The role and tasks of economic science. Lesson "supply and demand" Importance in economic processes

Topic: Market and market mechanism. Supply and demand. Training.

1. Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps.

“The so-called law of demand plays an important role in economic processes. The action of this law is most fully manifested in a free market economy __________ (A). __________ (B) is defined by economists as the total amount of goods that __________ (C) at any particular moment in time desire, are ready and have the monetary opportunity to purchase at certain prices. This law means that, other things being equal, the volume of demand decreases as __________ (D) increases. It should be noted, however, that the change in price and change in demand for __________ (D) are not directly proportional. In a market economy, there are many more factors that affect __________ (E) prices and demand.

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can only be used once.

Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.

The table below shows the pass numbers. Write under each letter the number corresponding to the word you have chosen.

2) consumer

3) manufacturer

5) production

6) competition

8) cost

9) ratio

Answer: 642179

2. What dependence reflects the law of demand?

A) The direct dependence of the quantity of goods purchased on its price.

B) An inverse relationship between the quantity of goods purchased and its price.

C) Direct dependence of the price on the quality of the goods.

D) Inverse dependence of the volume of the offered product on its price.

3. A change in the volume of demand for an individual product will occur ...

A) under the influence of consumer tastes.

B) by improving the quality of the goods.

C) when the price of this product changes.

D) when prices for complementary goods change.

4. The demand curve for good X will shift to the right and up as a result of...

A) a decrease in the number of buyers.

B) switching to a substitute product.

C) raising customs barriers.

D) increase consumer income.

5. What can explain the shift of the supply curve for product X to the left-up?

A) the introduction of new technologies.

B) An increase in the prices of inputs.

C) the introduction of subsidies.

D) an increase in the number of producers.

6. An excess of goods on the market is formed after the introduction by the government ...

A) fixed price support.

B) a fixed ceiling price.

B) taxes.

D) an increase in the discount rate of interest.

7. The figure shows a chart showing the market equilibrium in the short period. What circumstances caused this situation?

A) New enterprises appear in the industry, which allows increasing the volume of production until the market is completely saturated.

B) Deterioration of the conditions for the extraction of any raw material.

C) The firm increases its output by making more intensive use of available resources.

D) The situation on the market is associated with the sale of a perishable product.

8. If the market price is below the equilibrium price, then:

A) a buyer's market is formed

B) there is a shortage of goods

C) there is a surplus of goods

D) the price of resources falls

9. If two goods are interchangeable, then an increase in the price of the first will cause:

A) an increase in demand for the second good

B) an increase in demand for the second good

B) a drop in demand for the second good

D) a drop in the quantity demanded for the second good

10. Buying goods at a low price in one market and selling them at a high price in another is not:

A) a means of increasing demand in a market with a high price level

B) a means of increasing supply in a market with a high price level

C) cause price differences in specific markets

D) an operation for the purpose of making a profit

11. The law of demand assumes that:

A) When consumers' incomes rise, they tend to buy more goods.

B) the demand curve usually has a positive slope

C) if there is an excess of supply over demand, the price will fall.

D) When the price of a good falls, the quantity of planned purchases rises.

12. What can cause a drop in demand for good X:

A) a decrease in consumer income

B) an increase in prices for goods that are substitutes for goods X

C) a drop in the supply of good X

D) expectation of a rise in prices for product X

13. Supply and demand can be used to explain the coordinating role of price:

A) resource market

B) in the commodity market

B) any market

D) in the foreign exchange market

14. Activities of speculators:

A) always makes a profit

B) causes economic booms and recessions

B) increases the trend towards price volatility

D) increases the risk to legitimate business

15. The market for goods and services is in equilibrium if:

A) the quantity supplied is equal to the quantity demanded

B) demand equals supply

C) the level of technology changes gradually

D) price equals cost plus profit

16. A change in what factor does not cause a shift in the demand curve:

A) the size or distribution of national income

B) the number or age of consumers

B) consumer tastes and preferences

D) product prices

17. An increase in the price of materials needed to produce good X will cause a shift in the curve:

A) sentences up (or left)

B) demand up (or right)

C) sentences down (or right)

D) demand and supply curve up

18. If the price of a product is below the point of intersection of the demand curve and the supply curve, then there will be:

A) excess

B) deficit

B) unemployment is rising

D) all options are wrong

19. The law of supply, if prices rise and other conditions remain unchanged, manifests itself:

A) a drop in supply

B) in the growth of supply

B) a decrease in supply

D) an increase in supply

20. The willingness to buy additional units of a product only at a lower price is best explained by:

A) the income effect

B) the law of supply

C) the principle of diminishing marginal utility

D) substitution effect

21. If the supply and demand for a product increase, then:

A) the price will go up

B) the total quantity of goods will increase

B) the price will remain stable

D) the welfare of society will increase

22. If demand falls under the influence of non-price factors, the demand curve shifts:

A) down and to the left

B) clockwise rotation

B) up and to the right

D) counterclockwise rotation

23. It is likely that the reason for the fall in the price of a product is:

A) increased taxes on private enterprise

B) growth in consumer income

C) falling prices for inputs

D) a fall in the price of a complementary good

24. Improving technology shifts:

A) the demand curve is up and to the right

B) the demand curve down and to the right

B) the supply curve down and to the right

D) the supply curve up and to the left

25. Which term reflects the ability and willingness of people to pay for something:

A) need

B) demand

B) need

D) desire

26. What can explain the shift in the demand curve for good X:

A) a decrease for some reason in the supply of product X

B) an increase in the price of good X, as a result of which consumers decide to buy less of this good

C) the tastes of consumers that aroused interest in product X (they want to buy it at any given price more than before)

D) a decrease in the price of good X, so consumers decide to buy more of it than before

The state in a market economy

All agents of the economy are united by a single market space of the country, where the same rules of the game for all monitor and support special state institutions ... The market itself is not able to support competition. Maintaining and stimulating competition in the economic sphere is a function of the state. Fighting monopoly, supporting competition, the state is both within the market model and outside it, guaranteeing the stability of the market system as a whole. Maintaining stability is no less important than protecting competition. A favorable social climate in the country, the stability of the financial system, and ... the expansion of the production of public goods - especially in the sphere of services, education, science, healthcare, culture - the creation of a legal framework in the business sphere depend on the verified, active role of the relevant state institutions ... Therefore even in the theoretical market model, the state plays the most important role - the preservation of the market system itself by expressing common, or public interests. No private business, no matter how gigantic it may reach, by its very nature can ignore its own interests and shoulder the interests of the whole society. However, the state can cope with such duties only if it is part of a democratic society. In such a society, along with the market mechanism, a democratic mechanism of control of voters over the state apparatus is established, and the judicial system provides legal protection to all citizens in accordance with the law.

(A. Porokhovsky)

C1. What three economic functions of the state in a market economy are named in the text?

Name any three of them and illustrate one with an example.

C3. The author of the document emphasizes the role of the state in the preservation and development of competition. Based on the text and knowledge of the social science course, give three confirmations of the importance of competition for a market economy.

C4. Different points of view are expressed on the issue of the relationship between a market economy and democracy. What is the position of the author? Name the two arguments he gave and explain either of them with an example.

Answer

C1. What three economic functions of the state in a market economy are named in the text?

C3. The author of the document emphasizes the role of the state in the preservation and development of competition. Based on the text and knowledge of the social science course, give three confirmations of the importance of competition for a market economy.

C4. Different points of view are expressed on the issue of the relationship between a market economy and democracy. What is the position of the author? Name the two arguments he gave and explain either of them with an example.

Read the text below with a number of words missing.

“The so-called law of demand plays an important role in economic processes. The action of this law is most fully manifested in a free market economy (1). (2) is defined by economists as the total quantity of a good that (3) is willing, ready, and financially able to purchase at certain prices at any given time. This law means that other things being equal (4), demand decreases as (5) increases. It should be noted, however, that a change in price and a change in demand for a product are not directly proportional. In a market economy, there are many more factors affecting (6) prices and demand.” 642719

• 1)price
• 2) consumer
• 3)manufacturer
• 4) demand
• 5)production
• 6) competition
• 7)volume
• 8) cost
• 9)ratio

Task #66

Read the text below with a number of words missing.

Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps.

“Limitedity is the insufficiency of the volume of available (A) of all types for the production of the volume of goods that people would like to receive. The limitation of labor is due to the fact that the number (B) of inhabitants of any country is strictly fixed at any given time. In addition, according to their (B) existing skills, only a part of citizens is suitable for performing specific types of work. These restrictions can be relaxed, for example, by inviting workers from abroad or by retraining and training workers to the highest (G). But all this takes time, and it is impossible to achieve an immediate expansion of the workforce. The limited nature of land (natural resources) is determined by (D) the country and the presence of mineral deposits in its bowels. The limited capital is determined by the previous development of the country, by what (E) it has managed to accumulate.

