The work of the human lymphatic system and lymphatic drainage. lymphatic system

The part of the vascular system that frees the tissues of the body from metabolic products, infectious agents and their toxins is called the lymphatic. It contains vessels, nodes, ducts, as well as organs involved in the formation of lymphocytes.

With insufficient immune protection, tumor and microbial cells can spread along the lymphatic pathways. Stagnation of lymph leads to the accumulation of excretory products in the tissues. To improve the drainage function of the lymphatic system, massage is prescribed and special methods cleaning.

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Part lymphatic system includes capillary, intraorganic and stem vessels, nodes and lymphatic organs.

Vessels

Inside the organs there is a network of small lymphatic capillaries, they have very thin walls through which large particles of protein and liquid easily penetrate from the intercellular space. In the future, they are combined into vessels similar to veins, but with more permeable membranes and a developed valve apparatus.

Vessels from the organs carry lymph to the nodes. By appearance the lymphatic network is like beads. Such a structure arises due to the alternation of areas of narrowing and expansion at the site of attachment of the semilunar valves. The penetration of tissue fluid into the capillaries is explained by the difference in osmotic pressure (the lymph is more concentrated), and the reverse flow is impossible due to the valves.

Knots

They have many incoming vessels and 1 or 2 outgoing vessels. The shape is similar to a bean or a ball about 2 cm. They filter the lymph fluid, linger and inactivate toxic substances and microbes, and the lymph is saturated with cells of the immune system - lymphocytes.

Fluid that moves through lymphatic vessels, has a whitish or yellowish color. Its composition depends on the organ from which it comes.

The following elements penetrate into the lymph:

• water;
• proteins (large molecules);
• destroyed and tumor cells;
• bacteria;
• particles of dust and smoke from the lungs;
• fluid from the abdominal cavity, pleura and pericardium, joints;
• any foreign particles.

Basic functions in the body

The biological role of the lymphatic system is associated with the following activities:

• the formation of lymphocytes responsible for cellular and humoral (with the help of special blood proteins) immunity;
• delay in the lymph node of mechanical impurities, microbes and toxic compounds;
• return to the venous vessels of purified blood;
• transfer of fats from the intestinal lumen to the blood;
• additional tissue drainage to reduce swelling;
• absorption from the tissue fluid of large protein molecules, which themselves cannot enter the blood vessels due to their size.

Watch the video about the human lymphatic system and its functions:

Lymph movement pattern

The initial absorption of tissue fluid occurs in the organs by lymphatic capillaries. The resulting lymph through the network of vessels enters the nodes. Purified and saturated with lymphocytes, the fluid from the lymph node moves into the trunks and ducts. There are only two of them in the body:

• chest - collects lymph from the left upper limb, left side of the head, chest and all parts of the body lying under the diaphragm;
• right - contains liquid from right hand, half of the head and chest.

The ducts carry lymph to the left and right subclavian veins. It is at the level of the neck that the lymphovenous anastomosis is located, through which the penetration of the lymphatic fluid into the venous blood passes.

For the promotion of lymph, the simultaneous action of the following factors is required:

• the pressure of the fluid that is formed continuously;
• contraction of the smooth muscles of the vessels between the two valves - the muscular cuff (lymphangion);
• fluctuations in the walls of arteries and veins;
• muscle compression during body movements;
• suction effect of the chest during breathing.

Organs of the lymphatic system

Lymphoid tissue is found in various structures. They are united by the fact that they all serve as a site for the formation of lymphocytes:

• the thymus is located behind the sternum, ensures the maturation and "specialization" of T-lymphocytes;
• bone marrow is present in tubular bones limbs, pelvis, ribs, contains immature stem cells, from which blood cells are subsequently formed;
• pharyngeal tonsils are located in the nasopharyngeal region, protect against microbes, participate in hematopoiesis;
• appendix comes off initial department large intestine, cleanses the lymph, forms enzymes, hormones and bacteria involved in the digestion of food;
• spleen - the largest organ of the lymphatic system, adjacent to the stomach in the left half of the abdominal cavity, acts as a filter for bacteria and foreign particles, produces antibodies, lymphocytes and monocytes, regulates the work bone marrow;
• The lymph nodes internal organs(single or clusters) take part in the formation of cells for immune protection - T and B lymphocytes.

Types and groups of diseases

In diseases of the lymphatic system, inflammatory processes can occur:

• lymphangitis - capillaries, vessels and trunks that are in contact with the focus of suppuration are affected;
• lymphadenitis - lymph nodes are involved, the infection penetrates with lymph or directly through the skin (mucosa) in case of injuries.

