the schedule, the ADS vaccine is used for children from four to five years old. Children older than six years of age and adults are injected with ADSM toxoid.

The composition of the drug

0.5 ml of the drug, how much is one vaccination dose, contains:

1. Dead microbial particles of Bordetella pertussis - 10 billion (4 MZU)
2. Inactivated and purified diphtheria toxoid - 15 FU (30 MIE)
3. Neutralized tetanus toxoid - 5 EU (60 MIE).

Additional components:

1. Aluminum hydroxide (sorbent) - 0.55 mg
2. Formaldehyde - 0.05 mg
3. Merthiolate (preservative) - 0.045 mg.

Medicinal properties

If you get vaccinated, it stimulates the production of specific antibodies in the body to diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis viruses. The level of merthiolate in the blood decreases by half after 3-7 days, and after a month it drops to the original level.

Release form

The cost of the vaccine is 158-193 rubles, however, vaccinations with it in medical institutions set for free

Suspension for intramuscular injection looks like a white liquid with a slightly yellow tint. In a stationary state, it stratifies into a clear solution and a loose precipitate, which dissolves easily after shaking.

The drug is packaged in ampoules of 1 ml, which is two doses. One package contains ten ampoules along with instructions for use.

Mode of application

Vaccination is carried out within the time frame specified in the schedule, drawn up taking into account the comments set out by WHO and approved by the Ministry of Health. In order to avoid the development of complications, the appearance of a cough and other consequences, the child must be healthy and have no contraindications to the drug. As indicated in the instructions for use, the first vaccination is done three times with an interval of forty-five days. Reduction of terms is not allowed. Accordingly, the child is vaccinated at the age of three, four and a half and six months. Usually, vaccines against polio and hepatitis B are also given at the same time. If the baby does not have a fever, walking with him is not prohibited.

If due to elevated temperature, cough and infection, the timely use of the next vaccination is impossible, it must be done immediately after the successful completion of treatment. If, for some reason, he was not vaccinated before the age of four, the vaccination is carried out with ADS-toxoid, as in the case if he has already suffered whooping cough. Hepatitis B booster vaccination is given one month after the first one. And five months after the second, they put the third vaccination against hepatitis.

Revaccination

DTP revaccination is performed for children at the age of one and a half years. If the first vaccination was not done according to the schedule, DPT revaccination is carried out twelve or thirteen months after the date of the third dose of primary vaccination. The following revaccinations are already done with ADSM toxoid for children at the age of seven and fourteen, and for adults every ten years.

injection site

The vaccine is injected into the front outer thigh of the child, which can cause a bump at the injection site and other negative consequences. In order to avoid allergic reactions and to reduce pain, Fenistil ointment can be applied to the leg. When the baby is one and a half years old, injections are made in the upper part of the shoulder - the deltoid muscle. Children after seven years can already inject the drug under the shoulder blade.

Preparation for vaccination

• A few days before her do not change the diet of the child
• Reduce the likelihood of allergic complications and the appearance of induration at the injection site. Why, for three days before and after vaccination, you can give the baby one tablet of calcium gluconate per day
• Apply antihistamine which the doctor will prescribe, for example, Fenistil drops to avoid allergic consequences
• Stop taking vitamin D two to three days before vaccination, as it can increase calcium levels in the body. Disturbances in metabolic processes can lead to the development of allergic consequences in a child and the formation of bumps at the injection site.
• So that the baby empties the intestines during the day before vaccination. Otherwise, you can use a glycerin suppository or enema.
• Limit your child's food to reduce intestinal stress
• Prevent dehydration - give the baby enough water and do not wrap him too tightly, as this can cause increased sweating
• An hour before vaccination and preferably within three hours after it, do not feed the child
• Do not bathe your baby on the day of vaccination.

What to do after getting vaccinated

Returning home, you should immediately put the child's antipyretic candle "Paracetamol" as prophylactic against the development of complications, infection, to prevent coughing and the appearance of a seal on the leg. If the temperature rises during the day, you can use another candle. And be sure to put it on at night. At night, you need to measure the temperature again and, if necessary, you can enter a candle. To prevent the occurrence of allergic consequences, the baby needs to be given drops of "Fenistil".

