Ureaplasma parvum: characteristics, tests, symptoms in women and men, what is dangerous, whether it needs to be treated. Ureaplasma, determination of DNA (Ureaplasma parvum, DNA) in the scraping of epithelial cells of the urogenital tract The amount of DNA ureaplasma parvum what is the norm

With an increase in the concentration of the microorganism in the structures of the urogenital tract, inflammatory processes.

Women may experience:

• urethritis;
• vaginitis;
• vulvovaginitis;
• bartholinitis;
• colpitis;
• endometritis;

These diseases are accompanied painful sensations and discomfort during sex and urination. Discharges appear.

In men, excess ureaplasma parvum can cause urethritis, prostatitis, orchitis. Although this rarely happens, such cases have been documented.

With an increase in the norm of ureaplasma parvum, there is no opportunity to have sex. There are several reasons for this.

Firstly, it is unpleasant, because the inflamed genitals hurt. Secondly, with an increase in the rate of ureaplasma parvum, infection of the partner is very likely. When signs of an inflammatory process appear, both spouses should be examined. If, according to PCR, the quantitative norm of ureaplasma parvum is increased, it is better not to have sexual intercourse. Or, as a last resort, a condom should be used. It usually protects against infection.

If ureaplasma parvum is observed in the spouse and the norm is exceeded in the other, both partners should be treated.

Ureaplasma parvum is normal - does it exist?

Accepted standards exist. However, many doctors do not agree with them, because the norm of ureaplasma parvum is variable in human body under external influences. This means that today the analysis shows a negative result, and the person is healthy according to them. But tomorrow everything can change, and the population of microorganisms is increasing.

It is believed that indications for the treatment of ureaplasmosis are:

• an increase in concentration above 10 4 copies per sample (PCR) or CFU (tank sowing);
• the threat of termination of pregnancy;
• infertility;
• signs of inflammation of the urogenital tract.

But is it possible to focus on the norm of ureaplasma parvum, if it is constantly changing from external influences? Many venereologists believe that better treatment start even if there are no symptoms.

You should not wait until a woman has infertility or the threat of termination of pregnancy. It is better not to bring it to this and to be treated in time.

Ureaplasma parvum during pregnancy

The greatest danger is ureaplasma parvum in women during pregnancy. Often women ask if the norm of ureaplasma parvum can cause a miscarriage? Most likely, with a small concentration of the microorganism, pregnancy will proceed normally. But the problem is that in the first trimester there is a physiological immunodeficiency. It is necessary so that a genetically alien fetus is not rejected before the formation of the hematoplacental barrier. Therefore, the protection against infections is weakened. As a result, the rate of ureaplasma parvum during pregnancy increases.

The number of bacteria increases, which can cause:

• miscarriage (spontaneous abortion);
• the formation of malformations;
• complications during pregnancy;
• early childbirth;
• infection of the fetus during childbirth.

Therefore, it is important to be tested for ureaplasma parvum when planning pregnancy. If the microorganism is identified, you should undergo a course of therapy before conception. If necessary, treatment of ureaplasma parvum during pregnancy can be carried out. It is prescribed if the threat to the fetus outweighs the risks associated with prescribing drugs. Josamycin is the drug of choice.

Treat ureaplasma parvum during pregnancy

this antibiotic should be given for 10 days. By decision of the doctor, the course of therapy can be extended up to 14 days, which depends on the results of tests and instrumental studies. Assign josamycin 500 mg, 3 times a day.

After a course of therapy, control of cure is required. Evaluation is carried out first clinical symptoms. If they persist, these may indicate the ineffectiveness of the treatment. In this case, a second course with a change in the antibacterial drug may be required.

Laboratory control of cure is carried out one month after the completion of antibiotic therapy. The norm of ureaplasma parvum after treatment suggests that it was successful. If you need an examination for ureaplasmosis, please contact our clinic. We have highly qualified doctors who will diagnose and prescribe adequate treatment.

If you suspect ureaplasma, contact a competent venereologist.

