Keratosis of the skin of the face: treatment. What is keratosis Increased keratinization of the skin

Let's start with the fact that skin keratosis is a collective term, which is understood as a whole group of non-inflammatory diseases associated with a violation of skin keratinization. Clinically, the process can manifest itself as a slight peeling, and the formation of thickened horny layers. There are follicular, seborrheic, actinic keratoses.

Follicular keratosis characterized by the formation of horny plugs in the mouths of the hair follicles.

seborrheic keratosis is a plaque-like or nodular formation with a warty surface, covered with dry horny masses of flesh, brown or black in people over 50 years old.

actinic keratosis appears on exposed areas of the skin, initially appears as bumps, roughness of the skin, which eventually transforms into rough, scaly patches that vary in color from normal skin tone to reddish brown. They are often limited and vary in size.

What causes acquired keratoses?

The main cause of almost all keratoses is called chronic exposure to ultraviolet rays. In the literature, all changes associated with sun exposure are often grouped under the term dermatoheliosis. So, the damaging effect can affect the epidermis (senile, actinic keratosis), the dermis (solar elastosis), blood vessels (telangiectasias), sebaceous glands(porokeratosis) and melanocytes (dyschromia).

The effects of sun damage to the skin gradually accumulate as the total amount of time spent under UV exposure increases from year to year. This leads to the fact that the peak incidence of this nosology falls on the age of 50 years and older.

However, nowadays, actinic keratosis has become much more common in young people. As a rule, these are people of the first and second phototype (with fair skin, blond or red hair, and blue, green or gray eyes). A high probability of developing keratosis in young people who are exposed to sunlight for a long time.

The incidence is slightly higher in men because they tend to use little to no sun protection. Clinical Research it is estimated that about 60 percent of predisposed persons by the age of forty have at least one element of actinic keratosis. Some experts believe that almost everyone over the age of 80 suffers from some form of keratosis.

In addition, individuals whose immune defenses have been weakened by chemotherapy, extensive exposure to X-rays or a number of industrial chemicals, AIDS patients, organ transplant patients, patients with disorders of the nervous and endocrine systems etc. less able to deal with the effects of radiation and therefore more likely to develop keratoses.

What are the symptoms of this disease? In what areas do they appear most often?

The onset of the disease, as a rule, the patient can miss and not pay attention to small irregularities, roughness, sometimes invisible to the eye, on the skin of the cheeks, bridge of the nose, ears, forearms, upper arms and forearms, back of the hands, back of the neck, upper chest, even on the scalp. Moreover, actinic keratosis can also develop in closed areas of the body that have been exposed to sunlight more than once.

Developed actinic keratosis is represented by neoplasms from 0.1 cm to 2 cm or more. Over time, the spots become red or brownish in color and peel off, may rise above the skin in the form of growths. Most often we see such patients at the reception in the clinic. Actinic keratosis develops, as a rule, very slowly and usually does not cause any inconvenience, except for aesthetic ones. Itching or burning in the affected area usually occurs in places of long-term and pronounced keratinization. Most often, elements of skin keratosis develop slowly, but can disappear and reappear with repeated exposures that damage the skin. They can become inflamed and, in rare cases, even bleed.

How common is this skin keratosis?

Seborrheic (not caused by sun exposure, and not a precancerous disease) and actinic (solar, senile, precancerous) keratoses are among the most common types. benign neoplasms skin. But, mainly, as we mentioned, in people of the older age group. More often these are multiple neoplasms than single ones.

Is it possible to treat skin keratosis with the help of cosmetics, medical cosmetics? How do they work? Do cosmetic procedures help cure keratosis? If yes, which ones?

Some patients with actinic keratosis come to the clinic with cosmetic purpose, part - to relieve the accompanying symptoms of itching, burning, infection, injury. Experts, in the first place, believe that the need for treatment of keratoses is primarily to prevent the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment can be therapeutic or destructive.

The purpose of the therapeutic effect is to reduce the number of elements of keratosis before the use of destructive methods of treatment.

Treatment of keratosis with medical cosmetics, as a rule, can alleviate the course of seborrheic keratosis, reduce the symptoms of itching, but cannot cure.

Usually, to soften and exfoliate keratotic areas, applications of keratolytic agents containing a different percentage of urea (12-30%) (ureatop, keratosan, ureaderm, akerat), vitamins A and E, preparations based on alpha-, hydroxy-, salicylic lactic acids are used. .

To date, several topical preparations and formulations are available for therapeutic treatment keratoses are:

• fluorouracil (cream 5% (Efudex), 1% (Fluoroplex) and 0.5% (Carac). It is the recognized standard of care for keratoses. Used twice a day for two to four weeks
• imiquimod (aldara). Applied once a day, two or three days a week, for 16 weeks
• diclofenac 3% gel

Are there any new developments in this direction on the world market?

Well, for example, from 1998 to the present, the Australian biopharmaceutical company Peplin has been studying the topical treatment of actinic keratosis with the drug Ingenol Mebutate, which is the first in a new class of formulations and is derived from milkweed juice. This ingredient has a long history of traditional use for a variety of skin diseases, including topical treatment skin cancer and premalignant skin lesions. The company is going to move into the third phase of the test in the near future.

And what are destructive (ablative) methods?

All neoplasms on the skin must be examined by a dermatologist before removal due to the risk of skin cancer. Timely treatment will help avoid the development of basal cell skin cancer (BCC) or squamous cell skin cancer (SCC).

1. Cryosurgery using liquid nitrogen is the most common method for the treatment of keratoses, but is not suitable in case of hyperkeratotic formations. Liquid nitrogen is sprayed directly onto the affected areas of the skin using a cryodestructor or applied using the “reed” method (application with a cotton swab on a wooden stick). Cryosurgery is easily performed on an outpatient basis, shows excellent cosmetic results and is well tolerated.
2. Radio wave, electro- and diathermo - laser destruction.
3. Photodynamic therapy involves the application of a photosensitizing agent - methyl aminolevulinate, and then exposure to light of a certain wavelength, which leads to tissue necrosis. Photodynamic therapy is well tolerated with excellent cosmetic results.
4. Surgical removal. The surface of the skin is cleaned with a special tool (curette).
5. Chemical peel:

• Jessner's solution (resorcinol, lactic and salicylic acid in ethanol);
• trichloroacetic acid solution 35%.

Is it possible to use exfoliating agents, scrubs for keratosis, do peeling on the affected areas of the skin? What cosmetic procedures are contraindicated/indicated for keratosis? How dangerous is self-treatment of skin keratosis?

Be careful! After all, it is impossible to determine “by eye” from which plaques skin cancer can develop. Only a doctor can prescribe the appropriate treatment in your case. Carrying out uncontrolled intervention at home (peeling, scrubbing or removing keratosis on your own), you can provoke inflammation, bleeding or infection.