As Komarovsky advises, suppositories should be placed at temperatures below 38 ° C. When it rises higher and is accompanied by cough and infection, it is better to continue treatment with Ibuprofen syrup. In the absence of a positive effect, it is advisable to use a syrup or Nimesulide solution. It is necessary to water the baby often, preferably with rehydration solutions. For example, "Rihydron", "Human electrolyte". You can not bathe him and walk with him until the temperature drops. An elevated temperature after DTP vaccination can last up to five days.

Is it possible to bathe a child after vaccination

In order to avoid infection through the injection site, the formation of compaction and the development of complications, children should not be bathed within a day after vaccination. The next day, you can already bathe the baby at the usual time for him. If the temperature still holds, you can simply wipe it with a damp towel, and you should not walk.

Should I cancel my walks?

Dr. Komarovsky claims that if the baby does not have a fever, you can walk with him. True, it is better to walk not in the yard, where there are a lot of people, but somewhere in a sparsely populated place. While the child's body is producing antibodies to viruses, it is better for him not to contact other people so as not to provoke an infection, colds and coughs. For the same reason, the baby should not be bathed within a day after vaccination.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding

The DTP vaccine is not used during pregnancy and lactation.

Contraindications

The vaccine should not be given while the child has acute form any disease, intolerance to the substances that make up the vaccine or immunodeficiency, excluding the production of antibodies to viruses.

Children with progressive diseases nervous system, or those who have had convulsions that are not accompanied by fever, are vaccinated with an ADS preparation that does not contain particles of pertussis microbes, which is why it is easier to tolerate.

If convulsions in a baby were noted during a rise in temperature, this cannot be an obstacle to the use of the vaccine, but it requires special preparation to prevent any complications. If the baby has diathesis, vaccination is carried out in the absence of exacerbations. If he has an infection or acute respiratory infections, the vaccine is given after the end of the disease.

Precautionary measures

A vaccinated child should be observed for about thirty minutes in order not to miss the possible occurrence of allergic reactions and other complications. In this case, anti-shock therapy should be at hand. Ampoules with a breach of tightness, without marking, with a cloudy or discolored liquid and a stable sediment should not be used.

Cross-drug interactions

The DPT and polio vaccines, as well as the hepatitis B vaccine, can be given at the same time. And other vaccinations included in the schedule, except for BCG.

Side effects

The substances that make up the drug are designed to stimulate the production of antibodies to certain viruses in the body, so the immune response to DTP can be quite active. Most often, the leg starts to hurt. There may be swelling and swelling at the injection site. To relieve pain, you can apply Fenistil ointment, which has an anesthetic property. However, the effects appear within three days after vaccination. Therefore, complications that occur after this period are caused by other causes. The reaction to the second and third vaccinations may already be less pronounced. But with revaccination (fourth vaccination), local effects may increase: induration and pain at the injection site. The body's reactions to DPT and polio vaccinations are almost identical. Unlike them, the hepatitis vaccine does not have pronounced negative consequences.

Usually, 30% of those vaccinated have a fever after DTP vaccination, and 20% may experience vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, their behavior becomes restless or, conversely, inhibited. In 15-25% of those vaccinated, a cough occurs, the injection site turns red, swells and hurts, a seal is felt on it. This is due to the inflammatory reaction of the body, the lump formed at the injection site hurts, as evidenced by the crying of the baby and the unwillingness to step on the sore leg. In this case, Fenistil ointment should be applied to the leg, which will relieve pain.

If within two days after the vaccination the child's temperature has risen to 40 ° C, the next two vaccinations are performed with the DTP or ADSM vaccine, since such a reaction to the DPT vaccination is already a complication.

Seal at the injection site

Thickening and redness at the injection site are caused by the action of aluminum hydroxide, which promotes inflammation. Thereby immune cells organisms begin to actively divide and create T-lymphocytes that remember information about the produced antigens. If the diameter of the seal does not exceed five cm and the injection site does not hurt, and the child is active and moves the leg freely, there is no reason for concern. It can be bathed the day after vaccination. Do not touch the seal, try to rub it or apply a compress, as this can lead to an abscess. Apply Fenistil ointment to the injection site to relieve pain. If pus or blood appears from the bump, you should immediately call a pediatrician.