Urinary tract infections are often caused by mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas. There are several types of them, but the most common are ureaplasma (Ureaplasma), Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma genitalium. Most often in smears taken from the urogenital tract, ureaplasma parvum and ureaplasma urealiticum are found. The clinical significance of these two species is still under active investigation.

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1. U. parvum

Parvum ureaplasmas (Ureaplasma parvum) belong to the Mollicutes family, they differ from ureaplasma urealiticum in antigenic and biochemical properties. Until recently, they were attributed to the same species and different biovars, now they are considered different types. They are the smallest free-living prokaryotes.

Until 1960, ureaplasma was sometimes referred to as a virus (due to passing through filters with the smallest diameter), then to bacteria that do not have a cell wall.

This is the simplest intracellular microorganism that differs from typical bacteria and viruses:

1. 1 No cell wall.
2. 2 Not detected by standard clinical and biological methods (not Gram-stained).
3. 3 Grown only on special nutrient media.
4. 4 Not susceptible to antibiotics acting on cell wall protein synthesis.

Until now, there have been discussions among specialists about the pathogenicity of Ureaplasma parvum.

To date, they are classified as opportunistic pathogens, since microorganisms are found in 20% of absolutely healthy adults and children on the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system.

Nevertheless, under the influence of adverse factors (concomitant infections of the genital tract, weakened immunity, chronic inflammatory diseases, stress, hormonal fluctuations), ureaplasma parvum is able to actively multiply and become the cause of the pathology of the urogenital tract. If it is present in the discharge of mucous membranes in in large numbers acute or chronic inflammation urinary organs.

In many cases, it is ureaplasma parvum that is responsible for the pronounced leukocyte infiltration in the focus of inflammation and leads to the development of urethritis, colpitis, cervicitis, pyelonephritis. In pregnant women, it causes pathological changes in the placenta, followed by the birth of small children (less than 3 kg).

Ureaplasma parvum exists at the expense of the host cell. Active breakdown of urea to ammonia maintains constant inflammation in the affected area. In addition, there are data confirming the destruction of immunoglobulin A by ureplasma, which is responsible for the immunological protection of the mucosa from infection.

Its role as a cause of inflammation in other organs is not entirely clear. Sometimes it is found quite by accident in the lower sections respiratory tract, it is also detected in inflammatory diseases of the membranes of the eye, in the joint fluid, which is separated from the nasopharynx of newborns.

There is evidence of the development of ureaplasmosis pneumonia, bronchitis, meningitis, bacteremia in infants. A significant decrease in immunity in children plays a large role in their occurrence. A close relationship was found between the occurrence of ureaplasma arthritis in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia.

The entry of ureaplasma into the blood was observed after kidney transplantation, injuries of the genitourinary organs and various manipulations on them. The infection can cause osteomyelitis (according to American experts) and lead to the formation of kidney stones due to proven urease activity.

2. Routes of transmission

The main mechanism of transmission of infection is sexual. Ureaplasma on the genitals is much more common in women than in men.

For the development of an infectious process great importance has not so much ureaplasma as the level of seeding of the mucosa (the higher it is, the greater the risk of developing an inflammatory process).

Asymptomatic carriage is widespread, when bacteria are found in smears and biological fluids by chance during examination for another disease (pyelonephritis, bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, gonococcal urethritis, routine examination).

Carriage is dangerous because in the presence of predisposing factors (pregnancy, fluctuations in hormones, decreased immunity, concomitant diseases), a ureaplasma infection may develop.

In second place is the vertical route of transmission of Ureaplasma parvum, that is, from mother to child during childbirth. Intrauterine infection of the fetus, which leads to dystrophic changes placenta, developmental delay (IUGR), the birth of children with low body weight (less than 3 kg), fading of pregnancy, miscarriages and other obstetric pathologies.

There is transmission of infection during transplantation of donor organs. The least likely household route of infection.

3. Symptoms

Ureaplasma parvum is characterized by long-term persistence in the epithelium of the mucous membranes of the urogenital tract of men and women, therefore clinical picture infection is characterized by symptoms of inflammation of the urinary tract.

