As previously called tablets containing nicotinic acid. Nicotinic acid in tablets for hair growth: how to use it correctly

Vitamin B 3 (niacin, nicotinamide) - the only one that has been officially assigned the status of a drug, is a powerful antioxidant and is involved in all metabolic processes human body.

Description

Structural formula nicotinic acid

It has two active forms, closely related and sometimes replacing each other, and several names. B 3 - since it was discovered by the third in the family of the B-complex. PP - "against pellagra" - by the name of the disease that develops due to its deficiency. Niacin- by the name of provitamin. Nicotinamide- by the name of its amide. B 3 and PP are now considered obsolete names.

The organic substance is a white soluble powder. Its stability is high in acidic, alkaline environment, autoclave (hot steam under pressure), ultraviolet rays. It tolerates storage in frozen, canned, dried form. Excess consumption of sweets, sugar destroys it.

The intestinal flora of the human body is able to synthesize niacin from tryptophan.

Of all the vitamins, only his medicinal properties evaluated by the medical community, and the drug officially recognized as a drug.

IMPORTANT! For a mild soothing effect on the central nervous system Doctors called niacin the "calm vitamin".

Differences between nicotinic acid and nicotinamide

Both forms of the substance are able to satisfy the body's need for this biologically active substance, but they have different therapeutic effects.

Nicotinic acid (niacin) dilates blood vessels, is used for diseases of the heart - vascular system. Entry into the bloodstream is accompanied by a surge of heat waves, a feeling of slight pinpoint burning, redness of the head and neck. Contains herbal products.

What is the difference between niacin and nicotinamide?

Niacin is actually nicotinic acid, the main form of the substance.

Nicotinamide is its amide, the second form of the same substance.

They have identical vitamin activity. However, nicotinamide does not have the ability of niacin to modify lipids, lower cholesterol and dilate blood vessels. They are considered separately in the case when they are used as two different medicines in order to use their various pharmacological properties.

Why does the body need vitamin PP?

Vitamin B3 is needed by the body for the following reasons:

• Directly involved in redox processes, a participant in cellular respiration. It is characterized by a pronounced antioxidant effect.
• Involved in everyone metabolic processes, contributes to the production of intracellular energy.
• Provides health skin, mucous membranes, eliminates bad breath from the mouth.
• Expands large blood vessels, lowering blood pressure. Increases the lumen of capillaries, providing good nutrition to all cells of the body. It inhibits the formation of "bad" and increases the proportion of "good" cholesterol, reduces the amount of lipoproteins, triglycerides. Prevents the formation of blood clots, reducing blood viscosity. In general, niacin resists atherosclerotic vascular changes.
• Increases cerebral blood flow, sharpens attention, memory. Has a mild sedative effect.
• Significantly increases production gastric juice.
• Parenteral (intravenous) administration of the vitamin stimulates the work of the adrenal glands. As a result, the production of glucocorticoids increases, which have the ability to suppress local inflammatory and allergic reactions.

When planning a pregnancy

During pregnancy planning, you can take vitamin PP through complex vitamin preparations: Duovit, Vitrum, Biovital, Centrum, Gendevit. Special increased dosages during this period are not provided: the body does not store vitamins for future use, and an excess of vitamins is no less dangerous than their deficiency.

Daily rate

The daily requirement for a vitamin depends on age (see table).

Table of daily content in the body.

Release form

• Nicotinic acid (niacin) is produced in powder, tablets with a dosage of 500 mg, 1% sterile solution. Analogues: VitaplexN, Nikovit, Pellagramin, Enduracin.
• Nicotinamide - in powder, tablets with a dosage of 5 and 25 mg, in 1%, 2.5%, 5% solutions.

Indications

If the diet is complete, balanced, the body has enough vitamin that enters the body with food. But there are conditions that require its additional introduction from the outside:

1. The increased need of the body: when carrying and feeding a child, with severe physical, intellectual, mental stress.
2. Protracted depression due to a lack of tryptophan, which the body has to spend not on creating the hormone of happiness (serotonin), but on the synthesis of a vital vitamin.
3. The first symptoms of vitamin deficiency appear: persistent headaches, nervousness, weight loss, skin is pale and dry. If you do not make up for the deficiency of niacin, pellagra, the “three d” disease, can develop: dermatosis - diarrhea - dementia (skin inflammation - loose stools - dementia).
4. Diseases of the cardiovascular system (arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis).
5. Diseases of the skin and mucous membranes (stomatitis, dermatitis, acne, acne, eczema).
6. Diseases of the digestive system: hypoacid gastritis, hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver.
7. CNS pathologies: psychoneurological and psychoemotional personality disorders: alcoholism, schizophrenia, depression, smoking.
8. Diabetes mellitus type I.
9. Difficult-healing trophic ulcers.