It must be remembered that, despite the fact that not all keratomas can turn into cancer, unfortunately, there is no way to identify in advance from the multitude those single ones that may be precursors of squamous cell carcinoma.

Recent molecular studies show a close relationship between keratoses and the development of squamous cell carcinoma. Thus, senile or actinic keratosis may be the first step leading to the development of squamous cell carcinoma. Although the vast majority of keratoses remain benign, some studies show that up to ten percent can progress to squamous cell carcinoma. This percentage doesn't sound high or intimidating, but it has a big impact when it comes to squamous cell cancer. According to studies by foreign authors, about 40-60 percent of untreated skin keratosis can transform into RCC. Between 2 and 10 percent of squamous cell carcinomas spread to internal organs and pose a threat to life.

It is very important to remember that the more elements of keratosis you have, the greater the chance that one or more can turn into skin cancer.

Remember that treating skin keratosis at an early stage helps prevent this possibility! And the surest way to prevent the development of keratosis is sun protection.

A hundred years ago, it was considered vulgar to have dark color skin. The skin was covered from the sun with the help of umbrellas, gloves, hats were worn to prevent sunlight from reaching the skin. The only people who were exposed to the sun were manual laborers.

In the late 1940s, society decided that tanned skin was synonymous with healthy skin. A healthy, and therefore tanned, appearance was considered socially desirable. Fortunately, it is no longer fashionable to have dark skin and be known as a “tan victim”. Nevertheless, we cannot completely protect ourselves from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation, but it is quite possible to protect ourselves. Here are some habits that really work:

• Avoid sunbathing, especially between 10 am and 4 pm.
• Avoid sunburn.
• Use sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher every day 30 minutes before going outside. Reapply every two hours or immediately after swimming or excessive sweating.
• Protect exposed skin with a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses.
• Do not expose newborns to the sun. Sunscreens should be used for children over the age of six months.
• Examine your skin from head to toe every month.

And when is it necessary to see a doctor?

You need to see a doctor:

• If the neoplasm has increased in a short period of time (weeks or months).
• In case of injury or inflammation of the neoplasm.
• If you notice suspicious changes on the skin that bleed and do not heal for a long time.
• If there is severe itching, soreness in the area of ​​actinic keratosis, the color of the formation has changed.

Skin keratosis is considered the generalized name of a number of diseases that are characterized by excessive keratinization of the epidermis(top layer of skin).

Keratosis of the face can have both limited localization and extensive.

In most cases, neoplasms are benign character. But the larger the area of ​​the lesion, the greater the likelihood of keratosis transformation. into malignant.

The disease is progressive in nature, so it is necessary to consult a doctor in time and start therapy. Otherwise, it threatens development of complications.

Today unequivocal opinion, what is direct factor in the development of keratosis, does not exist. It is known that the pathology does not belong to the viral, and is not contagious.

Allocate such main reasons, due to which the formation of keratomas is possible:

• genetic predisposition;
• dry skin due to the use of drying care products;
• deficiency of vitamins responsible for skin health (A, E, C, B);
• exposure to UV rays in the abuse of sunburn;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver due to malnutrition;
• stress and nervous tension, causing the loss of vitamin B;
• taking hormonal drugs;
• metabolic disease.

Particularly at risk for keratosis are people over 40(senile keratosis).

Types and symptoms of keratosis on the face

Keratosis on the face can be of several types, depending on the etiology and the process of its development.

actinic- most often associated with prolonged exposure to UV radiation.

First, irregularities appear on the face, which progress to scaly patches various shades (from skin color to red-brown). The sizes of formations can be different.

seborrheic- oval formations, for which characteristic slow growth. First, a spot of about 2-3 cm of a yellowish tint appears, which gradually thickens, becomes covered with greasy crusts. They can be easily separated from the skin.

progressing, the formation increases in diameter. The crusts are layered on top of each other, darken. Moderate bleeding from the formation due to the appearance of cracks is possible.

Follicular- characterized by the formation of a node with clear boundaries of a pale flesh or pink hue. The diameter of the formation is not more than 1.2 cm.

Its surface is slightly bumpy, in the center there is a depression or a flat silvery scale. Such a keratoma is usually observed on the cheeks, nasolabial fold or border of the lips.

Senile It usually develops after 50 years of age. The first symptom is the appearance of a yellowish spot, resembling a highly pigmented skin area. Over time, the formation becomes darker, grows in diameter.

The structure of the keratoma becomes softer and looser. Later, roughness and peeling appear. Dimensions of education can vary from 1/2 to 6 cm.

Treatment of keratosis of the skin of the face

At the first manifestations of the disease prerequisite is a doctor's consultation. He will conduct a visual examination, prescribe tests to determine the cause and exclude the malignant nature of keratosis.

Only then will he be able to determine which treatments will be effective in each particular case.

conservative methods

Target conservative treatment - reduce the number of keratomas, their symptomatic manifestations by destructive methods. More often, local applications of keratolytics with a urea content (12-30%) are used to exfoliate and soften formations:

• Ureaderm.
• Keratosan.
• Ureatop.
• Akerat.

Products with salicylic and lactic acid:

• carac.
• Efudex.
• Fluoroplex.
• Imiquimod.
• Fluorouracil.

In addition to drugs for external use, funds are prescribed for oral administration:

• Vitamins A and C or Aevit.
• Vitamins B2, B6.

Folk recipes

Non-traditional methods can only be used as an aid to complex treatment. In this case, the use of each remedy requires prior approval from the doctor. Popular recipes:

• Mix 1:1 tar and butter. Make dressings at night for follicular keratosis.
• Do soft yeast brew. Let it rise a little and form a cake. Apply it to the formation on the face for 2 hours. After that, rinse with warm water. The procedure should be done within 3-5 days at the first signs of the disease.
• cook decoction of burdock(2 tablespoons of raw materials per 0.5 l of water). Treat problem areas 2-3 times a day, do not rinse.
• Apply to keratoma fresh aloe leaf for the night. Top with gauze and film, secure with a plaster. In the morning, remove the compress and treat the formation with salicylic alcohol.
• Pour onion peel 200 ml of vinegar. Insist 2 weeks in a dark cool place. Strain the remedy and make lotions for half an hour. Be careful not to burn healthy facial skin.

Hardware treatment of keratosis on the face

If traditional methods do not work, most often radical methods of removing formations can be prescribed, which are carried out in stationary conditions.

• electrocoagulation;
• cryotherapy (exposure to liquid nitrogen);
• laser removal;
• deep chemical peeling;
• dermabrasion;
• photodynamic therapy;
• surgical removal.

Which method to choose, the doctor determines in each case individually. It all depends on the type of keratosis, the size and shape of the formations.

If you suspect malignant character keratomas, it is recommended to remove it only surgically, using a laser or radio wave method. All other methods are not effective enough. They are not able to eliminate all malignant cells, which causes their rather rapid growth after the procedure.