In women, the infection is manifested by the following symptoms: itching or burning in the vagina, labia, light mucous discharge, irritating the genital tract, recurrent pain in the lower abdomen, sometimes dysuria may appear (burning and cramps during urination, frequent false and true urges) feeling of fullness in the bladder.

In almost 47% of cases, ureaplasma causes endocervicitis (inflammation of the cervix), which during colposcopy is manifested by abundant secretion, swelling of the mucosa, and hyperemia of the cervical canal.

All of these signs are nonspecific and can occur with other infections, so it is necessary to differentiate ureaplasmosis from other STIs.

Important! With ureaplasma infection, various anomalies are often found in the cervical region (leukoplakia, endocervix polyp, and others).

Experts have suggested that the appearance of the described pathological changes cervix due to chronic process and active proliferation of the mucosal epithelium.

Chronic ureaplasmosis is characterized by the appearance of persistent pelvic pain, impaired menstrual cycle, adhesive process in the fallopian tubes and, as a result, infertility and habitual miscarriage. But the involvement of ureaplasma parvum in such conditions has not yet been proven. Cases of postpartum complications have been reported in women with PCR-confirmed infection.

In men, urethritis is considered a common form of infection, which is manifested by the following symptoms:

1. 1 Small mucous discharge from the urethra.
2. 2 Pain, discomfort, cramps and burning during urination.
3. 3 Frequent urge to urinate.
4. 4 Pain in the abdomen, perineum, radiating to the testicles, rectum.
5. 5 Pain during intercourse.

In addition, in men with ureaplasmosis, the appearance of inflammatory changes in the testicles (orchitis), their appendages (epididymitis), and the prostate gland (prostatitis) is characteristic. Rarely, cystitis or pyelonephritis occurs.

Most often, the infection does not manifest itself in any way, does not affect sperm counts and does not lead to any complications or consequences for reproductive system. Symptoms of ureaplasmosis directly depend on the state of the immune system and the presence of provoking factors.

4. Diagnostic methods

The detection of parvum ureaplasma will depend not only on the correctness of taking the material with one or another instrument (plastic brushes are most suitable), but also on the method of its delivery to the laboratory, as well as adequate storage conditions.

The following biological material is being studied:

1. 1 Scraping from the cervical canal in women.
2. 2 Scraping from the urethra in men and women.
3. 3 Vaginal discharge.
4. 4 Urine (morning portion is most preferable).
5. 5 sperm.
6. 6 amniotic fluid.
7. 7 Samples from the nasopharynx, placenta and other biological fluids, if necessary.

4.1. Cultural research method

It is based on the sowing of the taken material (scraping) on ​​special nutrient media to determine the number of ureaplasmas and their sensitivity to antibiotics.

The method allows the laboratory assistant to determine not only the presence of microorganisms, but also to calculate the concentration of microbial cells, however, it is rarely used in practice. This is due to the difficulty of cultivating ureaplasma parvum.

4.2. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

This is a method of molecular analysis of ureaplasma DNA, which shows the presence of infection and allows you to differentiate between Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum, but does not calculate quantitative indicators, like the previous method.

The real-time PCR method is also successfully used to determine the number of nucleic acids (copies) in a sample.

A value of 10 to the 4th power of copies is considered the upper limit of normal, since smaller numbers can also be detected in healthy individuals. The detection of more than 10 to 4 copies is one of the indications for antibiotics.

Semi-quantitative PCR (semi-quantitative) is a slightly modified method of polymerase reaction with a quantitative measurement of microbial cells.

5. Treatment

As noted above, treatment tactics depend on clinical manifestations, the number of microorganisms in the sample (more than 10 to 4 copies of DNA), the presence of complications (including infertility), laboratory parameters, data from other examination methods (colposcopy, ultrasound of the pelvic organs, biopsy).

Be sure to conduct a course of treatment for sperm donors, infertility, miscarriage. Sexual partners are subject to mandatory treatment of ureaplasmosis if they have clinical symptoms.