Contraindications

Cannot be applied medication with individual intolerance.

Oral intake: acute period of gastritis with increased secretion, peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum; children under 2 years of age.

Parenteral administration: unstable arterial hypertension; gout; severe forms atherosclerosis, liver diseases; hyperuricemia; children under 2 years of age.

Carefully: tendency to bleed; glaucoma; gastritis with increased secretion, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum without exacerbation.

Side effects

Both oral and parenteral administration of nicotinic acid is accompanied by more or less pronounced symptoms: hot wave tide to the upper part of the body, a feeling of light point tingling; nicotinamide does not cause these manifestations.

Subcutaneous and intramuscular administration of nicotinic acid is accompanied by a pronounced local soreness; nicotinamide is devoid of this side effect.

Possible appearance nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; increase in blood sugar and uric acid; headache, dizziness; myalgia, paresthesia.

With prolonged use, the development of fatty degeneration of the liver is possible.

IMPORTANT! Rapid intravenous administration niacin causes a rapid decline blood pressure up to the development of orthostatic collapse.

Compatibility of nicotinic acid with other vitamins

Nicotinic acid and vitamin C have positive compatibility. Joint reception with ascorbic acid potentiates action both vitamins. Usual dosages for combined use should be reduced.

Compatibility with B vitamins

Vitamin B1

Nicotinic acid and vitamin B1 have negative compatibility. Niacin has a destructive effect on thiamine (B 1). Recommended separate reception

Vitamin B6

Nicotinic acid and vitamin B6 have positive compatibility. Pyridoxine (B 6) facilitates the absorption of niacin, it is possible simultaneous reception.

Vitamin B12

Nicotinic acid and vitamin B12 have negative compatibility. The joint intake of niacin and cyanocobalamin (B 12) destroys the latter. Recommended separate reception at intervals of at least 6 hours.

Taking roaccutane along with nicotinic acid (vitamin B3)

Roaccutane (ROA) is a powerful drug that has many limitations, side effects, and special indications. Patients undergoing ROA treatment should be under the constant supervision of a doctor. Only a dermatologist decides on the need to prescribe additional drugs.

The use of nicotinamide in cosmetics

• Nicotinamide is used as a powerful antioxidant that relieves skin irritation. Protects the skin from the action of ultraviolet radiation, acts as a stimulator of cellular metabolism, improves its blood supply.
• Included in products that care for irritated, sensitive, aging or pigmented skin. Well proven in the treatment of rosacea and acne.
• Contains nicotinamide sunscreens, bath and shower products, mouth rinses.

The use of nicotinic acid for hair growth

Vitamin, nicotinic acid, is recognized as an effective and low-budget stimulant Hair Growth. The result of the impact is to improve the blood supply to the hair follicles, their additional nutrition. Niacin helps to retain moisture in the hair, preventing them from drying out, eliminates dandruff and seborrhea.

Mode of application

Apply the solution from the ampoule to the roots of washed and dried hair, massaging the skin (the hair itself does not require processing) and put on a warming cap. Keep 1.5 - 2 hours. If the substance is administered as a mask ingredient - no longer than 30 minutes. After the required time, rinse with warm water.

The frequency of procedures is 2 times a week, the course is 30 days; repetitions of courses with a two-month interval are possible. The daily dose for external use is 4 ampoules (or 8 powdered tablets).

IMPORTANT! Local allergic reactions are possible! Before use, you need to do a skin test: apply to the skin of the wrist with inside hold for 60 minutes. Monitor the reaction (appearance of itching, burning, redness, swelling). If there are manifestations, then this remedy is not for you.

What products contain

100 g of white mushroom contains 8.5 mg of vitamin PP

The highest content (more than 10 mg per 100 g of the product) is in the liver, cheeses, yeast, offal (heart, kidneys), coffee beans.

Vitamin B3 is present in some herbs: burdock root, chamomile, raspberry leaves, red clover, parsley, peppermint, rosehip, sorrel, ginseng, fennel seeds.

See the full table with products in a separate article:

Useful video

Video about the benefits and harms of nicotinic acid for hair:

Conclusion

Niacin (nicotinamide) is a drug. FROM therapeutic purpose it should only be used as directed by a doctor. The use of complexes containing the vitamin in standard dosages does not require medical supervision.

Nicotinic acid is a vitamin preparation that compensates for the lack of vitamin PP in the body. Available in the form of tablets and solution for injection.

Pharmacological action of nicotinic acid

According to the instructions, the active ingredient in all forms of release is nicotinic acid.