Lesions of the organs of the lymphatic system can manifest as tonsillitis when the tonsils are infected, appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix, appendix). Pathological changes in the thymus lead to muscle weakness, autoimmune processes, tumors.

Violation of the bone marrow causes a variety of changes in the composition of the blood: a deficiency of cells with a decrease in immunity (), clotting (), oxygen supply (anemia), malignant tumors blood.

Enlargement of the spleen (splenomegaly) occurs in diseases of the blood, liver, typhoid fever. An abscess or cyst may also form in the tissue.

Stagnation of lymph fluid leads to the development of lymphedema (lymph edema). It occurs when there is an obstruction in the vessels of a congenital (structural anomaly) or acquired nature. Secondary lymphedema accompanies injuries, burns, infections, and surgical interventions. With the progression of lymphostasis, elephantiasis of the lower extremities occurs, requiring surgery.

Tumor processes involving lymphatic vessels are more often benign. They are called lymphangiomas. They are found on the skin, in the subcutaneous layer, as well as in places of accumulation of lymphoid tissue - the neck, head, chest, abdomen, inguinal and axillary areas. With malignancy, lymphosarcoma is located in the same areas.

Causes of disorders in the body

Inflammatory and tumor processes occur when the immune system malfunctions, when it ceases to cope with the body's defense function. This may be a consequence of the action external factors:

• unfavorable climatic conditions,
• moving (disruption of adaptation),
• radiation,
• air pollution, water pollution,
• nitrates in food
• prolonged exposure to the sun
• stress.

Chronic foci of infection in the body, as well as a weak function of the excretory organs, contribute to an excessive load on the lymphatic system. The result is a decrease in its essential functions. Of no small importance for the lymphatic flow is the state of the circulatory system, of which the lymphatic system is a part.

Stagnant processes occur in the following pathological conditions:

• circulatory failure - arterial (weakness of cardiac activity) and venous (,);
• physical inactivity, obesity;
• diseases of the kidneys, liver, intestines;
• congenital anomalies in the development of the organs of the lymphatic system;
• injuries and operations, burns.

Symptoms of the onset of diseases

If the movement of lymph in the lower extremities is disturbed, swelling occurs, especially after intense exercise. If treatment is not carried out at this stage, then tissue edema (lymphedema) becomes dense, there is heaviness in the legs, cramps and soreness.

Inflammatory diseases of the vessels and nodes of the lymphatic system are manifested in the form of regional redness, swelling and thickening of the skin. It's accompanied high temperature, chills and headache. With deep lymphangitis, there are no external manifestations, but the affected area increases in volume due to tissue edema. Lymph nodes with lymphadenitis become painful, dense, they can be easily felt.

Condition Diagnostics

In order to examine the patency of the lymphatic vessels and the outflow blocking zone, the following methods are used:

• X-ray controlled lymphography, CT or MRI determine valvular insufficiency, structural anomalies. A normal lymphogram has the appearance of uneven accumulations of a contrast agent in the form of beads.
• Lymphoscintigraphy with technetium allows you to detect foci of radioisotope concentration in the zone of lymph stagnation.
• Ultrasound with - areas of vasoconstriction, changes in the nodes.
• Computer thermography is used for differential diagnosis with phlegmon, phlebitis and osteomyelitis.
• Biopsy of the lymph node - reveals blood tumors, cancer metastases.
• Blood tests - with inflammation, leukocytosis is noted, when sowing, it is possible to determine the causative agent of the infection.

If tuberculosis is suspected, tests with tuberculin (Mantoux) and chest x-ray are performed.

Treatment Options

In the initial stages of lymph stagnation, predominantly non-drug methods are used - massage, magnetotherapy, wearing compression stockings. A good effect was obtained from mechanical pneumocompression and laser treatment for diseases of the lymphatic vessels.

With severe lymphedema, appoint:

• phlebotonics (Detralex, Cyclo-3-fort, Aescin);
• enzymes - Wobenzym, Trypsin;
• angioprotectors - Trental, Quercetin;
• - Lasix, Trifas (no more than 2 - 3 days).

If there is a threat of sepsis, then ultraviolet blood irradiation can be used. At the stage of resorption or with sluggish inflammation, local compresses, dressings with Dimexide, Dioxidine, Chymotrypsin, and mud treatment are indicated.

The progression of lymphatic stagnation with the formation of elephantiasis of the limbs is treated by laying outflow paths during microsurgical operations.

How to cleanse the lymphatic system

Means are used to improve the movement of lymph in the body. traditional medicine, massage techniques. An important condition for the prevention of diseases is the motor mode - the load should be at least 30 minutes, the normal walking in nature, breathing exercises have a healing effect.

