3 forms of irregular verbs. How many forms do irregular verbs have? Verbs with a vowel change: i - a - u

Irregular Verbs in English, these are verbs that have special forms (Past Simple) and (Past Participle). Among them there are both very common (feel - to feel, speak - to speak), and rare (cleave - to dissect, forswear - to renounce). The tables below show common irregular verbs.

Read also:

Despite the fact that irregular verbs change in a special way, they still have some regularity. In the table below, the verbs are given with translation and transcription and are distributed on the basis of matching forms:

1. Verbs AAA - all three forms are the same (cut - cut - cut, cut).
2. Verbs ABA - the 1st and 3rd forms coincide (run - ran - run, run).
3. ABB verbs - the 2nd and 3rd forms coincide (teach - taught - taught, teach).
4. ABC verbs - all forms are different (know - knew - known, know).

Inside the table, words are distributed not alphabetically, but by frequency, i.e. the higher the word, the more often it is used. Attached to the tables pdf files- they can be printed, pasted on cardboard and cut out cards for memorizing words.

Pay attention to the words read and wind. In the 2nd and 3rd forms, read is read as . And the verb wind - to twist, should not be confused with the noun wind - wind.

The Ten Most Basic Irregular Verbs

Among the commonly used irregular verbs, one can distinguish the most basic. They need to be known first. Start learning verbs from them, not in alphabetical order. You can learn them literally in 5-10 minutes.

These verbs need to be learned first

Notes:

1. Over time, some verbs from irregular have almost turned into regular ones. For example, even in not very old textbooks it is written that the verb to work- incorrect, it has the form: work - wrought - wrought. Now form wrought almost never used, except in established expressions like "wrought iron" (forged iron), so I did not include it in this table.
2. Verbs to learn(learn), to lean(lean) are also more often used as correct ones: learned, leaned, especially in the USA.
3. Pay attention to forms read-read-read. The word is spelled the same but pronounced differently.
4. Don't confuse the verb wind(twist) and noun wind- wind. They are spelled the same but have different pronunciations and meanings.
5. In the British version, the verbs sew pronounced like , in American as .
6. This table did not include the three most common verbs in English (all three are incorrect), which are devoted to separate articles - these are the verbs,.

In English, every verb has three forms. The first form is called infinitive (infinitive), the second - simple past (simple past), and the third - past participle (past participle) or simply participle II. Thus, a verb in the third form in English technically ceases to be a verb and becomes a participle. The term "third form of the verb" is not used by native speakers, which, however, also applies to the first two forms. They are designated by numbers only by foreigners studying English, so as not to be confused.

Formation of the third form of the verb

For regular verbs, the third form is formed in the same way as the second - by adding the ending -ed:

Play-played-played

Love - loved - loved

call - called - called

In irregular verbs, the third form is formed in different ways. Sometimes it coincides with the first two forms, or only with the first, and sometimes it does not look like them:

cut-cut-cut

Run-ran-run

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Write - wrote - written

Cases of using the third form of the verb

Perfect tenses

Present perfect - present perfect tense:

She hasn't finished her assignment yet - She has not completed her assignment yet.
I still haven't found my keys - I haven't found my keys yet.

Past perfect - past perfect tense:

Chris was ill because he had eaten too much chocolate - Chris was sick because he ate too much chocolate.
She missed the bus because she hadn't set her alarm - She missed the bus because she didn't set the alarm.

Future perfect - future perfect tense:

Jamie will have been in Australia for one year in April - In April it will be a year since Jamie is in Australia.
He will have gone by the time you arrive - He will have already left by the time you arrive.

Conditional sentences

If his passport had not been stolen, Adam would have gone to Brazil - If his passport had not been stolen, Adam would have gone to Brazil.
I wouldn't have known if you hadn't told me - I wouldn't have known if you hadn't told me.

Passive voice

The west coast of The USA was struck by torrential rain last night - Heavy rain hit the west coast of the USA last night.
The painting was stolen in the middle of the night - The painting was stolen in the middle of the night.

As an adjective

The stolen baby was found by the police unharmed - The kidnapped child was found by the police unharmed.
Dean's broken arm was set in plaster by the doctor at the hospital - The doctor put a plaster cast on Dean's broken arm in the hospital.
Please bring all of the required documents for your interview tomorrow - Please bring all the required documents for your interview tomorrow.

Answering this question, you need to define the goal: why do I need English? If, for example, you are going to take the TOEFL...

Third form of the verb

The third form of the verb is the passive participle of this verb, that is, the form of the type: done, read, written. However, in English the third form is used not only as a participle, but also in a number of other grammatical constructions. Therefore, in English, all verbs, without exception, have a third form, including those that the passive participle cannot form in meaning, for example: walk, sit, stand, and others. The third form of most verbs is formed by adding the ending –ed. However, a number of verbs form their third form without any rules. The forms of such verbs must be memorized.

