FCM disease. Fibrocystic mastopathy: treatment, symptoms, causes, prevention

Before proceeding with the treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy (FCM) of the mammary glands, we will explain in detail what this disease is.

The duration of the operation is 40 minutes.

Diet for mastopathy

When treating fibrocystic mastopathy, doctors pay attention to the patient's nutrition. After all, products can affect the hormonal regulation of metabolic processes in the body.

Healthy foods:

• cabbage - it contains all essential vitamins necessary for fibrocystic mastopathy. Blocks the entry of estrogen into the tissues. Cabbage is best eaten raw;
• oranges, apricots, lingonberries and blueberries - contain many vitamins, macro- and microelements. In summer, you need to include fruits and berries in your diet.
• vegetables (especially tomatoes, dill and spinach) - rich in fiber, vitamins and minerals that affect the gastrointestinal tract.

From drinks you need to drink milk, tea or a drink from fruits / berries.

If you have been diagnosed with fibrocystic breast disease, then you need to be attentive to high-calorie foods.

Eliminate from your diet

• any kind of meat;
• crisps;
• sweet drinks;
• fast foods;
• foods containing cholesterol and sugar.

According to statistics from the World Health Organization, almost half of all women in the world have experienced breast disease at least once. One of the most common pathologies is fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary gland.

All information about the danger of this disease, what it is, how to diagnose and treat with the use of hormonal drugs, folk remedies and vitamins is collected in the article.

Mastopathy is a pathological change in the mammary gland associated with the formation of benign formations in it, which are clots of hard connective tissue - cysts.

Along with diffuse and cystic mastopathy, fibrocystic is one of the most common forms of mastopathy. It occurs against the background of a hormonal imbalance in the female body, when estrogen prevails over progesterone and can be triggered by many external and internal factors.

Diffuse fibrocystic form of mastopathy

Fibrocystic mastopathy mammary gland (what it is, how to treat and how long the treatment can last, you can find out after the appropriate tests from the attending physician) is diffuse, if the process of changing the structure of the glandular tissue affects the entire breast, and not a specific area of ​​it, single seals.

There are such varieties diffuse disease:

• most of the seals in the form of a fibrous component;
• cystic formations predominate;
• mixed form;
• pathological change of both glands with both fibrosis and cystosis.

Nodal shape

Doctors call the nodular form of mastopathy localized adenomatosis and the first stage of tumor development (benign or malignant). Due to the growth of glandular and connective tissues in the chest, seals are felt - nodes.

With this form, a symptom such as discharge from the nipples also appears.

Non-proliferative mastopathy

Fibrocystic mastopathy of the breast: what it is, how to treat it, and whether an operation is needed to remove it - such questions are discussed with a mammologist after it becomes known for sure whether the epithelial tissue grows (proliferation occurs) in the breast or not.

It is from the degree of activity of neoplasms in the breast that the proliferative and non-proliferative forms of the disease are distinguished.

Mixed fibrocystic mastopathy

The mixed form is characterized by excessive growth, an increase in the number of glandular lobules in the chest and partitions between them, consisting of connective tissue. With this variety, both nodular elements and seals appear in the glands.

Causes of the disease

The main causes of tumors in the breast are endocrine disorders and hormonal imbalance. However, doctors identify several other provoking factors.

They are:

• chest injury;
• premenopausal period;
• reception hormonal drugs, in particular, contraceptives;
• hereditary predisposition;
• inflammatory processes in the female genital organs;
• the presence of chronic venereal diseases;
• excess weight;
• frequent abortions.

In the risk group for the appearance of this unpleasant pathology:

• women whose first pregnancy occurred after 25 years;
• those who had their first menstruation before the age of 11;
• mothers who stopped breastfeeding earlier than 5 months after the start;
• women who did not give birth to children or childbirth in their life was only once;
• those who have undergone an abortion or an unsuccessful pregnancy that ended in a miscarriage;
• patients during menopause.

What is dangerous pathology

Fibrocystic mastopathy of the breast: what is it, how to treat, is there a chance of recovery, how much is it serious illness, - such questions are asked by all women who are faced with this pathology.

The disease itself is not life-threatening, is not contagious or prevents the implementation of any activity. However, its unpleasant manifestations: pain, heaviness, tightness in the chest negatively affect the psycho-emotional state of a woman.

The main danger of fibrocystic mastopathy is that, in combination with other negative factors, it can provoke the occurrence malignant tumor in the mammary glands. Therefore, at the first manifestations of the disease, it is so important not to postpone the trip to the specialized doctor and do all the necessary tests.

Symptoms

A woman should be alerted by such changes in the usual state of the mammary glands:

• colorless or bloody issues from the nipples, their swelling;
• rounded or oblong shaped seals felt on palpation;
• deformation of the glands;
• unusual retraction of the nipples;
• coarsening of the skin of the breast and change in its color;
• feeling of heaviness and fullness of the chest before menstruation;
• pain when touching the mammary glands at the end of the menstrual cycle;
• enlarged lymph nodes;
• redness skin glands and their erosion.

If these symptoms are supplemented general condition fatigue, weakness, depressed emotional background and intensify in the fourth week of the menstrual cycle, then this is a good reason to seek advice from a gynecologist and mammologist.

Pain in illness

Painful sensations in mastopathy are due to the fact that seals put pressure on the nerve endings in the glands. The pain intensifies a few days before the start of a new menstrual cycle and disappears after the end of the discharge.

Depending on the nature, it is divided into:

• stabbing;
• cutting;
• pulsating;
• pulling;
• aching.

Sometimes the pain is so strong that even light touches to this area are unpleasant for a woman. In this case, you need to take painkillers and get additional advice from a mammologist.