• 1) trade
• 2) ability 572634
• 3) geography
• 4)Production capacity
• 5) resources
• 6) scarce specialties
• 7) able-bodied
• 8) education system
• 9) demographic

Task #67

Task #68

The modern market characterizes

• 1) a combination of market and state regulation
• 2) complete elimination of economic planning
• 3) price stability for consumer goods
• 4) centralized distribution of resources

Task #69

The figure shows the situation on the inventory market for winter views sports: the demand line D has moved to a new position - D1 (P - the price of the goods, Q - the volume of demand for the goods). This movement may be associated primarily with (co)

• 1) a decrease in the income of the population
• 2) popularization of winter sports
• 3) development of a network of fitness clubs
• 4) prolonged thaw in winter

Task number 70

• Write down the missing word in the table.

Workshop on the topic "Demand and supply"

The figure shows the situation in the grain market: the supply lineS S1 (P- the price of the product, Q - quantity of goods).

This movement may be associated primarily with (co)

1) providing grain producers with tax incentives

2) lower fuel and fertilizer prices

3) an increase in the number of bakery and confectionery enterprises

4) expectations of a low grain harvest

The figure shows the situation in the tourism services market: the demand lineD moved to a new positionD1 . (P- the price of the product, Q - volume of demand for goods)

This movement may be associated primarily with

economic recovery expectations

the end of the tourist season

increase in consumer income

growth in the number of travel companies

The increase in the number of manufacturers and sellers of computer equipment has led to a significant reduction in prices. This is the result:

Activities of the tax service

Competition

Are the following judgments about prices correct?

A. One of the main functions of the prices of goods and services is to limit consumption.

B. Prices serve as a motivation for the development of production

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both statements are correct

4) both judgments are wrong

Before September 1, the number of dealers in stationery, school supplies, children's clothing and shoes increases sharply. This is the result:

State regulation

Producer price collusion

customer demand

Competition

Are the following statements about consumer demand correct?

A. The consumer always has limited demand. It is determined by individual income, needs, fashion, price.

B. The rarer the item, the lower the price for it, therefore, more people want to buy it.

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both statements are correct

4) both judgments are wrong

IN 1. Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps.

“The so-called law of demand plays an important role in economic processes. The operation of this law is most fully manifested in a free market economy __________ (1). __________ (2) is defined by economists as the total quantity of a commodity that __________ (3) at any given time is willing, ready, and financially able to purchase at certain prices. This law means that, other things being equal, the volume of demand decreases as __________ increases (4). It should be noted, however, that the change in price and the change in demand for __________ (5) are not directly proportional. In a market economy, there are many more factors that affect __________ (6) prices and demand.”

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can only be usedone once.

Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.

The table below shows the pass numbers. Write under each number the letter corresponding to the word you have chosen.

Transfer the resulting sequence of letters to the answer sheet.

C1. Name any three factors that affect the change in demand and illustrate each with an appropriate example.

Answers

IN 1. EGBAZHI

C1. Answer:

Change in price (if TV prices go up, demand for them will decrease)

The quality of the product and its usefulness (the consumer will prefer a higher quality product offered on the market at the same price)

Consumer income (with an increase in wages, the population increases its consumption)

Fashion and social values ​​(fashion for jewelry will increase their demand

Other adequate facts and examples may be given.

Economics as a science

From the moment of realizing oneself as a person, a person is engaged in conscious cognition of the world. This consists in knowing not only the surrounding objects and their properties, but also the patterns of various processes. The production activity of a person (the totality of the processes of creating material and spiritual wealth) is no exception.

In the prehistoric period, the accumulation of knowledge was in the nature of trial and error. Only in ancient times did the foundations of various sciences begin to emerge. One of these sciences is economics. In its primary sense, this word denoted the art of housekeeping (as they would say now - "housekeeping").

Later, in the depths of this discipline, the doctrine of trade relations and wealth crystallized (the works of Aristotle). It was then that the foundations of the theory of value, price and money were laid. The ancient Greeks already had sections in the economy: catallactics (the art of trade) and chremastics (the art of accumulating wealth).

