Why do lymph nodes often become inflamed. Treatment of lymph nodes

Lymph nodes are organs of the immune system that serve as protection against pathogens. They filter the source of infection, destroy pathogenic viruses and bacteria and prevent them from entering the body.

If the lymph nodes swell, increase in size, then this indicates the presence of an infection nearby. This may be a reflection of a specific independent disease, or an indirect echo of other pathologies of the body.

Causes and symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

The inflammatory process that takes place in the lymph nodes is called lymphadenitis.

In this case, when pressing on the inflamed cervical lymph nodes:

• there is a feeling of pain;
• there is a general malaise;
• body temperature rises;
• headache occurs.

Sometimes there may be pain when swallowing.

In the most severe cases of lymphadenitis, suppuration is formed in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe nodes and the neck swells strongly.

Cervical lymphadenitis is the most common, it occurs due to:

• sore throats;
• tonsillitis;
• flu;
• caries;
• gingivitis;
• periodontal disease.

What does inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck look like: photo

Unfortunately, the lymph nodes can swell very much, and not only in adults.

What tests should be done for inflammation of the lymph nodes and which doctor should I contact?

First of all, you need to refer to therapist or family doctor. He, in turn, will visual inspection , find out the presence chronic diseases and past illnesses. Further appointed blood and urine tests for infection. Infection is present in any case, once the lymph nodes have reacted to the pathogen.

Lymph nodes near the ears, jaw, neck indicate infection in the mouth, upper respiratory tract, ears, nasal cavity. In such cases, additional consultation with a narrow otolaryngologist . He can guide you take a culture from the pharynx and nasal cavity for the presence of pathogenic microflora . You may need to undergo an ultrasound scan.

If everything is in order with the above organs, then the increase in nodes may be a symptom of other diseases, such as tuberculosis, syphilis, diseases associated with thyroid gland , for example.

Then give directions to:

• endocrinologist;
• immunologist;
• infectious disease specialist;
• surgeon
• oncologist.

To rule out the possibility of cancer cells, x-rays may be ordered CT scan.

If the tests and studies prescribed by the doctor did not help determine the cause of the increase lymph nodes , then it is necessary to carry them out biopsy . Tissue is taken from the inflamed node, which is then examined in the laboratory. This method of research is done as a last resort, but its result is the most correct.

In each individual case, the doctor may prescribe a number of additional tests.

What is dangerous inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck?

If you let the problem of swollen lymph nodes take their course, you may experience serious complications. The cervical lymph nodes are close to the head, that is, to the brain, its inflammation may begin - meningitis .

Also, pus that accumulates in inflamed lymph nodes, can contribute to blood poisoning - sepsis . The infection through the blood enters all organs and systems, and this is extremely dangerous.

How to treat inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck in an adult at home?

Alternative methods of treatment can only serve as an adjunct to the main treatment. to help relieve pain and swelling. Before self-medicating, consult your doctor.

Before you start using a folk remedy, make sure that it does not cause you allergies.

To flush out toxins from the body, it is important to drink plenty of fluids. To prepare healing decoctions:

• Combine oregano, yarrow and dried hop cones. Take 1 tsp of this collection and 2 tsp of horsetail, pour a glass of boiling water and simmer in a water bath for 10-15 minutes. Let the broth brew, then strain it. Take 0.5 st half an hour before meals 3 times a day.
• The same can be done only with horsetail. For 1 tbsp - a glass of boiling water. If the course of treatment is long, alternate it with knotweed every seven days.
• Instead of simple tea, brew twice a day the color of lavender, wormwood, elderberry. To collect, take an equal amount of these plants.
• Fresh mint and blackcurrant leaves are also suitable for brewing.

As a general tonic, the following tinctures are used:

• ginseng;
• propolis;
• echinacea.

Accept these drugs to raise immunity according to the instructions, diluting the required number of drops in water.

Rinsing will help if the focus of infection has arisen in oral cavity, use solutions with the following components:

• Salt;
• Baking soda;
• Pharmaceutical camomile;
• calendula flowers;
• Aloe juice.

It is impossible to heat or apply warm compresses to inflamed lymph nodes, this can only aggravate the situation.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck: how many days does it take?