Allocations

Growing, the cysts also compress the milk ducts, which leads to the appearance of discharge from the nipples. They can be constant and plentiful, as well as situational, arising from pressing, squeezing the chest. It is the discharge that serves as an indicator of the good quality of neoplasms in the mammary glands.

Their character and color can vary from cloudy colorless to bloody, yellowish, purulent and serous. The appearance of the latter also indicates the expansion of the ducts of the mammary glands or a possible inflammatory process in the ovaries.

At menopause

During menopause and the period before it, women are especially at risk of painful lumps in the breast, primarily due to a decrease in the level of the hormone progesterone.

Pathology during menopause can also develop against the background of taking hormonal drugs designed to alleviate the course of menopausal symptoms: hot flashes, headaches, sweating and difficulty urinating.

The disease is most severe in those whom menopause has affected before the age of 35 or menstruation has stopped only by the age of 60. Symptoms in older women are more pronounced, which facilitates early diagnosis of the disease. The main method of diagnosing the disease for patients during menopause is mammography.

How does it affect pregnancy and breastfeeding

Fibrocystic mastopathy of the breast, what it is, how to treat during the period of bearing a child and how dangerous the disease is for pregnant women. These questions concern many nulliparous girls or even women who are faced with pathology after the birth of their first child.

The main thing you need to know is that mastopathy cannot be an obstacle to conception, gestation and childbirth, just as it cannot be the cause of infertility.

Doctors advise to first cure completely fibrocystic mastopathy before such an important step in life as pregnancy, but at the same time one of effective ways her treatment is just the birth of a child, breastfeeding.

The disease will recede when:

• feeding was long (longer than 3–5 months) and correct;
• the normal hormonal background of a woman is preserved;
• there are no gynecological diseases (inflammation, fibroids, erosion);
• the endocrine system of the body functions normally, there are no diseases thyroid gland and adrenals.

According to various estimates, from 55 to 85% of patients after childbirth got rid of an unpleasant diagnosis. At the same time, due to the increase in the level of progesterone in pregnant women, small cysts resolve, large ones decrease in size and do not bother with pain and other symptoms. After childbirth, the hormone prolactin has the same effect on the woman's body.

The health and development of the child in the womb of the seal in the mother's chest is not affected in any way, as well as the state of the placenta, the processes of blood supply and oxygen transfer to the fetus.

Fibrocystic mastopathy and cancer

Despite the fact that cysts in the breast are inherently tumors, they rarely degenerate into breast cancer. These two are perfect different diseases, although they have similar symptoms at the beginning.

The main differences between one disease and another:

1. Seals with mastopathy grow slowly.
2. Hard tissues in the mammary glands in cancer give metastases, in contrast to benign tumors.
3. Cysts have clear defined edges, and cancerous tumors that you can feel for yourself do not have even borders.

The only case when there is a possibility that mastopathy will turn into an oncological disease is under the condition of rapid division epithelial cells in good quality education. If the cyst in the breast is atrophied and retains its size for a long time, then the risk of getting cancer in this case is less than 1%.

Factors that can serve as a "trigger" for the occurrence of breast cancer against the background of mastopathy are:

• general decrease in immunity and resistance to diseases;
• stress, nervous and emotional upheavals;
• gynecological problems;
• dysfunction in the liver, adrenal glands, thyroid gland;
• doses of radiation exposure;
• poor environmental situation;
• unhealthy lifestyle (smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of physical activity);
• hereditary predisposition to cancer.

• papillomas grow rapidly inside the milk ducts of the breast, if they are reborn, then we can even talk about the need for resection of the entire mammary gland;
• fibroids reach large sizes and the tissue grows continuously;
• epithelial cells inside the cyst itself begin to grow.

The outcome of the development of the situation: whether a tumor will turn from benign to malignant or not depends on early diagnosis and timely treatment pathology. should be given Special attention health reproductive system: restoration of the cycle, treatment of diseases of the genitourinary system or infertility.

Complications and consequences

Mastopathy is dangerous not so much for its painful manifestations, but for its possible consequences.

They are the following:

However, complications rarely occur, according to doctors, only in 15–20% of women, while the rest recover, especially if it took place against the background of several pregnancies and childbirth, a long breastfeeding, becomes final.

Diagnostics

Fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary gland (what it is, how to treat it, the mammologist will tell after finding out the exact diagnosis using laboratory and hardware techniques) causes confusion and fear in patients if a tumor in the breast is detected during a standard examination by a gynecologist or during self-palpation.

Finding out the location, nature of the pathology, size and growth dynamics of neoplasms allows:

Can detect neoplasms general analysis blood by a marker of the presence of certain protein cells characteristic of oncological diseases.

Medical treatment

Fibrocystic mastopathy of the breast: what it is, how to treat and what drugs a woman should take should only be recommended by a doctor after the diagnosis is confirmed. Depending on the patient's condition, the severity of the pathology, possible risks, hormonal and non-hormonal forms of treatment can be prescribed.

Among the most common pharmacological agents for the treatment of a disease based on hormones, allocate:

Efficiency in the fight against neoplasms in the breast was also shown homeopathic preparations from herbal ingredients.

List of drugs:

• Mastodinon;
• Klimadinon;
• Klimakt-Hel;
• Cyclodynon.

In the treatment of mastopathy, it is also important to eliminate the causes of hormonal and endocrine dysfunctions, which can be done using such pharmacological preparations.

They are the following:

• sedative drugs;
• hepatoprotectors;
• diuretics;
• anesthetics.

vitamins

Biologically active substances-nutrients have not only a general strengthening effect on female body, but also restore immunity, increase resistance to diseases, stress, infections and inflammations, normalize metabolic and endocrine processes in cells and tissues.