Lameness

Limping on the leg into which the injection was made is due to insufficient development of muscle mass, as a result of which the absorption of the vaccine slows down. The baby hurts the leg that was vaccinated, and he tries not to step on it. In this case, massage can help. Also, Fenistil gel can be applied to the affected area. If the baby does not get up at all, you need to regularly do leg exercises for him in a supine position. You can bathe the child more often and rub it with a wet towel - this helps to relax the muscles. You also need to walk with him in the fresh air more often, as needed. The pain usually lasts no longer than a week.

Cough

Colds and coughs are not immune response organism for the vaccine, since the child's immunity against SARS begins to develop only after five years. Cough can occur due to incorrect actions of parents before and after vaccination, when the body does not have time to be distracted by an additional infection. Therefore, it is better not to bathe children on the day of vaccination, so as not to introduce viruses through the wound.

Rash

A rash may appear on the skin around the injection site or all over the body. If these are the consequences that were caused by the vaccination, they disappear by themselves, without any intervention. But in children prone to allergies, rashes are associated with certain foods included in their diet. In such cases, they are given "Suprastin" or "Fenistil" two days before vaccination and, if necessary, within three days after it.

Overdose

Cases of overdose have not been recorded.

Terms and conditions of storage

The drug must be stored at a temperature of 2 to 8°C, which must also be observed during transportation. Use within one and a half years from the date of manufacture. Do not freeze.

Analogues

Federal State Unitary Enterprise "NPO Microgen" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, JSC "Biomed", Russia
Price: 79–83 p.

Description: ADSM preparation consists of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. It promotes the production of antibodies to tetanus and diphtheria viruses.

Pros:

• ADSM vaccine has no age restrictions
• It is better tolerated than other similar drugs, which is why it replaces the DTP vaccine if children have a strong reaction to it.

Minuses:

• It is not recommended to vaccinate ADSM during pregnancy.
• In rare cases it is possible adverse reactions: fever, pain at the injection site, swelling, redness.

"Infanrix"

GlaxoSmithKline, Belgium
Price: 482–509 p.

Description: "Infanrix" contains tetanus, pertussis and diphtheria toxoids. Infanrix injection is carried out for a fee and stimulates the development specific immunity to tetanus, whooping cough and diphtheria.

Pros:

• Infanrix is ​​not as highly reactive as preparations containing whole viral cells
• A positive effect after the introduction of "Infanrix" is achieved in 88% of those vaccinated.

Minuses:

• After using Infanrix, it is possible side effects in the form of fever, pain at the injection site, swelling, redness
• Rarely, allergic reactions to Infanrix occur: Quincke's edema, rash, urticaria.

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!

Deciphering the DTP vaccination and the types of vaccines used

• Pentaxim - DTP + against polio + hemophilic infection;
• Bubo - M - diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B;
• Tetracoccus - DTP + against polio;
• Tritanrix-HB - DTP + against hepatitis B.

• ADS (according to the international nomenclature DT) is a vaccine against tetanus and diphtheria. Today, domestic ADS and imported D.T.Vax are used in our country;
• ADT-m (dT) is a tetanus and diphtheria vaccine given to children over 6 years of age and adults. In Russia, domestic ADS-m and imported Imovax D.T.Adyult are used;
• AC (international nomenclature T) - tetanus vaccine;
• AD–m (d) – diphtheria vaccine.

Should I get vaccinated with DTP?

Of course, the question "should I get vaccinated with DTP?" can be set in different ways. Someone thinks that vaccinations are not needed in principle, someone believes that this particular vaccine is very dangerous and causes serious consequences in the form of neurological pathologies in a child, and someone wants to know if it is possible to put baby vaccination.

