How long does pain last after tooth extraction? What complications should be feared after tooth extraction

Pain is a normal reaction of the body to any negative impact. That is why, as the effect of the anesthetic after tooth extraction subsides, pain occurs. The degree of pain depends on such factors:

• The duration of the operation and the amount of work;
• The appearance of an inflammatory process at the site of the extracted tooth;
• Degree pain threshold at the patient.

The duration of the course of taking an anesthetic and the need for a visit to the doctor is determined by the duration and intensity of pain. As a rule, pain haunts the patient for another 2-3 days after the operation. In order to satisfy these sensations, it is enough to take painkillers prescribed by the doctor. After this period, the wound heals with the help of epithelial tissue. You should see a doctor if:

• The pain lasts more than 72 hours, its dynamics grows upward, which is accompanied by swelling and redness.
• On the third day after the intervention, there is a strong pain sensation in the area of ​​the hole formed at the site of the extracted tooth. At the same time, the gums swell, and an unpleasant taste and smell often appear in the mouth.
• The pain spreads to the entire jaw or to the area next to the diseased tooth, and painkillers cannot cope with it.

Feelings after tooth extraction

After this type of surgery, symptoms such as:

• swelling of the gums;
• Pain after the effect of the anesthetic decreases;
• Discomfort when opening the mouth;
• Hematoma in the cheek area;
• Temperature rise.

If the healing process proceeds normally, then postoperative symptoms disappear in less than a week. If more than a week has passed, and discomfort remains, then this is a signal to contact a specialist.

puffiness

Edema is a common occurrence after dental surgery. Sometimes it can manifest itself in the form of a small flux, which is a consequence of the destruction of nearby tissues. If the size of the tumor is small, then it will disappear in a few days. In order to avoid these consequences, it is necessary to apply ice after extraction. If the edema does not decrease after a day, then it must be heated for twenty minutes, taking a break for ten minutes. Also, swelling can be removed with an antiallergic drug, but if this does not help, then you should make an appointment with a specialist.

Temperature rise

Temperature rise in postoperative period- quite common occurrence. This is a consequence of the protective reaction of the body to injury, which is the operation. An elevated temperature is an indicator that the body is fighting an infection. Temperature fluctuations are normal if it lasts no more than 2-3 days, rising in the late afternoon. When the temperature reaches 38 degrees and above, it is necessary to take antipyretic drugs.

Throbbing pain at the site of tooth extraction

The cause of the throbbing pain is that the blood clot has not formed. In the event that the pain does not decrease in its presence, then this may indicate the presence of an inflammatory process in the pulp. The pulp is soft dental tissue containing nerve endings and blood vessels. With the complete removal of the pulp, inflammation of the nerve that it contains can begin. The indication for pulp removal is pulpitis. If part of the pulp remains, then the disease can spread.

In this case, the inflammation worsens and irritation of the nerves occurs. Increased pain, which is localized at the site of itching removal, may be a signal of the onset purulent processes in the hole or in the gum. The cause of inflammation of the gums can be the presence of root particles in it. The hole becomes inflamed if there is no blood clot in it.

Pain in neighboring teeth after extraction

Sometimes pain can spread to adjacent teeth. This is due to the fact that if the operation was complicated, then the gum or nerve of the adjacent tooth could be affected. For prevention discomfort it is necessary to carefully monitor oral hygiene, rinse your mouth with chamomile and soda after each meal.

Signs of complications after tooth extraction

If you notice any of the symptoms described below, you should make an appointment with your dentist as soon as possible, as these could be complications due to improper tooth extraction.

Dryness in the hole

Normally, a blood clot remains in the hole that remains in place of the extracted tooth. It performs a protective function, protecting the bone and nerve endings from various influences, thereby accelerating the healing process. On the first day after the operation, it is better not to rinse the mouth, avoid hot food. By following these recommendations, you can protect the thrombus. Often this thrombus does not form at the site of the extracted tooth, which is called a dry socket.

If a blood clot has not formed, then you need to contact your dentist. He will put a swab in the hole soaked in a special solution that promotes healing. This kind of complication can be the result of a number of objective reasons, such as smoking, taking birth control pills, age. The absence of a clot can cause severe pain not only at the site of the operation, but also in nearby areas. This pain is often so severe that it can radiate to the ear in pulsating shocks. In this case, you need to monitor the dynamics of pain intensification and its duration, because in a few days a new problem may appear - alveolitis.

Alveolitis

The cause of alveolitis after tooth extraction, as a rule, is infection in the postoperative wound. Dry sockets are the most vulnerable to pathogens. Sometimes - periodontitis, which is a consequence of the fact that tooth fragments remained in the tissues. All of the above factors are a "green light" for infection and inflammation of the hole, which is accompanied by severe pain. Conductors of pain - nerve trunks. In the focus of edema, pus can accumulate and, as a result, an unpleasant odor. With an exacerbation of the inflammatory process, the hole is covered with a gray coating, and the pain is so aggravated that chewing food becomes impossible.

A doctor who should be contacted immediately will help to solve this problem, because alveolitis can turn into periostitis (inflammation of the periosteum), and also cause phlegmon or abscess. Rarely, it can cause osteomyelitis. Wherein sharp pain and swelling of the gums can be supplemented high temperature and general malaise associated with weakening immune system. Osteomyelitis can move to nearby teeth. This disease is treated only through surgery, after which a long course of inpatient therapy begins.

Pus

If an infection enters the hole, then those tissues that are located nearby begin to fester. Pus can be the result of poor hygiene, as well as when dental fragments penetrate the tissues. Often, pus can appear after the removal of a wisdom tooth. With untimely treatment of purulent inflammation, a more serious problem may arise, such as a fistula or even a cyst. Here, the number of days that have passed since the operation is absolutely not important. Pus is a signal to make an appointment with a doctor. Only he will be able to establish the cause of the inflammation, prescribe antibiotics and prescribe irrigation with an antiseptic.

Pain after wisdom tooth extraction

Surgical removal of a wisdom tooth is a rather difficult process, so postoperative pain can be severe. Pain is a phenomenon that accompanies the eruption of the wisdom tooth itself. The eighth tooth is usually removed for the simple reason that it begins to shift the row to make room for itself. Often there are cases when the tooth grows crooked and damages the tissue. that is why dentists insist on extraction on early stage. Only an experienced dentist can determine whether this is necessary or not.

During the procedure, a nerve may be affected, because these teeth are located near the facial nerves. Therefore, the feeling of paresthesia may accompany treatment, which will manifest itself in the form of numbness of the tongue, lips, and even the chin. These complications occur quite rarely and disappear a few weeks after the operation. They do not lead to complications.

During the extraction of the wisdom tooth, the gum is injured. At the same time, the patient suffers from aching pain, but after a couple of days it passes. Inflammation of the socket and gums very often occurs in combination with an increase in temperature. With its increase, hypothermia occurs. The dentist in such a situation will prescribe antibiotic therapy, suture using threads that dissolve on their own.

Postoperative therapy if severe pain persists after tooth extraction

Pain in the postoperative period is absolutely normal. But, nevertheless, it is necessary to take into account its duration and nature. To reduce pain at first, doctors recommend:

• Apply cold compresses;
• During the day, avoid any impact on the operated area (refers to brushing your teeth and rinsing);
• Take antipyretic and pain medications.

After the tooth is removed, a roller is applied to its place, which is not removed for 20-30 minutes. Eating should be postponed for several hours to avoid infection in the wound. Hot and spicy foods should be avoided. You can not chew on the operated side. Smoking and alcohol are taboo after tooth extraction.

At the first stages in the period after extraction, the gum should be cooled gently. Be careful not to chill your gums! You can not take hot baths at this time: due to increased pressure, increased bleeding may occur. If it has started, place a cotton swab between the jaws or make a cold compress. Rinsing oral cavity is strictly prohibited, as it can damage the blood clot, which should normally be in the hole. For 2-3 days, you can start rinsing your mouth with soothing solutions. Take a glass of water at room temperature, dissolve a teaspoon of baking soda or ½ teaspoon of salt in it. Rinse your mouth with this solution 2-3 times daily.