In the treatment of mastopathy are used:

• B vitamins (pyridoxine, folic acid);
• vitamin E (tocopherol);
• vitamin A;
• vitamins of the PP group;
• vitamin C.

Iodine preparations

Doctors consider iodine-based preparations to be effective in the fight for the health of the mammary glands.

Most popular:

• Klamin(protects the liver, removes harmful substances, toxins, salts of heavy metals from the body, has an immunomodulatory effect);
• Potassium iodide(in microdoses to suppress the release of thyroid hormones);
• Iodomarin(activates autoimmune mechanisms).

Surgery

Fibrocystic mastopathy of the breast may not respond to drug treatment. Then questions about what it is and how to treat it are asked by women who have already despaired of getting rid of the pathology. In the case when lumps in the breast pose a serious danger to the life of the patient, a decision may be made to get rid of the cyst surgically.

Indications for this type of treatment are:

• the rapid growth of the tumor, its cells, which indicates a probable oncological lesion of the mammary glands;
• if drug therapy does not improve the patient's condition.

Under surgical treatment refers to the removal of either a specific seal, or resection, that is, amputation of the entire breast.

Alternative treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy

You can cure the pathology and remove its unpleasant manifestations using the recipes of traditional medicine.

So, for the treatment of mastopathy, it is advised:

Herbal treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy

Phytotherapy for mastopathy is aimed mainly at harmonizing the emotional state of a woman, removing the state of nervous overexcitation and stress. In alternative medicine, decoctions of soothing herbs are used: valerian, motherwort, peppermint, peony, St. John's wort.

The most simple, but effective are the following recipes:

1. Mix in equal proportions dried chopped nettle, chamomile and motherwort, add St. John's wort and valerian root. 1 st. l. sedative mixture is poured with a liter of boiling water and insisted for a quarter of a day. You need to drink 1/3 cup before meals three times a day.
2. 2 tsp mix with motherwort and yarrow (1 tsp each), pour 500 ml of hot, but not boiling, liquid and let it brew for 1-2 hours. Take 1 glass per day.

Nutrition rules

The course of fibrocystic mastopathy can alleviate proper nutrition combined with traditional treatment.

Doctors advise:

• refuse fried, spicy, smoked foods;
• avoid foods containing sugar, including chocolate;
• refrain from drinking drinks with a high content of caffeine;
• put a ban on alcohol;
• consume more dairy products, seasonal vegetables and fruits, lean fish and birds;
• increase your fiber intake.

• fish fat;
• flax oil;
• black cumin oil.

Massage for fibrocystic mastopathy

Self-massage or massage of the mammary glands by another person is possible in the initial stages of the disease, when the pain from touching the chest is not so strong.

It is only possible if:

• the diagnosis of a cancerous neoplasm in the breast has not been confirmed;
• missing allergic reactions;
• normal body temperature is maintained;
• No inflammatory processes and mechanical damage to the skin of the glands.

Massaging the mammary glands will have such an effect on the female body:

• normalizes the balance of hormones;
• stimulates the production of natural elements - collagen and elastin;
• normalizes the processes occurring in the nervous system;
• improves the work of sweat glands, secretion secretion mechanisms;
• stabilizes the emotional background.

There are such techniques of breast massage:

Using the right underwear

It is important to choose the right underwear that fits the woman in size and shape, does not tighten anywhere, does not pinch or pull on the mammary glands. Preference should be given to natural fabrics and a comfortable bra cup that completely captures the chest without squeezing it.

Faced with such a common disease as fibrocystic mastopathy of the breast, the most common questions that patients turn to a mammologist and gynecologist with are: what is it and how to treat it.

During the detected pathology, compliance with all recommendations and the correct selection medicines- the key to recovery and a full life of a woman at any age.

Article formatting: Lozinsky Oleg

Video about fibrocystic mastopathy of the breast

Live healthy! Mastopathy:

Causes and treatment of mastopathy:

Mastopathy is a disease in which small seals, strands, nodules and cysts or large and dense formations form in the mammary glands. One of the types of pathology is fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary gland, what is it and how to treat the pathology?

The disease fibrocystic mastopathy is a condition in which mammary glands cysts appear in the form of small multiple nodules formed by overgrown connective tissue and fluid. In most cases, it refers to mixed type diffuse mastopathy, ICD code 10 - 60.1.

The disease is benign, but in the later stages and during the transition to a nodular form, atypical cells can form in the tissues, leading to breast cancer.

With fibrocystic mastopathy (abbr. FCM), areas with dense connective tissue appear in the mammary glands. They fill with fluid and develop into cysts.

• Pathology is common among women from 30 years to reaching menopause. During and after the risk of disease is markedly reduced.

Symptoms of fibrocystic mastopathy

The first signs of fibrocystic mastopathy are expressed in the premenstrual period:

1. Painful sensations in the chest, arising spontaneously or when touched, they intensify in the second half of the cycle.
2. The appearance of seals and granular formations that are detected by palpation.

In the future, the pain becomes stronger, is constantly present, accompanied by a feeling of fullness, weight and radiates - gives to the shoulder, hypochondrium, axillary region. In the later stages of fibrocystic mastopathy, the symptoms are pronounced and its manifestations no longer depend on the period of the menstrual cycle.

Sometimes a yellowish, grayish or white-green secretion is secreted from the nipples, or resembles colostrum. The liquid may have a bloody tint - an alarm, as it often indicates the presence.

A minority of women do not feel severe pain in the mammary glands or encounters it only during PMS and menstruation, regarding it as the norm. In such cases, regular self-diagnosis, chest palpation is especially important.