For the accelerated removal of metabolic products from the body and the neutralization of toxic compounds, use:

• sauna (steam room, bath);
• bath with warm water and sea salt;
• saturation of tissues with clean water;
• dairy restriction, meat products, white bread, starch;
• juices from cherries, blackberries, grapes, cranberries;
• salad of fresh beets and red cabbage with lemon;
• adding parsley and dill, lettuce and garlic to fresh to food;
• herbal tea from clover, elderflower, nettle (a teaspoon of one of the herbs in a glass of boiling water three times a day);
• tincture of echinacea or eleutherococcus 15 drops in the morning;
• chicory instead of coffee;
• spices - ginger, turmeric, fennel;
• instead of sweets - currants, blackberries, lingonberries and blueberries;
• Swedish bitter tincture - 10 g of juice from aloe leaves, a tablespoon of wormwood, rhubarb and senna leaves, on the tip of a knife - turmeric and saffron. Pour a liter of vodka and insist for 15 days. Drink a teaspoon with tea.

The impact of massage

Lymphatic drainage is enhanced by the use of strokes on the lymph flow. Since its movement occurs only from the bottom up, then the massage movements should have a similar direction.

In this case, the following changes occur in the tissues:

• accelerates the movement of fluid from the tissues into the lymphatic capillaries;
• puffiness decreases,
• products of metabolic processes are removed faster.

Pressing and squeezing works deeper soft tissues and vibration enhances microcirculation. Massage is contraindicated in any acute process in the body, and especially in the presence of a purulent focus, since in these cases, accelerated lymph flow will lead to the spread of the lesion to other organs and tissues.

The lymphatic system has a drainage function, is involved in metabolic processes and the formation of cells of the immune system. In case of overvoltage (due to external factors or against the background of diseases), immunity fails, which contributes to inflammatory or tumor processes.

Can be used for treatment antibacterial drugs, venotonics, angioprotectors. In severe cases, surgery is indicated. To cleanse the lymphatic system, you need to adjust your diet, move as much as possible, drink herbal teas, take a course of lymphatic drainage massage.

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lymphatic system

The lymphatic system is a network of blood vessels penetrating organs and tissues containing a colorless liquid - lymph.

Only the structures of the brain, the epithelial cover of the skin and mucous membranes, cartilage, parenchyma of the spleen, eyeball and placentas do not contain lymphatic vessels.

The lymphatic system, being an integral part of the vascular system, carries out tissue drainage along with veins through the formation of lymph, and also performs specific functions for it: barrier, lymphocytopoietic, immune.

Lymphocytopoietic function of the lymphatic system is provided by the activity of the lymph nodes. They carry out the production of lymphocytes, which enter the lymphatic and bloodstream. In the peripheral lymph, which is formed in the capillaries and flows through the lymphatic vessels before they flow into the lymph nodes, the number of lymphocytes is less than in the lymph flowing from the lymph nodes.

immune function of the lymphatic system is that plasma cells that produce antibodies are formed in the lymph nodes, are located B and T lymphocytes responsible for humoral and cellular immunity.

The barrier function of the lymphatic system is also carried out by the lymph nodes, in which foreign particles, microbes, tumor cells arriving with the lymph are retained, and then absorbed by phagocytic cells.

The blood flowing in the blood capillaries does not have direct contact with the tissues of the body: the tissues are washed by lymph.

Leaving the blood capillaries, the lymph moves in the interstitial crevices, from where it passes into thin-walled capillary lymphatic vessels, which merge and form larger trunks. In the end, all the lymph through two lymphatic trunks flows into the veins near their confluence with the heart. The number of lymphatic vessels in the body is many times greater than the number of blood vessels.

Unlike blood, which moves freely through the vessels, lymph flows through special accumulations of connective (lymphatic) tissue, the so-called lymph nodes (Fig. 4).

The flow of lymph through the lymphatic vessels is determined by numerous factors: a) the constant pressure of the resulting lymph; b) contraction of the walls of lymphangions; c) pulsation of blood vessels; d) movement of various segments of the body and limbs; e) contraction of smooth muscles in the walls of organs; e) suction action of the chest cavity, etc.

Rice. four. Direction of lymph flow to lymph nodes

Lymphatic vessels under the influence nervous system capable of active contractile function, i.e., the size of their lumen may change or the lumen is completely closed (shutdown from the lymphatic drainage). The tone of the muscular membrane of the lymphatic vessels, as well as the activity of the blood vessels, is regulated by the central nervous system.

Lymph nodes - organs of lymphocytopoiesis and the formation of antibodies, located along the lymphatic vessels and together with them making up the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes are located in groups.