Multiplicity Expression

To form the plural of countable nouns, the ending -s. To express plurality in English, words like many, much, a lot of, lots of denoting...

Second form of the verb

The second, or past, form of the verb denotes forms like: did, wrote, read. The second form of most verbs is formed with the ending –ed("call - called, play - played, paint - painted"). However, some verbs...

All temporary constructions in the active voice

Irregular verbs in English have 3 forms. The first is the infinitive or initial form(as the word is written in the dictionary), the second is used to form the Past Simple tense, and the third is the past participle (used to form the tenses of the Perfect group, passive voice and some other forms).

Often students ask the question: how many irregular verbs are there in English? Various educational resources lead different variants, and sometimes the lists are up to a thousand words! But don't be alarmed: there are about two hundred basic verbs, and it is absolutely realistic to learn them, and the number of words often increases due to the fact that words with the same stems are included in the list. For example, the verb "make": make - made - made and the verb "remake": remake - remade - remade are often considered separate words, although the prefix "re" is just added.

Verbs can be taught simply alphabetically, or they can be divided into several groups according to the formation of the second and third forms, which are similar for many verbs. Below are the verbs divided according to this principle.

Invariable verbs:

Verbs with the same second and third forms

Verbs with the same second and third forms ending in -t

–ught verbs

Verbs with -d changed to -t

Verbs with a vowel change: i - a - u

Verbs with the same first and third forms

Verbs with a double consonant in the third form

Verbs with a short vowel in the second and third forms

Verbs with -e- in the second form and third form in -wn

Verbs with a third form ending in –en

Verb- this is an independent part of speech that answers the questions what to do ?, what to do? (be, learn, dream, go…)

According to the method of formation of past tense forms (V2) and past participles (V3), all English verbs are divided into 2 groups: regular (Regular Verbs) and irregular verbs (Irregular verbs).

The English verb has three forms. The verb forms are denoted by Roman numerals I, II, III.

I form(or an infinitive without to), for example: to make (to do) - make - the first, or main form that answers the question what to do ?, what to do? With the help of the first form of the verb, the Present Simple Tense is formed. When forming Present Simple Tense, the ending is added to the I form of the verb in the 3rd person singular (he, she, it - he, she, it) -s or -es(he jumpes, she jumpes, it jumpes, he cries, she cries, it cries, he does, she does, it does) . With the rest of the pronouns (I, we, you, you, they - I, we, you, you, they), the I form of the verb is used unchanged.

II form serves to form the simple past tense (Past Simple Tense). When forming the simple past tense, both regular and irregular verbs are used. Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding the suffix form I to the stem –ed(jump - jumped - jump - jumped) . If the verb is not regular, then its past tense form corresponds to the second column in the table of irregular verbs (be - was / were, do - did, make - made).

III form- Communion II (Participle II) - special shape a verb that denotes a sign of an object by action and answers the questions of an adjective (lost, baked, done). For regular verbs III, the form coincides with II: jump (I) - jumped (II) - jumped (III) (jump - jumped - jumped). II and III forms of irregular verbs can be formed in various ways, indicated below.

Regular verbs

Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding the suffix form I to the stem – ed (- d), which is pronounced like:

• [ d] after vowels and voiced consonants: to clean (clean) - cleaned (cleaned); to play (play) - played (played);
• [ t] after the deaf: to work (work) - worked (worked), to look (watch) - looked (looked);
• after [d] and [t]: to want (want) - wanted (wanted), to mend (repair) - mended (repaired).

When forming II and III forms of verbs, pay attention to the following spelling rules:

• If the I form is a short root syllable and ends with one consonant, then when adding the ending –ed the last vowel of the root is doubled: to stop (stop) - sto pped(has stopped).
• -y, preceded by a consonant, the letter y changes to i: to carry (carry) - carried (carried), to study (learn) - studied (studied). But if the stem of the verb ends in -y, which is preceded by a vowel, then the stem of the verb is simply added - ed: to play (play) - played (played), to stay (stay) - stayed (stayed).
• If the stem of the verb ends in -e, which is not pronounced, then the II and III forms of the verb are formed by adding the ending - d: to arrive (arrive) - arrived (arrived).

Irregular Verbs

Irregular Verbs- these are verbs that have special, fixed forms of the past tense and participles, their forms do not have a clear education algorithm and are learned by memorizing: to make (to do) - made (done) - made (done). Most English irregular verbs are native English, derived from verbs that existed in Old English. Most irregular verbs exist as remnants of historical systems of conjugation (changing the verb by person - I'm coming, you're coming, he's coming...).

Irregular verbs are used to form the past simple (Past Simple), present perfect (Present Simple), past perfect tenses (Past Perfect), in the passive voice (Passive voice), when converting direct speech into indirect (Reported speech), in conditional sentences(Conditional sentences).

table of irregular verbs

How to remember forms of irregular verbs?