Fibrocystic breast disease is caused by an imbalance of hormones when progesterone levels are low and estrogen and prolactin levels are high. The following reasons may lead to this:

• Early onset of menstruation;
• Late menopause;
• Short lactation or its absence;
• Artificial termination of pregnancy - abortions are accompanied by sharp changes in hormonal activity;
• Metabolic disorders - diabetes, obesity;
• Absence of pregnancy and childbirth, infertility;
• Liver disease;
• Endocrine pathologies, especially hypothyroidism;
• Late first birth;
• Inflammatory and other diseases of the urogenital area;
• wrong choice and uncontrolled reception hormonal drugs especially oral contraception.

Additional provocateurs include bad habits, strict diets, constant stress in a woman's life.

Fibrocystic mastopathy is more often diffuse. In the tissues of the breast, connective (fibrous) tissue forms several or many small nodules filled with fluid.

If some of them increase significantly in size, forming dense large cysts or nodes, they speak of the transition of diffuse fibrocystic mastopathy to a nodular form.

However, the formation of single fibrocystic nodes or a small number of them is not always preceded by diffuse type- sometimes nodal FCM develops independently.

Diagnostics and examination methods

Fibrocystic mastopathy is detected during examination by a doctor. On palpation, compacted tubercles are found in the tissues of the mammary glands. They can be multiple or just a few individual formations.

To confirm the diagnosis, the following examination methods are used:

• Ultrasound - reveals the presence, size, contents and composition of the walls of cysts, excludes other pathologies.
• Mammography - accurately determines the form of mastopathy and the presence of a cancerous tumor.
• Puncture or biopsy of the cyst with further study of the material taken.
• An analysis of the fluid secreted from the nipple is needed to differential diagnosis with other breast diseases.
• Diaphanoscopy is a method of transillumination of the mammary glands.

To detect fibrocystic mastopathy in the early stages of development, regular self-examination and a visit to the mammologist at least once a year are important.

Treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy, drugs

FCM therapy is aimed at stabilizing the hormonal background and eliminating provoking factors - treatment of diseases of the sexual and endocrine systems, stressful situations are excluded, a diet, physiotherapy and medications are prescribed.

To medicines treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy include drugs:

• antiestrogens (Tamoxifen, Fareston, Toremifene);
• agents that reduce the level of prolactin (Bromocriptine);
• gestagens (Pregnin, Orgametril, Norkolut);
• androgens - used as estrogen antagonists (Danazol);
• oral contraceptive preparations (Silest, Mercilon);
• thyroid hormones.

From non-hormonal drugs for treatment are shown:

• vitamins (A, E, C and group B);
• potassium iodide, Iodomarin;
• adaptogens to maintain immunity (Rhodiola extract, Klamin);
• sedatives;
• sparing diuretics to relieve puffiness (tea from rose hips and herbs);
• painkillers, NVPS.

Part of the estrogen is excreted in the bile, but constipation and a violation of the microflora lead to the reabsorption of this hormone, that is, reabsorption into the blood. Therefore, the attending physician may prescribe enzymatic agents to normalize bowel function - Wobenzym, Dufalac or others.

Homeopathic remedies containing extracts and plant extracts help to reduce the level of prolactin and the activity of formation of connective tissue elements. These are Remens, Cyclodinon, Mastodinon.

Diet

During treatment, it is important to adhere to the rules of nutrition. The diet for fibrocystic mastopathy includes the rejection of coffee, tea, cocoa, cola and other carbonated drinks, chocolate.

Animal fats, bakery products, sweets, spicy and salty dishes are subject to strict restrictions.

For good bowel function, the diet should contain a lot of vegetable fiber, therefore fruits and vegetables, buckwheat, and legumes are useful. The menu should include oatmeal and other cereals, whole grain bread, nuts. Every day it is important to drink up to 2 liters of pure water.

Forecast

With proper diagnosis and treatment, the outcome of fibrocystic mastopathy is favorable. But, despite the initial good quality, even small cysts able to grow, move into a nodular form and a cancerous tumor.

Therefore, a favorable prognosis occurs only in the case of adequate therapy.

Prevention

A number of preventive measures help to reduce the risk of developing fibrocystic mastopathy:

• detection and treatment of diseases of the genitourinary and endocrine spheres;
• tracking the stability of the menstrual cycle and its adjustment;
• examination of the state of the thyroid gland;
• the correct selection of the size of the bra, the exclusion of squeezing and injury to the chest;
• regularity of sexual life;
• refusal of abortions;
• full lactation;
• exclusion of bad habits;
• professional selection of contraceptives.

Reveal mastopathy on early stages allows visiting a mammologist 1-2 times a year and self-examination of the mammary glands to detect seals.

Mastopathy - common name large group of benign pathological changes in the tissues of the mammary glands (MG).

A number of diseases with a wide range of hyperplastic, proliferative and regressive changes in the breast are united by the concept of fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary glands.

The treatment of diffuse forms of FCM does not lose its relevance and remains a matter of debate.

Fibrocystic mastopathy (FCM)
Benign diseases of the mammary glands
Benign breast dysplasia
Dishormonal hyperplasia of the mammary glands
fibrocystic disease
Fibroadenomatosis

Causes of fibrocystic mastopathy

All processes of development and growth of mammary gland tissues are hormonally determined.

How do hormones affect the mammary glands?

Estrogens - stimulates the proliferative growth of the parenchyma (epithelium of the glands and ducts) and, to a lesser extent, the stroma of the breast.

Progesterone - counteracts the processes of proliferation, inhibits the mitotic activity of cells. This hormone provides structural differentiation of glandular tissue: alveoli, lobules.

Prolactin - stimulates the secretory activity of lactocytes (milk production in breast lobules). Prolactin increases the number of estrogen receptors in breast tissues and indirectly enhances the proliferative effect of estrogens on breast tissues.

STG ( growth hormone) - regulates the development and growth of the breast.

• Thyroid hormones.
• Hormones of the adrenal cortex.
• Insulin.