From numerous lymph nodes head and neck note the superficial lymph nodes located on the back of the head (occipital nodes); under lower jaw- submandibular lymph nodes and on the lateral surfaces of the neck - cervical lymph nodes. Lymphatic vessels pass through these nodes, originating from cracks in the tissues of the head and neck.

AT mesentery of the intestine dense accumulations of mesenteric lymph nodes are located; through them pass all the lymphatic vessels of the intestine, originating in the intestinal villi.

From the lymphatics lower extremities it should be noted the superficial inguinal lymph nodes located in the inguinal region, and the femoral lymph nodes located slightly below the inguinal nodes - on the anterointernal surface of the thighs, as well as the popliteal lymph nodes.

From the lymph nodes of the chest and upper limbs, it is necessary to pay attention to the axillary lymph nodes, located rather superficially in the axillary region, and the ulnar lymph nodes located in the ulnar fossae - at the internal tendon of the biceps muscle. Through all these nodes pass lymphatic vessels, originating in the cracks and tissues of the upper limbs, chest and upper back.

The movement of lymph through the tissues and vessels is extremely slow. Even in large lymphatic vessels, the speed of the lymphatic flow barely reaches 4 mm per second.

The lymphatic vessels merge into several large vessels - the vessels of the lower extremities and lower body form two lumbar trunks, and the lymphatic vessels of the intestine form the intestinal trunk. The fusion of these trunks forms the largest lymphatic vessel of the body - the left, or thoracic, duct, into which the trunk flows, collecting lymph from the left upper half of the body.

Lymph from the right half of the upper body is collected in another large vessel - the right lymphatic duct. Each of the ducts enters the general blood stream at the confluence of the jugular and subclavian veins.

Inside the lymphatic vessels, like the veins, there are valves that facilitate the movement of lymph.

The acceleration of lymphatic flow during muscular work is a consequence of an increase in the area of ​​capillary filtration, filtration pressure and volume of interstitial fluid. Under these conditions, the lymphatic system, removing excess capillary filtrate, is directly involved in the normalization of hydrostatic pressure in the interstitial space. An increase in the transport function of the lymphatic system is simultaneously accompanied by stimulation of the resorption function. The resorption of fluid and plasma proteins from the intercellular space to the roots of the lymphatic system increases. The movement of fluid in the direction of blood - interstitial fluid - lymph occurs due to changes in hemodynamics and an increase in the transport function (ability) of the lymphatic channel. Removing excess fluid from tissues, while redistributing it within the extracellular space, the lymphatic system creates conditions for the normal implementation of transcapillary exchange and weakens the effect of a rapid increase in the volume of interstitial fluid on cells, acting as a kind of damper. The ability of the lymphatic bed to both remove and partially deposit fluid and proteins leaving the blood capillaries is an important mechanism for its participation in the regulation of plasma volume under conditions of physical exertion.

Among the central mechanisms that play an important role in the phase changes in the lymph flow during dosed muscle work and in recovery period, include changes in the neurohumoral supply of muscle activity and lymph circulation processes, changes in the functional state of organs, motor activity of skeletal muscles, parameters of external respiration.

Currently, there is a real possibility of active influence on the functional state of the lymphatic system (Mikusev Yu. E.). Physical lymphostimulants include:

Local irritants (compresses, mustard plasters, banks);

Means of physiotherapy exercises;

Methods of oriental reflexology;

electromagnetic fields;

Hyperbaric oxygenation.

Methods for stimulating lymph formation and lymph circulation:

1. Lymph-stimulating substances. Substances that affect hemodynamics:

A. Increasing hydrodynamic blood pressure and reducing plasma osmolarity (creating water load).

B. Contributing, due to their molarity, to the influx of fluid into the vascular system and thereby increasing the hydrodynamic pressure of the blood.

C. Influencing the rheological properties of blood and lymph.

2. Means that affect the system of microlymphohemocirculation:

A. Changing the permeability of cell membranes.

B. Influencing the receptor structures of the microvascular bed (? - mimetics,? -blockers).

3. Drugs affecting the central and intermediate links in the regulation of general and local hemodynamics (vasomotor center and heart).

4. Substances that affect the mechanisms that produce the movement of the lymph or contribute to it.

Biological methods of lymphostimulation:

Intravenous drip infusion of autologous blood;

Intravenous drip infusion of the central autolymph;

The use of a class of bioorganic compounds that act as neurotransmitters.