If education is benign character and causes discomfort, as a cosmetic defect, cryodestruction, electrocoagulation, deep chemical peeling are used. The use of acids and ointments with cytostatics is effective in solar keratomas, which are shallow and small.

Thus, from keratosis on the face, you can get rid of fast enough if identified and corrected in a timely manner.

You can not self-medicate keratosis. Only an experienced doctor will be able to make an accurate diagnosis, identify the causes of the pathology, and prescribe appropriate therapy.

Keratosis is a condition associated with pronounced thickening and keratinization of the skin. As the pathology grows, discomfort increases, painful sensations, bleeding cracks, and erosion appear. Keratosis is a group of diseases with characteristic features skin keratinization disorders.

Reasons for the appearance

Researchers regularly conduct research aimed at studying the etiology of keratosis, but the exact causes of it have not yet been established. The main reason is considered to be regular exposure of the skin to ultraviolet radiation. It affects the epidermal layers, dermis, vessels, melonocytes, sebaceous glands. Gradually, under the influence of the sun, the disturbances increase, leading to the peak of the disease.

Factors contributing to the development of pathology:

• genetic predisposition;
• the effect on the skin of chemicals (sand, oil, resinous substances and others);
• weakened immunity;
• transferred infectious diseases, the result of which is keratosis;
• age-related changes (more often the disease affects people over 50 years old).

AIDS carriers, persons with endocrine problems, nervous system, patients who have undergone complex operations, chemotherapy, are more prone to the occurrence of keratosis due to the inability of the immune system to cope with the consequences of diseases.

Today, young people are often exposed to some types of keratosis. In most cases, they are blond or red, with gray, green or blue color eye. Studies show that by the age of 40, 60% of individuals already have at least 1 element of keratosis. And after 80 years, everyone suffers from some form of this pathology.

Types and symptoms of keratosis

A person may not notice the initial stage of changes in the skin. He may have imperceptible roughness, irregularities in different parts of the body (nose bridge, cheeks, forearms, ears, hairy part heads, etc.). At first, the formation is small, hard to the touch, brown or red. Around the affected area, the skin may peel off, itching appears. At the site of the appearance of the keratoma, the hairline is disturbed.

There is no single classification of the types of this disease, since it has not yet been fully studied.

According to the etiology, keratosis is classified:

• Congenital - manifested at birth or in the younger childhood. It occurs very rarely.
• Acquired - occurs in adulthood (sometimes in adolescence).
• Symptomatic - the causes of its appearance are external factors.

The affected area can be local (individual single areas are affected) and diffuse (extensive areas of the skin are affected).

According to clinical manifestations, several types of pathology are distinguished.

Follicular keratosis
Horn plugs form in the hair follicles. These are dead cells that have shed off the top layer of the skin. They close the growth of the hair, forming nodules. Most often appears on the face, abdomen, shoulders, neck, buttocks, in the armpit. Its manifestations are characteristic of the cold season, by the summer the signs of the disease may disappear, leaving a trace of the keratoma. This type is also called pilar keratosis. When the nodule grows more than 3 mm, pain may appear. Exacerbation of the inflammatory process can cause the use of allergenic products.

seborrheic keratosis
It is characterized by nodular or plaque-like formations that have a warty surface. From above, keratomas are covered with black or brown keratinized matter. More common in people over 50, also called senile keratosis. The usual places of appearance are the face, neck, chest and others. Does not happen on soles and palms. The development of this form of the disease occurs slowly, in most cases becoming chronic. Seborrheic keratosis does not degenerate into malignancy. But a cancerous tumor can masquerade as keratosis. At rapid growth, bleeding and inflammation of the affected area, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible. (Pro seborrheic keratosis we have an article).

actinic keratosis
Occurs on open areas of the body. At first, the keratoma has the appearance of uneven skin, rough. Gradually develops into a scaly, scaly, indurated patch that can range in color from skin tone to brownish. Formations can rise above the skin in the form of growths. The skin of the neck, face, chest is mainly exposed to keratinization. Actinic keratosis tends to transform into malignant tumors. That's why Regular follow-up with a dermatologist is essential.

Treatment of the disease

Keratosis therapy should be carried out by a dermatologist. The first appearance of keratomas should be the reason for a visit to a specialist. It is important to exclude their malignant nature. Treatment of the disease is long, includes a complex of therapeutic measures.

Conservative therapy

aim drug treatment is to reduce the number of keratotic elements prior to use radical methods removal. Therapeutic agents relieve the course of keratosis, reduce symptoms, but do not cure completely.

To soften keratonic areas, applications of preparations with different urea content (12-30%) are used:

• Ureaderm;
• Ureatop;
• Keratosan;
• Akerat.

Preparations for the therapeutic treatment of keratoses:

• Efudex cream;
• Fluorouracil;
• Imiquimod (Aldara);
• Diclofenac gel 3%.

For keratosis of the scalp, special shampoos have been developed. Aggressive detergents not suitable for her.

For oral administration, retinoids are prescribed to slow down the growth of formations, vitamins A, B, C. Additionally, courses of physiotherapy are carried out.

Folk remedies and recipes

To alleviate the symptoms of the disease, you can use folk remedies.

• To freeze agave leaves for 3 days. Take it out of the refrigerator and lay it on the affected area overnight. After removing the compress, treat the keratoma with salicylic alcohol. The course of treatment is 3 weeks.
• Apply to the affected area grated raw potatoes. Top with a clean cloth and polyethylene. After 40 minutes, remove the bandage, rinse the remains of the potato with water.
• Take 2 spoons dried celandine leaves and pour 250 ml of boiling water. Infuse for several hours. The tool can wipe the skin or make lotions.
• Pour 1 spoon onion peel a spoonful of vinegar. Insist 2 weeks in a dark place. Strain and make a 30-minute lotion. It is important to avoid getting acid on healthy areas of the skin so as not to cause a burn.

Attention! Before using folk remedies, a consultation with a dermatologist is required.

Radical Methods

Since conservative therapy does not guarantee a cure for keratosis, in many cases it is necessary to resort to drastic measures - the removal of formations. Especially if there is a risk of degeneration into cancer.

• Cryodestruction - freezing with liquid nitrogen.
• Radio wave removal - excision of the formation with a radio knife under the influence of radio waves.
• Electrocoagulation - cauterization by electric current of high frequency.
• Laser destruction - the use of a point effect on the keratoma of a carbon dioxide laser.
• Photodynamic therapy is the application of methyl aminolevulinate to the affected area, followed by exposure to a light wave of a given length, leading to tissue necrosis.
• Surgical removal - cleaning the surface of the skin with a curette (a special surgical instrument).
• Dermabrasion - removal using an abrasive brush.

Diet for sickness

To improve the condition of the skin with keratosis, you must follow a diet. The products consumed must necessarily contain vitamins A, E, B, ascorbic acid: greens, vegetables, cereals, oily fish.