Any imbalance of these hormones can lead to mastopathy.

The decisive role in the development of FCM is played by:

Excessive influence of estrogens on breast tissues disrupts the functioning of the receptor apparatus, causes proliferative growth of the epithelium of the lobular alveoli and ducts. This leads to the formation of cysts, intraductal papillomas, cystadenopapillomas of the breast.

It is accompanied by edema and hypertrophy of the intralobular tissue - hyperplasia of the breast lobules.

The lack of progesterone indirectly increases the sensitivity of estrogen receptors and increases the local level of estrogens in the tissues of the breast.

The complex mechanism of regulation of hormonal balance in the body is not fully understood. The central nervous system plays an important role in this process.

What contributes to the development of FCM:

• genetic predisposition.
• neuroendocrine disorders.

• Diseases of the hypothalamic-pituitary system.
• Diseases of the thyroid gland.
• Diabetes.
• Obesity, hyperlipidemia.
• Diseases of the liver and biliary tract.
• Age over 35-40 years.
• abortion.
• Prolonged mental stress, stress.
• Pregnancy and childbirth.
• Late first pregnancy.
• Short period or no breastfeeding.
• Early sexual development (menarche at the age of years) menopause.
• Gynecological diseases.
• Inflammatory diseases of the mammary glands.

Fibrocystic mastopathy ICD-10 code

ICD-10 - International classification diseases of the tenth revision, approved by WHO.

• N60 Benign dysplasia of breast

• N60.1 Diffuse cystic mastopathy without epithelial proliferation.
• N60.2 Fibroadenosis of mammary gland.
• N60.3 Fibrosclerosis of mammary gland.
• N60.3 Cystic mastopathy with epithelial proliferation.
• N60.8 Other benign breast hyperplasia
• N60.9 Dysplasia of mammary glands, unspecified
• N64.4 Mastodynia.

• N60.0 Breast cyst.
• D24 Benign neoplasm of the mammary gland. (Fibroadenoma of the breast, etc.)

Symptoms of fibrocystic mastopathy

Mastodynia - premenstrual edema of the breast: a feeling of enlargement, tension, engorgement of the breast.

• Pain in the mammary gland.
• The pain can be given to the shoulder, shoulder blade, armpit.
• Sometimes: an increase in axillary lymph nodes.
• Sometimes: discharge from the nipple (yellowish, greenish, brown-green).

FCM diagnostics

On examination, evaluate:
- the size of the breast (increased, reduced);
- the shape of the nipple (bulging, retraction);
- condition of the skin of the breast (redness, swelling, "lemon peel");
- nodular seals in the breast, their size, mobility, consistency;
- the nature of the discharge (if any) from the nipples.

Highly informative diagnostic study of the breast for young (up to 35 years old) women.
It is carried out in the first phase of the menstrual cycle.
With benign fibrocystic mastopathy, ultrasound of the breast reveals areas of different brightness. Conglomerates of white spots are characteristic of malignant processes in the breast.

A simple and fairly informative method for the differential diagnosis of FCM. It is based on the registration of the temperature of the MF by a special device.
The temperature of the skin area over a benign formation is slightly increased compared to the temperature of the skin over a healthy area of ​​the breast (“cold” node).
A pronounced increase in temperature (“hot” node) indicates the possibility of a malignant process in the breast.

X-ray examination of the breast is especially important for women over 35 years of age.
Mammography is done in the first phase of the menstrual cycle (preferably immediately after the end of menstruation) in two projections.

The study is carried out in a hospital.
Indications for ductography:
- Discharge from the ducts of the breast.
- Intraductal papillomas.
- Breast cysts.
— Topical diagnostics of the pathological process in the breast.

The method is based on the property of radioactive phosphorus 32 P to accumulate in pathologically altered areas of the breast. The greatest accumulation and the least excretion of 32 R are observed in the tissues of a cancerous tumor.

with fine needle aspiration (for differential diagnosis various forms FKM) followed by cytological examination aspirate.

Can fibrocystic mastopathy be cured?

It is possible if the tactics of treating FCM is general, and not isolated (symptomatic) in nature.

Individual treatment of mastopathy should be carried out after a thorough laboratory and instrumental examination of the patient and provide for a competent correction of her hormonal, mental and psychological status.

For a successful result of FCM treatment, the cooperation of specialists is necessary: ​​a mammologist-oncologist, a gynecologist, an endocrinologist, a neurologist, a psychotherapist, and a surgeon.

There is no single algorithm for the treatment of diffuse fibrocystic mastopathy.

Large, growing (proliferating) nodular (fibroadenomas, cysts, papillomas) forms of FCM are treated promptly with mandatory histological examination removed tissue. Diffuse mastopathy is treated conservatively.

Non-hormonal therapy for diffuse fibrocystic mastopathy

activate the function of the thyroid gland and indirectly reduce the proliferative activity of tissues, promote the resorption of cystic elements in the breast.

1.1 Potassium iodide 0.25% solution: 1 tbsp. spoon 3 times a day after meals (drink with milk), excluding the days of menstruation. Course of treatment: up to 6-12 months.

1.2 "Klamin" - plant adaptogen, produced from brown algae (iodine content per 1 tablet: 50 mcg). Recommended intake: 1 tab. 3 times a day in an individual course.

- appoints a neurologist to achieve the psycho-emotional comfort of the patient.

Limit: animal fats, meat products, chocolate, tea, coffee, cocoa, cola, alcohol, table salt, refined sugars.
Increase: fiber content in the diet, fresh vegetables, fruits.

• Vitamin A

It has an antiestrogenic effect, reduces the proliferation of the epithelium and stroma of the breast.
Recommended intake: 50,000 IU per day, individual course.