If a person has decided not to vaccinate at all, then naturally he does not need DTP. If you think that the DTP vaccine is harmful, and contains a lot of components that put too much stress on the child's body, then this is not so. The human body is able to safely transfer several components of the vaccine against various infections at once. What matters here is not their quantity, but compatibility. Therefore, the DTP vaccine, developed in the 40s of the XX century, became a kind of revolutionary achievement when it was possible to place the vaccine against three infections in one vial. And from this point of view, combination drug- this is a decrease in the number of trips to the clinic, and only one injection instead of three.

It is certainly necessary to be vaccinated with DTP, but you need to carefully examine the child and obtain admission to vaccination - then the risk of complications is minimal. According to a World Health Organization report, the most common causes The development of complications for DTP vaccination is ignoring medical contraindications, improper administration and a spoiled drug. All these reasons are quite capable of being eliminated, and you can safely make an important vaccination.

Parents who doubt the advisability of immunization can be reminded of the statistics of Russia before the start of vaccination (until the 1950s). Approximately 20% of children suffered from diphtheria, of which half died. Tetanus - even more dangerous infection, infant mortality from which is almost 85% of cases. In the world today, approximately 250,000 people die from tetanus every year in countries where they are not vaccinated. And absolutely all children had whooping cough before the start of mass immunization. However, you should know that the DPT vaccine is the most difficult to tolerate of all those included in the national calendar. Therefore, vaccination, of course, is not a gift from God, but it is necessary.

DPT vaccination - preparation, procedure, side effects, complications - Video

DPT vaccination for adults

How many DTP vaccinations are there, and when are they given?

Then children are revaccinated at 6 - 7 years old, and at 14. Thus, each child receives 6 DTP vaccinations. After the last immunization at the age of 14, it is necessary to revaccinate every 10 years, that is, at 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, etc.

Vaccination Schedule

Interval between vaccinations

If the time has come to do another DTP vaccination, and the child is sick, or there are any other reasons why vaccination cannot be done, then it is postponed. You can postpone vaccination for a fairly long period of time, if necessary. But the vaccine should be given as soon as it can be done (for example, the child will recover, etc.).

If one or two doses of DTP were delivered, and the next vaccination had to be postponed, then when returning to vaccination, it is not necessary to start it again - you just need to continue the interrupted chain. In other words, if there is one DTP vaccination, then two more doses must be delivered at an interval of 30 to 45 days, and one a year from the last. If there are two DPT vaccinations, then simply put the last, third, and a year later from it - the fourth. Then vaccinations are given according to the schedule, that is, at 6-7 years old, and at 14.

First DPT at 3 months

To minimize the risk of reactions, the child must be healthy at the time of the vaccine. The greatest danger is the presence of thymomegaly (increased thymus), in which DTP can cause severe reactions and complications.

The first DTP shot can be given with any vaccine. You can use domestic, or imported - Tetrakok and Infanrix. DTP and Tetracoccus cause post-vaccination reactions (not complications!) in about 1/3 of children, while Infanrix, on the contrary, is very easily tolerated. Therefore, if possible, it is better to put Infanrix.

Second DPT

The reaction to the second DPT can be much stronger than the first. This should not be afraid, but be mentally prepared. Such a reaction of the child's body is not a sign of pathology. The fact is that the body, as a result of the first vaccination, met with the components of microbes, for which it developed a certain amount of antibodies, and the second "date" with the same microorganisms causes a stronger response. In most children, the strongest reaction is observed precisely on the second DTP.

If the child missed the second DPT for any reason, then it should be delivered as soon as possible, as soon as possible. In this case, it will be considered the second, and not the first, because, even with a delay and violation of the vaccination schedule, there is no need to cross out everything done and start over.

If the child had a strong reaction to the first DPT vaccination, then it is better to make the second one with another vaccine with less reactogenicity - Infanrix, or just administer DTP. The main component of the DTP vaccination that causes reactions is pertussis microbe cells, and diphtheria and tetanus toxins are easily tolerated. That is why, in the presence of a strong reaction to DTP, it is recommended to administer only ADS containing antitetanus and antidiphtheria components.

Third DTP

Some children react most strongly to the third rather than the second DTP vaccine. A strong reaction is not a pathology, as is the case with the second vaccination. If the previous two injections of DTP were delivered with one vaccine, and for the third one for some reason it is impossible to get it, but there is another drug, then it is better to get vaccinated rather than postpone.