• If a swollen lymph nodes are an indirect symptom of some not very serious disease, then their swelling goes away on its own in a few days or weeks . As the inflammation in the “affected” area is removed, the enlarged lymph nodes will also return to normal.
• Only a doctor is able to determine the severity of the disease, which resulted in enlarged lymph nodes.
• In the presence of pus in inflamed lymph nodes open and install drainage .
• If the node has grown in the presence of oncology patient, it may be necessary surgical intervention, chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
• It happens that with its increase lymph nodes react to an allergen . Then you need to exclude the irritant and take a course of anti-allergic therapy. In such cases, the degree and speed of recovery depends on the quality of treatment and the defenses of the human body.

Inflammation of the lymph node on the neck on the right: what does it mean and how to treat it?

If the lymph node on the right side of the neck has enlarged and is worried, then this may indicate:

• Infections of the mouth, throat;
• Failure of the right side of the thyroid gland;
• Enlargement of the right tonsil.
• Other diseases arising from infections of the tongue, teeth, mouth, face. But they tend to be diagnosed less frequently than the ones mentioned above.

Inflammation of the left lymph node in the neck

Pain in the lymph nodes in the neck on the left is usually caused by the same factors as the cervical lymph nodes on the right. But apart from this, it can be assumed that left-sided inflammation of the lymph nodes occurs due to inflammation in the peritoneum and organs abdominal cavity.

Also in this regard, the following diseases are diagnosed:

• Infectious mononucleosis;
• cytomegalovirus;
• toxoplasmosis.

According to statistics, every fourth case of inflammation of the cervical lymph nodes is accompanied by a general inflammation of the entire lymphatic system. This, in turn, is manifested by a number of unpleasant symptoms. Therefore, in any case, you need to consult a doctor in order to identify the disease in time and not start it.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the back of the neck

Often swollen lymph nodes on the back of the neck arises from manifestations infectious mononucleosis . This disease is also accompanied by swelling of the face and pain in the neck. Children are more likely to experience these symptoms than adults.

Epstein-Barr infection provokes the development of mononucleosis therefore, if a disease is suspected, a study is carried out for its presence.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck behind the ear

The parotid lymph nodes are located along the line of the posterior auricular vein. In the presence of inflammation, they harden, swell and increase in volume.

The reason for this is often the following diseases:

• otitis;
• furuncle of the external auditory canal;
• eustachitis;
• inflammation of the auditory nerve;
• mumps;
• rubella.

Also, this inflammatory process can cause diseases that develop in the oral cavity.

If the lymph node does not hurt and there is no suppuration in it, then the inflammation will go away by itself due to the elimination of the underlying disease. If the lymph node is affected by the cells of pathogens, then lymphadenitis begins to develop.

Inflammation of the submandibular lymph nodes in the neck

Temperature with inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

Among the general symptoms, which manifests itself with inflammation of the lymph nodes, an increase in temperature is also indicated. As usual, if it exceeds 38 ° C, then you need to take an antipyretic. When anti-inflammatory therapy of the underlying disease is carried out, the accompanying symptoms disappear, and lymphadenitis gradually disappears.

If the inflammation of the lymph nodes has acquired chronic form , then with a decrease in immunity or hypothermia, it repeats again and again. Then temperature may increase slightly . It is necessary to carefully examine and carry out a complete disinfection of the focus of infection.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck with angina

When entering the oral cavity pathogenic microflora first comes into contact with the palatine tonsils . If they cannot cope with microbes, a person becomes ill with tonsillitis or chronic tonsillitis, for example. The palatine tonsils, like the lymph nodes, are part of the lymphatic system of the human body and perform the same drainage function. Therefore, their relationship is very close. With the defeat of the tonsils, the infection spreads further, covering the nearby lymph nodes. In this case, neck.

It hurts to swallow with inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

One of the symptoms of swollen lymph nodes is pain when swallowing. The reason for this may be infections of the upper respiratory tract. Or areas of the oral cavity are affected by various pathogens, perhaps there is dental caries.

Chronic and frequent inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

At chronic form inflammation of the lymph nodes increases, but all other symptoms characteristic of inflammation may be absent. The pain may or may not bother you. The most common cause of chronic lymphadenitis is a decrease in the body's defenses. Therefore, the patient's therapy will be aimed at increasing immunity in general.