• Vitamin E

• Vitamin B 6

Improves performance nervous system. Indirectly reduces the level of prolactin in the blood.
Recommended intake: 10-40 mg per day, individual course.

• Vitamins C and P

Improve microcirculation. Strengthen the walls of blood vessels, reduce swelling.
Combined drug "Ascorutin" 1 tablet 2-3 times a day in an individual course.

"Wobenzym", "Serta", "Alfetin", etc. (the frequency of taking the drug and the duration of the course of treatment is prescribed by the doctor).

Pharmacy herbal preparations "For the treatment of mastopathy"
taken in the second phase of the menstrual cycle for 3-6 months or more.

• Plant antioxidant, immunomodulator "Fitolon".

The drug contains copper derivatives of chlorophyll. For a better resolving effect, it is prescribed in combination with herbal preparations: inside in the form of drops, tablets or locally in the form of oil applications on the breast (a doctor's consultation is required).

7.1 "Mastodinon" - combined herbal remedy for the treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy.
Recommended intake: 30 drops 2 times a day; or 1 tablet 2 times a day. The course of treatment is 3 or more months.

7.2 "Mastopol" - a drug for the treatment of mastopathy in the reproductive period.
Recommended intake: 1 tablet under the tongue 3 times a day for 8 weeks.

7.3 "Remens" - drug complex therapy FKM. Contributes to the normalization of hormonal balance, improves microcirculation and the functioning of the pituitary-hypothalamic-ovarian system,
Recommended intake: 10-15 drops 3 times a day. Individual course.

7.4 "Cyclodinone" - a preparation based on the extract of the rod. Normalizes the balance of female sex hormones, reduces the level of prolactin in the blood.
Recommended intake: 40 drops in the morning. For a long time.

"Indinol" - herbal and mineral remedy for complex treatment and prevention of FCM.
Recommended intake: 1 capsule per day; course: 2-3 weeks.

Hormonal therapy for diffuse fibrocystic mastopathy

Hormonal treatment FCM is carried out individually, with a gynecologist, depending on age, presence and nature of gynecological pathology. The regimen and duration of therapy is prescribed by the doctor (all drugs have contraindications and side effects).

They are used in the 2nd phase (from 16 to 25 days, or from 14 to 28 days) of the menstrual cycle.
Primoliut, Norkolut, Provera, Dufaston, Utrozhestan, etc.

"Progestogel 1%" gel (natural micronized progesterone) - 1 dose of the drug is applied to the skin of the mammary glands 1 time per day.
Increases the local concentration of progesterone in the tissues of the breast, practically does not affect the level of progesterone in the general bloodstream.

Depo Provera (medroxyprogesterone) is a long-acting drug administered intramuscularly once every 3 months.
"Norethindrone-enanthate" (NET-EN) - is administered intramuscularly 1 time in 2 months.

"Norplant" (levonorgestrel) - capsules with the drug are sewn under the skin.

Individual therapy of fibrocystic mastopathy with combined oral contraceptives (estrogen content not more than 0.035 mg) gives a good therapeutic and prophylactic effect.
Rigevidon, Marvelon, Regulon, Mercilon, Femoden, Logest, Silest, Novinet, etc.

"Tamoxifen" at a dose of 10-20 microns / day, 3-6 months.
The drug stimulates ovulation, barrier contraception is recommended during the treatment period. It is not used for the treatment of cyclic mastopathy.

Treatment with these drugs is indicated mainly for older women (45 years or more):
Danazol (Danone), Methyltestosterone, Testobrom-lecid,
Sustanon-250, etc.

Dostinex (cabergoline), Parlodel (bromkriptin) - drugs inhibit the secretion of prolactin and growth hormone within a few hours after administration. Effective in the treatment of cyclic fibrocystic mastopathy, as well as FCM associated with organic / functional hyperprolactinemia.

They are used as injections after 45 years of age with a combination of FKM with uterine myoma, endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia.
Zoladex (gazerelin), Lucrin-depot (leuprorelin), Buserelin, Diferelin, Sinarel, etc.

Treatment of mastodynia

Treatment of premenstrual edema of the breast is carried out from the 16th to the 25th day of the menstrual cycle, along with PMS therapy under the supervision of a physician.

For pain in the breast: NSAIDs (ibuprofen, indomethacin, nimesulide, etc.) - 1 tablet (capsule, sachet) 2-3 times a day.
Diuretic means (to relieve tension and edema of the breast):
Furosemide: 0.02-0.04 g 1 time per day in the morning.
Hypothiazid: 0.05 g 1-2 times a day.

Fibrocystic mastopathy - consequences

FCM is a benign disease. But against the background of mastopathy, breast cancer develops more often. The danger of malignancy (degeneration into cancer) is represented by atypical and proliferative forms of FCM.

Cases of mastopathy with severe pain syndrome (permanent, cyclic), with changes in the breast that are obvious on palpation, with discharge from the nipple, require consultation with a mammologist-oncologist.

Proper treatment of FCM will improve the quality of life of the patient and minimize the risk of developing breast cancer.

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The most common benign breast disease in women is fibrocystic mastopathy. Treatment with folk remedies for this pathology is carried out both together with drug therapy, and as a mono- and prophylactic treatment.

The mammary glands (MG) are highly sensitive to the action of sex steroids. hormonal imbalance, hyperinfluence of estrogens and prolactin on breast tissue leads to benign breast dysplasia - mastopathy.

Hyperestrogenia- increased production of estrogen in the body - causes:

proliferative growth (increased cell reproduction) of the epithelium of the glands and ducts of the breast;

the formation of fibrosis and cysts against the background of pathological growth of the breast parenchyma;

The long-term effect of estrogens on altered tissues increases the risk of malignancy of the process, the development of breast cancer.