Include cold-pressed vegetable oils in your diet:

• sea ​​buckthorn;
• pine nuts;
• walnut;
• amaranth.

Daily use of oils can nourish the body with polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, which promote cell regeneration and are a good prevention of keratosis.

Exclude from the diet rich, flour products, fried and fatty (based on animal fats) dishes.

Forecast and prevention

The sooner treatment is started, the better the prognosis of the disease. But if you do not follow certain recommendations, relapses are possible.

Prevention measures:

• Complete nutrition necessary to obtain the "building" elements of the skin.
• Use of moisturizers (especially for dry skin).
• Limit exposure to the sun so as not to injure the skin with excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
• Use sunscreen with a high SPF.
• While working with chemicals protect the skin from exposure.

Keratosis is a skin condition that requires constant monitoring. In addition to an aesthetic defect, in certain cases, formations can degenerate into malignant ones. In order not to miss this process, it is necessary to regularly examine and monitor the nature of changes in the skin.

From the following video you can learn all about keratomas on the skin:

Scientific research, in the field of studying the etiopathogenesis of various forms of the appearance of skin keratosis, has been carried out earlier and is still being carried out, but it is not possible to establish the true cause. In this regard, there is no clear medical classification of skin keratosis, and under this disease, they mean various manifestations of hyperkeratosis - thickening of the stratum corneum various shapes and localization.

The mechanism of development of diseases of the epidermis

Under the influence of various factors of the internal and external environment, an increased division of the cells of the stratum corneum occurs in the skin, areas with excess skin of various shapes, sizes and localizations are formed, which differ from healthy skin in the color and thickness of the epidermis.

Clinical manifestations of skin keratosis

Skin keratosis can be congenital or acquired. Among the acquired forms are found:

• keratosis of the skin with a number infectious diseases(leprosy, syphilis, gonorrhea, tuberculosis)
• keratosis of the skin in violation of the function of the endocrine and nervous system ( menopause in women, xeroderma of the palms and soles)
• skin keratosis in some malignant neoplasms of internal organs, in the form of paraoncological keratosis of the palms and soles
• skin keratosis associated with professional activity from the action of physical, chemical, radioactive substances (damage to the hands of radiologists by X-rays; horny growths on the skin of the hands of asphalt-producing enterprises from the action of resins, oils, oil, tar; skin horn and epithelioma in chimney sweeps)
• keratosis of the skin from mechanical impact (corns on the hands, on the soles of shoes)
• skin keratosis caused by a lack of fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, B and C) in the form of lesions of the entire skin, especially on the extensor surface of the limbs
• senile keratosis of the skin, in the form of keratosis of the skin of the face, with localization on the skin of the nose, cheeks, keratosis of the scalp on the forehead and temples, scalp like seborrheic keratosis, and are pigmented areas of the skin with oily spots and a flaky surface, yellowish-brown in color, tightly soldered to the underlying tissues.

Congenital, or hereditary keratosis of the skin occurs in the form of:

• skin surface ichthyosis
• follicular keratosis (hair lichen, Kirle's disease, etc.)
• keratoderma
• Mibelli's porokeratosis

According to how and where the areas of hyperkeratosis are located, they distinguish:

• universal skin keratosis (ichthyosis, ichthyosiform erythroderma, etc.)
• focal (keratoderma, Mibelli porokeratosis)

Pityriasis pilaris, also known as follicular keratosis, the treatment of which is possible local and general, is a disease of childhood and adolescence, when small, very dense and sharp nodules of the epidermal layer appear on the skin where the hair grows, above the site of hair growth, creating an obstacle to the vertical growth. Due to this hyperkeratosis, the hair grows under the knot, but twists into a spiral. The disease proceeds chronically, periods of exacerbations are observed in the cold seasons.

Kirle disease - warty-like keratosis of the skin looks like a plaque at the mouth of hair growth, grayish in color on the limbs of a person, which can merge with other primary elements, forming a semblance of a wart.

Hereditary skin keratoses also include diseases with localization of isolated areas of hyperkeratosis on the palms and plantar surfaces of the feet. They are symmetrical areas of thickened skin, due to the stratum corneum, with cracks and pain.

Keratosis of the skin of the face - in combination with lesions of the skin of the trunk, extremities - in the form of cone-like nodules of a grayish-white color, with a dense mass of horny cells in the center, gradually forms a spot with a retraction in the center and a roller of hyperkeratosis rising above the skin along the periphery.

Congenital polykeratosis accompanies many other diseases of the nervous and skeletal systems, manifests itself in various syndromes of damage to nails, hair, and teeth.

Seborrheic keratosis is not always treatable, it refers to senile keratoses, with the risk of degeneration into skin cancer. This is an overgrowth of the stratum corneum in the form of plaques, the size of a five-kopeck coin, the surface is uneven and oily, covered with horny layers, brown and whitish in color. The reason for the appearance of such spots is an age-related violation of the processes of keratinization of the epidermis and dysfunction of the secretory ability. sebaceous glands skin. Senile keratosis is localized on the face, head, back, arms. Horny scales in the lesions are tightly connected to the underlying skin. This keratosis refers to pre-oncopathology of the skin, and in case of suspicion of degeneration into cancer, it is subject to active surgical treatment. Prevention of malignancy senile keratosis- protection from the action of sunlight and prevention of injury to areas affected by the disease.

Treatment of skin keratosis

Treatment of all kinds of manifestations of hyperkeratosis is prescribed by a doctor, self-medication is fraught with a danger to the health of the patient, especially in cases with preoncopathology. Local treatment - application dosage forms for external use, for the purpose of:

• normalization of keratinization processes, ensuring the restoration of the normal structure of the epidermis and dermis
• antiseptic and antimicrobial action
• symptomatic action (antipruritic)

Keratoplastic agents include natural ones that can be used to treat folk remedies- ointments based on tar, ichthyol, naftalan. Weak solutions of sulfur, salicylic acid, resorcinol have these functions.

Keratolytic agents - drugs, sulfur, salicylic acid, resorcinol. For local treatment of hyperkeratosis, soda baths, with starch, ointments that soften the skin and exfoliate roughened areas are widely recommended. If necessary, use cryotherapy, diathermocoagulation, laser therapy, cytostatics in ointment forms.

Treatment is prescribed to each patient individually, taking into account tolerability, sensitivity and effectiveness. Restorative treatment is prescribed in all cases of skin diseases, because most of them are associated with a violation of the functional activity of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, weakening of the protective functions of the body. Preparations of milk thistle, echinacea purpurea flowers, stems and roots, and many others that can be used for treatment with folk remedies have proven themselves well.

Skin keratosis: types, causes and methods of treatment

Such a skin disease as keratosis, unfortunately, is not uncommon these days. About what this disease is and how to deal with it, we talked with Oksana Viktorovna.

- What is keratosis?