This is facilitated by the intake of various immunomodulators. That's just to identify the cause of the disease and prescribe an effective and safe treatment only by a specialist.

In this case, it is necessary to conduct an examination and exclude the presence of tumors.

Severe purulent inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

If the inflammation of the lymph nodes is acute and accompanied by suppuration, then you must follow all the doctor's advice:

• Take a course of antibiotic therapy. Dosage and duration of administration must be strictly observed.
• Observe bed rest, drink plenty of fluids, immunostimulants and vitamins.
• Possible physical therapy if there is complete confidence in the absence of tumors: currents, laser radiation, phonophoresis with anti-inflammatory drugs.

How to relieve inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck?

Anti-inflammatory drugs for inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

If the inflammation was caused by viruses, then general strengthening therapy is prescribed for the body with an immunomodulating effect to help fight this virus. For example, such drugs:

Pills for inflammation of the lymph nodes

In some cases, the doctor prescribes drugs similar to adrenal hormones, they are very effective in combating inflammation, these are:

Ointment for inflammation of the lymph nodes

For effective complex treatment with inflamed lymph nodes, both internal and external treatments.

Bandages lubricated with ointments can be applied to enlarged lymph nodes, for example:

• Heparin ointment improves blood flow, reduces inflammation, removes congestion.
• Ichthyol ointment and Vishnevsky ointment have antibacterial properties and well draw out purulent masses, relieving inflammation.
• Anesthetic ointments for external use: Diclofenac, ketoprofen also relieve puffiness.

Antibiotics for inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

In case of damage to the cervical lymph nodes by microorganisms , and not viruses, the patient is assigned taking antibiotics . To determine which microbes affect the body, you will need to go through a lot of research and take tests. In the meantime, the disease will progress, so broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed.

It is necessary to strictly observe the dosage of antibiotics prescribed by the doctor. If you yourself reduce the volume of the drug used, then the weak units of the pathogen will die, and the strong units will become even stronger. They will get what is called immunity to the drug.

Injections for inflammation of the lymph nodes

Antibiotics in injections are considered the most acceptable option for taking drugs. Intramuscular administration active substance does not affect the stomach and liver. Therefore, patients who have problems with these organs are recommended intramuscular injections. In addition, in this way, the drug begins to act instantly, when you need to wait a while when taking it orally.

But there are exceptions to every rule: an antibiotic administered intramuscularly is excreted by the kidneys, and if you have serious problems with the genitourinary system and kidneys, this option is contraindicated for you.

Alcohol compress for inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

For such a compress, you can use ordinary medical alcohol, or you can use various tinctures. For example, echinacea tincture. The substance is diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 2 and applied with moistened gauze to the lymph node at night.

Painkillers for inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

Painkillers also have an anti-inflammatory effect, thereby performing a dual function. These remedies also eliminate swelling and reduce the temperature if necessary:

It can be tablets, syrups, suspensions, depending on the age of the patient.

The lymphatic system is considered to be one of the main barriers between infection and body tissues. Getting into the vessels, a bacterium or virus lingers in special formations - nodes. It is there that the contact of foreign microbes with lymphocytes occurs, the task of which is to suppress the pathogen. If a the immune system unable to cope with the disease, the nodes increase and can become inflamed. This process manifests itself not only locally, but also affects the general condition of the body. Therefore, you should know how to determine the increase in lymph nodes in order to suppress the development of the disease in time. Lymphadenitis itself is often considered a secondary disease, but its identification helps to determine the underlying disease.

Anatomy and localization of lymph nodes is normal

lymphatic system represented by a network of vessels of various diameters and the nodes themselves. The formations are round or bean-shaped, elastic to the touch, not painful. Lymph nodes come in different sizes. It depends on their location and condition. On average, the diameter of a healthy node does not exceed 1 centimeter. Depending on the localization, there are several main groups of lymph nodes:

• nodes of the head and neck (collect lymph from organs in the oral cavity, organs of vision, hearing, smell, facial tissues);
• axillary and intrathoracic lymph nodes (lymph passes through them with upper limb, breast and organs chest);
• inguinal lymph nodes (collect lymph from lower limb, internal and external genital organs);
• visceral nodes (lymph flows to them from the abdominal organs, namely the liver, spleen, stomach and intestines).