Requirements for the etiotropic treatment of ureaplasma (taking antibiotics):

1. 1 The drug should be effective in 95% of cases or more.
2. 2 Low toxicity, lowest risk of side effects.
3. 3 High oral bioavailability.
4. 4 Safe use in pregnant women and infants.

Ureaplasmas are highly resistant to the following medicines: penicillins, cephalosporins, nalidixic acid preparations. They are most sensitive to antibiotics of the tetracycline group, macrolides, fluoroquinolones. The highest sensitivity was noted for josamycin (about 95%) and doxycycline (93-97%).

According to domestic clinical guidelines for the treatment of ureaplasmosis, it is necessary to use the following treatment regimens:

1. 1 Primary: Josamycin (Vilprafen) orally 500 mg 3 times a day for 10 days or Doxycycline (Unidox Solutab) orally 100 mg 2 times a day for 10 days.
2. 2 Alternative: Azithromycin (Sumamed, Zitrolide, Hemomycin) 500 mg on the first day, then another 4 days at 250 mg per day.
3. 3 Treatment of pregnant women: Josamycin 500 mg 3 times a day for 10 days.
4. 4 Therapy regimen for children weighing less than 45 kg: Josamycin 50 mg per kilogram of body weight, divided into 3 doses per day for 10 days. If necessary, the duration of the course can be extended up to 14 days.

Basic requirements for the treatment of the disease (criteria for cure):

1. 1 Elimination of clinical symptoms.
2. 2 Elimination of laboratory signs of an inflammatory reaction.

Important! The goal of therapy for ureaplasmosis is not the complete eradication of the pathogen Ureaplasma parvum.

Repeated analyzes (PCR and culture method) are carried out 4 weeks after the end of treatment. If the course of antibiotics is ineffective, the course of antibiotics is extended, or an alternative scheme from the above is prescribed. Other additional treatments folk remedies have no evidence base.

If ureaplasma parvum was found in the analyzes, few people know what it means. Positive result analysis scares people. They believe that the presence of pathogens in their body indicates developing pathology. But the presence in the body of ureaplasma parvum is not always an indication for the appointment of therapy. Microbes are detected in sick people, as well as in those who do not feel unwell. If the result of the study turned out to be positive, it is necessary to consult a doctor, even if the person has no signs of illness. The infection is able to proceed latently and provoke serious violations.

Ureaplasma infection was first isolated in 1954 by the American doctor Shepard in a patient with urethritis. He called it T-mycoplasmas, where the prefix "T" stands for tiny - "tiny". Ureaplasmas are the smallest representatives of mycoplasmas. In 1986, the causative agent of ureaplasma infection was classified by the Committee of Experts of the World Health Association as a causative agent of diseases that are sexually transmitted. However, there is no ureaplasmosis or ureaplasma infection in the ICD-10 (international list of diseases). The disease was not included either in 1989 when compiling the list, or in 1998 after its revision.

All ureaplasmas are divided into 2 types: ureaplasma parvum and ureaplasma urealyticum. In the vast majority of cases (81–87%), ureaplasma parvum is detected during examination.

Pathogenicity of ureaplasma infection

Until now, scientists have no consensus on the pathogenicity of ureaplasmas. Some consider microbes to be pathogens that cause:

Others believe that ureaplasma can be classified as a conditionally pathogenic microflora that is harmful only under certain conditions:

• decreased immunity;
• hormonal imbalance;
• the presence of other pathogens.

The latter are based on laboratory data, which indicate the widespread prevalence of ureaplasma infection:

A large number of people who are carriers of the infection makes many consider ureaplasmas a conditionally pathogenic infection.

How does the infection manifest itself?

When a ureaplasmic infection is detected, symptoms characteristic only of it (pathognomonic) are not detected, allowing the diagnosis of ureaplasmosis. The ailments of an infected person are characteristic of the disease that develops against the background of a ureaplasma infection. If a person does not have concomitant diseases, the infection may not manifest itself in any way.