On the upper limb lymphatic vessels begin on the back and palmar surfaces of the fingers with transverse trunks. The latter, having reached the lateral surfaces of the fingers, gather into larger trunks that rise vertically to the palm (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Location of the lymphatic network in the upper extremities

This arrangement of the lymphatic pathways determines the technique of stroking and rubbing the fingers. Massage techniques should be carried out as follows:

Under the influence of massage, the movement of all body fluids, especially blood and lymph, is accelerated, and this happens not only in the massaged area of ​​the body, but also in distant veins and arteries. So, for example, foot massage can cause redness skin heads.

The massage therapist needs to familiarize himself in detail with the location of the network of lymphatic tracts and with the directions in which the massage should be performed.

On the palmar and dorsal surfaces - in the transverse direction;

On the side surface - straight up.

Further, the vessels of the back surface of the hand go mainly along the interosseous spaces and rise to the forearm, and the vessels of the palm are directed along the radius from the center of the palm to the elevations. thumb and little finger. From the palm of the hand, the vessels pass to the forearm and shoulder almost vertically and reach the axillary nodes. From the back surface of the hand, the lymphatic vessels, bending around the shoulder, also go to these nodes; while some of them go around the shoulder in front, and the other part - behind. Ultimately, all the vessels of the upper limb pass through one of the axillary nodes and some of them also through the ulnar nodes.

Therefore, when massaging the forearm, the masseur's hand should move in the direction of the nodes located in the elbow bend, and when massaging the shoulder, in the direction of the nodes located in the armpit and the nodes lying above the internal condyle.

On the lower limb collecting from the back and plantar sides of the foot, the lymphatic vessels rise on both sides of the ankles; while in inside thigh and leg vessels go straight up to the inguinal nodes; vessels running along the anterior and outer surface of the limbs reach the inguinal fold, bending around the thigh in front; the vessels running along the back and inner surface, bending around the thigh from behind, also reach the same group of inguinal nodes. Part of the lymphatic vessels passes through two or three nodes located in the popliteal fossa (Fig. 6)

Rice. 6. Location of the lymphatic network in the lower limb

In connection with the indicated location of the lymphatic pathways, the massage therapist's hand, when performing massage techniques on the muscles of the lower leg, is directed to the nodes located in the popliteal fossa, and on the muscles of the thigh - to the nodes lying under the pupart ligament.

Two large groups of axillary and inguinal nodes play the role of centers, not only all the lymphatic vessels of the limbs flow into them, but also the vessels of the general integument of the body.

Thus, on level lumbar spine there is, as it were, a lymphosphere: the lymph of the integument of the upper body and the entire lymph of the upper extremities passes through the axillary nodes, and the lymph of the lower extremities and integuments below the lumbar line passes through the inguinal nodes (Fig. 7)

Rice. 7. Lymphatic network on: a) front surface of the body; b) the back surface of the body and the direction of massage movements

Consequently, the direction of movement of the masseur's hands when massaging the muscles of the chest, upper and middle parts of the back is towards the axillary nodes of the corresponding side. When massaging the muscles of the lumbosacral region, the hands move towards the inguinal nodes.

In the neck, the lymphatic vessels lie on top of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and deep below it. They form a plexus that accompanies carotid artery and the jugular vein and near the lower end of this vein forms one common trunk that flows into the upper end of the thoracic duct.

When massaging the head and neck, the movements of the massage therapist's hands are directed downwards (Fig. 8).

Rice. eight. Lymphatic network: a) lateral and posterior surfaces of the head and neck; b) facial area and scalp

1. All movements when performing various massage techniques are performed along the lymphatic flow towards the nearest lymph nodes.

2. The upper limbs are massaged towards the elbow and axillary nodes; lower - towards the popliteal and inguinal; the chest is massaged from the sternum to the sides, to the armpits; back - from the spinal column to the sides: to the armpits when massaging the upper and middle regions of the back, to the inguinal - when massaging the lumbosacral region; the neck muscles are massaged in the direction of the massage therapist's hands downwards, to the subclavian nodes.

3. Lymph nodes are not massaged.

Content

The lymphatic system performs the functions of cleansing tissues and cells from foreign agents in the body ( foreign bodies), protection from toxic substances. It is part of the circulatory system, but differs in structure from it and is considered as an independent structural and functional unit that has its own network of vessels and organs. The main feature of the lymphatic system is its open structure.

What is the lymphatic system

The complex of specialized vessels, organs, structural elements is called the lymphatic system. Main elements:

1. Capillaries, trunks, vessels through which fluid (lymph) moves. The main difference from blood vessels is a large number of valves that allow the fluid to be dispersed in all directions.
2. Nodes - single or organized by education groups that act as lymph filters. They trap harmful substances, process microbial and viral particles, antibodies by phagocytosis.
3. Central authorities - thymus, spleen, red bone marrow, in which specific immune blood cells - lymphocytes - are formed, mature and "learn".
4. Separate accumulations of lymphoid tissue - adenoids.