If the pain gets worse, analgesics can be used. The most effective: ketanov and analgin. In case of inflammation, the doctor will recommend antibiotics, such as sumamed, biseptol, amoxiclav. The duration of the course of taking them depends on the degree of complexity of the condition, however, it cannot be interrupted even after getting rid of the pain. If complications arise, the dentist can irrigate with antiseptics.

How to avoid complications?

Preventive methods consist in strict adherence to all the doctor's advice regarding oral care. Simple recommendations will help prevent increased pain and complications. The rules are:

• Do not touch the wound for the first 2-3 days
• A couple of days after the operation, cleanse with antiseptics
• The daily number of painkillers should not exceed 2 times
• Cold compresses can only be used on the first day to avoid gingival inflammation.

The selection of antiseptics is done by the doctor after the operation. You should avoid taking medicines that have aspirin in their composition, including citramon. Such drugs thin the blood, preventing it from clotting in the hole. An additional visit to the doctor is required if you notice the slightest deviation from the norm, such as swelling, pus, and more.

How to deal with pain?

To relieve pain after tooth extraction, as a rule, non-narcotic analgesics are prescribed, the action of which is directed to cyclooxygenase (an enzyme that responds to the synthesis of biologically active compounds that produce pain). Many analgesics are recommended for use in the postoperative period, as they are able to fight inflammation. Often, analgesics show their side effect in the form of irritation of the mucous membranes of the stomach, increased bleeding (analgesics thin the blood). Most often, dentists choose the drug according to the principle of the highest degree of activity and the smallest list side effects.

• Ibuprofen fights well with pain, which acts for 12 hours, eliminating any manifestation of inflammation and swelling. In order to reduce the load on the stomach, it is better to take it after meals.
• Nimesulide (Nimegenzik, Nimesil, Nise) - drugs that act locally on the tooth socket, reducing inflammation. However, in patients with liver pathologies, it is better to refuse this drug due to its increased hepatotoxicity.
• Lornoxicam, Meloxicam (Mirloks, Movalis, Xefocam) are drugs that are much stronger in terms of degree of action than nimesulide and ibuprofen. Moreover, they have less effect on the stomach. These remedies eliminate pain for a sufficiently long period without causing bleeding. Therefore, their reception is more safe.
• Rofecoxib (Viox, Rofika) - drugs with a strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. It is indicated after complex operations, such as the extraction of reininated teeth. These medicines act simultaneously on two fronts: they remove swelling and relieve pain.

What funds should not be taken?

Some drugs, despite their popularity, have an extremely unexpressed effect, which, moreover, is accompanied by a number of side effects. These include:

• Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid. It has a minimal analgesic effect, but has an antipyretic effect. They thin the blood, which can cause bleeding from the tooth socket. It has a negative effect on the mucous membranes of the stomach. However, in combination with other drugs, it is quite effective.
• Paracetamol. Paracetamol is an antipyretic by its action. It does not have the proper effect in the fight against inflammation and adversely affects the functioning of the liver. It is used in combination with complex drugs.
• No-shpa. This drug, in spite of everything, is not at all classified as an analgesic. This drug is an antispasmodic. Thus, no-shpa exhibits an analgesic effect if the pain sensation has an antispasmodic character. In other cases, this medicine is weak.

Nutrition after tooth extraction

Spicy and salty foods are the main irritants for the mucous membranes. They increase pain. Hot food and drinks are factors that affect the state of blood vessels, expanding them, which provokes bleeding and swelling. Rigid foods can cause mechanical damage to the mucous membranes and injure the blood clot. The result is pain and bleeding.

The first meal after the operation should not injure the operated area. It may well be meat broth, yogurt or ice cream (it is better not to bite off). Ice cream is recommended by both dentists and otolaryngologists after tonsil removal. The cold causes blood vessels to constrict, reducing the risk of bleeding and reducing swelling.

An urgent problem that worries many patients in the postoperative period is a chilled nerve after ice cream. You don't have to worry about this. Causes of neuritis can be being in a draft or hypothermia. Ice cream should be eaten slowly, without biting into large pieces. Then you can avoid inflammation and cool the area that bothers you.

After tooth extraction - if the tooth and gum hurt after removal, the rules of conduct for the prevention of complications, what to do after the removal of a wisdom tooth, how many days does the hole heal?

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The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!

Symptoms that normally occur after tooth extraction

• Bleeding (lasts for 30-180 minutes after tooth extraction);
• Pain in the area of ​​the extracted tooth, radiating to nearby tissues and organs (for example, ear, nose, neighboring teeth, etc.);
• Swelling in the area of ​​the extracted tooth or surrounding tissues (eg cheeks, gums, etc.);
• Redness of the mucous membranes in the area of ​​the extracted tooth;
• A moderate increase in body temperature or a feeling of heat in the area of ​​​​the extracted tooth;
• Violation of the normal functioning of the jaw (inability to chew on the side of the extracted tooth, pain when opening the mouth wide, etc.).

In addition, after the extraction of the tooth, a sufficiently deep hole remains, in which the roots were previously located. Within 30 - 180 minutes, blood may ooze from the hole, which is a normal tissue reaction to damage. After two hours, the blood should stop, and a clot should form in the hole, which covers most of its surface, creating sterile conditions for the speedy healing and restoration of the normal tissue structure. If blood flows after tooth extraction for more than two hours, then you should consult a dentist, who will either suture the wound or perform other manipulations necessary to stop the bleeding.

There is a damaged mucous membrane on the gum along the edges of the hole, since in order to remove a tooth it must be peeled off, thus exposing its neck and root. Inside the hole are damaged ligaments and muscles that previously held the tooth securely in its place, that is, in the hole in the jawbone. In addition, at the bottom of the hole there are fragments of nerves and blood vessels that previously entered the pulp through the root of the tooth, providing nutrition, oxygen supply and providing sensitivity. After the extraction of the tooth, these nerves and vessels were torn.

That is, after the removal of a tooth, various damaged tissues remain in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bits former localization, which should heal over time. Until these tissues heal, the person will experience pain, swelling, swelling and redness in the area of ​​​​the hole from the tooth and the surrounding gums, which is normal.

As a rule, after the extraction of a tooth (even a complex one), shallow traumatic injuries of soft tissues remain, which completely heal within a relatively short period of time - 7-10 days. However, the filling of the hole with bone tissue, which replaces the tooth root and gives density to the jaw bone, lasts much longer - from 4 to 8 months. But this should not be feared, since pain, swelling, redness and other symptoms of inflammation disappear after the healing of soft tissues, and the filling of the hole with bone elements occurs within several months unnoticed by a person, since it is not accompanied by any clinical symptoms. That is, the symptoms of inflammation (pain, swelling, redness, temperature) after tooth extraction persist only until the mucous membrane, muscles and ligaments heal, and torn blood vessels collapse. After that, the process of formation of bone tissue in the hole instead of the root of the extracted tooth is asymptomatic and, accordingly, imperceptible to humans.

Rules of conduct after tooth extraction

The rules of conduct after tooth extraction help to minimize these unpleasant sensations, accelerate tissue healing and prevent complications.