Healthy nodes are almost impossible to probe. Occasionally they are felt on palpation in the form of small seals. Inflamed lymph nodes look different, significantly increasing in size and causing discomfort when palpated.

How to understand that the lymph nodes are enlarged

The main methods for diagnosing inflammation of the lymph nodes include examination and palpation. This is preceded by the collection of anamnesis, which displays the information received from the patient. When diagnosing lymphadenopathy and lymphadenitis, attention is focused on the localization of pain and uncharacteristic seals under the skin. Inspection involves an assessment of the affected area, which causes a complaint in the patient. This takes into account:

• skin color (presence or absence of redness);
• the size of the lymph node (normally there is no swelling, the organ is not visible);
• the presence of nearby wounds, injuries or skin pathologies (abscesses, hematomas, boils);
• general state patient (weakness, anxiety, sleep disturbance).

The foci of the inflammatory process are carefully probed. There are several ways to understand if the lymph nodes under the skin are enlarged. One of the simplest is palpation. The technique helps to find out the consistency of the lymph node, its size and temperature. At the same time, the cohesion of the formation with the surrounding tissues is assessed. How to check lymph nodes for signs of inflammation:

• ultrasound diagnostics (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the condition of the node;
• clinical and biochemical analysis blood (to identify an infectious agent and changes in blood counts);
• tissue biopsy of the inflamed lymph node (in order to histological analysis tissues of the lymph nodes that are inflamed);
• tests for tumor markers (to detect tumor processes).

As a result of the studies, it is possible to obtain data on the condition of the nodes and the etiology of lymphadenitis. In this case, the degree of tissue damage is assessed and the disease that caused lymphadenitis is detected.

Important! With the help of additional studies, a number of complications can be prevented due to their timely detection.

Clinical signs of inflammation of the lymph nodes

Clinical picture lymphadenitis depends on the degree of development of the pathology, its localization and the underlying cause of the disease. The symptoms are best expressed when the axillary, inguinal and cervical lymph nodes become inflamed. The symptomatology of the pathology includes signs of the underlying cause of the disease and the clinic of the lymphadenitis itself. How to understand that the lymph node is enlarged and there is an inflammatory process:

• an increase in size, which is sometimes noticeable without palpation;
• severe pain during rest, when moving a nearby limb or palpation.
• sensations of discomfort in the area of ​​pathology at rest;
• increase in general and local temperature;
• redness of the skin over the affected node due to a rush of blood to the site of inflammation;
• changes in the consistency of the tissue of the node, its compaction or fluctuations in the presence of pus;
• immobility under the skin during palpation;
• deterioration of the patient's condition, lethargy, impaired appetite and sleep.

Enlarged lymph nodes sometimes do not cause pain in oncology and tuberculosis. For such diseases, their defeat is characteristic only on one side. Secondary Symptoms while pointing to the underlying cause of the disease. In the cervical lymph nodes, these are signs colds, in the axillary - disorders of the mammary gland or lungs. For inflammation inguinal lymph nodes manifestations of pathologies of the pelvic organs and genitals are characteristic. Lymphadenitis can be complicated by the transition of the disease to a purulent form. This necessitates surgical intervention possible removal node.

What to do if the lymph nodes are enlarged or inflamed

If the lymph node is inflamed, then therapy will be aimed not only at the symptoms of the disease, but also at eliminating its cause. Suppression of the etiological factor implies getting rid of lymphadenitis as soon as possible. The inflammation of the lymph nodes itself must be treated if their enlargement or soreness causes discomfort. In most cases, when the root cause of the disease is eliminated, the swelling and pain disappear. If the lymph nodes are enlarged or inflamed, several groups of drugs are used:

If the lymph nodes are enlarged, except pharmacological agents used and physiotherapy. Massages, UHF and electrophoresis show good results. It must be remembered that the treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. Compliance with all prescriptions and dosages significantly speeds up recovery. With the permission of the doctor, you can combine pharmacological and folk remedies. With inflammation of the nodes, compresses, lotions, infusions and decoctions from medicinal herbs. If it was not possible to prevent the transition to a purulent form, surgical intervention is indicated. At the same time, the skin is dissected and the cavity is washed, freeing it from purulent masses and dead tissues of the node.

Lymph nodes are part of the immune system and produce cells that help fight infections. These are a kind of biological filters that delay various infections and prevent them from penetrating the entire body.