When used, Nicotinic acid has hypocholesterolemic, hypolipidemic and vasodilating effects. The substance is part of NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), which play an important role in the normal and full functioning of the body. NAD and NADP are compounds that carry out redox processes, carbohydrate metabolism, tissue respiration, glycogen breakdown, and regulation of lipid and protein synthesis. NADP is involved in the transfer of phosphate.

Nicotinic acid prevents the development of pellagra, which may be caused by a lack of vitamin PP in the blood.

When used, Nicotinic acid has a short-term vasodilating effect, improves microcirculation, enhances the fibrinolytic activity of the blood, which leads to a decrease in platelet aggregation.

The drug blunts lipolysis in adipose tissue and reduces the rate of lipoprotein synthesis, which have a reduced density. Under the influence of Nicotinic acid, the lipid composition of the blood is normalized, namely: the level of cholesterol and triglycerides decreases, and the content of high-density lipoproteins increases.

Nicotinic acid has the ability to penetrate into breast milk. It is well absorbed in the upper parts of the duodenum and the pyloric part of the stomach. It is biotransformed in the liver and excreted from the body through the kidneys unchanged.

Indications for the use of nicotinic acid

Nicotinic acid is prescribed for the treatment and prevention of pellagra, heart disease, mild forms of diabetes mellitus, peptic ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract, enterocolitis, liver, and gastritis, accompanied by low acidity.

Effective use of the drug to eliminate spasms of the kidneys, arms, legs and brain.

Nicotinic acid is prescribed for hair, as it helps to accelerate their growth.

A vitamin remedy is included in the complex therapy of various infections, atherosclerosis and neuritis facial nerve.

Ways to use Nicotinic acid and dosage

For the treatment of pellagra, adults are prescribed 100 mg of nicotinic acid in tablets with a multiplicity of doses 4 times a day. The duration of the course is 1-2 weeks. Children should take 5-50 mg 2-3 times a day. They also recommend injections of Nicotinic acid intravenously, 50 mg of the drug or intramuscularly, 100 mg 1-2 times a day.

In ischemic stroke, nicotinic acid injections are prescribed intravenously at 10-50 mg.

For other diseases, the vitamin should be taken orally. Adults - 20-50 mg, children - 12.5-25 mg of the drug. Multiplicity of reception - 2-3 times a day.

To accelerate hair growth, nicotinic acid should be applied to a dry clean skin heads daily for 1 month.

For weight loss Nicotinic acid in tablets is recommended to take 100-250 mg per day.

Side effects of Nicotinic acid

Nicotinic acid can cause redness of the trunk, facial skin, numbness of the extremities, rash, hot flashes, dizziness.

With the rapid intravenous administration of the vitamin, a sharp decrease in blood pressure.

Contraindications for use

Nicotinic acid is not prescribed to people with hypertension, hypersensitivity, gout, pregnancy and lactation.

Overdose

According to reviews, an overdose of Nicotinic acid is unlikely (due to the low toxicity of the vitamin). Overdose symptoms are loss of consciousness, hypotension, headaches, dizziness.

Additional Information

Prolonged use of acid can lead to the development of fatty liver.

During therapy with Nicotinic acid, regular monitoring of liver function is necessary.

It is necessary to store the vitamin preparation in a dry, dark place and out of the reach of children.

From pharmacies Nicotinic acid is dispensed without a prescription from the attending physician.

Shelf life - 5 years.

A nicotinic acid

International non-proprietary name

A nicotinic acid

Dosage form

Solution for injection 1%, 1 ml

Compound

1 ml of solution contains

active substance - nicotinic acid 10 mg,

Excipients: sodium bicarbonate, water for injection.

Description

Clear, colorless liquid.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

lipid-lowering drugs. Hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic drugs. Nicotinic acid and its derivatives . A nicotinic acid.

Code ATXC10AD02

pharmachologic effect

Pharmacokinetics

Nicotinic acid is rapidly absorbed when administered parenterally. It is evenly distributed over organs and tissues. It is inactivated mainly by methylation and less by conjugation. Partially biotransformed in the liver with the formation of N-methylnicotinamide, methylpyridonecarboxamides, glucuronide and a complex with glycine. The half-life (T1 / 2) is 45 minutes. Excreted from the body by the kidneys in unchanged form and in the form of metabolites. Renal clearance depends on the concentration of nicotinic acid in plasma and may decrease at high plasma concentrations. Pharmacodynamics

The structure of nicotinic acid is close to nicotinamide. Nicotinic acid and its amide play a significant role in the life of the body: they are prosthetic groups of enzymes - codehydrase I (diphosphopyridine nucleotide - NAD) and codehydrase II (triphosphopyridine nucleotide - NADP), which are hydrogen carriers and carry out redox processes. Codehydrase II is also involved in the transfer of phosphate.