Let's start with the fact that skin keratosis is a collective term, which is understood as a whole group of non-inflammatory diseases associated with a violation of skin keratinization. Clinically, the process can manifest itself as a slight peeling, and the formation of thickened horny layers. There are follicular, seborrheic, actinic keratoses.

Follicular keratosis is characterized by the formation of horny plugs at the mouths of hair follicles.

Seborrheic keratosis is plaque-like or nodular formations with a warty surface, covered with dry horny masses of flesh, brown or black in people over 50 years of age.

Actinic keratosis appears on exposed areas of the skin and initially looks like bumps, roughness of the skin, which eventually transforms into rough, scaly patches that range in color from normal skin tone to reddish brown. They are often limited and vary in size.

What are the causes of acquired keratoses?

The main cause of almost all keratoses is called chronic exposure to ultraviolet rays. In the literature, all changes associated with sun exposure are often grouped under the term dermatoheliosis. So, the damaging effect can affect the epidermis (senile, actinic keratosis), dermis (solar elastosis), blood vessels (telangiectasias), sebaceous glands (porokeratosis) and melanocytes (dyschromia).

The effects of sun damage to the skin gradually accumulate as the total amount of time spent under UV exposure increases from year to year. This leads to the fact that the peak incidence of this nosology falls on the age of 50 years and older.

The incidence is slightly higher in men because they tend to use little to no sun protection. Clinical studies have estimated that about 60 percent of predisposed individuals by the age of forty have at least one element of actinic keratosis. Some experts believe that almost everyone over the age of 80 suffers from some form of keratosis.

In addition, individuals whose immune defenses have been weakened by chemotherapy, extensive exposure to X-rays or a number of industrial chemicals, AIDS patients, organ transplant patients, patients with disorders of the nervous and endocrine systems, and the like. less able to deal with the effects of radiation and therefore more likely to develop keratoses.

- What are the symptoms of this disease? In what areas do they appear most often?

The onset of the disease, as a rule, the patient can miss and not pay attention to small irregularities, roughness, sometimes invisible to the eye, on the skin of the cheeks, bridge of the nose, ears, forearms, upper arms and forearms, back of the hands, back of the neck, upper chest, even on the scalp. Moreover, actinic keratosis can also develop in closed areas of the body that have been exposed to sunlight more than once.

Developed actinic keratosis is represented by neoplasms from 0.1 cm to 2 cm or more. Over time, the spots become red or brownish in color and peel off, may rise above the skin in the form of growths. Most often we see such patients at the reception in the clinic. Actinic keratosis develops, as a rule, very slowly and usually does not cause any inconvenience, except for aesthetic ones. Itching or burning in the affected area usually occurs in places of long-term and pronounced keratinization. Most often, elements of skin keratosis develop slowly, but can disappear and reappear with repeated exposures that damage the skin. They can become inflamed and, in rare cases, even bleed.

- How common is this skin keratosis?

Seborrheic (not caused by sun exposure and not a precancerous disease) and actinic (solar, senile, precancerous) keratoses are among the most common types of benign skin tumors. But, mainly, as we mentioned, in people of the older age group. More often these are multiple neoplasms than single ones.

- Is it possible to treat skin keratosis with the help of cosmetics, medical cosmetics? How do they work? Do cosmetic procedures help cure keratosis? If yes, which ones?

Some patients with actinic keratosis go to the clinic for cosmetic purposes, some - to alleviate the accompanying symptoms of itching, burning, infection, injury. Experts, in the first place, believe that the need for treatment of keratoses is primarily to prevent the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment can be therapeutic or destructive.

The purpose of the therapeutic effect is to reduce the number of elements of keratosis before the use of destructive methods of treatment.

Usually, to soften and exfoliate keratotic areas, applications of keratolytic agents containing a different percentage of urea (12-30%) (ureatop, keratosan, ureaderm, akerat), vitamins A and E, preparations based on alpha-, hydroxy-, salicylic lactic acids are used. .

To date, several topical drugs and formulations are available for the therapeutic treatment of keratoses, these are:

• fluorouracil (cream 5% (Efudex), 1% (Fluoroplex) and 0.5% (Carac). It is the recognized standard of care for keratoses. Used twice a day for two to four weeks
• imiquimod (aldara). Applied once a day, two or three days a week, for 16 weeks
• diclofenac 3% gel

- Are there any new developments in this direction on the world market?

Well, for example, from 1998 to the present, the Australian biopharmaceutical company Peplin has been studying the topical treatment of actinic keratosis with the drug Ingenol Mebutate, which is the first in a new class of formulations and is derived from milkweed juice. This ingredient has a long history of traditional use for a variety of skin conditions, including the topical treatment of skin cancer and precancerous skin lesions. The company is going to move into the third phase of the test in the near future.

- And what are the destructive (ablative) methods?

All neoplasms on the skin must be examined by a dermatologist before removal due to the risk of skin cancer. Timely treatment will help avoid the development of basal cell skin cancer (BCC) or squamous cell skin cancer (SCC).

1. Liquid nitrogen cryosurgery is the most common treatment for keratoses, but is not suitable for hyperkeratotic lesions. Liquid nitrogen is sprayed directly onto the affected areas of the skin using a cryodestructor or applied using the “reed” method (application with a cotton swab on a wooden stick).

Cryosurgery is easily performed on an outpatient basis, shows excellent cosmetic results and is well tolerated.

2. Radio wave, electro- and diathermo - laser destruction.

3. Photodynamic therapy

Photodynamic therapy involves the application of a photosensitizing agent, methyl aminolevulinate, and then exposure to light of a certain wavelength, which leads to tissue necrosis. Photodynamic therapy is well tolerated with excellent cosmetic results.

4. Surgical removal. The surface of the skin is cleaned with a special tool (curette).

• Jessner's solution (resorcinol, lactic and salicylic acids in ethanol)
• trichloroacetic acid solution 35%

6. Dermabrasion. Affected skin areas are removed with a fast-moving abrasive brush

7. Phototherapy (IPL) and fractional photothermolysis - coagulation of keratosis elements using light energy. Suitable for the initial manifestations of actinic keratosis.

- Is it possible to use exfoliating agents, scrubs for keratosis, do peeling on the affected areas of the skin? What cosmetic procedures are contraindicated/indicated for keratosis? How dangerous is self-treatment of skin keratosis?

Be careful! After all, it is impossible to determine “by eye” from which plaques skin cancer can develop. Only a doctor can prescribe the appropriate treatment in your case. Carrying out uncontrolled intervention at home (peeling, scrubbing or removing keratosis on your own), you can provoke inflammation, bleeding or infection.

It must be remembered that, despite the fact that not all keratomas can turn into cancer, unfortunately, there is no way to identify in advance from the multitude those single ones that may be precursors of squamous cell carcinoma.