The appearance of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck is a fairly common occurrence, most often found in children. Scientifically, it is called cervical lymphadenitis.

Inflammation is localized in the cervical lymph nodes, and it is very dangerous because these same lymph nodes are quite close to the brain. This means that if the cervical region of the lymphatic system does not cope with the infection, then the risk of its penetration into the brain tissue will increase significantly.

In case of inflammation of the cervical lymph nodes, it is urgent to consult a specialist. To timely diagnose and conduct effective drug treatment.

What are lymph nodes for?

An enlarged lymph node is a signal from the immune system, which means that it is no longer able to protect the body itself from an infection that has penetrated into it or a frolic autoimmune inflammation. Most lymph nodes located on the human neck, it is:

• submandibular,
• chin;
• anterior and posterior;
• anterior and posterior;
• submandibular;
• pharyngeal;
• occipital.

Depending on which group or which lymph node has increased, the cause of the inflammation can also be suspected. The functions of the lymph nodes are:

• participation in biochemical processes - exchange;
• the formation of immune cells - immunopoietic;
• stimulation of the reproduction of cells of some organs - stimulating;
• an obstacle to the penetration of foreign substances into the body - barrier.
• the formation of blood cells - lymphocytes - hematopoietic;

Normally, peripheral lymph nodes, including cervical ones, are defined as single rounded formations with a diameter of 3 to 8 mm (submandibular - up to 1 cm, inguinal - up to 1.5 cm), soft, mobile, not soldered to each other and others tissues, painless.

With an increase, the formation loses its elasticity and becomes somewhat painful due to irritation of the nerve receptors of the surrounding tissues.

Causes of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

Why are the lymph nodes in the neck inflamed? There can be quite a few reasons for this. Usually, cervical lymphadenitis is not an independent disease, but is a complication of the inflammatory process of a different localization (more often, organs located in the immediate vicinity of the lymph node).

In some cases, lymphadenitis still occurs primarily: an infectious agent enters the lymphatic network through mechanically damaged skin or mucous membranes.

The main causes of inflammation of the lymph node in the neck:

Less often, enlarged lymph nodes may indicate disorders in the body due to:

• thyroid diseases;
• violations of metabolic processes;
• alcoholism;
• allergic reactions;
• connective tissue diseases.

In most cases, lymphadenitis is formed when pathogenic microorganisms enter the body. These often include staphylococci and streptococci. With a small lesion of the body, there may not be a response from the lymphatic system.

Symptoms of cervical lymphadenitis

With inflammation of the lymph nodes, the following symptoms are observed:

1. A significant increase in the size of the cervical lymph nodes;
2. Subjective local symptoms (lymph nodes in the neck hurt, pain significantly increase during swallowing, as well as during palpation of the affected area);
3. General symptoms (general malaise, fever, constant feeling fatigue, weakness).

It is important to understand that lymph nodes are composed of lymphatic tissue. It is in the lymph nodes that a large number of protective cells that help fight bacterial and cancer cells. Lymph nodes have importance for immunity, with the help of their body actively fights viruses, microbes.

What to do with inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

Inflamed lymph node on the neck what to do? Initially, you need to visit a medical facility, the diagnosis of this disease is not particularly difficult for a qualified specialist. The diagnosis is based on the study of the patient's history, his questioning, the results of the examination and the study of complaints.

To clarify the diagnosis, the following studies are prescribed:

• radiography of the soft tissues of the neck and submandibular zone;
• biopsy of the affected lymph node;
• magnetic resonance and computed tomography;
• excision of the lymph node with histological analysis.

Since lymphadenitis is threatening with its consequences for the human body, treatment should be started immediately after the diagnosis is made.

How to treat swollen lymph nodes

Inflammation of the cervical lymph nodes is predominantly a secondary condition, therefore, first of all, it is necessary to cure the underlying disease, and removing the infection and increasing immunity will help get rid of lymphadenitis.

Most often, inflamed lymph nodes in the neck are treated with conservative methods. The patient is shown compliance with bed rest. You can’t walk for a long time, be out of the wind or in extreme heat, play sports, actively walk around the rooms. Antibiotics are recommended, selected taking into account the sensitivity of the infectious agent, mental and physical rest. Also, along with various medications, it becomes mandatory to take multivitamins, immunostimulating drugs and foods high in vitamin C.