So, after the extraction of a tooth, it is imperative to adhere to the following rules:

• If the dentist, after removing the tooth, gave a bite a special swab soaked in the drug, then it should be left in the oral cavity for at least 20 to 30 minutes. Only after half an hour the tampon can be removed;
• Do not rinse, spit out, or otherwise remove a blood clot that has formed in the socket within 24 hours after tooth extraction;
• Do not feel the hole and the surrounding tissues with your tongue, hands, toothpicks and any other objects (even sterile ones);
• Within 24 hours after tooth extraction, you should not draw in any liquids, creating a vacuum effect in the oral cavity (for example, drinking through a straw, pulling water from a spoon with your lips, etc.), as this can lead to the removal of a clot from the hole and , as a result, to increased pain, swelling and redness, as well as to the appearance of bleeding;
• Do not engage in sports and physical labor for two days after tooth extraction. This does not mean that you can not do anything, on the contrary, any light work around the house (washing dishes, vacuuming, dusting, etc.) is quite acceptable and even useful, because it distracts from unpleasant sensations and painful thoughts. And you have to give up physical activity that require strong muscle tension (for example, active training, hard work, etc.);
• Within a day after tooth extraction, do not go to the bathhouse, sauna, do not take a hot shower and do not overheat in the sun;
• Do not warm up the area from which the tooth was removed, as this can provoke an increase in the volume of inflammation, and therefore an increase in pain, and an increase in swelling and redness, as well as an increase in body temperature;
• Within 2-3 hours after tooth extraction, refuse to eat, as its pieces can additionally injure the wound and lengthen the healing period of soft tissues;
• For several days after tooth extraction, until the pain subsides, you should eat and drink only warm, since cold and hot can provoke an increase in the severity of pain, swelling and other symptoms of tissue damage;
• Within a few days after tooth extraction, spicy and spicy seasonings, as well as dishes with a sour and sharp taste, should be abandoned, as they can provoke re-bleeding;
• For several (3-7) days, do not chew on the side of the jaw from which the tooth was removed;
• If pieces of food get into the hole while eating, then you should not remove them with your fingers, toothpicks or any other objects, as this may lead to accidental removal of the clot, which is unacceptable. It is better to rinse these pieces of food with water after eating;
• Within 3-7 days after tooth extraction, you should stop smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages, since tobacco smoke and ethyl alcohol irritate and dry out the mucous membranes, provoking an increase in pain and increasing the risk of developing infectious and inflammatory complications;
• Within 24 hours after tooth extraction, you should not rinse your mouth so as not to remove the clot from the hole. In the following days, it is necessary to regularly carefully rinse your mouth with various antiseptic solutions or water and salt;
• Within 8 hours after tooth extraction, you should not use a toothbrush. In the following days, you need to brush your teeth twice a day - in the morning and in the evening, but at the same time be careful in brushing in the area of ​​the extracted tooth;
• With poor tolerance for pain that occurs after tooth extraction, you should take painkillers from the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), for example, Paracetamol, Ketorol, Ketanov, Ibuprofen, Nimesulide, etc.;
• To reduce sensitivity, it is recommended that antihistamines be taken within 7 to 10 days after tooth extraction (for example, Erius, Telfast, Zirtek, Cetirizine, Parlazin, Suprastin, Telfast, etc.) in standard dosages;
• Within a week after tooth extraction, drafts and contact with people with flu, SARS, tonsillitis and other similar diseases should be avoided, and also not supercool;
• If the tooth was removed against the background of existing infectious and inflammatory processes in the oral cavity (for example, periodontitis, gingivitis, flux, etc.), then after the operation, broad-spectrum antibiotics should be taken for 7-10 days.

It is routine to apply cold to the cheek in the area of ​​the extracted tooth, that is, in all cases it should not be, because, on the one hand, this reduces swelling, pain and inflammation, but on the other hand, it reduces the activity of local immunity, which, in turn, significantly increases the risk of developing infectious and inflammatory complications. However, if bleeding after tooth extraction has not stopped within 30 minutes, then cold can be applied to the cheek for 15 to 40 minutes. In other cases, it is not recommended to use cold to reduce swelling, redness, and pain.

Can I smoke after a tooth extraction?

One day after tooth extraction, you can start smoking, but this should be done with caution and in a minimal amount. In general, it is recommended to stop smoking for 7 to 10 days after tooth extraction.

Rules of conduct after the removal of a wisdom tooth

Healing after tooth extraction (how long does a tooth heal after extraction)

Stages of healing

So, the wound in the form of a hole left after tooth extraction heals completely within 2 to 3 weeks. During this time, the hole is filled with granulation tissue, and its surface is completely covered with epithelium. That is, the surface of the hole becomes the same as the gum surrounding it. Starting from this moment, you can safely chew on the side of the jaw from which the tooth was removed, eat your favorite dishes without restrictions and, in principle, lead a normal life. The healing of the hole occurs the faster, the smaller the amount of tissue was damaged during the extraction of the tooth. That is, the hole from a single-rooted tooth heals faster (within about 16-18 days) than from a multi-rooted one (within about 19-23 days). In addition, it should be remembered that in the presence of infectious and inflammatory processes that occurred before, during or after tooth extraction, the hole will heal 1 to 2 weeks longer.

If the wound turned out to be too large (for example, when removing teeth with improperly located roots, etc.), then sutures are applied to tighten the edges of the wound and, accordingly, to ensure optimal and rapid healing. Absorbable or conventional sutures can be used for sutures. If ordinary threads were used, then the dentist removes them 5-7 days after tooth extraction, and the self-absorbable suture material is left in the tissues. Sutures should not be afraid, since their presence does not indicate complications and does not lengthen the healing process of the hole.

However, the overgrowth of the hole is only the end of the soft tissue healing stage, since the reparation process after tooth extraction, which consists in the formation of bone at the site of the root of the extracted tooth, will continue for about 4 to 8 months. But all subsequent stages of healing will pass unnoticed by the person himself, but they still need to be known and remembered.

Approximately 2 weeks after tooth extraction, second phase reparation, which consists in the formation of elements of bone tissue on the bottom and side walls of the hole, which slowly grow, filling its entire volume. After about 6 to 7 weeks, the entire hole is filled with young bone tissue. This concludes the second stage of reparation.

Next begins third stage reparation, which consists in compaction of young bone tissue and the formation of a mature bone from it, which will have sufficient strength to replace the tooth root in the jaw structure. The formation of mature bone in the hole of the extracted tooth occurs after 3-4 months.

After the formation of a mature bone, the last begins, fourth stage reparation, which consists in the complete fusion of the newly formed bone tissue with the previously existing one (jaw bone). The fusion of the bone tissue of the hole with the jaw bone occurs approximately by 4-6 months after tooth extraction in the absence of complications and by 6-10 months with a complicated course of the postoperative period. After this stage is completed, it is impossible to distinguish the former socket from the surrounding bone on x-rays. And it is after the complete fusion of the bone tissue of the socket and jaw that the reparation process launched by the body after tooth extraction is completed.

Hole (clot) after tooth extraction

By 3 - 4 days after removal, white thin films appear on the surface of the hole, which represent a young epithelium, and therefore they should not be afraid. These films should not be torn off and removed as they are a sign of a normal healing process. However, if the films are not white, but grayish, yellow, green or any other shade, then this may indicate the development of infectious and inflammatory complications, and therefore, if they appear, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. A few days after the appearance of white films, the entire hole becomes white, which is also the norm.

For 7 - 8 days after tooth extraction, a thin layer of transparent epithelium appears on the surface of the hole, through which white granulation tissue shines through.

By 14 - 23 days the hole is completely covered with epithelium (mucous membrane), and young bone tissue begins to form in its depth.

By 30 days after tooth extraction, the entire hole under the epithelium layer is filled with young, newly formed bone tissue.

After 4 - 6 months the hole is completely filled with bone tissue, which merges with the surrounding jaw bone. Outside, the hole, overgrown with bone, is covered with epithelium, but the thickness of the gum in the area of ​​the extracted tooth is reduced. In addition, the height of the edge of the overgrown hole is lower than those of the surrounding teeth by about 1/3.

Normal and pathological symptoms that occur after tooth extraction

White hole after tooth extraction

However, if films of a grayish, yellowish, reddish or any other shade except for white appear on the hole, or an unpleasant odor comes from the oral cavity, then this indicates the beginning of the development of an infectious-inflammatory complication. In this case, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Sore tooth or gum after extraction

Usually, pain after tooth extraction is felt for 5 to 7 days in the area of ​​​​the hole or next to it, after which it completely disappears. When removing the eighth, seventh or sixth teeth, pain can spread to the ear, since the injured tissues are located close to the structures of the auditory analyzer. Sometimes the pain spreads to the area of ​​​​the joints, as a result of which it is difficult for a person to open his mouth and chew. All of these options for pain are normal options, provided that the pain does not increase over time. Doctors recommend taking painkillers for a week after tooth extraction in order not to endure excruciating and unpleasant pain.