The Middle Ages did little to enrich scientific knowledge. This era is characterized by the stagnation and regression of scientific knowledge in Europe. But at the same time, it was in the Middle Ages that the foundations of the world economy were laid and trade markets were expanded to the size of the entire planet.

The formation of capitalist relations required a scientific approach to the study of economic phenomena and processes. It took a coherent scientific theory, which would not only explain what is happening. But it would also make it possible to foresee the consequences of certain processes and phenomena. This is how economic theory in the modern sense was formed.

Definition 1

Economics is a social science that characterizes the economic activity of a person through a system of concepts, categories, economic theories and laws, exploring the patterns and theoretical foundations of management.

In addition to purely economic aspects, economics pays attention to the study of human activity in the process of managing. The economy is the basis for the development of society. Therefore, economic theory also pays attention to the influence of economic life on the political system of society. Politics is an extension of the economy. No wonder part of economic theory is called political economy.

At present, economic theory contains a whole system of schools and directions. Each of them has its own specifics, its adherents and opponents. The most famous among them are:

• mercantilism;
• physiocracy;
• classical English political economy;
• neoclassicism;
• Keynesianism;
• monetarism;
• new classical economics, etc.

The role of economics

Like any branch of human knowledge, economics has at its disposal a system of ways and methods of cognition, its own subject of study. Depending on the stage of development of human society, the role of science also changes. If at the first stages of their development all sciences were descriptive, then this was also characteristic of economics.

In the early stages of its development as a science, economics served only as a tool for managing the household as successfully as possible. She then assumed leadership roles in trade relations and wealth accumulation. In the middle of the century, in connection with the expansion of trade with the countries of the East, the economy studied the phenomenon of competition in trade relations.

In the era of the formation of capitalism, the role of the economy expanded due to the need to study the issues of operation and regulation of rapidly expanding markets. The very basis of the economic system has changed. It was necessary to explain the emerging phenomena and to investigate the pattern of their manifestation. Economic theory acquired a class character.

Therefore, it can be said without exaggeration that economic theory plays a very important role in the formation of a whole system of sciences related to production and industrial relations, social development and the formation of social psychology. Economic practice and economic education cannot exist without economic science (theory). After all, it is she who lays the foundations of economic knowledge and economic thinking.

Economics is a methodological basis for such branches of knowledge as:

• branch economic disciplines;
• functional economic disciplines (marketing, accounting, audit, etc.);
• intersectoral sciences (economic geography, demography, etc.);
• the history of the development of the world economy;
• the history of the formation of economic doctrines;
• history of the development of ideologies.

Tasks of economic science

Any science is designed to serve certain goals for the benefit of man. The economy is trying to solve the basic economic problems of mankind, which are of vital importance. For a person, the stimulus of any of his activities is the desire to satisfy his needs. This can be done by using available resources and own capabilities.

But the amount of resources and human capabilities are extremely limited. And the needs are growing all the time. Therefore, the main task of economic science is to develop a strategy for the maximum possible satisfaction of needs through the use of a limited amount of resources.

To fulfill the main task, the economy develops phased tasks that allow solving the global economic problem. These step-by-step tasks include:

• search for ways to increase the productivity of members of society;
• ensuring a high standard of living for the population;
• intensification of production development;
• increasing the rationality of the use of available resources and opportunities;
• improvement of the system of distribution of benefits in society;
• substantiation of the role and place of the state in the economic system of society;
• assistance in solving the main production issues (“what to produce?”, “for whom to produce?” and “how to produce?”).

Final control work on social studies 1 option

1. It is typical for a market economy

1. public ownership of the means of production; 2.freedom of entrepreneurship; 3.pricing management; 4.Restriction of foreign trade

2. The sum of the market prices of all final products produced for the year directly within the country and only by national producers is

1. gross domestic product 2. gross national product

3. national income 4. personal income

3. The quantity of goods that the manufacturer is ready to bring to the market at a certain point in time at a certain price is

1.dividend; 2.demand; 3.offer; 4.need

4. The issue of cash in the Russian Federation is carried out exclusively by

1. central bank Russian Federation 2. Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation

3. Federal Treasury 4. Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of the Russian Federation

5. The factor of production is

1. entrepreneurial ability 2. exchange 3. consumption 4. distribution

1. structural 2. frictional 3. cyclic 4. seasonal

7. The import of goods from abroad for their sale in the domestic market is called I

1. immigration 2. export 3. import 4. emigration

8. The ability of a person to make a choice based on his own decision:

9. In the state of N., a small group of people makes decisions at the state level or influences them in practice. This group is 1. political party 2. political elite 3. political scientists

4. political movement

10. The traditional (patriarchal) family is different 1. the conclusion of a marriage contract between the spouses 2. the dominant role of the father of the family 3. the complete freedom of children from parental control4. equality of spouses

11. Twenty-four-year-old citizen V., who had no health contraindications, was exempted from conscription for military service. What was the basis for such a decision?

1) Citizen V. has retired parents 2) Citizen V. has a wife

3) Citizen V. has a PhD degree 4) Citizen V. is a member of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation

12. Substantive law refers 1. constitutional proceedings 2. environmental law3. administrative process 4. civil procedural law

13. In the bodies of the registry office is carried out

1. divorce by mutual consent of spouses who do not have common minor children

2. dissolution of marriage by mutual consent of spouses with common minor children

3. divorce in the absence of the consent of one of the spouses

4. recognition of marriage as invalid

14. Worker A. decided to move to another enterprise. How long does it take for him to file a voluntary resignation letter?

1. in a week 2. in two weeks 3. in a month 4. in two months

15. The requirement to the court of an interested person to administer justice in civil cases to protect the rights and interests violated or disputed by the other party is 1. claim 2. memorandum 3. petition 4. appeal

16. The participants in the criminal process on the part of the defense include

IN 1. Below are some terms. All of them, with the exception of one, relate to the concept of "market". Find a term that is out of line.

Demand, supply, equilibrium price, consumer, government pricing

IN 2. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, are associated with the concept of "freedom". Find and indicate a term that refers to another concept.

Choice, arbitrariness, responsibility, knowledge, own decision

C3. Find in the list the types of property acquired by the spouses during the marriage related to the joint property of the spouses 1. personal belongings 2. wages 3. income from the sale of securities

AT 4. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, are associated with the concept of "civil process". Indicate the term related to another concept Evidence, justice, defendant, procedural rights, expert

B5. Establish a correspondence between the participants in the criminal process and their groups

Participants in criminal proceedings Groups of participants in criminal proceedings

A) witness 1) for the prosecution

B) an employee of the Ministry of Emergency Situations 2) from the side of protection

C) lawyer 3) persons facilitating the process

D) the defendant

D) expert

B 6. Find in the list below the grounds for civil liability.

1) failure to fulfill contractual obligations to repair the apartment

2) swearing in a public place

3) the seller's refusal to return to the buyer the amount paid for defective goods

4) family leave

5) damage to the health of a pedestrian due to speeding by a motorcyclist

B7. An employee of the travel company I. is regularly late for the beginning of the working day. The director of the company repeatedly warned her about the inadmissibility of such actions, but I. continues to be late. Select from the list below the positions related to the legal assessment of this situation, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. 1) labor law 2) civil liability

3) disciplinary offense 4) administrative law 5) dismissal

6) liability

Q8. Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps.

“The so-called law of demand plays an important role in economic processes. The operation of this law is most fully manifested in a free market economy __________ (1). __________ (2) is defined by economists as the total quantity of a commodity that __________ (3) at any given time is willing, ready, and financially able to purchase at certain prices. This law means that, other things being equal, the volume of demand decreases as __________ increases (4). It should be noted, however, that the change in price and the change in demand for __________ (5) are not directly proportional. In a market economy, there are many more factors that affect __________ (6) prices and demand.”

A) price, B) consumer, C) producer, D) demand, E) production, E) competition, G) product, H) cost, I) ratio

Final test in social science 2nd option

1. The state budget fixes 1. profit and costs of social production; 2. revenues and expenditures of the state; 3. consumption per capita; 4. volume of money supply in circulation.

2. The opening cell phone salon announces the terms of the competition for the vacant position of the chief manager. This is an example of how the market works.

1.information; 2.labor; 3.goods and services; 4. real estate.