Some researchers believe that ureaplasma infection manifests itself as. Women have abundant mucopurulent discharge from the vagina. They may show blood streaks. The mucous membrane of the urethra and vagina turns red and swells. Women suffer from itching and burning in the perineum, pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen. Ureaplasma infection causes minor intermenstrual bleeding.

In men, yellowish-green mucopurulent discharge comes from the urethra. The lips of its external opening turn red and swell. Sometimes there is a burning sensation or itching before the discharge appears.

Men and women experience pain during intercourse and urination. They may have difficulty urinating (dysuria), accompanied by the formation of an increased amount of urine (polyuria). The disease can cause:

• increase in body temperature;
• weakness;
• headache;
• dizziness.

Impact on reproductive function

Female infertility is often associated with inflammatory diseases genitals. They can be triggered by the activity of ureaplasma infection. Inflammatory processes cause changes in the structure of the fallopian tubes, which prevent the passage of the egg into the uterine cavity.

Uraeplasma infection can cause male infertility by triggering the mechanism of the inflammatory process in the genitals. Ureaplasma parvum and urealiticum can negatively affect. They accumulate on spermatozoa, change their mobility, morphology and chromosomal apparatus.

Some researchers argue that a pregnant woman infected with ureaplasma has a high risk of early termination of pregnancy and premature birth. The infection can cause inflammation of the membranes and death of the fetus. Babies born to infected mothers are often underweight.

Infection can cause a critically low birth weight of a newborn, leading to death. Microorganisms sometimes provoke in newborns:

• serious illnesses respiratory organs(pneumonia, dysplasia);
• bacteremia (penetration of infection into the blood);
• meningitis (inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord).

When is an analysis for ureaplasma prescribed?

The doctor prescribes research on ureaplasma if it is difficult for him to establish the cause chronic disease urinary system. Such an analysis may be required to differentiate diseases caused by sexually transmitted infections. Especially those that have similar symptoms:

• chlamydia;
• gonorrhea;
• mycoplasma infection.

Studies are prescribed to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment, as well as for preventive purposes. It is advisable to do an analysis for ureaplasmosis after casual sexual contact and when symptoms of diseases of the genitourinary system appear.

The presence of ureaplasma parvum DNA is of great importance for spouses who are planning a pregnancy. The study is assigned to a woman and a man. An analysis for ureaplasmosis is prescribed for women who cannot become pregnant or bear a child, in addition, after an ectopic pregnancy.

Diagnostic methods

To detect pathogens, 3 types of studies are used.

The serological research method is based on the detection of antibodies to the ureaplasma antigen in the patient's blood serum. Blood for analysis is taken from the cubital vein on an empty stomach. 3 types can be detected in the material: , IgA and IgM. Depending on the type of antibodies and their combination, the stage of development of the disease and the approximate time of infection are determined.

Class G antibodies indicate the presence of immunity to infection. Presence IgM antibodies characterized by primary infection. An exacerbation of a chronic disease is accompanied by an increase in the level of IgG or IgA. Negative test result (lack of IgG antibodies, IgA and IgM) indicates that the person is not familiar with the infection.

The serological method of research is ineffective on early stage infections. An immunological response develops in the body after 5–7 days. Until this moment, it will not be possible to detect antibodies in the blood.

One of the most effective is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. It makes it possible to detect an infection even if there is only one microorganism in the biological material. For suspected presence of ureaplasma, a scraping or smear from the cervix or urethra and urine are taken. During the study, a DNA segment is found in the material that meets the specified parameters. Then it is repeatedly copied to determine the causative agent of the disease. A positive ureaplasma parvum test result (polycol) indicates the presence of an infection.

Bacteriological examination may be performed to confirm the diagnosis. For culture, scrapings are taken from the vagina, urethra, and urine. Biological material is seeded on nutrient media and the increased colonies of microorganisms are examined. A diagnostically significant number of pathogens is a value of more than 10 to the 4th degree CFU / ml.

What research results show

If the causative agents of the disease could be detected by one of the methods, the person is infected.

If ureaplasma DNA is detected in a person who does not have symptoms of an inflammatory process in the organs of the genitourinary system, he is considered a carrier of the infection.