Hyperprolactinemia- a pathological increase in prolactin in the blood - accompanied by:

• tension, soreness of the breast;
• swelling, an increase in the volume of the breast;
• galactorrhea - the release of colostrum or milk from the mammary glands, not associated with breastfeeding;
• menstrual irregularities, estrogen.

The cause of functional hyperprolactinemia can be:

• Hypothyroidism is a decrease in thyroid function.
• Diseases of the liver, stagnation of bile.
• Diseases of the ovaries.

General principles for the treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy (FCM):

• Elimination of hyperestrogenism: the fight against excess weight, diseases of the liver and biliary tract, constipation.
• Normalization of the central nervous system, gonadotropic function of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland.
• Fight stress.
• Regulation of the hormonal balance "estrogens - progesterone - prolactin":

normalization of ovarian function, treatment of menstrual disorders, gynecological, endocrine, metabolic diseases, PMS, pathological menopause.

• Strengthening immunity.

Treatment of foci chronic infection, inflammation, distorting the work of the hormonal-receptor apparatus of breast tissue.

Is it possible to get rid of excess estrogen, improve hormonal levels and cure fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary glands with folk remedies? In some cases - Yes!

Cabbage - folk remedy number 1 for the treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy

Vitamin complex cabbage - C, P, B1, B6, K, D, carotenes - improves microcirculation in breast tissues, inhibits inflammation, positively affects metabolism, immunity and hormonal levels.

A large amount of fiber in cabbage - binds, adsorbs estrogens in the intestines, stimulates peristalsis. The revival of the motor-evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract accelerates the deactivation of estrogens in the liver, favorably affects the intestinal flora, improves the immune and hormonal status.

Vitamin U, which is part of cabbage, is involved in the metabolism of thiamine and choline, improves estrogen-binding liver function. The positive effect of cabbage juice on estrogen metabolism has been clinically proven.

In the cabbage in large numbers contains indole-3-carbinol.

This bioactive substance is a powerful antioxidant, a stimulant of estrogen deactivation. Indole-3-carbinol reduces the sensitivity of breast tissues to the action of sex hormones, and has antitumor activity.

"Cabbage" indole is part of pharmaceutical dietary supplements recommended for the treatment of FCM, PMS and menopause.

• In raw food ≈400 g per day.

Freshly squeezed cabbage juice: ½ cup 2-3 times a day, warm, 30 minutes before meals.

1. Cabbage leaf knead or beat off with a rolling pin, hammer.

2. Apply to the mammary glands.

If there is no allergy to bee products: apply natural honey to the breast, then cabbage leaf.

3. Fix the compress with cling film, put on a bra.

With mastodynia (not to be confused with mastitis) and mastopathy, cabbage compress anesthetizes, softens and dissolves fibrocystic seals.

Mastodynia - premenstrual edema and painful breast engorgement - the first stage of fibrocystic mastopathy.

Mastitis is a microbial inflammation of the breast tissue. Treated with antibiotics.

Treatment of mastopathy with magnesia

Magnesium sulfate(magnesium sulfate) - a popularly tested remedy for the treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy.

When taken orally, magnesia stimulates the excretion of bile and estrogens into the intestines, weakens.

For treatment, it is convenient to take a ready-made solution of magnesia (for injection):
Magnesium sulfate 25% (10 ml) in ampoules or solution
Magnesia sulfate 25-50% in vials.

1 tablespoon of a solution of magnesia 25% (contents of 1-2 ampoules) is taken orally warm before meals 3 times a day for a course of 1 month.

For more effective resorption of fibrocystic seals and pain relief in the breast, you can alternate compresses with cabbage and compresses with magnesia.

1. Plentifully moisten cotton wool with a warm solution of magnesia 25-50%.
2. Attach to the mammary gland.
3. Secure the damp cotton with cling film. Wear a bra with padded cups. Wears 6-12 hours.

With fibrocystic mastopathy folk methods treatments are best combined with each other: cabbage + magnesia + seaweed.

Treatment of mastopathy with seaweed

Sea kale (Laminaria saccharina) is a brown algae. In the East, the people have been using it to treat various female ailments for many centuries.

Laminaria thallus contains:

• laminarin

It has antitumor activity (reduces the number of mitoses in cells), inhibits the proliferative growth of glandular tissue and ductal epithelium of the breast.

• Diiodotyrosine, iodides in large quantities

Iodine is part of the thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones accelerate tissue oxidation and promote the resorption of fibrocystic nodules in breast tissues.

• Manganese

It is necessary for the normal functioning of the central nervous system, the gonadotropic function of the hypothalamus-pituitary gland system.

Mannitol, alginic acid, vitamins B1, B2, B12, D, C, carotenoids, copper, silver, cobalt, boron…

Healing bioactive "cocktail" of kelp!

Seaweed powder: ½ teaspoon at night (drink with water). The course is 15-30 days. Ready-made powder (crushed thallus) of kelp is sold in a pharmacy.

Attention!
Seaweed is contraindicated in nephritis and diseases that preclude the use of iodine preparations.

Flaxseed and linseed oil

Successfully used by the people for the treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy.

Active ingredients of flax seeds: vitamin complex, enzymes, mucus, lignans, unsaturated fatty acid.

• Isoflavins, lignans

Competitively bind to estrogen receptors, inhibit their action on breast tissue, and normalize local hormonal levels. There are many of these substances in the mucus of flax seeds.

• Slime

They improve the work of the gastrointestinal tract, bind and remove toxins, hormones, soften the stool, facilitate defecation.

one . Pour flaxseed with hot boiled water in a ratio of 1:30 (1 part of seeds to 30 parts of water).
2. Shake the seeds in water with a spoon for 15 minutes. Strain, squeeze.
3 . Take 1/4 cup of freshly prepared mucus 30 minutes before meals, 3 times a day, for 2-3 weeks. The break between repeated courses is 7 days.