Functions

The human lymphatic system performs a number of important tasks:

1. Ensuring the circulation of tissue fluid, with which toxic substances and metabolites leave the tissue.
2. fat transport, fatty acids from small intestine, which ensures the rapid delivery of nutrients to organs and tissues.
3. Protective function of blood filtration.
4. immune function: production a large number lymphocytes.

Structure

The following structural elements are distinguished in the lymphatic system: lymphatic vessels, nodes and lymph proper. Conventionally, in anatomy, the organs of the lymphatic system include some parts of the immune system that provide a constant composition of human lymph, the utilization of harmful substances. The lymphatic system in women has, according to some studies, a larger network of vessels, and in men there is an increased number of lymph nodes. It can be concluded that the lymphatic system, due to the peculiarities of its structure, helps the immune system.

Scheme

The lymph flow and the structure of the human lymphatic system obey a certain scheme, which provides the lymph with the opportunity to flow from the interstitial space to the nodes. The basic rule of lymphatic flow is the movement of fluid from the periphery to the center, while passing filtration in several stages through local nodes. Departing from the nodes, the vessels form trunks called ducts.

From the left upper limb, neck, left lobe of the head, organs below the ribs, flowing into the left subclavian vein The lymph flow forms the thoracic duct. Passing through the right upper quarter of the body, including the head and chest, bypassing the right subclavian vein, the lymph flow forms the right duct. This separation helps not to overload the vessels and nodes, the lymph circulates freely from the interstitial space into the blood. Any blockage of the duct threatens with edema or tissue swelling.

Lymph movement

The speed, direction of movement of the lymph during normal functioning is constant. The movement begins from the moment of synthesis in the lymphatic capillaries. With the help of the contractile element of the walls of blood vessels and valves, the fluid collects and moves to a certain group of nodes, is filtered, then, purified, is poured into large veins. Thanks to this organization, the functions of the lymphatic system are not limited to the circulation of interstitial fluid, and it can work as an instrument of the immune system.

• Lymphomyosot - instructions for use, form of release, indications for children and adults, side effects and price
• Microcurrents for the face - the principle of exposure, indications, preparation and conduct, effect with photo and contraindications
• Inflammation of the lymph nodes: causes of the disease, symptoms and treatment

Diseases of the lymphatic system

The most common diseases are lymphadenitis - tissue inflammation due to the accumulation of a large amount of lymphatic fluid, in which the concentration of harmful microbes and their metabolites is very high. Often, the pathology has the appearance of an abscess. The mechanisms of lymphadenitis can be triggered by:

• tumors, both malignant and benign;
• prolonged squeezing syndrome;
• injuries affecting directly the lymphatic vessels;
• bacterial systemic diseases;
• destruction of red blood cells

Diseases of the lymphatic system include local infectious lesions of organs: tonsillitis, inflammation of individual lymph nodes, tissue lymphangitis. Such problems arise due to the failure of the human immune system, excessive infectious load. Folk methods of treatment involve various methods of cleaning nodes, vessels.

How to cleanse the lymphatic system

The lymphatic system performs the function of a “filter” of the human body; many pathogenic substances accumulate in it. The body copes with the function of cleaning the lymphatic vessels and nodes on its own. However, if symptoms of incompetence of the lymphatic and immune systems appear (hardening of the nodes, frequent colds), it is recommended to carry out cleansing measures on your own for prevention purposes. How to cleanse the lymph and lymphatic system, you can ask your doctor.

1. A diet consisting of a large amount of pure water, raw vegetables and boiled buckwheat without salt. This diet is recommended to follow 5-7 days.
2. Lymphatic drainage massage, which will eliminate the stagnation of the lymph and “stretch” the vessels, improving their tone. Use with caution when varicose veins veins.
3. Reception of phytopreparations and herbs. Oak bark, hawthorn fruits will increase lymph flow, diuretic action will help to eliminate toxins.

Video

Attention! The information provided in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and make recommendations for treatment, based on individual features specific patient.

Today we will talk about beauty again, but instead of testing new face creams and masks, we will turn our attention deep into the body, namely, we will study the lymphatic system, lymphatic drainage and their impact on beauty and health in general.

The skin is of great importance for us, and not only because it is well-groomed and beautiful, it makes us beautiful. The skin performs many different functions - protection from harmful external influences, maintains the temperature of internal organs, softens the body as a whole, toxic waste products of the body are constantly released through the skin. In other words, the skin is an intermediary between the body and the external environment.