With purulent forms of lymphadenitis, the resulting foci are opened, drained, and enhanced antibiotic therapy is required. Such patients are usually treated in a hospital, under the supervision of qualified professionals.

Complications

In no case should the disease be treated at home. This is due to the fact that the cervical lymph nodes are located close to the brain and the ascending pathological process threatens to reach the brain and lead to.

Also, advanced lymphadenitis threatens to get the infection into the blood, which means that it can occur (blood poisoning) and spread the infection throughout the body. In this case, the life of the patient is in mortal danger.

Prevention

What to do after recovery to avoid inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck? Since lymphadenitis refers to a disease that can develop for many reasons, it can be understood that, as such, tips and recommendations for complete prevention this disease does not exist.

To prevent cervical lymphadenitis, try:

• support the health of the immune system;
• don't run sharp infectious diseases;
• exclude the possibility of being in a draft or hypothermia;
• properly tempered regularly;
• prevent the occurrence of microtrauma, as well as infection of wounds;
• observe personal hygiene and use a gauze bandage during the epidemiological season.

If the lymph node is still inflamed and causes inconvenience, then the first thing to do is to consult a doctor. Especially when there is a suspicion of purulent lymphadenitis. The specialist will diagnose and tell you what to do.

Should be alert. In most cases, the cause is infectious processes. When pathogenic microbes enter the body, white blood cells begin to activate in the lymph nodes, which destroy the invading microorganisms. In some cases, there are so many foreign substances that the protective cells cannot cope with their task. Then they begin to multiply to fight the infection with a vengeance. As a result, they increase in size, become painful. These can occur both with serious and serious illnesses, and at the onset of the common cold.

Therefore, the main thing is to identify the cause of inflammation of the lymph nodes in time. It is rather difficult to determine this. Contact specialists competent in this matter - a surgeon, an oncologist, an infectious disease specialist, a hematologist. Do not postpone a visit to the doctor in the following cases: - if the lymph node is significantly different in size from the rest; - if all the nodes; - if you do not have signs of a cold; - if signs of inflammation remain two weeks after finding out and eliminating all the causes that caused them .

To find out the causes of inflammation of the lymph nodes, the following methods are used: - questioning, studying the anamnesis; - medical checkup- geography of inflamed lymph nodes, their size, consistency, and so on; - blood test; - x-ray or computed tomography; - biopsy of lymph nodes in complex cases - during this procedure, a sample of lymph node tissue is taken for examination.

The choice of treatment will depend on the cause of the inflammation. If it is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics are prescribed. Aspirin, ibuprofen, or acetaminophen are used to relieve fever and pain. If you have an immune disorder such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis prescribed specific therapy. If the cause is cancer, surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.

With inflamed lymph nodes, you can not rub, massage, warm them, as this only enhances the inflammatory process. In addition, iodine nets and active tanning are contraindicated.

Self-medication in this case is very dangerous. When applied folk remedies be sure to consult your doctor. For the treatment of enlarged and inflamed lymph nodes ethnoscience suggests using echinacea tincture. You can buy it at the pharmacy or cook it yourself. Take 4 times a day, 10 drops in a glass of water. A decoction of chicory has a similar effect. Brew 20 g of chicory in 200 ml of boiling water and drink in two doses.

Lymph nodes on the neck, under the arm, in the groin and other parts of the body - what does this mean? What are the causes of swollen and enlarged lymph nodes? How to treat swollen lymph nodes? We will talk about all this and more in today's article. So…

General information about lymph nodes

Lymph nodes (lymph nodes)- an organ consisting of an accumulation of lymphatic vessels that performs the following functions: cleaning the lymph, preventing the reproduction of pathological cells (cancerous), protecting against penetration and spread throughout the body, outflow of interstitial fluid and the formation of protective cells (lymphocytes, phagocytes, antibodies). The lymph node has a round or oval shape, about 1 cm in size (the largest in the normal state), when pressed, they roll slightly, as if subcutaneous small wen, painless.