Recent molecular studies show a close relationship between keratoses and the development of squamous cell carcinoma. Thus, senile or actinic keratosis may be the first step leading to the development of squamous cell carcinoma. Although the vast majority of keratoses remain benign, some studies show that up to ten percent can progress to squamous cell carcinoma. This percentage doesn't sound high or intimidating, but it has a big impact when it comes to squamous cell cancer. According to studies by foreign authors, about a percent of untreated skin keratosis can transform into RCC. Between 2 and 10 percent of squamous cell carcinomas spread to internal organs and are life-threatening.

It is very important to remember that the more elements of keratosis you have, the greater the chance that one or more can turn into skin cancer.

A hundred years ago, it was considered vulgar to have dark skin. The skin was covered from the sun with the help of umbrellas, gloves, hats were worn to prevent sunlight from reaching the skin. The only people who were exposed to the sun were manual laborers.

In the late 1940s, society decided that tanned skin was synonymous with healthy skin. A healthy, and therefore tanned, appearance was considered socially desirable. Fortunately, it is no longer fashionable to have dark skin and be known as a “tan victim”. Nevertheless, we cannot completely protect ourselves from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation, but it is quite possible to protect ourselves. Here are some habits that really work:

• Avoid sunbathing, especially between 10 am and 4 pm.
• Avoid sunburn.
• Use sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher every day 30 minutes before going outside. Reapply every two hours or immediately after swimming or excessive sweating.
• Protect exposed skin with a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses.
• Do not expose newborns to the sun. Sunscreens should be used for children over the age of six months.
• Examine your skin from head to toe every month.

- When do you need to see a doctor?

You need to see a doctor:

• If the neoplasm has increased in a short period of time (weeks or months).
• In case of injury or inflammation of the neoplasm.
• If you notice suspicious changes on the skin that bleed and do not heal for a long time.
• If there is severe itching, soreness in the area of ​​actinic keratosis, the color of the formation has changed.

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    What is skin keratosis and how is it treated?

    What is keratosis and dyskeratosis? it medical terms, including a group of various diseases of a non-inflammatory nature. All diseases from the keratosis group are accompanied by keratinization skin. Treatment of skin keratosis depends on the type of disease.

    Types of keratosis

    This group of diseases can be divided according to the features of localization and degree into the following types:

    • localized keratinization (including keratosis on the face);
    • diffuse keratinization.

    Also, diseases can be divided into several types, depending on the nature of the origin:

    The general picture of all diseases united in the group of keratoses is expressed first in peeling, gradually turning into keratinization of the skin and its thickening.

    To start proper treatment, it is necessary to find out which dyskeratosis affected the patient:

    The enumerated types differ not in etymology and external form, but rather sharply differ from each other.

    Dyskeratosis

    This is a genetic disorder of keratinization processes that develops in childhood or adolescence. Presumably, the disease is caused by vitamin A deficiency and defects in the intercellular substance. Symptoms of dyskeratosis: the formation of follicular papules, which at first do not differ in color from healthy tissues, but gradually acquire a grayish-brown hue. Without treatment, small lesions coalesce into large vegetative lesions. The disease affects the skin of the face, head, elbows. In rare cases, dyskeratosis extends to the internal organs.

    Seborrheic keratosis: what is it

    This is the most common type of keratosis and usually affects people over 30 years of age, the risk of developing this type of keratosis increases after 40 years of age. In this case, small neoplasms appear on the patient's body. Tumors are not contagious, not oncological or inflammatory in nature, but over time they can grow and cause inconvenience.

    Possible causes of the disease:

    Note. Feature of the disease: the appearance of hyperpigmented spots with clear contours. Skin thickening resembles a wart or plaque with a dark crust of keratinized skin.

    Plaques of a light shade or almost black color can appear in any area of ​​the body. The greatest inconvenience brings keratosis of the skin of the face, as the plaques embarrass women and interfere with men's shaving. In addition, when pressed or rubbed, the formations may bleed or respond with pain. Plaques can be removed with a laser in a beauty parlor or clinic. In this case, the keratoma is directed laser ray, which evaporates and destroys the compacted skin area. It is also possible to use methods of radiosurgery.

    Follicular keratosis

    This species is also called hair. In this case, there is a violation of the process of natural separation of the stratum corneum of the skin. In addition, the process of keratinization is accelerated in the upper layer of the skin, and skin particles cannot be separated in a timely manner. As a result, the hair follicles begin to clog, and the process of sebum production is disrupted, which causes inflammation. This type of keratosis can provoke the onset of another disease - folliculitis.

    As a result, grayish or red dots or small nodules appear on the skin, more like permanent goose bumps. Presumably, the disease is hereditary, but exacerbation of follicular keratosis can be caused by:

    • stay in the cold;
    • deficiency of vitamins D, A, C;
    • stress and nervous tension;
    • wearing tight clothing or synthetic fabrics;
    • use of oral contraceptives;
    • the use of hormonal drugs.

    How to get rid of this problem? Help fight follicular keratosis cosmetic procedures: natural scrubs and the use of a hard sponge during washing, which soften and remove dead skin particles. It is also desirable to carry out massage in areas affected by keratinization.

    actinic keratosis

    This type is also called solar keratosis. This type of disease is formed on skin areas that have previously suffered from exposure to sunlight.

    The disease is often referred to as a precancerous condition, since a definite connection has been found between this skin condition and an increased risk of oncological processes in the body. However, you need to understand that keratosis is benign in nature, therefore, it requires only observation by a doctor. In addition, the course of actinic keratosis is extremely difficult to predict, and it is not uncommon for the disease to go away without treatment.

    Factors that increase the risk of actinic keratoses:

    • light sensitive skin;
    • abuse of the solarium and sunbathing;
    • decreased immunity;
    • violation of pigmentation;
    • HIV infection;
    • frequent burns due to exposure to UV rays.

    Note. To protect against this type of keratosis, it is advisable to avoid sun exposure and other long-term direct contact. sunlight with skin. It is also necessary to use sunscreen, as well as moisturizers and cleansers, because without this, the skin becomes keratinized much faster.

    How is solar keratosis treated? In this case, the best and safest solution is to remove the affected skin area. The operation can be performed using a laser, cryotherapy, chemical peeling. The method of removal should be chosen by the patient, but only after consultation with a specialist. In some cases, patients want to refuse surgery, in this situation, conservative treatment using ointments is used.

    As a rule, chemotherapeutic agents are prescribed - creams and ointments with fluorouracil. These drugs destroy the affected skin cells. Also, on the initial stage of the disease, it is permissible to use the Imiquimod cream, which stimulates the protective functions of the skin. During conservative treatment, keratinized skin softens and is rejected by the body.

    Palmar and plantar keratosis

    The disease can manifest itself in different ways: heel cracks, blisters, neoplasms. In addition, the skin is prone to rapid keratinization.

    Causes of this disease:

    In most cases, keratosis on the palms and soles can be managed by treating the primary disease.