The respiratory and excretory functions of the skin are vital to health. If the normal functioning of the skin stops, poisoning of the body can occur. Skin disease always affects the health of the body, in the same way, a disease of any organ affects the condition of the skin. Influencing the skin with various medical means, it is possible to influence the whole organism, for example, hydrotherapy, massage, etc.

And so, everything in our body is interconnected. When we talk about skin care, we always start with cleansing, then moisturizing, and so on. But most importantly, if the body is not cleansed from the inside, then all efforts with skin rejuvenation will be in vain. So let's think about health first. What we are going to talk about now will tell us what efforts and where each of us needs to make in order to combine beauty and health.

Today we will talk about such an important system that plays a special role in the human body, this is the lymphatic system. In order for you to seriously think about how important it is for the skin and the whole organism as a whole, you will have to delve a little deeper into the structure of your body. Perhaps then many of us will understand what prevents our skin from having a beautiful color, being elastic, elastic and velvety.

The lymphatic system is part of the vascular system in the human body. The lymph circulating in the body moves slowly under slight pressure, since there is no organ in the lymphatic system that acts as a pump, which the heart does in circulatory system. The speed of its movement is 0.3 mm/s. Lymph moves in one direction - towards the large veins.

It plays an important role in the metabolism and cleansing of the cells and tissues of the body. Thus, we already see where the cleansing of the body begins, and in particular the skin, which we take care of in the first place.

The lymphatic system includes:

How is lymph formed and in general, what kind of structure is it?

Even the ancient Greek doctors discovered that in addition to the red liquid in the human body, there is also a transparent one, which they called lymph, which means in Greek - “ pure water, moisture.

As a result of contraction of the heart, the liquid part of the blood penetrates the walls of blood vessels, tissue fluid is formed. Part of the tissue fluid returns to the blood again. Since the heart works, and blood constantly flows through the vessels, the difference in fluid pressure outside the vessels and inside always exists.

It looks like a perpetual motion machine that works while the heart lives... But part of the tissue fluid, washing the cells, enters the lymphatic capillaries that penetrate the tissues of the whole body, so lymph is formed. Tissue fluid nourishes the cells, removes their waste and moisturizes the body.

The fluid that enters the lymphatic system is already called lymph. The smallest lymphatic capillaries merge into lymphatic vessels, which have thin walls and valves that prevent the outflow of lymph. Lymph moves in one direction along the lymphatic vessels, along which there are also lymph nodes.

The lymph nodes, these soft and small internal structures, produce immune cells. It is the nodes that act as filters in which microbes are neutralized. When there is a threat to our body from an infection, and various bacteria enter the lymph, the lymph nodes increase the production of protective cells that are actively involved in the destruction of microbes and foreign substances.

From the lymph nodes, filtered lymph through the lymphatic vessels enters the veins, that is, it returns to the blood. The largest lymph nodes you can feel yourself, they are in the cervical regions. Large nodes are also found in the axillary, popliteal and inguinal regions. When you get a sore throat, there is an increase in the lymph nodes - the tonsils, because it is here that the battle between microbes and the protective substances of the body takes place.

The lymphatic system contributes to the redistribution of fluid in the tissues of the body, since its capillaries drain all tissue intercellular spaces. From here we see that the lymphatic system not only cleanses our body, but also moisturizes it. And we hope to achieve skin hydration only with the help of moisturizing creams, when all this directly depends on the lymphatic system.

If everything is in order in our body, there are no failures, tissue fluid does not accumulate in excess in the tissues, since the lymphatic system moves it through the lymphatic vessels and returns it to the blood. Otherwise, fluid accumulates in the intercellular space, and edema occurs.

For example, in cellulite, the accumulation of fluid in the tissues is often associated with the presence of toxins in the body. Thus, the lymphatic system cleanses and moisturizes all tissues of the body, and also transports nutrients.

Beauty machine for lymphatic drainage

If, after reading, you understood everything, then you will be able to answer the question why is it so important for our body, at least morning exercises? The answer is simple. After all, the lymph moves very slowly. But if there is no “pump” in the lymphatic system, then how does it move, no matter how due to muscle contraction, which pushes the lymph further along its difficult life path.

Lymphatic capillaries and vessels penetrate the muscle tissue, the muscles contract - the lymph is pushed through, but there is no way for it to go back, the valves in the lymphatic vessels do not pass. But if the muscle around the vessel does not work, then where does the movement of the lymph come from? Now you understand what movement means and, in general, physical exercise.