However, if the pain begins to intensify, and not subside, or a temperature appears, or general well-being worsens, then this indicates an infection and requires urgent medical attention. In other cases, pain is a normal reaction and does not require any special treatment other than pain medication.

Nerve damage after tooth extraction, it is fixed relatively often, but this complication is not severe. As a rule, the nerve is damaged when the roots of the tooth are branched or improperly located, which, in the process of being removed from the gum tissue, capture and break the branch of the nerve. When a nerve is damaged, a person has a feeling of numbness in the cheeks, lips, tongue, or palate that persists for several days. As a rule, after 3 to 4 days, the numbness disappears, as the damaged nerve grows together, and the complication heals itself. However, if numbness persists a week after tooth extraction, then you should consult a doctor who will prescribe physiotherapy procedures necessary to accelerate the healing of the damaged nerve. It should be remembered that sooner or later the nerve damaged during tooth extraction grows together, and the numbness disappears.

Photo after tooth extraction

This photo shows a hole after tooth extraction in the stage of normally proceeding healing.

Each doctor tries to save a diseased tooth, since any removal of it can cause quite a bit in the future. serious complications. For example, when at least one tooth is missing, the quality of the so-called mechanical processing of food consumed by a person worsens in the mouth. This, in turn, may lead to the development various diseases such as: gastritis, gastric ulcer and colitis. And after the removal of the front teeth, the general appearance- there is a violation of the correct articulation. This inevitably leads to the fact that a person has the strongest complexes. But, despite all these consequences, it often becomes impossible to save a tooth and it simply has to be pulled out.

Indications for tooth extraction

There is a list of indications for tooth extraction:

1. Single teeth that interfere with the fixation of the prosthesis.

People often have single teeth that do not allow you to properly install removable prosthesis, which is an indication for removal.

2. Purulent periodontitis.

In the presence of this disease the doctor decides to perform an extraction in the case when he cannot carry out a proper outflow of pus from the periodontium, since the tooth has either completely impassable canals or is very curved.

3. Granulomatous, granulating periodontitis in severe chronic form.

As a rule, the doctor decides to remove the diseased tooth if the patient has excessively curved and difficult to pass canals (we are talking about root canals).

4. Pathological processes in the zone of the wisdom tooth.

If any pathological processes are observed on mandible in the zone of the wisdom tooth, it is removed.

5. Odontogenic osteomyelitis.

In the event that a person is faced with such a serious illness, he should be prepared for the fact that the extraction of the tooth will be performed immediately. The fact is that the elimination of pathogenic bacteria, and all their tissue decay products, is possible only by removing the affected tooth. This procedure allows the doctor to completely limit the course of inflammatory and infectious processes.

6. Inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses and trigeminal neuralgia.

When a patient has teeth provoking chronic inflammation maxillary sinuses, or because of them, trigeminal neuralgia is observed.

The inflammatory process may be an indication for tooth extraction.

7. Atypical arrangement of teeth.

The presence of supernumerary and simply located atypical teeth also serves as an indication for removal. Such teeth greatly worsen the bite and can injure the oral mucosa.

8. Exposed roots.

If a person has a strongly protruding tooth from the hole, and the roots are exposed. Such teeth usually prevent a person from chewing food normally, injure the soft tissues of the mouth, and make the process of prosthetics absolutely impossible without their removal.

9. Fracture of the jaw.

Removal is required when the patient has teeth located directly in the area of ​​the jaw fracture, and they are not subject to reposition of the fragments, but only act as potential conductors of infection.

10. Destroyed dental crowns (roots).

If a person has a thorough destruction of dental crowns, or in other words, roots, tooth extraction is almost impossible to avoid.

11. Multi-rooted teeth.

As a rule, dentists try to treat multi-rooted teeth. But if such treatment was unsuccessful and a complication developed in the form of an inflammatory acute periodontal process, the removal of the diseased tooth is required.

Tooth extraction: possible consequences

As a rule, after completing a thorough examination of the patient's oral cavity and his teeth, the dentist offers several options. medical procedures. It is believed that tooth extraction is the cheapest method of treatment. But one should take into account the fact that prosthetics, which will certainly be required in the future, will cost, accordingly, much more expensive than tooth extraction.

To possible consequences Tooth extractions include:

Violation of the entire line.

After the extraction of a tooth, the adjacent ones begin to shift somewhat. Accordingly, a person begins to experience significant difficulties in the process of chewing food.

Deformation and destruction.

Displaced teeth begin to gradually deform and collapse, which becomes another problem and a reason to visit the dentist for treatment.

Examination by a dentist

1. Making a decision about the method of treatment.

The decision to remove a tooth can be made by the doctor only after a thorough examination of the entire oral cavity. In addition, a photograph (X-ray) of a diseased tooth is often part of a dental examination. From this picture, the dentist evaluates general state tooth, roots and its other internal parts, which are located around the bone itself. Given all these points, the dentist offers either to perform the operation right in his office, or sends the patient to the surgeon (it all depends on the degree of complexity).

Before removing a tooth, the doctor must conduct a thorough examination

2. Poll.

Before proceeding with the extraction of a tooth, the dentist will certainly conduct not only a thorough examination, but also ask a certain list of questions that help him obtain the necessary information for the successful implementation of the planned operation.

Some questions the doctor asks:

• about general well-being and the presence of any diseases;
• about previous visits to dentists, about methods of treatment, about tooth extraction, how the gums healed;
• about allergies and individual intolerance to any drugs / medications;
• The doctor also asks about taking medications. This information is really considered important for any dentist, since even traditional medicines, such as aspirin, citramon, can reduce blood clotting, and other drugs can increase blood pressure. The danger lies in the fact that all this can cause bleeding after the tooth extraction procedure. If you are taking any hormonal/contraceptive pills, be sure to tell your doctor about it, because dry sockets are quite often observed in women who take this kind of medication.

Is it necessary to take antibiotics before a tooth extraction?

To begin with, people today have different opinions about the need to take antibiotics before tooth extraction. Some are sure that taking antibiotics is really required - this helps to avoid the development of inflammation after the tooth extraction procedure. The rest of humanity claims that taking antibiotics does not have any beneficial effect at all and only puts a strain on the kidneys / liver.

In fact, the question of taking an antibiotic should not be decided by the patient, but by the doctor himself, and such a decision is made on an individual basis, that is, in each specific situation. Usually, the doctor will recommend pre-administration of an antibiotic before the tooth extraction procedure in the case when he finds an excessive amount of infection present in the mouth. Accordingly, if the attending physician prescribes the intake of a certain antibiotic, the patient must strictly adhere to the regimen for its administration. In any other case, antibiotics will not only be useless for humans, but will even be harmful to the body.

There are cases when, after taking antibiotics, a person feels somewhat strange reactions of his body, for example, the appearance of a rash on the body, shortness of breath. If you observe this, immediately stop using the drug and report the deterioration of your health to the doctor.

Extraction of teeth under general anesthesia

AT last years modern dental clinics often perform tooth extractions exclusively under general anesthesia. Experts claim that pharmacological drug, which is used for general anesthesia, does not cause any harm to the human body.

Under general anesthesia, it is easier to survive an unpleasant procedure.

Doctors suggest removing teeth under general anesthesia in such cases:

Fear.

When a patient has an uncontrollable, panic fear before dental procedures. Such people can simply clench their teeth uncontrollably, preventing the doctor from performing the necessary manipulations.

The presence of a gag reflex.

Of course, no one likes the fact that a doctor, armed with a variety of tools, climbs into his mouth. But there are people in whom the gag reflex is developed to a large extent, and this kind of manipulation causes sudden bouts of vomiting in them. Accordingly, it is most advisable, when possible, to perform tooth extraction directly under general anesthesia.

If the patient is allergic.