If during a bacteriological study high concentrations of pathogens were found, the patient is prescribed treatment.

How is the treatment

If ureaplasma parvum infection is laboratory confirmed, the doctor prescribes (, Medomycin). In addition, Clarithromycin (Klabaks,), Josamycin (), (Azitral,), Midecamycin () and Erythromycin (Erifluid) can be used. The doctor often doubles the first dose. The course of treatment is from 7 to 14 days.

Allows for maximum efficiency. It also features good tolerance and low frequency adverse reactions. The drug is stable in the acidic environment of the stomach, so it can be taken on an empty stomach.

To strengthen the immune system can be prescribed (Taktivin, Lysozyme). To restore the microflora of the vagina, eubiotics are used (candles Acilact, Gynoflor, Linex capsules). Anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen, Diclofenac) and hepatoprotectors (Rezalut, Phosphogliv) are introduced into the treatment regimen.

Content

The microorganism (microbe) ureaplasma parvum refers to mycoplasmas of an opportunistic nature, which can provoke the development of diseases of the genitourinary system, both in women and men. The conditional pathogenicity of this type of bacteria lies in the fact that certain conditions are necessary for the development of pathology due to the penetration of ureaplasma into the body (ureaplasmosis). A healthy immune system serves as a reliable barrier against membraneless organisms that can have a detrimental effect on healthy cells.

What is ureaplasma parvum

Bacteriology distinguishes 7 species of bacteria of the mycoplasma family, among which 2 species are clinically significant: Biovar Parvo and biovar T-960. This bacterium was first discovered in 1954, since then studies have begun on parvum and its effect on the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system. Clinical microbiology has identified a number of distinctive features ureaplasma bacteria, which make it possible to classify this species as pathogenic. The properties of tenericuta (an extremely small bacterium) are characterized as follows:

Infection with ureaplasmosis occurs through contact with the carrier of this pathogen. With normal immunity, the parvum bacterium can long time exist in the transient microflora of an infected person and do not manifest themselves. The weakening of the protective functions of the body activates the pathogenic process and contributes to the spread of parvum bacteria.

The main ways of infection with ureaplasma in descending order of risk are listed below:

• Unprotected intercourse - genital contact in any way, it is possible to transmit bacteria with saliva during a kiss if the mucous oral cavity has damage.
• An intrauterine-infected mother infects the fetus during pregnancy. After birth, the child can heal itself.
• Contact-household infection - the bacterium can be transmitted during the use of personal hygiene items of an infected person. The method is unlikely, but not excluded.
• During organ transplantation - theoretically, this possibility is not excluded, but in practice it is extremely rare.

Symptoms

The time of the latent period of ureaplasma parvum is from 2 to 5 weeks. During this period, the bacterium has time to settle in the body and penetrate into healthy cells. If there are no provoking factors, then the pathogenicity of parvum microorganisms will not manifest itself in any way before the onset of favorable conditions for them. The symptoms of ureaplasmosis differ little from similar diseases of the genital area, therefore, for exact definition an existing infectious agent, you should consult a doctor.

Among women

Signs of the presence of the causative agent of parvum, requiring urgent examination, differ in men and women. In males, the disease can be asymptomatic, which is not a reason to ignore it. Women infected with ureaplasma, note one or more of the following symptoms:

• pain in the lower abdomen, which may be cutting or pulling;
• appearance clear secretions from the vagina, a change in their color to yellow or green indicates the onset of a background inflammatory process;
• pain during penetration of the partner's penis during contact;
• discomfort during urination, manifested in the form of a burning sensation;
• angina-like symptoms if the infection occurred by the oral route.

In men

Identification during a medical examination of ureaplasma parvum in men occurs due to the treatment of patients with complaints of inflammation of a different nature. The spread of pathogenic bacteria of ureaplasma in the male body often occurs hidden and does not cause discomfort. Such a mechanism is fraught with the manifestation of complications already at the stage of transition of the disease to chronic form and the occurrence of diseases of the genitourinary system against its background.