Where are they vaccinated?

Do not administer DPT vaccine in the buttock as there is a high risk of it entering a blood vessel or sciatic nerve. In addition, there is a rather large layer of subcutaneous fat on the buttocks, and the needle may not reach the muscles, then the drug will be injected incorrectly, and the drug will not have the desired effect. In other words, DTP vaccination in the buttock should not be done. In addition, international studies have shown that the best production of antibodies by the body develops precisely when the vaccine is injected into the thigh. Based on all these data, the World Health Organization recommends administering the DTP vaccine in the thigh.

Contraindications

In this case, the child cannot be vaccinated in principle.

If there are neurological symptoms or seizures due to fever, children can be vaccinated with a vaccine that does not contain a pertussis component, that is, ATP. Until recovery, children with leukemia, as well as pregnant and lactating women, are not vaccinated. A temporary medical exemption from vaccination is given to children against the background of an exacerbation of diathesis, who are vaccinated after achieving remission of the disease and normalizing the condition.

False contraindications for DPT vaccination are as follows:

• perinatal encephalopathy;
• prematurity;
• allergies in relatives;
• convulsions in relatives;
• severe reactions to the introduction of DTP in relatives.

The introduction of the DTP vaccine is contraindicated only in people who have had an allergic or neurological reaction in the past to this drug.

Before DTP vaccination - preparation methods

• the child must be completely healthy at the time of vaccination;
• the child must be hungry;
• the child must poop;
• the child should not be dressed too hot.

A bump after DTP can form when the vaccine has not entered the muscle, but the subcutaneous adipose tissue. AT fat layer there are much fewer vessels, the rate of absorption of the vaccine is also sharply reduced, and as a result, a long-term cone is formed. You can try Troxevasin or Aescusan ointments to increase blood circulation and speed up the absorption of the drug, which will lead to the resorption of the bump. Can a bump also form if the vaccine was administered without observing the rules of asepsis? and dirt got into the injection site. In this case, the bump is inflammatory process, pus forms inside it, which must be released and the wound treated.

Redness after DPT. This is also normal, since a mild inflammatory reaction develops at the injection site, which is always characterized by the formation of redness. If the child is no longer bothered, do nothing. As the drug dissolves, the inflammation will go away by itself, and the redness will also go away.
Pain after DPT. Soreness at the injection site is also due to an inflammatory reaction, which can be more pronounced or weaker, depending on individual features child. Do not force the baby to endure pain, give him analgin, apply ice to the injection site. If the pain does not go away for a long time, see a doctor.

Cough after DPT. Some children may develop a cough during the day in response to the DTP vaccine if they have chronic diseases respiratory tract. This is due to the body's reaction to the pertussis component. However given state does not require special treatment, and disappears on its own within a few days. If a cough develops a day or a few days after vaccination, then there is a typical situation when a healthy child "caught" an infection in the clinic.

Complications

• severe allergies (anaphylactic shock, urticaria, angioedema, etc.);
• convulsions against the background of normal temperature;
• encephalopathy (neurological symptoms);

At present, the relationship between the development of encephalopathies and DPT vaccination is not considered scientifically proven, since it was not possible to identify any specific properties of vaccines that can cause such phenomena. The conducted experiments on animals also did not reveal a connection between DTP vaccination and the formation neurological disorders. Scientists and vaccinologists believe that DPT is a kind of provocation, during which an increase in temperature simply leads to a clear manifestation of hitherto hidden disorders.

The development of short-term encephalopathy in children after DTP vaccination causes a pertussis component, which has a strong irritating effect on the meninges. However, the presence of convulsions against the background of normal temperature, twitching, nodding, or impaired consciousness is a contraindication to further administration of the DTP vaccine.

The question of the need for vaccination of children today is particularly relevant. Many parents simply refuse to put their kids at risk. On the other hand, those pathologies from which vaccines are designed to protect are no less dangerous. The greatest worries of moms and dads causes possible reaction for DTP vaccination, which is included in the list of mandatory. Although combination vaccine is designed to strengthen the protective function of the body, it is classified as reactogenic, capable of causing serious allergic manifestations.