• Flaxseed oil is rich in vitamin E.

This vitamin enhances the effect of progesterone on the breast, inhibits the growth of glandular tissue, and prevents cyst formation in the breast.

Unsaturated fatty acids Omega-3 and Omega-6 are found in linseed oil in the optimal ratio.

They play an important role in fat metabolism, improve liver function, and accelerate the utilization of estrogens. The complex of omega acids affects the synthesis of prostaglandins, suppresses inflammation in the tissues of the breast.

To soften fibrous seals, it is useful to use soft massage movements rub linseed oil into the skin of the MF.

Phytotherapy

successfully used for the correction and prevention of diffuse fibrocystic mastopathy. Folk methods of treating FKM with herbs are approved by official medicine.

Herbal preparations for the treatment of mastopathy in overweight women

Very often, to eliminate mastopathy, a woman just needs to lose weight.

It has been proven that visceral fat independently produces sex hormones.

Breast fat cells actively capture and accumulate sex hormones. With obesity, the local level of estrogen in the tissues of the breast is sharply increased. This increases the risk of FCM malignancy.

Obesity increases the risk of developing breast cancer tenfold.

Diuretic, laxative.
Improves digestion and metabolism.

Buckthorn bark - 3 tablespoons
Dandelion root - 1 tbsp. l.
Parsley seeds - 1 tbsp. l.
Fennel seeds - 1 tbsp. l.
Peppermint - 1 tbsp. l.

Mix all. 2 tbsp. l. mixture pour 250 ml of boiling water, insist in a water bath for 15 minutes. Cool down. Strain. Take 1-2 glasses in the first half of the day for 3 or more weeks.

Stimulates metabolism. Removes swelling and inflammation in the tissues of the breast.

Fennel seeds - 1 tbsp. l.
Chamomile flowers - 1 tbsp. l.
Linden blossom - 1 tbsp. l.
Black elderberry flowers - 2 tbsp. l.
Peppermint leaves - 2 tbsp. l.

Make an infusion (see Collection No. 1)
Take 2 glasses a day. Course: 8-10 weeks.

Diuretic.
Relieves pain and swelling in the breast.

Birch leaves - 1 teaspoon
Leaves coltsfoot - 1 tsp.
Blackberry leaves - 2 tbsp. l.

Take the infusion in the morning and at lunch, 1 glass a week before menstruation.

To reduce appetite, stagnation of bile, prevention of obesity in mastopathy.

• Corn silk - 2-3 tbsp. l.

Pour 250 ml of boiling water. Insist on a water bath for 30 minutes. Cool, strain. Take 1 tbsp. l. 5-6 times a day before meals.

You can use ready pharmacy drug:

• Corn silk extract.

30-40 drops 2-3 times a day before meals.

To improve the metabolism of adipose and connective tissue, the resorption of fibrous seals, the regulation of hormonal levels, the prevention of PMS and mastodynia:
(after consulting a doctor):

Vitamin B6 - pyridoxine hydrochloride 5%, 1 ml solution 1 time per day, intramuscularly, up to 3-4 weeks.

Vitamin C - ascorbic acid 5%, 2 ml solution intramuscularly, 1 time per day, up to 3 weeks.

Radiation of fibrocystic mastopathy with a rod

• Prutnyak ordinary

Synonyms:
Vitex sacred (common)
monk pepper
abraham tree

Prutnyak is a southern shrub. For cooking dosage forms all parts of the plant are used, except for the roots.

Prutnyak contains a number of specific and non-specific bioactive substances. It affects the gonadotropic function of the central nervous system, enhances the action of dopamine and reduces the secretion of prolactin into the blood.

Prutnyak medicines are used to treat gynecological diseases associated with a violation of the hormonal status, such as:
- PMS, mastodynia;
- Fibrocystic mastopathy with pain syndrome;
- Amenorrhea, scanty menstruation, anovulatory menstrual cycle, irregular cycle;
- Hyperprolactinemia, infertility.

Attention!
When treating with a rod, allergic reactions, nausea, headache, agitation and other manifestations of individual intolerance are possible. It should not be taken by pregnant and lactating mothers.

Prutnyak fruit tincture

• What do you need?

Prutnyak fruits - 50 g
Ethyl alcohol 70-96% - 500 ml

• What to do?

Crush the fruits in a mortar, pour alcohol. Insist in a dark place for 2 weeks (shake). Strain the finished tincture. Store in the dark.

• How to use?

In the morning, 40 drops, 1 time per day before meals, a continuous course of 3 months.

A decoction of prutnyak

• What do you need?

Dry crushed raw rod (leaves, stems, flowers, fruits) - 15 g
Water (boiling water) - 250 ml.

• What to do?

Pour the raw materials, heat in a water bath for 30 minutes.
Cool, strain. Keep refrigerated.

• How to use?

In the first half of the day, 1 teaspoon 2-3 times a day before meals, at regular intervals, in a continuous course of 3 months.

Prutnyak-based pharmaceutical products:
Cyclodinone
Agnucaston

Mastodinon

- in the development of this remedy, folk methods for the treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy of the indigenous people of North America and the experience of homeopathic healers were used.

Plants included in the pharmacy preparation: Female root (cornflower-like cobalt), Cyclamen, Chilibukha, Iris, Tiger Lily, Abraham's tree (prutnyak). These plants are inaccessible and/or poisonous. Making infusions from them at home is dangerous.

Mastodinone regulates the level of prolactin and estrogen in the blood, relieves pain, swelling, breast engorgement, eliminates other symptoms of fibrocystic mastopathy. The drug (tablets, drops) should be used strictly according to the instructions attached to it.

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