    However, the cause of the disease may lie in chemical, traumatic or mechanical influences. In this case, it is necessary to abandon shoes that are uncomfortable or made of artificial materials, as well as other dangerous factors.

    How to treat the disease? Use emollient creams, regularly carry out salt or soda baths. To remove keratinized areas of the skin, it is advisable to sign up for a pedicure salon, where you can additionally order services for the restoration and moisturizing of tissues.

    Senile keratosis

    This type of keratosis is caused by the degeneration of skin tissues and the natural aging of the body. The manifestation of the disease is expressed in the keratinization of the skin, the appearance of warts and spots. Skin changes can be localized on the face, back, arms and shoulders, but mainly appear in the upper torso. This condition is not harmful to health and cannot degenerate into an oncological tumor.

    Advice. To slow down the process of keratinization and discoloration of the skin in the affected areas, taking vitamins helps, as well as the use of lightening agents on a natural basis.

    Treatment of keratosis

    It is possible to fight keratoses only after establishing a diagnosis and studying the general picture of the patient's health.

    Diagnosis may require:

    Intensity medical therapy depends on the severity of symptoms, the presence of other chronic diseases.

    Treatment may include a diet that includes foods high in minerals and vitamins. This, including soups and vegetable dishes, cereals, vegetable oils, seafood.

    Medical treatment is often not necessary. Usually it is limited to vitamin-mineral complexes or taking vitamins A, D, C. In addition, the attending physician may consider it necessary to prescribe a treatment course aimed at overall strengthening of the immune system.

    May require the appointment of ointments, creams, sprays and other external preparations. Means are assigned taking into account the degree and type of disease. It is appropriate to use a moisturizer with sodium chlorite and vitamin A, as well as sulfur-salicylic and salicylic ointment.

    Note. Surgical intervention is required at the insistence of the patient, usually these are minimally invasive effects: laser, cyber or radioknife, cryotherapy and other sparing methods. Removal of affected areas with a surgical scalpel is not practiced, as it brings suffering to the patient.

    Although the manifestation different types keratosis varies greatly, there is general rules to be followed in case of illness.

    First of all, you need to avoid exposure to sunlight: do not sunbathe, wear thin clothes with long sleeves on sunny days. You should also use sunscreen. From visiting the solarium must be completely abandoned. Don't risk your face: wear caps or hats that protect against UV rays.

    It is now unacceptable to scratch the affected areas or allow other mechanical damage. From everyday life, all coarse fabrics, as well as uncomfortable shoes and any other wardrobe items that can irritate areas of the skin affected by keratosis, should be excluded.

    Prevention and treatment of keratosis includes obligatory observance of the rules of personal hygiene. In particular, daily bathing is necessary. To eliminate unpleasant symptoms, you can use herbal decoctions, natural shower gels with the addition of essential or vegetable oils.

    In addition, spa and balneotherapy procedures can alleviate the condition: salt and soda baths, mud therapy, seaweed wraps. These therapeutic procedures contribute to the softening and removal of keratinized tissues, and also reduce the risk of new formations. But these procedures are selected individually and are carried out together with the main treatment.

    Skin keratosis

    Skin diseases are common these days. This is due to unfavorable ecology, malnutrition, stress and chronic diseases. One of these diseases is keratosis.

    What is keratosis

    Keratosis is a concept that has absorbed a whole group of skin diseases that are non-inflammatory in nature, and it is associated primarily with keratinization of the skin. Simply put, it is dermatosis, in which there is a strong compaction in the epidermis of the stratum corneum.

    If we divide this group of diseases according to the degree and features of localization, then we can divide keratosis into the following types:

    According to the nature of origin, it is also divided into types:

    • hereditary or congenital;
    • acquired or essential;
    • symptomatic.

    Classification

    The clinic of the disease is expressed first in a slight peeling of the skin, then horny layers begin to form, followed by thickening. Among the main types of classification of keratosis, there are three:

    Now let's dwell on each of the species separately, since both in their appearance and in the nature of the etiology, they differ quite sharply from each other.

    Follicular keratosis

    Follicular or hairy appearance, these are violations of the process in which the desquamation of the stratum corneum of the epidermis occurs. In the upper layer, the keratinization of skin flakes accelerates, their timely separation does not occur, and the hair follicle begins to clog. Normal sebum secretion is disturbed, and local inflammatory process. This type can lead to the occurrence of folliculitis. The result is a small red and grayish nodules. This phenomenon is popularly called "goosebumps".

    The causes of follicular keratosis are not fully understood. There is a tendency as a result of heredity. It starts to show up in the very early age. The causative factors of exacerbation include:

    • cold weather;
    • deficiency in the body of vitamins A, C, D;
    • the use of hormonal and contraceptives;
    • nervous tension and stressful situations.

    actinic keratosis

    Actinic or solar keratosis. This type of disease is formed on those areas of the skin where there were previously damaged areas under the influence of sunlight. This is a precancerous skin disease and it is most often caused in people who tend to spend a lot of time outdoors. The risk group for this type of keratosis is mainly the elderly.

    This species is benign in nature, but can sometimes transform into squamous cell carcinoma. This is especially risky in cases where a person has many areas on the skin that develop actinic keratosis. The prognosis of the disease is quite difficult to predict, there are cases of self-disappearance of the disease, but the risk of cancerous consequences cannot be ruled out. For whom is this species most dangerous:

    • for fair skinned people
    • with sunburn
    • those who have reduced immunity, HIV-infected,
    • with pigmentation disorders,
    • rarely genetic predisposition.

    seborrheic keratosis

    This type is the most common. These are small tumors in the form of neoplasms, they are not contagious and develop most often in older people, regardless of gender. With age-related changes, seborrheic keratosis can gradually increase. This species does not require any special treatment. Possible reasons his appearances can become:

    • sun exposure,
    • papillomavirus,
    • factor of hereditary predisposition,
    • gradual aging of the skin.

    The tumor is a spot of hyperpigmented properties with clearly defined boundaries, resembling its appearance brown plaque or wart with crusts of keratinized skin. Neoplasms are observed both in the singular and in the plural. May occur in any part of the body. The hue can vary and be from light to almost black, with strong pressure or rubbing it can bleed.

    Palmar and plantar keratoderma

    Keratosis of the palmar-plantar type can manifest itself in different ways. These are painful deep heel cracks, neoplasms, blisters and keratinization. There can be several reasons for this disease: infectious diseases, a severe form of influenza, angina, tuberculosis, venereal diseases, leprosy and many others. If a person has cured a disease, then this species keratosis may disappear.

    If the reason lies in mechanical or traumatic injuries, then you should think about comfortable shoes, or other irritants with outside. It is also worth contacting a pedicure parlor so that they can help you get rid of dense keratinized areas of the legs.

    Senile keratosis

    This phenomenon is associated with the regeneration of the skin due to age. Its manifestation is carried out in the form of warts, spots, which can be localized on the face, shoulders, back, arms and other places, mainly in the upper body. Such manifestations do not threaten life and health and never degenerate into malignant tumors.