When a person is subject to allergic reactions that are caused due to traditional local anesthetics, they simply have to endure the pain that occurs during the process of tooth extraction, since local anesthesia is strictly contraindicated for allergy sufferers. The fact is that such a situation can even lead to the onset of pain shock. As for general anesthesia, then it never provokes allergic reactions, which is why it is successfully used by doctors to treat allergies.

Of course, tooth extraction under general anesthesia greatly facilitates the work of the dentist, and also helps the patient to avoid stressful situations. However, it is important to know that if you are offered a tooth extraction directly under general anesthesia, medical institution there must be an appropriate license, and an anesthesiologist must work in the clinic. Calculation of the dose of anesthesia and control of the patient's condition should be performed not by a dentist, but exclusively by an anesthesiologist!

Tooth extraction: preparatory process

When a doctor informs his patient that it is necessary to perform a tooth extraction, the person usually experiences a feeling of anxiety and fear before such a procedure, which is a natural reaction. Fear is usually caused by ignorance. Therefore, we have described just below how the extraction of a tooth occurs. Well, now, let's talk in more detail about the preparation for the procedure:

1. Anesthetic injections.

Before the doctor proceeds with the procedure for removing a tooth, he will certainly make a patient local anesthesia- he will anesthetize the gums and nerves of the diseased tooth with an anesthetic injection. Before giving an injection, highly trained doctors usually treat the injection site with the so-called ice-coin spray. This is necessary to reduce pain. Ledocine spray quite effectively reduces the sensitivity of the gums, thereby minimizing the pain from the injection itself.

Local anesthesia is used for anesthesia

2. Waiting for the action of the anesthetic

After the doctor gives the injection, he asks the patient to wait a bit for the pain medication to take effect. As a rule, the waiting time takes no more than ten minutes. The patient begins to feel how the sensitivity in the injection area gradually decreases.

Tooth extraction: a feature of the process

Be prepared for the fact that during the procedure you will feel a lot of pressure, as the doctor will use his physical strength.

The fact is that the root of the tooth is quite densely located in the bone hole. In order to extract a diseased tooth, the dentist needs to expand this hole as much as possible. Due to the fact that the jawbone is characterized by the ability to compress well, the doctor expands the hole, loosening the tooth forward / backward. These actions make the patient feel significant pressure from the doctor. But you should not strain and be afraid, after this there will be no feeling of pain. Anesthesia, used for anesthesia of all dental procedures, completely blocks all the nerve endings that are directly responsible for pain, but at the same time, such anesthesia has practically no effect on those nerve endings that are responsible for feeling pressure. Accordingly, during the tooth extraction procedure, which is performed under anesthesia, a person does not feel pain, but only feels pressure.

In the event that you suddenly (this is unlikely), suddenly feel even the slightest painful sensation, immediately inform the doctor about it. The doctor, in this case, introduces an additional volume of anesthetic into the area of ​​tooth extraction - it completely blocks the nerve endings.

Be aware that taking any analgesic drugs, such as Baralgin or Ketones, which people drink quite often to eliminate pain in the tooth, can reduce the effectiveness of anesthesia. Therefore, try not to take any drugs for about 12 hours before the tooth extraction procedure. If you still took an analgesic drug, be sure to notify your doctor about this.

Wisdom tooth extraction

The removal of such teeth is often accompanied by certain difficulties, primarily due to inconvenient access to them and the presence of anatomical important formations next to the wisdom teeth (any damage to them during tooth extraction is simply unacceptable). And the dense and strong bone tissue that surrounds the wisdom teeth, and the often occurring crooked roots, also greatly complicate the procedure. And that's not what we're talking about yet. various occasions inclination of the tooth, which are combined with its incomplete eruption (or even retention).

There is another indication for the removal of wisdom teeth - their rapid and severe destruction. As a rule, the doctor warns that investing considerable cash in the treatment/preservation of such teeth is impractical. Indeed, in the future, you will need to set up a pin, seal or make an inlay, a special coating with a crown. Of course, the removal of a wisdom tooth is advisory in nature, and if the patient is against it, then the removal is not carried out.

Indications for saving a wisdom tooth:

• correct location (when absolutely nothing interferes with the tooth, and it erupts normally);
• in cases where the wisdom tooth has no carious lesions, and nothing will interfere with its further high-quality treatment;
• if the patient needs a wisdom tooth as the only support for reliable prosthetics and the tilt / displacement of the tooth is not so significant as to remove it.

Complicated tooth extraction

As a rule, difficulties in the process of tooth extraction arise if the roots have an irregular shape - curved / curved. In such cases, doctors have to extract the tooth fragment by fragment.

The essence of this technique is as follows:

1. Excision of the tooth into fragments.

The tooth is excised with special tools into small fragments - the doctor removes them one by one using medical forceps. Most people, having learned that the doctor is going to do such an extraction of a tooth, get scared immediately. In fact, you should not be afraid of this at all - the procedure is absolutely painless and allows the doctor to remove the tooth much faster and easier, and also avoids many complications.

2. Careful inspection.

As soon as the process of tooth extraction is completed, the dentist inspects the hole without fail in order to make sure that there are no fragments from the tooth and deposits in it.

3. Well clamp.

Then the doctor puts a cotton swab in the hole, which must be tightly clamped and held for about an hour.

4. Patient consultation.

The doctor will certainly advise the patient about what he should not do after the tooth extraction procedure and what should be done in order to minimize the risk of possible postoperative complications.

1. If bleeding from the hole has begun.

As a rule, the bleeding should stop after the extraction of the tooth in about half an hour. Earlier in this article, we mentioned that the doctor places a sterile cotton swab on the hole, and the patient needs to clamp it tightly for an hour. But in some cases, bleeding continues for several hours longer. In this case, you may need a sterile bandage - you need to cut off a small piece with cleanly washed hands, form a tampon out of it and repeat the procedure. But, if the bleeding continues for more than two to three hours, you need to urgently apply for medical care to the doctor.

2. Formation of a blood clot in the hole.

Experts assure that such a clot after the tooth extraction procedure is actually necessary for the further successful healing of the wound. Therefore, you should not worry. It is important to observe the following list of rules in order to prevent destruction and removal blood clot:

• smoking and drinking drinks through a straw often leads to some displacement of the blood clot. This is explained by the fact that during smoking and drinking a vacuum is formed in the mouth, which, in turn, causes the displacement of the clot;
• do not rinse your mouth and try not to spit saliva on the first day after tooth extraction;
• do not drink hot liquids (tea, coffee) and do not eat hot food (for example, soups / borscht) - this can lead to the dissolution of the formed blood clot;

3. If there is swelling.

In the event that the cheek is swollen after the extraction of the tooth, this is normal, since this sometimes happens. It is believed that the more difficult the removal procedure was, the higher the likelihood that swelling of the soft tissues adjacent to the extracted tooth will appear. In order to remove such a swelling, doctors usually advise patients to apply lek to the cheek for about ten minutes (this should be done every hour). This procedure should be continued until the swelling disappears. Just do not apply ice to the gum itself in any case - this can lead to infectious inflammation, since pathogenic microorganisms can enter the wound.

Swelling may occur after tooth extraction

4. Temperature.

As a rule, smokers are much more likely to experience various complications, and it is they who usually develop a temperature after tooth extraction. Perhaps even inflammation of the hole. Therefore, if you are able to refrain from smoking, do it at least for 1-2 days.

5. Cleaning your teeth.

When the healing process proceeds after tooth extraction, it is very important to maintain oral hygiene. As practice shows, many people after the procedure of tooth extraction do prefer not to brush their teeth for several days. But this action inevitably leads to the multiplication of pathogenic microflora in the mouth and threatens with inflammation of the hole. Remember, brushing your teeth is a must, but first you should replace the traditional brush with a softer one. Never use any mouthwash.

6. Painkiller.

The pain that appears after tooth extraction is quite tolerable and is quickly stopped by taking painkillers. But you should definitely check with your doctor which specific drug you can take as soon as the injection ends. Be sure to read the instructions that are necessarily attached to each medicine. And do not forget that it is desirable to combine any intake of painkillers with food intake in order to reduce the negative impact of the medication on the stomach.