3. The economic development of the country is determined 1. its budget 2. GDP

3. education spending 4. number of businesses

4. The income that the land brings as a factor of production is called

1. interest 2. rent 3. wages 4. profit

5. A construction team refers to such a factor of production as

1. land 2. capital 3. labor 4. entrepreneurial ability

6. Unemployment, which is caused by repeated downturns in production in a country or region, is called 1. structural 2. frictional

3. cyclic 4. seasonal

7. The ability of a person to make a choice based on his own decision:

1) freedom 2) information 3) religion 4) politics

8. Which types of administrative responsibility do not come from the courts 1. confiscation 2. warning 3. arrest 4. detention 5. fine

9. A family in which a man has power, all family members obey him, is called

10. The procedure for electing the President of the Russian Federation and his functions determines 1. administrative law 2. labor law 3. civil law 4. constitutional law

11. M's wife wants to divorce her husband. Under what conditions can this procedure be carried out in the registry office

1. with the mutual consent of the spouses to dissolve the marriage, who do not have minor children

2. in the absence of the consent of one of the spouses to divorce

3. with the mutual consent of the spouses to dissolve the marriage, having common minor children

4. when one of the spouses evades divorce

12. By general rule the conclusion of an employment contract in the Russian Federation is allowed with persons who have reached the age 1. 14 years old 2. 15 years old 3. 16 years old 4. 18 years old

13. The requirement to the court of an interested person to administer justice in civil cases to protect the rights and interests violated or disputed by the other party is

2. memorandum

3. petition

4. treatment

14. The participants in the criminal process on the part of the defense include

1. prosecutor 2. investigator 3. defendant 4. victim

15. The bodies authorized to consider cases of administrative offenses include (-s) 1. tax inspection 2. fish protection authorities

3. juvenile commission 4. all of the above

16. The global problems of our time include

1. environmental problems 2. drug addiction and drug business 3. international terrorism 4. all of the above

IN 1. Establish a correspondence between factors of production and their examples

FACTORS OF PRODUCTION

lathe

coal

equipment adjuster

company office

manager

IN 2. Below is a list social groups. All of them, with the exception of one, are formed along political and ideological lines. Find and write down the term that falls out of this row.

Communists, Social Democrats, Liberals, Catholics, Conservatives

B3. Find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts below

Test, employment contract, part-time job, work book, transfer, relocation

AT 4. Write down the word missing in the table

Parties to civil proceedings

Names of the parties

Their essence

A person who allegedly violated the rights of the plaintiff and who, at the direction of the latter, is involved in the proceedings by the court

AT 5. Set a match.

Situations types of legal relations

A) the spouses opened a family 1) criminal

restaurant

B) citizen K. committed robbery 2) family

attack on the collector

C) the spouses filed an application with the registry office for 3) administrative

divorce

D) parents gave their son a car 4) civil

E) Citizen P. was taken to the department

police for obscene language in the city market

B6. The system administrator of the Arktika company is regularly late for work, citing traffic jams. Select from the list of concepts, terms related to the characteristics of this offense.

1) labor law 2) administrative offense 3) fine

4) disciplinary responsibility 5) reprimand

B7. Find in the list the types of property acquired by the spouses during the marriage that belong to the property of each of the spouses

1. personal belongings 2. wages 3. proceeds from the sale of securities

4. labor pension 5. inherited securities

6. a car donated by the parents of one of the spouses

B 8. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing.

“There are three main __________ (1) in the modern economy: producers of an economic product, its consumers and __________ (2). Between them there is a very intense __________ (3) goods, services, in cash, information. The state ensures a certain orderliness of economic processes, their legal __________ (4), protection of the rights and interests of individual participants in economic relations. At the same time, the state acts as a very large __________ (5) goods, services, information. At the same time, the state is __________ (6), it purchases from manufacturers military equipment for the army, food for state stocks, computer equipment for state bodies and institutions. A) producer, B) exchange, C) object, D) state, E) offer E) subject G) regulation, H) demand, I) consumer

Final test in social studies 3rd option

1. Unemployment, which is associated with a change in the demand for labor in certain sectors due to scientific and technological progress, is called

1. structural 2. frictional 3. cyclic 4. seasonal

2. Citizen K. violated contractual obligations of a property nature. What is the responsibility of Citizen K.

1. administrative 2. criminal 3. civil law 4. disciplinary

3. A family in which a man has power, to whom all family members obey, is called 1. patriarchal 2. nuclear 3. child-centric 4. monogamous

4. One of the signs of a market economy -

1. predominance of state property

2.regulation of prices by the state body managing the economy

3.existence of government plans binding on manufacturers

4. lack of planned regulation by the state of the quantity of products produced

5. Procedural law includes 1. civil law

2. labor law 3. family law 4. constitutional litigation

6. Automation of production is widespread in R.'s society, and computerization is being successfully carried out. Which Additional Information allows us to conclude that R.'s society is post-industrial.