    Treatment of keratosis

    In order to start right and effective treatment this disease First of all, you need to contact a specialist. A dermatologist deals with these problems. After examination and testing, the cause of the disease is established and an accurate diagnosis is made. With severe symptoms, external manifestations, inconvenience and discomfort, therapeutic therapy is prescribed.

    Diet. This is very important point during the treatment of keratosis. It should be compiled taking into account the inclusion of products with a high content of vitamin and mineral components. These are vegetable dishes, greens, various cereals, side dishes, seafood and fish, vegetable oils. An exception to the usual diet should be fried foods, spicy foods, marinades and pickles, tori and muffins, foods with a lot of fat, smoked meats and carbonated drinks.

    Concerning drug therapy, it is not necessary in most cases. The doctor may prescribe a complex of vitamins, such as "Aevit" or ascorbic acid.

    Application medical preparations local appointment in the form of ointments, creams, sprays, is prescribed taking into account the type of disease and the degree of skin damage. Here are relevant soft remedies, which have a moisturizing effect, which are based on sodium chlorite, vitamin A. good medicine in this case, salicylic and sulfuric salicylic ointments are used.

    If keratosis occurs, increased care and attention to the affected areas is necessary.

    • Direct sunlight should be avoided.
    • You can not scratch, rub and resort to other mechanical methods of influence, and you should also remove coarse fabrics and uncomfortable shoes from clothes and everyday life in order to protect the sore spots from contact with them in every possible way.
    • Personal hygiene is an important condition for keratosis. Taking a shower, a bath, should become a daily ritual.

    The attending physician has the right to resort to the appointment of other methods of treatment, such as ultraviolet irradiation, mud, soda or salt and phyto treatment. But such programs are selected strictly individually.

    Methods for removing keratoses

    There are several ways to remove foci of the disease:

    • dermabrasion, resurfacing of the stratum corneum with a special apparatus.
    • Cryotherapy, freezing, in which dead cells of the epidermis are affected by liquid nitrogen.
    • Chemical removal occurs through exposure to the stratum corneum with acids and other chemical compounds.
    • laser removal.
    • The use of a radio knife.

    Treatment at home

    As folk methods various compresses, lotions and decoctions are used to get rid of the disease. For the preparation of medicinal products, herbs and fees with healing effect. Among them, chamomile, burdock, aloe, onion peel, raw potatoes and others are especially popular. Soda compresses help well, and the use of tar soap also contributes to a successful recovery.

    Treatment of keratosis should have an integrated approach, taking into account all possible ways cure. Sometimes the healing process takes a long time.

    • The main and main task in eliminating the disease is softening and dissolving the thickness of tumors and neoplasms.
    • The use of a pedicure, especially with palmoplantar keratosis, is simply irreplaceable. For children with the manifestation of the disease, you must strictly adhere to the diet, monitor the cleanliness of the body and replenish the body with a vitamin reserve.
    • All age groups should strengthen the immune system and avoid hypothermia and overheating of the skin.

    With the right lifestyle, giving up bad habits, keeping the epidermis clean, and a positive outlook on life, keratosis will not have a chance of success, and your skin will always be healthy.

    Video about keratosis and how to treat it.

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Facial keratosis is a skin disease that occurs and sometimes disappears spontaneously, without surgery or medication. There are a large number of types of pathology, each of which has its own symptoms. Treatment of this disease is carried out with the help of nitrogen, a scalpel, the use of ointments and folk remedies that can be used at home. The prognosis of the disease is favorable.

Keratosis: description of the disease

Keratosis is a skin disease. The disease occurs mainly in old age (in persons over 40 years old, and the peak of the disease occurs at 55-65 years). Sometimes this pathology appears both in adults and in children. A feature of skin keratosis is that it can disappear on its own without treatment.

There are many reasons for the development of this pathology. In most cases, keratosis is formed against the background of age-related changes cells. The skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, resulting in keratinization of the epidermis.

Another reason for the appearance of this disease is a decrease in immunity. Keratinization of the skin occurs due to heredity - the disease is transmitted through the male line. The risk group includes men and women:

• with dry skin type;
• with a tendency to form moles, freckles and age spots;
• with pathologies of metabolism (metabolism);
• with a lack of vitamin A;
• with disruptions in the production of hormones;
• at long-term use antibiotics;
• when exposed to the skin of chemical acids and poisonous plant juices.

Main clinical manifestations and types

There are a large number of types of keratomas, each of which differs in the mechanism of appearance and symptoms:

Features of the disease in childhood

The most common form of keratosis in children is follicular. It is observed in 50-70% of cases. The peculiarity of this disease in childhood is that it passes after puberty on its own.

This disorder is characterized by the appearance of nodules having a diameter of several millimeters. To the touch they are dense and rough. During remission, they do not cause discomfort, and during exacerbation, the rash becomes red, sometimes itching occurs. There is dryness of the skin. The nodules appear symmetrically on both limbs.

Treatment

Treatment of this disease is carried out in several ways - depending on the form of the disease:

Laser removal of keratosis is as follows. Before performing the procedure, the skin should be treated with an anesthetic cream, which allows to reduce pain at the patient. After 10 minutes, the surgeon directs a laser beam at the formation, which vaporizes the tissue to the required depth.

Healthy skin is not damaged. After removing the keratosis, it is necessary to process it and solder the vessels. A wound is observed at the site of the operation, which heals within a week.

Removal of keratosis with liquid nitrogen is the most common treatment. The operation takes several minutes. It consists in the following: the surgeon wets the applicator, which is located at the end of a wooden stick, in liquid nitrogen and applies it to the lesion for a couple of seconds. After the appearance of redness on the skin, the operation is considered completed.

Treatment of keratosis with the help of electrocoagulation consists in cauterization of the formation with an electric current. After the manipulation, a crust forms on the patient's skin, under which healing takes place. After 1.5 weeks, it disappears, and the skin acquires its natural color.

Removal with a scalpel consists in cutting out the affected area. Radio wave exposure is performed by means of a radio knife with radiation. In this case, there is no damage to surrounding tissues and scars are not formed, as with surgical intervention.

Therapy with folk remedies

In addition to conservative therapy, treatment with folk remedies at home is actively used. You can use lotions from the plates of aloe leaves at night, and in the morning wipe the affected area with alcohol. It is also recommended to apply propolis for 2 weeks or an onion peel remedy with vinegar.

If the neoplasms are safe and do not bleed, then lotions can be made from castor oil or garlic with honey, use raw potato gruel. Treatment of the senile form of the disease at home is ineffective, but it can soften the crusts and reduce the size of the spots. This can be done with a compress of vegetable oils, rubbing with an infusion of walnut fruits or a mixture of celandine leaves and pork fat. The only way to remove a skin horn is through surgery.