Pain can be relieved with medication

7. Restriction of activity.

It is recommended to refrain from playing sports and avoid physical hard work. It is also advisable to put an extra pillow under your head during sleep. This is necessary so that the head is slightly higher (the risk of blood clot damage, which we wrote about above, is reduced).

8. Antibiotics.

Sometimes a few days before the scheduled date of the tooth extraction procedure, the dentist prescribes an antibiotic for the patient. In this case, you should not stop taking the antibiotic immediately after the procedure, as this may lead to some deterioration in the general condition.

9. Treatment of other teeth after the extraction of a diseased tooth.

When a person has diseased teeth that require treatment, he will naturally be concerned about how and when, after extraction, he can cure them. Experts generally recommend that patients wait and delay treatment for about a week.

10. Nutrition.

If the procedure for removing a tooth was not complicated by anything, then there are no special restrictions regarding nutrition. But it is important to pay attention to the fact that the food is chewed exclusively on the side opposite from the wound.

But, if the extraction of the tooth has given complications, then the dentist will usually advise the patient to follow a diet based on soft/liquid foods.

Tooth extraction: possible complications

As practice shows, the most highly professional dentist cannot give the patient any guarantee that he will not experience any complications. We will describe the main complications that are most common in people after tooth extraction:

Suturing.

If the removal procedure was very difficult and the gum was significantly damaged, then the doctor may suture the gum. In most cases, gums are sutured with dissolvable threads. However, insoluble threads can also be used by a doctor for suturing. Accordingly, the seams that are superimposed with such threads will need to be removed. Of course, you should not be afraid of this procedure - they are completely painless and proceed quickly.

Dryness of the hole.

Such a complication as “dry hole” after tooth extraction can be found quite often. A dry socket is formed if a blood clot has not formed at the site of the wound, which plays an important role in the healing process. At the same time, the hole itself becomes defenseless and any external influence negatively affects it. For this reason, an inflammatory process (for example, alveolitis) can develop in it.

Complications during tooth extraction cannot be ruled out

With such a complication, a person experiences pain that can be felt immediately after the tooth extraction procedure, but most often a painful sensation appears after two to three days. The mucous membrane of the gums noticeably swells, the edges of the hole become inflamed. At this point, a person may have a fever, pain when swallowing. Simultaneously with the listed symptoms, a general malaise is usually felt, and the wound begins to smell unpleasant due to a dirty gray coating.

Troubleshooting:

Local and general remedies can be used to treat this complication. Sometimes it is enough just to thoroughly wash the well with an antiseptic solution - for this, the well is treated with an aseptic special paste / ointment. Then, with the help of vitamins and antibiotics, anti-inflammatory general therapy is carried out.

In severe cases, a doctor may prescribe physical therapy or laser therapy.

Paresthesia.

This complication is rare. Paresthesia is caused by nerve damage during tooth extraction. The main symptom of paresthesia is numbness in the chin, cheeks, tongue and lips. In general, paresthesia is considered temporary, and it usually disappears after 1-2 days, but can last up to several weeks.

Troubleshooting:

The doctor treats paresthesia through the therapy of the vitamin complex of groups C and B, as well as with the help of injections of galantamine and dibazol.

Lunar bleeding.

It can occur immediately after the operation, that is, within an hour, but sometimes the holes begin to bleed even after a day. Hole bleeding can be caused by the use of adrenaline, because as soon as it stops acting, there is a risk of a short expansion of blood vessels, which leads to bleeding.

In addition, alveolar bleeding may begin due to a violation of the dentist's recommendations in the postoperative period - usually the holes bleed due to external disturbance of the wound.

Concomitant diseases (jaundice, sepsis, leukemia, scarlet fever, hypertension, etc.) can also be attributed to the causes of bleeding from the hole.

Troubleshooting:

As a rule, the effectiveness of stopping such bleeding directly depends on how the doctor correctly identified the causes of hole bleeding:

If the blood comes directly from the tissues of the gums, then he puts stitches on the edges of the wound.

If the source of bleeding is a vessel in the wall of the hole, then the doctor first applies cold locally, then tightly squeezes the bleeding vessel and places a swab soaked in a special hemostatic agent into the hole. The tampon is removed no earlier than five days later.

If local methods do not help, the doctor turns to more serious hemostatic general remedies.

Defects.

Neighboring teeth, after the removal of the diseased incisor, begin to gradually tilt, namely, towards the removed tooth. This leads to the fact that the chewing process is disturbed, the chewing load increases to a large extent. As a result, the general condition of the jaw is disturbed and bite deformity is formed.

Each person should remember that only careful observance of all the recommendations of the attending physician will avoid complications that are possible after tooth extraction. Therefore, follow all the doctor's instructions, this will reduce the risk of unpleasant complications.

Extraction of teeth in children: features of the procedure

Of course, the removal of milk incisors in babies has a list of features. It should be noted right away that the dentist must make such a decision with all responsibility in order to prevent the occurrence of a mass of violations, for example, such as the formation of malocclusion and violation of the integrity of the so-called rudiments of permanent incisors.

Milk teeth are removed by a doctor with such indications:

• When the crumbs have complicated forms of caries that are not treatable.
• When a tooth begins to interfere with the normal eruption of the next/permanent tooth.

Before a woman, the question arises - what to do: continue to suffer from pain, or still decide and remove a tooth? In fact, only a specialist, namely a surgeon-stomatologist, should decide for a woman. Yes, the statement that pregnancy is a contraindication to the procedure for removing teeth, but only this contraindication cannot be considered absolute.

Every pregnant woman should definitely visit the dentist at least once every 3 months for preventive examination oral cavity. In addition, the doctor provides useful advice that help with dental care. But when the expectant mother has toothache, she needs an unscheduled visit to her dentist. And, if she has a short pregnancy, she must personally inform the dentist about the pregnancy.

Of course, any intervention on the part of surgery in the body is a strong stress for every expectant mother. It is for this reason that all planned tooth extractions, as a rule, are carried out either after or before pregnancy, but during it - exclusively for emergency reasons. Fortunately, pharmacologists have already developed special safe anesthetics for pregnant women that are not able to penetrate the placental barrier, and, accordingly, they do not cause the slightest harm to the fetus.

Never forget that regular and proper care behind the entire oral cavity - this is the key to the health of your teeth.

Parfenov Ivan Anatolievich Updated: 07/17/2018

The condition after tooth extraction cannot be called pleasant, but how to understand what is considered the norm, and in what cases do you need to urgently seek help? The article discusses the symptoms characteristic of the postoperative period, as well as the rules of conduct in the first hours and days after the completion of medical manipulations.

How is the normal healing of the hole after tooth extraction

After extracting the fragments of the tooth, the hole is treated with an antiseptic and closed with a cotton swab to stop bleeding. If the operation was successful, then the blood stops after 20-30 minutes.

Over the next 3 hours, a blood clot forms in the recess of the hole, which acts as a protective layer that prevents infections and pathogenic bacteria from penetrating into the wound.

Normal healing symptoms:

• formation in the first hours after the operation of a blood clot;
• pain in the area of ​​the extracted tooth (sometimes pain radiates to the ear, eyes and neighboring areas of the prepared side);
• a slight increase in temperature;
• swelling of the gums, cheeks;
• difficulty swallowing food or drinks;
• violation of other functions of the jaw.

All of these symptoms are normal, the peak of their manifestations occurs on the second day after the operation. The fourth day is considered the control date, then all signs should, if not disappear, then gradually pass.