DPT: interpreting the name

The abbreviation stands for adsorbed (purified) pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus combined vaccine, aimed at protecting the body from three serious diseases at once. For its manufacture, toxoids of diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough are used. In the last component, only some cell fragments (DPT vaccine) can be used, which is much safer, unlike whole cell preparations.

Acellular vaccines are prescribed if the child's reaction to the DPT vaccination (previous) was severe, as well as in case of weakened immunity in the baby. There is a variety of the drug, in which the pertussis component is completely absent.

All known pathologies in medicine have their own personal code. International classification diseases allows you to record information about the state of health of the population and contains all the names of diseases in alphabetical order. The last revision was carried out in 2010, so it is customary to use the abbreviation ICD-10. The reaction to DTP vaccination is also included in this list (T88.0).

How does the DPT vaccine work?

Vaccinations can prevent the development of serious and sometimes even fatal diseases. The vaccine against diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus, entering the body, begins to release weakened components. This stimulates the defense system to produce immune cells (antibodies and T-lymphocytes) and fight off foreign microorganisms. Atoxins are not dangerous for the body, they only stimulate it to resist diseases.

What reaction to the DPT vaccination is considered the norm?

In medical practice, it is customary to divide reactions into weak, moderate and strong. The immune response of the system to the introduction of the drug components can be quite pronounced. This is a normal reaction of the body, indicating that the vaccine has begun to act. The standard manifestations are fever, excitability, moodiness in infants, drowsiness, vomiting (rarely).

Symptoms are characterized by sudden onset and disappearance. Normally, they occur in the first 24 hours after the injection. If a similar reaction of the body to the DPT vaccination is observed for more than 48 hours, it is necessary to consult a pediatrician.

Types of DPT vaccine

The considered vaccine of domestic production is quite well tolerated by children. In clinics, it is provided free of charge. If parents wish, you can purchase imported analogues. Some of these drugs contain additional components to fight other diseases. The negative reaction to DTP vaccination of foreign production is reduced to a minimum. These vaccines include:

• "Pentaxim" (manufactured in France) - a popular analogue of domestic vaccination, contains 5 components of dangerous childhood pathologies at once: tetanus, whooping cough, diphtheria, poliomyelitis, hemophilic infection.
• "Infanrix" (manufactured in England) - is a cell-free vaccine with minimal side effects. It is produced in several forms and may additionally contain components of poliomyelitis (“Infanrix IVP”) or hepatitis B, as well as hemophilic infection (“Infanrix Hexa”).
• "Tetrakok" (manufactured in France) - the vaccine contains components of KDS and polio. Introduced to children with immune disorders.
• "Tritanrix HB-HIB" (manufactured in Belgium) - the vaccination dose contains diphtheria and tetanus toxin, inactivated pertussis fragments, hepatitis B surface antigen, capsular polysaccharide of hemophilic infection.

A reaction to DPT vaccination can occur regardless of the manufacturer. Of course, foreign vaccine companies are trying to reduce the risk of complications and offer only the latest developments in the field of drugs for routine vaccination.

Local reaction

The injection site may be slightly swollen, reddened, painful. The swelling goes down within 3 days after vaccination. In severe cases, suppuration may begin. This is more often caused by non-compliance with the technique for performing this kind of injection. Also, the reasons for the development include a tendency to allergies.

According to statistics, every fifth baby has a local reaction to the DPT vaccination. At 3 months, when the primary vaccination is to be done according to the schedule, the manifestation of such signs practically does not occur. Symptoms increase with each subsequent administration of the drug.

Possible Complications

Cases of complications after DTP vaccination have indeed been recorded. Experts, trying to persuade parents to vaccinate, insist that the benefits far outweigh the risks.

Allergic manifestations increase depending on the predisposition of the child's body. This means that the danger still exists, and therefore it is not surprising that mothers and fathers refuse to administer such drugs to children.