Lymph- a fluid formed from tissue fluid that flows through the lymphatic vessels and capillaries. Lymph consists mainly of lymphocytes, which are responsible for the immune response. The tissue fluid itself is a product of plasma filtration in the blood capillaries.

lymphatic system- main part vascular system, which complements the work of cardio-vascular system, which performs the functions of cleansing the cells and tissues of the body, and also plays an important role in metabolism. In addition, lymph delivers immune cells to the site of damage to the body, transports lipids. The lymphatic system does not have a pump, but it still moves at a slow pace with little pressure.

Where are the lymph nodes located?

There are many groups of lymph nodes in the body, the most famous of which are on the neck, in the armpit, in the groin, in the elbow and knee folds, in the chest and abdominal regions. Each group is called regional, and it consists of several lymph nodes. The above groups include the largest number lymph nodes. Each group is a protection for those organs and tissues that are located near it.

Lymph nodes in the neck and other parts of the body can also be divided into smaller groups. So, on the neck they can be found - on the front and back sides of the neck, under the jaw and chin, on the back of the head and in the area of ​​​​the ears. Having considered the following photo of the cervical lymph nodes, the overall picture of where they are will become clearer to you:

After introductory information, now let's move on to considering the causes of inflammation of the lymph nodes.

Enlarged lymph nodes - causes

To begin with, an increase in lymph nodes, or lymphadenopathy, is a symptom of various adverse processes. It can also be said that this is a kind of “beacon”, which indicates that it is in the organs of that localization that there are some health problems and they are already beginning to protect the body. For example, when inflammatory diseases upper respiratory tract infectious nature (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, runny nose, sinusitis and others) it is the cervical lymph nodes that will increase. With osteomyelitis, and in the area of ​​​​the knees, the knee lymph nodes will increase, etc.

How does the lymph nodes enlarge? When an infection enters the body or an inflammatory process develops, the nearest lymph nodes produce protective cells that accumulate and cause them to increase. Further, when an infection tries to spread throughout the body, the lymph nodes keep it in themselves, and the higher the infection of the body, the more pronounced the increase. The size of the enlarged lymph nodes can reach 5 cm.

If nothing is done during the increase period, i.e. methods of treating the primary disease, and leaving everything as it is, as a secondary disease, the process of inflammation of the lymph nodes can begin, sometimes with the formation of pus - lymphadenitis.

Systemic infectious diseases and other pathological processes in the body can cause a simultaneous increase and inflammation of the lymph nodes of several groups throughout the body.

The main causes of enlarged lymph nodes

• Infection into the body - (viruses, parainfluenza, Coxsackie, herpes), (, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis), fungal;
• Pathological cell division leading to the formation of tumors;
• The presence of inflammatory processes;
• Availability the following diseases- ( , ), ( , ), periodontitis, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, AIDS, lymphoma, wounds;
• on any product, substance, due to which there is an overproduction of protective cells;
• Weakened immune system - chronic fatigue;
• The presence of benign or;
• Mechanical injury lymphatic vessel, node;
• Alcoholism;
• Application of some medicines- Atenolol, antibiotics (cephalosporins, penicillins, sulfonamides), Quinidine, Carbamazepine, Captopril, Hydralazine, Pyrimethamine and others.

There are a huge number of reasons for the increase and inflammation of the lymph nodes, but most of them can be placed in 3 main groups - inflammatory processes, infection,.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes - symptoms

Depending on the cause, enlargement (lymphadenopathy) and inflammation (lymphadenitis) of the lymph nodes can be of a different nature, for example:

• The lymph nodes are enlarged, there is no pain when you press them - usually it speaks of allergic reaction, weakening of immunity, inflammatory process, initial stages of tuberculosis;
• Many small enlarged nodes indicate a weakened immune system;
• Lymph nodes are enlarged and painful - most common cause is an infection (development);
• Enlarged, motionless and painless when pressed, nodes with uneven contours may indicate the need to seek an examination from an oncologist.

The size of enlarged lymph nodes can vary from a few millimeters to several centimeters. They can also be hard or semi-soft to the touch.

In addition, enlarged lymph nodes may accompany the following symptoms:

• Redness skin around an enlarged lymph node;
• Discomfort, and even pain when swallowing, turning the head;
• The presence of a rash on the skin;
• swelling;
• Increased sweating,;
• Unreasonable, sudden weight loss;
• Enlargement of the spleen (splenomegaly);
• Enlargement of the liver (hepatomegaly);
• , painful condition;
• , runny nose, ;
• Lack of appetite, .