Stagnation and damage to the lymph from the fact that the muscles are lazy, because we are too lazy to do exercises, leads to sad consequences. Physical exercises significantly accelerate the movement of lymph. And this, in turn, improves the condition of tissues with edema and stagnation.

A sedentary lifestyle combined with a heavy meal leads to an overload of the lymphatic system, and often for this reason, various diseases and immunity disorders occur.

From all that has been said, we see that the lymphatic system

Redistributes fluid in the body;

Protects the body from infections and diseases by removing and destroying various bacteria in the lymph nodes; human immunity depends on it;

Removes foreign substances and waste products;

Transfers nutrients from tissue spaces to the blood.

Now imagine that the lymph nodes are clogged, what will happen then, because they are the body's filter? Then, let's say, dirty lymph cannot pass through the lymph node, and the body throws it out, onto the skin. What will you see on your skin? - There will be dermatitis, furunculosis, acne, acne, diathesis, psoriasis ... Probably enough to list.

When we catch a cold, we get a runny nose and stuffy nose. Since the body is fighting microbes, and lymph is directly involved in this, before it enters the blood, it must be cleansed of toxins. The lymph gets rid of this rubbish through the mucous membranes and skin. Therefore, use for a long time vasoconstrictor drops during a runny nose should not, we interfere with the work of the lymphatic system.

The second example, when we deliberately disrupt the work of the lymph nodes, is a sweat deodorant. Sweat is the release of not just moisture from the body, but also toxins. If you constantly use deodorant that blocks sweat, you are harming your body by leaving harmful substances in tissues in certain areas, such as underarms. In this zone, the mammary glands are very close. And then you should understand a lot.

And what will help the work of the lymphatic system, except for charging?

In Russia, treatment with a steam bath with a broom, tea with currant leaves or raspberries has long been used. The use of the bath should be consulted with a doctor.

Breathing techniques can also stimulate lymph flow, improving your health.

The movement of the lymph is also helped by massage, which increases the outflow of tissue fluid. However, the massage should be in the form of light and gentle circular strokes and kneading. In addition, you need to know for sure that massage is not contraindicated for you.

The main reason for contraindications may be malignant neoplasms(crayfish). After all, massage movements make the lymph move, and with it the malignant cells, which contributes to the formation of metastases. And in general, any procedures that affect the lymphatic system are unacceptable for cancer.

How does massage affect the lymphatic system?

Accelerates the movement of lymph in the lymphatic vessels. Massage movements should occur in the direction of the outflow of lymph to the nearest lymph nodes. Pressure on muscle tissue facilitates the penetration of tissue fluid through the walls of blood vessels, and this prevents or reduces swelling.

Harmful substances that easily pass through the walls of the lymphatic vessels are removed from the body faster. Massage movements - stroking, pressing and squeezing should be gentle. With swelling of the legs, the outflow of fluid will help if they are raised, since in this case the movement of fluid and lymph will be helped by gravity.

A professional massage therapist can make a lymphatic massage with benefit, and not harm. You can do it yourself at home, but for this you need to get instructions on the basic techniques from a specialist. the volume of the lymphatic flow can be increased 20 times, which means an increase in the ability of the lymphatic system to remove toxins and harmful bacteria, enhance immunity.

It is useful not only for problems with the lymphatic system, but also in the case when you have a cold or just want to relieve fatigue. All touches should be gentle and soft.

Massage with essential oils such as geranium, rosemary and juniper, grapefruit, Atlas cedar and lemon oils is effective to activate the movement of the lymph and reduce swelling. Also used essential oils anise, orange, basil, cloves, oregano, ginger, hyssop, cypress, coriander, lavender, lemongrass, carrot, naioli.

Carrier oils can be wheat germ oil, almond oil, avocado, peach oil, jojoba, macadamia oil, safflower oil.

Lymphatic drainage of the face and body at home

At home, you can use a bath with a lymphatic drainage mixture, which includes:

If you add 30 ml of grape seed oil to this mixture, you can do self-massage with it.

Malfunctions in the functioning of the lymphatic system are indicated not only by edema or cellulite, but also by other diseases where there is an inefficient removal of harmful substances from the body. For example - frequent colds, headaches, skin problems, etc.

Lymphatic drainage will help in stimulating the immune system, removing toxins from the body, with poor complexion, aging skin, and bruising under the eyes. After a course of lymphatic drainage, cell nutrition usually improves, the body is cleansed, metabolism improves, skin regeneration processes are stimulated, its dryness is eliminated, bags under the eyes disappear, wrinkles are smoothed out.

Now you see the necessity and importance of the lymphatic system, on which human immunity depends. Immunity is life!