A child's reaction to DPT and polio vaccination may manifest itself in the following form:

• Anaphylactic shock is a sudden drop in blood pressure heart rate. In children, it often manifests itself in the form of fainting and loss of consciousness. Occurs 30-60 minutes after injection. Requires immediate resuscitation.
• Afebrile seizures - occur without an increase in temperature against the background of irritation of areas of the brain. This serious lesion of the nervous system needs long-term drug treatment. The cause of the occurrence is the components of whooping cough in the vaccine.
• Encephalopathy is a severe pathological brain lesion that often becomes lifelong. It develops within 1 month under the influence of a vaccine containing pertussis cells.
• Quincke's edema - such a reaction to DTP vaccination and polio is characterized by swelling of the neck, face, larynx, nose. It is important to provide the baby with urgent medical care.

Parents' opinion

Now you will not surprise anyone with the refusal of DTP vaccination. Parents do not agree to expose their babies to the threat of severe neurological abnormalities that most often accompany children after vaccination for the rest of their lives. Unfortunately, doctors do not prescribe a preliminary examination by various specialists who give their opinion on the permission or prohibition of vaccinations. Some mothers and fathers simply do not have information that such a study is mandatory.

In children's clinics, before vaccination, the child is simply examined by a pediatrician. What is the reaction to DTP vaccination? Most often, you can hear that normally the temperature may rise slightly, a seal appears at the injection site. Doctors prefer to remain silent about more serious consequences. Moms and dads, in turn, trusting professionals, sign the permission and thereby shift all responsibility onto themselves.

Nevertheless, most parents are sure that vaccination against tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough and polio must be done without fail. Some completely trust the drug of domestic production, while others (their minority) purchase imported analogues, in which the risk of developing severe complications is much lower.

What to look for after DTP vaccination?

A slight increase in temperature, lethargy and lack of appetite in the first days after vaccination is a normal child's reaction to DTP vaccination and polio. The task of parents is to control the further development of the situation.

The following symptoms should be alert:

• prolonged fever;
• body temperature exceeds 39 ° C and cannot be reduced with antipyretic drugs;
• the appearance of seizures;
• crying of a child with an uncharacteristic shrill cry;
• pallor (sometimes blue) of the skin;
• the child stopped responding to the treatment.

Such signs should not go unnoticed, and parents should seek medical help. If there is only a moderate local reaction to the DPT vaccination, then there is no reason to worry. These symptoms quickly pass and do not cause serious consequences.

How does the body react to each stage of vaccination?

It should be borne in mind that the reaction to the 2nd DPT vaccination, which is scheduled for 4.5 months, may differ from the first injection. Despite such small age, children tolerate the introduction of atoxin pertussis, tetanus and diphtheria well. The World Health Organization recommends that you do not violate the established vaccination dates in order to avoid complications.

The next injection is given at six months, if the baby normally had the first and second vaccinations. Otherwise, it is necessary to replace the drug with one that does not contain a pertussis reactogenic fragment. It is considered the most dangerous component that can provoke irreversible changes in the brain (severe complications). The reaction to the 3rd DTP vaccination often frightens parents and sometimes fears are justified. At this time, an enhanced formation of a protective mechanism is taking place, and therefore the consequences can be quite serious.

After the third vaccination, the child's temperature rises, which is sometimes difficult to bring down. Diarrhea, vomiting, mood swings may occur. The injection site looks swollen, reddened. For better transfer of a painful vaccine, it is done exclusively in the thigh. So the components enter the vessels faster and do not cause a violent local reaction. Only in rare cases, the pain syndrome develops to such an extent that for several days the child hardly steps on the leg. The baby must be carefully monitored after each vaccination and, if necessary, seek medical advice.

How to alleviate the condition of the child after DTP vaccination?

If a child has a fever in response to the DTP vaccine, first of all, it is necessary to give an antipyretic. For greater efficiency, simultaneous administration with 1/4 No-shpy tablet is recommended.

Compresses with magnesia (or simple rubbing) will help reduce pain at the injection site. It is also allowed to make an iodine grid, which contributes to the speedy reduction of swelling and puffiness. Eliminate the manifestations of allergies will help antihistamines.