Complication of lymph nodes

Chronic lymphadenitis with purulent formation most often leads to complications.

Complications include:

• Periadenitis (inflammation of the tissues surrounding the inflamed node);
• thrombophlebitis;
• Fistulas in the internal organs;

Diagnosis of lymph nodes

Diagnosis of lymph nodes includes:

• General examination, palpation, anamnesis;
• Setting of tumor markers.

If necessary, a biopsy of the node may be performed.

Treatment of lymph nodes

How to treat lymph nodes? Treatment of lymph nodes is aimed at eliminating the root cause given state. If the disease that led to the enlarged nodes is cured, they themselves will dry out and normalize in size.

Initially, if the enlarged lymph nodes are caused by an infection, then the type of pathogen is detected, after which a specific drug is prescribed:

• If the cause is a bacterial infection, antibiotics are prescribed;
• If the cause was viral infection- symptomatic treatment is prescribed, with the exception of some diseases that require the use of antiviral drugs ("Acyclovir" - for herpes, drugs with interferon - for, etc.)
• If the cause is a fungal infection, antimycotic drugs (Ketonazole, Clotrimazole) are used.

Treatment of enlarged lymph nodes of an allergic nature is carried out using antihistamines("", ""), and it is also necessary to remove the causative agent of the allergic reaction.

• Drink plenty of water - from 2 liters of water per day (adults) and 1 liter (children);
• For removal high temperature body - taking anti-inflammatory drugs "", "", "". Children are recommended to make compresses on a water-vinegar basis.
• With a strong inflammatory process, a reception may be prescribed hormonal drugs(glucocorticoids) - "Prednisolone", "Dexamethasone", "Hydrocortisone".
• With severe weakness and soreness, half-bed and bed rest is prescribed.

Remember that treatment should first of all be aimed at eliminating the root cause of enlarged nodes, i.e. disease or pathological condition. There is no time to lose!

What can not be done with enlarged lymph nodes?

• Massage the enlarged knot;
• warm it up;
• Lubricate with warming or bactericidal ointments.

The above actions can lead to the release of the infection outside the node, its entry into the blood and further distribution throughout the body.

Removal of lymph nodes

Removal of lymph nodes (lymphadenectomy) is performed in the following cases:

• Inflammation of the lymph nodes with the formation of pus;
• Cancer tumors and the presence of metastases.

Surgical intervention is performed due to the fact that in the lymph node, as we have already said, there is an infection.

Important! Before using folk remedies, be sure to consult your doctor!

Chamomile, sage. Pour 2 teaspoons or a glass of boiling water, let the product brew, strain and use as a mouth and throat rinse. This tool will help you deal with inflammatory processes in the oropharynx.

Ginseng. 2 tbsp. spoons of crushed pour 500 ml of boiling water, then put the cooking agent in a water bath for 20 minutes. After that, set aside the product to cool, strain and take 50-70 ml 3 times a day, 20 minutes before meals. A decoction of ginseng root strengthens the immune system.

Collection. Make a collection of the following ingredients - 3 parts of blackberry leaves, 2 parts of drooping birch leaves, 2 parts of green rye stalks and 1 part of immortelle flowers, budra grass and wheatgrass rhizomes. Mix everything thoroughly and 2 tbsp. spoon collection pour 500 ml of water. Then bring to a boil and simmer over low heat for about 2 hours. Strain and drink the resulting decoction 1/3 cup 3 times a day, after meals, for 12 days. It helps well against acute respiratory infections and other diseases that cause an increase in cervical lymph nodes.

Compress 1. Mix together in equal proportions walnut leaves, oregano grass, grass and mistletoe grass. Pour the collection with water, bring to a boil, boil for another 5 minutes and set aside to infuse. Then soak a cloth made of natural fabric in the product and tie it around the sore spot. Compresses to do until complete recovery.

Compress 2. Add 1 liter of white grape wine and 1 tbsp. a spoonful of sorrel, then put the dishes on the fire, bring to a boil, boil over low heat for 5 minutes, set aside to infuse for 30 minutes. Soak a cloth in the product and apply as a compress to the sore spot.

Prevention of lymph nodes

Prevention of swollen lymph nodes includes:

• Compliance;
• Wholesome nutrition, giving preference to foods enriched and;
• Avoid spontaneous use of drugs;