Stages of healing

The healing process of soft tissues in the area of ​​the hole normally lasts about 2 weeks. Bone tissues are restored only after 4-5 months.

rehabilitation period conditionally divided into the following stages:

1. After 2-4 hours after the operation, a blood clot is formed. At this time, it is important not to injure the operated area.
2. After 2-3 days symptomatic manifestations are reduced: swelling decreases in size, body temperature is within normal limits, pain is not very pronounced.
3. After 3-4 days on top of the blood clot, granulation tissue is formed, which is the basis for the growth of a new epithelial layer.
4. After 5-7 days significant changes are observed in the clot area, granulation tissue covers most of the hole. Pain and swelling disappear completely.
5. After 7-8 days the hole after the removed tooth overgrows, the remains of the clot are observed only in the depth of the hole.
6. After 1-2 weeks bone tissue is actively formed in the recess, the hole is completely covered with an epithelial layer.
7. After 1-2 months the newly formed bone tissue fills the hole from the edges to the center, which is filled with mature epithelium.
8. After 2-3 months the bone tissue in the hole is saturated with minerals. In the absence of complications, the recovery process is considered almost complete, but some areas of the alveolar process still have focal zones of osteoporosis, which is confirmed by x-rays.
9. After 5-6 months the patient can be implanted. The bone tissue by this time is finally restored and is ready for implantation of the pin.

Rules of conduct after tooth extraction

The process of healing the wound will be fast if you follow the simple rules of behavior after the operation:

1. A swab that stops bleeding should be removed 15-25 minutes after insertion.
2. For 3 hours after tooth extraction, it is not recommended to eat.
3. On the day of surgery and after it, you should stop drinking alcohol, spicy food, hot dishes.
4. To eliminate the pain syndrome, you need to take an anesthetic.
5. On the cheek from the side where the operation was performed, it is necessary to apply a cold compress (3-4 times a day for 15 minutes).
6. When eating, chew with the healthy side of the jaw.
7. For 3-4 days, avoid overload, hypothermia and overheating, so as not to provoke the development of inflammation.
8. Follow all doctor's recommendations for taking medications and prophylactic.
9. Do not lick the blood clot from the hole with your tongue.
10. It is recommended to immediately contact the clinic if anxiety symptoms appear.

The behavior of the patient after the removal of the wisdom tooth is not much different from general recommendations. But there are still some additions:

• the first two days you can not open your mouth wide;
• do not rinse the oral cavity for 1-2 days after the operation, so as not to interfere with the formation of tissues;
• exclude solid food from the diet;
• give up bad habits(cigarettes, alcohol).

Can I smoke?

It is difficult for smokers to give up their habit due to the fact that with the help of a cigarette they get an imaginary discharge. But this should not be done after surgery, at least in the first hours. Cigar smoke contains resins and chemicals that irritate the surface of soft tissues.

After smoking, bleeding is provoked, pain increases, which slows down the healing of the hole. It also increases the risk of infection and complications.

Associated symptoms and what they indicate

Tooth extraction is an operative intervention, which provides for the dissection of tissues. The operation itself is simple, but the anatomical features of the patient and the state of his health make adjustments to the recovery process. It is recommended to control the situation, focusing on the symptoms.

Care and treatment after the procedure

In order for the healing process of the hole after the removal of the hole to go quickly and without complications, you need to follow the general rules:

• avoid hot food and drinks;
• limit alcohol intake and cigarette smoking;
• do not rinse your mouth on the first day after surgery;
• do not give a load when chewing food on that part of the jaw where the operation was performed;
• eating after tooth extraction can be planned only after 2 hours, not earlier;
• when performing oral hygiene, you should not touch the blood clot in the hole, so as not to damage it;
• when preparing for bed, you need to put another pillow so that your head remains elevated.

In cases where there is a high risk of inflammation or a pain syndrome, specialists prescribe medications:

• painkillers- Analgin, Pentalgin, Nurofen, Ksefokam, Nise;
• antibiotics- Lincomycin, Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Metronidazole, Cifran;
• antipyretic- Efferalgan, Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Nimulide.

For local processing, the following means are used:

• Asepta gel- relieves irritation, redness, promotes cell regeneration, prevents the reproduction of microorganisms;
• Holisal ointment- has an antiseptic and analgesic effect, promotes cell regeneration;
• Streptocid ointment– antibiotic local action, resists the spread of pathogens such as toxoplasmosis, herpes, chlamydia, intestinal and Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
• Levomekol ointment- antimicrobial agent, relieves inflammation, starts the regenerative function.

It is effective to carry out rinsing with antiseptic solutions 3-4 times a day. Among the most popular:

• Salvin;
• Rotokan;
• Chlorophyllipt;
• Novoimanin;
• Furacilin.

In the absence of the listed funds, procedures can be carried out using proven folk recipes: decoctions of chamomile, calendula, sage, a solution of soda (1 tsp per glass of water). It is easy to prepare, just pour a tablespoon of dried flowers with boiling water (200 ml) and cover with a lid, let it brew for 30-40 minutes.

The mouth should be filled with a small portion of the liquid; when rinsing, do not make sudden movements, especially from the side of the hole. The product should rinse the well for at least 30 seconds.

How to remove pain and inflammation?

The body is under stress during the operation, so it is recommended to take a day off for a couple of days to rest. Active pastime and loads are strictly prohibited.

To muffle the pain and relieve swelling, you should periodically apply a cold compress to your cheek for 15-20 minutes. The main thing is not to overdo it with the cold, so as not to provoke inflammation.

In case of severe pain, it is necessary to take an anesthetic. If the pain intensifies on the second day, and the drug used does not have the desired effect, you need to contact the clinic.

If redness appears near the hole, the temperature rises, it means that the inflammatory process has begun. Anti-inflammatory drugs will help to remove it.

How long does the hole normally heal

Normally, the hole is tightened 7-10 days after the operation. This can be noted by the missing symptoms: pain, swelling, inflammation. The healing process is sometimes delayed for a number of reasons:

• when the hole is infected;
• due to inflammation
• development of complications;
• age factors;
• due to a surgeon's error;
• after complex operation, in which the dissection of the gums was used in several places to remove the roots;
• after wisdom tooth extraction.

If on the third day the symptoms do not subside, then you need to urgently seek qualified help.

You can speed up the healing of the hole by following all the doctor's instructions regarding hygiene, processing the hole, and taking the prescribed drugs. Special ointments and gels of local action, which have the ability to inhibit the inflammatory process and regenerate cells, can also help.

Factors affecting the rate of healing

The healing time may be longer, due to the influence of the following factors:

• patient's age(the regeneration process is slower, metabolism is disturbed), the process of wound healing in people after 40 years is delayed for 1-2 weeks;
• immunity(weakened protective functions of the body provoke infection, rapid reproduction of microorganisms);
• invasiveness of the procedure(soft tissue injury in combination with the inept actions of the surgeon and anatomical features roots leads to longer healing of the hole);
• well infection after the removal of a single-rooted tooth, it delays the healing process for a week, units with several roots - for 2-3 weeks;
• location of the extracted tooth affects the quality of antiseptic treatments, lateral molars are more difficult to clean from food particles, which provokes the formation of pathogenic microflora;
• oral hygiene(with insufficient hygiene, the risk of inflammation and secondary infection increases).

Possible Complications

Sometimes, even with all the rules for the care and processing of the hole, complications develop. Delay in treatment in such cases is not recommended. Possible complications:

• Alveolitis

  Alveolitis. The disease, the signs of which are pain, swelling, general weakness, inflammation, develops due to the absence of a blood clot. The hole, left without protection, becomes available to infections.
  The danger of the disease lies in the transition of inflammation to the alveolar process and the development of osteomyelitis. The success of treatment depends on the degree of neglect of the process.
  As mandatory measures, specialists scrape the hole again, drain it, and prescribe analgesics and antibiotics from medicines.

• Cyst

  Cyst. A neoplasm in soft tissues with a location near the root zone appears as a result of infection of the hole or an inflammatory process. The sac contains fluid from dead cells and bacteria. If the cyst is not removed in a timely manner, sepsis (blood poisoning) may occur.
  The formation of a cyst is provoked by the following factors: prolonged retention of the tampon in the well, dry socket, non-compliance with the doctor's recommendations for care.
  Treatment involves surgery to clean the tissues from the neoplasm and drug therapy using anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents.