Symptoms, ignored by the representatives of the stronger sex due to its insignificance, include the following manifestations:

• urination is accompanied by burning in the urethral canal;
• the appearance of scanty mucous secretions;
• itching pain in the abdomen.

What is the difference between ureaplasma parvum and urealiticum

A patient who has applied to a treatment center with a diagnosis of ureaplasmosis can, if desired, be tested for identification of a variety of ureaplasma bacteria. There is no fundamental difference in the approach to the treatment of subspecies. The prescribed drugs should have a similar therapeutic effect on both types of bacteria. Science shares these concepts, based on genetic studies of biomaterial at the molecular level.

The existing results of clinical trials describe some differences between urealiticum and parvum bacteria, for example:

The reasons

Infection with the causative agent of ureaplasmosis occurs in the presence of one or more risk-forming factors, among them are:

• neglect of protection during sexual intercourse;
• early age the beginning of sexual activity;
• frequent change of partners;
• use of other people's personal hygiene items;
• lack of constant hygienic care for the genitals and oral cavity;
• visiting public places without providing antibacterial protection.

The further development of parvum bacteria depends on the state of the microflora of the body and individual characteristics immune system. The viability of pathogenic microbes also depends on a balanced diet, the presence of addictions, the use of corticosteroid or antibiotic-containing drugs. Transferred to childhood some viral infections can provoke a decrease in the protective ability of the immune system specifically to this species bacteria.

Diagnostics

Suspicion of the presence of ureaplasma parvum DNA in the body is confirmed using diagnostic studies, including:

• a blood test for the presence of ureaplasma DNA fragments;
• PCR (method based on polymerase chain reaction);
• bacteriological culture (collection of material by means of a smear from the cervix or urethra).

The test results show the number of ureaplasma bacteria in the body and their localization. A positive result indicates the presence of the pathogen, but this does not always indicate the pathogenicity of the bacteria. The concept of “norm”, which exists in medicine, means the number of conditionally pathogenic microbes, in which there are no disturbances in the functioning of organs. Negative tests also do not always indicate total absence parvum bacteria in cells.

The norm in women

Deciphering the results of diagnostic studies should be entrusted to a specialist. The generally accepted norm for the amount of ureaplasma DNA in the biomaterial examined using PCR diagnostics is 104 CFU (colony-forming units) per 1 ml. Bakposev, which showed similar results, also indicates the absence of a pathogenic danger of ureaplasma bacteria for the body.

Is it necessary to treat

Application drug therapy when ureaplasma bacteria are found in the test results, it is not always justified. The absence of background inflammatory processes and infections of the genitourinary system indicates the normal state of the mucosa of the internal organs. However, doubts about the need for treatment should be discarded when symptoms of the harmful effects of ureaplasma bacteria appear.

Delaying the decision to see a doctor can lead to negative consequences and infertility. Both partners will have to visit the diagnostic room and start treatment, even if one of them does not observe symptoms of the disease. Pregnancy should be planned after the course of treatment, since treatment for early dates can adversely affect the health of the fetus and the woman carrying it.

Treatment

After spending complete diagnostics, a specialized specialist prescribes therapy according to a specific scheme. Treatment of ureaplasma parvum involves a set of measures aimed at reducing the number of pathogenic mycoplasmic cells and suppressing the ability of bacteria to reproduce. Antibiotic therapy can be prescribed by a doctor based on the results of analyzes of the susceptibility of a particular variety of microorganisms to a certain group of antibacterial agents.

Effective method treatment of ureaplasma involves the use local therapy through the introduction vaginal suppositories. Additional therapy with douching with an antibiotic-containing composition helps to alleviate the condition of patients, quickly eliminating the symptoms of ureaplasmosis. The presence of a risk of disturbance of the natural microflora of the intestine requires the intake of a probiotic.

drugs

The doctor prescribes treatment based on the etymology of the disease and the inflammatory processes associated with ureaplasma. The healing process with the use of medications takes 2 weeks if the disease has not had time to become chronic. A severe case requires a combination of antibiotics. Drugs that can be used in the fight against ureaplasma bacteria are.