DPT revaccination

The last vaccination against tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough is given at the age of 18 months. It is called revaccination, which completes the DPT vaccination complex and consolidates the effect. There are special requirements for its implementation: the child must be absolutely healthy. Therefore, it is mandatory to undergo an examination by highly specialized specialists (neuropathologist, cardiologist, ENT) and pass laboratory tests. This is the only way to be sure that the vaccine will not harm the baby.

A negative reaction to the DTP vaccination, which was administered before revaccination, is an indication for discontinuation of the injection or replacement of the drug. If the child has had an illness (including a simple ARVI), revaccination is postponed for 12 months. The period must be counted from the day of the third vaccination.

Consequences of revaccination

The reaction to DTP vaccination and polio in each case may be different. Revaccination is no exception, which some children tolerate well, while others suffer from high temperature, severe pain in the injection area, lack of appetite. With normal tolerability of previous vaccine injections, there should be no serious complications.

How long does a reaction to a DTP vaccine last? Normally, the symptoms should disappear three days after the injection. If the child feels well, does not act up, does not complain about pain in the leg, then the body tolerated the drug well.

Do I need to prepare for vaccination?

Proper preparation of the child for routine vaccination is the key to good tolerance and the absence of complications. DTP vaccination should be taken with special responsibility, since it is it that most often causes various kinds of complications. In order to avoid disturbances in the work of the nervous system and kidneys, you must first pass medical examination to get information about your baby's health.

District pediatricians often neglect this prerequisite, on which the child's admission to vaccination depends. As a result of such negligence, a child may have a severe reaction to the DPT vaccination. Parents should understand that one examination of the child immediately before the injection is not enough. It is necessary to require from the pediatrician a referral for laboratory tests. You also need to go through other specialists, in particular, a neurologist.

Before vaccination, doctors advise preparing the child's body for a "meeting" with the components of the vaccine. To do this, they begin to give antiallergic (antihistamine) drugs in a few days. They will help smooth out the manifestation of some of the system's reactions to the introduction of foreign viruses (even if weakened). In turn, the doctor should be aware of the baby's tendency to allergies.

It is not recommended to introduce new types of products into the child's menu that can provoke an organism reaction in the form of dermatitis. On the day of vaccination, many experts advise giving an antipyretic even before a possible rise in temperature. All medications are canceled 3-5 days after DTP vaccination.

When should vaccination be delayed?

There are temporary indications that allow you to postpone the introduction of the vaccine for a certain period. It should be noted that a few decades ago this list was more impressive. Modern scientific developments allowed to shorten it. Currently, a withdrawal from the DTP vaccine is given for the following indications:

• Recent infections and viral diseases in history. It is allowed to vaccinate a child only a month after full recovery.
• Exacerbation of chronic ailments - a delay of at least 3 months from DTP vaccination.
• Intestinal dysbacteriosis - causes a decrease in immunity, which can complicate the child's reaction to the injected atoxin. Babies with this diagnosis are not recommended to be vaccinated with DTP.
• Premature birth - underdeveloped various systems of a fragile organism should not suffer from a vaccine. Children born ahead of time, you need to gain weight before the first DPT shot.
• Severe reaction to DPT and polio or other vaccines. Subsequent administration of the drug is allowed only after complete examination. The most commonly used drug without pertussis cells (ADS).

The district doctor, sending the child for a routine vaccination, must make sure that there are no diseases and contraindications. Without fail, the temperature is measured, breathing is heard. If there is the slightest suspicion of the poor health of the baby, injections are contraindicated.

You should refrain from vaccination if the child has to go on a long journey. This increases the chance of catching a virus that will negatively affect a weakened immune system.

In what cases is it forbidden to vaccinate DTP?

Complete contraindications include:

• a history of pathologies of the nervous system;
• a fixed reaction in the form of convulsions with an increase in body temperature;
• an allergic reaction to a previous injection;
• infantile spasms;
• brain disorders, pathologies;
• an epidemic of any other disease;
• the presence in the family history of patients with neurological abnormalities, mental disorders;
• birth trauma of the skull.

During the initial administration of the vaccine, it is necessary to especially monitor children whose close relatives are prone to allergies.