• Flux

  Flux. The disease develops against the background of an inflammatory process occurring on the periosteum of the alveolar process.
  Reasons: damage to the blood clot or lack of treatment for alveolitis.
  As a treatment, it is planned to open the purulent focal zone and conduct antibacterial therapy.

• Purulent inflammation of the periodontium

  Inflammation of the periodontium. The disease appears, as a rule, against the background of a dry socket or after a blood clot has fallen out. The wound is filled with granulation and fibrous tissue, pus.
  The gum swells, bleeds, there is a strong pulsation. The focus is localized at the edge of the gum surface. To solve the problem, an integrated approach is taken:

  • curettage;
  • antibacterial therapy;
  • treatment of the hole with antiseptics;
  • taking antibiotics.
• Hematomas

  Hematoma. This complication often occurs as a result of laborious tooth extraction, when long roots are to be extracted.
  The usual way to do the operation does not work, so you have to press on the gum, as a result of which the blood enters the soft tissues.
  You can eliminate the hematoma with the help of special ointments and gels.

• Bleeding

  Bleeding. It can occur both immediately after surgery, and after 12-24 hours. The complication can be caused by several factors: the use of adrenaline, vascular damage, non-compliance with the rules of behavior in the postoperative period. The loss of blood for the body is dangerous, as the functioning of all vital systems is disrupted.
  The problem is eliminated by applying cold, squeezing the vessel, using a hemostatic agent, or suturing the gum.

• 
  dry hole

  Dry hole. This effect is obtained due to an unformed blood clot or as a result of its damage. Signs of the disease: pain, sometimes radiating to the ear, reddening of the tissues around the hole, a specific smell in the mouth.
  Dry socket can also be provoked by: smoking, poor hygiene, frequent rinsing of the mouth, mechanical impact on the wound.
  When detecting mild and medium degree the complexity of the disease, doctors prescribe antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial therapy. Severe cases require hospitalization and complex treatment.

Features of the innervation of the upper and lower jaw

The superior and inferior alveolar nerves innervate the following anatomical structures:

• gums;
• periodontium - a complex of tissues surrounding the tooth root;
• teeth: dental nerves, together with vessels, enter the pulp through an opening in the root apex.

How long does pain last after tooth extraction?

Factors on which it depends:

• complexity of the intervention: the location of the tooth (incisors, canines, small or large molars), the condition of the tooth and its surrounding bone tissue, the size of the tooth root;


• compliance with the recommendations of the dentist after removal: if they are fulfilled, then it is possible to completely avoid pain;


• doctor's experience how carefully the doctor removes teeth;


• equipment dental clinic : the more modern tools are used to remove a tooth, the less pain will bother;


• patient features: some people feel pain more acutely, others - not so much.

What if the pain persists for a long time?

What does the hole look like after tooth extraction?

What should be done after tooth extraction?

• Avoid physical activity. Rest should be as passive as possible. At least during the first two days after tooth extraction.
• Do not eat during the first 2-3 hours after the manipulation. Food injures a fresh wound and leads to pain, which can then be maintained for a long time.
• For several days, you can not chew food on the side where the tooth was removed.
• Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol for several days. Cigarette smoke and ethyl alcohol irritate the mucous membrane of the gums, provoke the development and intensification of pain.
• You can not touch the hole with your tongue, touch it with toothpicks and any other objects. There is a blood clot in the hole, which is very important for healing. If food particles get into the hole during chewing, then you should not try to remove them: you can remove the clot with them. It is better to rinse your mouth after eating.
• Mouth rinses after tooth extraction are helpful. But do not start them from the first day.
• If the pain gets worse, you can take painkillers. But before that, it is highly advisable to consult a doctor.

How to rinse your mouth after tooth extraction?

How to rinse your mouth after tooth extraction?

Rinse your mouth starting from 2 days, as prescribed by the dentist. In this case, intensive rinsing is unacceptable, as it can lead to the removal of a blood clot. Baths are carried out: the patient collects a small amount of liquid in his mouth and keeps it near the hole for 1 to 3 minutes. The liquid is then spit out.

How to eat right after tooth extraction?

• take only soft food
• avoid sweet and very hot
• do not drink drinks through a straw
• give up alcohol
• do not use toothpicks: replace them with mouth rinses (baths) after each meal

How long can a hole bleed after a tooth extraction?

Measures that can be taken if severe bleeding occurs a few hours after tooth extraction:

• Bite the gauze swab on the hole and hold it for a while. The blood must stop.


• Apply cold to the place where the extracted tooth is located.

Cheek swelling after tooth extraction

The reasons.

If the edema is severe enough and persists for a long time, then, most likely, its cause is an inflammatory process.

Possible causes of the inflammatory process that causes cheek swelling after tooth extraction:

• errors in the doctor's compliance with the rules of asepsis and antisepsis during tooth extraction
• violation of the recommendations of the dentist by the patient
• insufficient sanitation (cleansing from pathogens) by the dentist of the wound after tooth extraction
• allergic reactions on drugs that were used during the manipulation;
• decrease in the immune defenses of the patient's body

What to do?

• in the first few hours - applying cold to the cheek
• followed by the application of dry heat.

• swelling is very pronounced
• swelling does not go away for a long time
• there is severe pain that lasts for a long time
• body temperature rises to 39 - 40⁰C
• the general well-being of the patient is disturbed: there is a headache, increased fatigue, drowsiness, lethargy
• over time, these symptoms not only do not decrease, but also increase even more

Increased body temperature after tooth extraction

The reasons.

What to do?

Complications after tooth extraction.

Dry hole.

Causes of dry socket:

• after tooth extraction, a blood clot did not form in the hole


• a clot formed but was then removed due to eating hard food on the first day after removal, rinsing too hard, trying to remove food that got into the socket with toothpicks and other hard objects.

If you suspect that you have this complication, you should visit your dentist as soon as possible. As a rule, the doctor applies compresses with medicinal substances to the tooth and gives the patient further recommendations. The main goals of dry socket treatment are to speed up the healing process and prevent the development of alveolitis.

Alveolitis.

• Violation by the patient of the recommendations of the dentist after tooth extraction, the rules of oral hygiene.


• Damage and removal of a blood clot located in the hole. Most often this happens during attempts to get stuck food particles, with intensive rinsing.


• Insufficient processing of the hole, violation by the dentist of the rules of asepsis and antisepsis during tooth extraction.


• Decreased immunity in the patient.

• A few days after the extraction of the tooth, the pain increases with renewed vigor and does not go away.


• An increase in body temperature over 38⁰C.


• The appearance of a characteristic bad breath.


• Touching the gums is accompanied by severe pain.


• Deterioration of the patient's well-being: headache, fatigue, drowsiness.

Alveolitis treatment

If you experience the symptoms described above, you should immediately visit the dentist.

Activities that take place in the dentist's office:

• Anesthesia (an injection into the gum of a solution of lidocaine or novocaine).
• Removal of an infected blood clot, thorough cleaning of the hole.
• If necessary - curettage holes - its scraping, removal of all foreign bodies, granulations.
• Treatment of the inner surface of the hole with antiseptic solutions.
• A swab soaked in medicine is placed on the well.

Used antibiotics

• periostitis- inflammation of the periosteum of the jaw
• abscesses and phlegmons- ulcers under the mucous membrane, skin
• osteomyelitis- inflammation of the jaw

Rare complications after tooth extraction

Osteomyelitis

Symptoms of osteomyelitis of the jaw:

• strong pain, which grows with time
• severe swelling on the face at the site of the extracted tooth
• increase in body temperature
• malaise: headaches, fatigue, drowsiness
• subsequently, inflammation can spread to neighboring teeth, capture more and more areas of the bone, while the patient's well-being worsens

Directions of treatment:

• surgical intervention


• antibiotic use

Nerve damage

If the nerve is damaged during tooth extraction, numbness of the oral mucosa is noted in the area of ​​the cheeks, lips, tongue, and palate (depending on the location of the tooth). Nerve injuries are usually minor and resolve within a few days. If recovery does not occur, you should consult a doctor. Physiotherapy will be scheduled.