1. the main product of production is industrial products

2. the main factor of production is knowledge 3. widespread use of mechanisms, technologies

4. class division of society

7. Civil law rules apply in case

1. Violations of the rules of conduct in public places 2. Miners' strikes

3. exchange of living space 4. the need to determine the amount of alimony

8. Administrative responsibility for individuals comes from the moment

1. 14 years old 2. 16 years old 3. 17 years old 4. 18 years old

9. The global problems of our time include

1. energy problem 2. socio-demographic problem 3. problem of interaction between Russia and the West 4. all of the above

10. Industrial society is being replaced by society

1. non-traditional 2. informational 3. agricultural 4. perfect

11. The phases of the economic cycle include 1) deflation 2) default 3) devaluation 4) recession

12 . The founders of some of the royal dynasties of Europe came from poor, humble families. This fact illustrates the phenomenon of social

stratification 2) mobility 3) inequality 4) evolution

23. C 13. At what age can children go to court:

1) from 11) from 10 years old 2) from 12 years old 3) from 16 years old 4) from 14 years old

10. B14 Types of employment contracts: 1) urgent and perpetual 2) official and unofficial 3) with a trial period 4) without a trial period

19. K15. The personal property of the spouses includes (select the odd one):

1) securities 1) acquired by a spouse

2) them2) property belonging to each before marriage

3) they3) property received during marriage as a gift to one of the spouses

4) things for individual use

16. A security that gives its owner the right to demand from the organization that issued the paper the payment of its face value within the established time limits is called 1) a share 2) a bond 3) a banknote 4) a certificate

B 1. Write down the word missing in the table.

Types of company costs

Their essence

Permanent

Costs that do not depend on the volume of production.

Costs that increase with an increase in output and decrease with a decrease in output.

B2. Choose a concept that is generalizing for the rest of the concepts in the series below. 1) Earth; 2) labor; 3) factors of production; 4) capital; 5) entrepreneurial ability.

Q3. Below are some terms. All of them, with the exception of one, relate to the concept of "factorial income". Wages, profit, capital, interest, rent.

AT 4. Find in the list below the mechanisms for the implementation of the state's monetary (monetary) policy. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) support and protection of competition 2) change in the discount rate of interest for a loan

3) ensuring the protection of property rights 4) regulating the income of the population

5) establishment of the norm of the bank reserve 6) operations in the securities market

AT 5. Establish a correspondence between the types of economic systems and their features.

SIGNS OF ECONOMIC TO THEIR TYPES OF ECONOMIC

SYSTEMS OF SYSTEMS

A) commodity prices are determined 1) command economy

demand ratio 2) market economy and supply

B) the main means of production belong to the state

C) economic proportions are set centrally

D) the development of production is based on the competition of producers

D) periodically there is a shortage of goods

AT 6. Find in this list the concepts related to material culture

1) religious teaching 2) TV 3) music 4) equipment 5) scientific discovery

AT 7. Write down the missing word in the table.

Extensive growth

Increasing the gross domestic product by expanding the scale of production

Increasing GDP through production efficiency

AT 8. Read the text, select from the proposed list of words (phrases) that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.

“Unemployment is a ___________ (A) phenomenon that occurs when ___________ (B) labor services exceed demand and manifests itself in the fact that a part of able-bodied citizens is not employed in the production of goods and services. The nature of modern unemployment is significantly influenced by the level of ___________ (B), the development of new territories, the emergence of new types of activities, and the strengthening of foreign economic competition. ___________ (D) does not mean the absolute absence of unemployment. It corresponds to ___________ (D) unemployment, which is associated with the search for the most suitable jobs, training in new specialties, ___________ (E) changes in demand, etc. Natural unemployment is not a constant value. It depends on the level of development of the country's economy: The state must ensure that the actual level of unemployment does not exceed the natural one.

1) seasonal 2) socio-economic 3) society 4) scientific and technical progress

5) demand 6) supply 7) natural level 8) full employment

9) production