Nicotinic acid compensates for the deficiency of vitamin PP, has a vasodilating effect. Participates in the regulation of tissue respiration, fat metabolism, lowers total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (especially triglycerides).

Indications for use

prevention and treatment of pellagra (avitaminosis RR)

As part of complex therapy: spasm of the vessels of the extremities (obliterating endarteritis, Raynaud's disease), neuritis of the facial nerve, ischemic disorders cerebral circulation

Dosage and administration

Nicotinic acid is administered to adults subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously slowly.

For intravenous jet administration a single dose of the drug is diluted in 10 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, injected at least 5 minutes before (no faster than 2 mg of nicotinic acid per 1 minute).

For intravenous drip a single dose of the drug is diluted in 100-200 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, the rate of administration is 30-40 drops per minute.

Subcutaneous and intramuscular injections painful.

With pellagra, a 1% solution of 1 ml is administered intravenously or intramuscularly 1-2 times a day for 10-15 days.

In case of ischemic cerebrovascular accident, 1 ml of a 1% solution is administered intravenously (slowly).

For other indications appoint subcutaneously or intramuscularly at 10 mg (1 ml) 1 time per day for 10-15 days. It is possible to add to the infusion solution: 10 mg (1 ml) of nicotinic acid per 100-200 ml of the infusion solution.

Higher doses with intravenous administration: single - 100 mg (10 ml), daily - 300 mg (30 ml).

Side effects

Hyperemia of the face and upper half of the body with sensation

tingling and burning (in persons with hypersensitivity)

Urticaria, skin rash, itching

Dizziness, feeling of a rush of blood to the head, headache

Orthostatic hypotension, collapse (with rapid intravenous administration)

With prolonged use of high doses

- dry skin, exfoliative dermatitis

• anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea

  liver dysfunction, incl. fatty degeneration of the liver, jaundice

paresthesia

• hyperuricemia

  hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratosis

  decreased glucose tolerance

  hyperglycemia

  transient increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity,

lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase

• irritation of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract.

- asthenia

- pain at the site of subcutaneous and intramuscular injections.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to nicotinic acid

severe forms arterial hypertension

Atherosclerosis (for intravenous injection)

Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (in the stage

exacerbations)

Severe liver dysfunction: hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver

Recent myocardial infarction

Decompensated diabetes mellitus

Gout and hyperuricemia

Pregnancy, lactation

Children's age up to 18 years

Drug Interactions

Oral contraceptives and isoniazid reduce the conversion of tryptophan to nicotinic acid and thus may increase the need for nicotinic acid.

Nicotinic acid reduces efficacy and toxicity barbiturates, anti-tuberculosis drugs, sulfonamides. When used together with sulfonylurea drugs, it can increase blood glucose levels. Also, nicotinic acid reduces the toxicity of neomycin and prevents the decrease in the concentration of cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins induced by it.

Antibiotics may increase the redness of the skin caused by nicotinic acid.

Acetylsalicylic acid reduces the effect of reddening of the skin that occurs under the action of nicotinic acid.

lovastatin, pravastatin due to the increased risk of developing adverse reactions it is not recommended to combine with nicotinic acid.

Care must be taken when combined with antihypertensive drugs(may increase hypotensive effect), anticoagulants, acetylsalicylic acid(due to the risk of developing hemorrhages).

The drug potentiates the action fibrinolytic agents, antispasmodics and cardiac glycosides, the toxic effect of alcohol on the liver.

Do not mix with thiamine chloride solution (destruction of thiamine occurs).

special instructions

Before using the drug, you should consult with your doctor.

Since long-term use can lead to fatty degeneration of the liver, for the prevention of the latter, methionine-rich foods are included in the diet of patients or methionine is prescribed, lipoic acid. During treatment, it is necessary to monitor liver function. When hypersensitivity to the drug (with the exception of cases of use as a vasodilator) can be replaced by nicotinamide.

Carefully the drug is used for hyperacid gastritis, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (outside the stage of exacerbation).

The use of the drug may lead to an increase in the need for insulin in patients with diabetes. It is inappropriate to use for the correction of dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.

It is necessary to regularly monitor glucose due to a possible decrease in glucose tolerance, as well as the level of uric acid in serum due to possible increase as a result of long-term therapy.

Carefully prescribed for glaucoma, bleeding, arterial hypotension, impaired liver and kidney function, liver disease and impaired function in history, diabetes mellitus, impaired heart rate, migraines, alcohol abuse.

Features of the effect of the drug on the ability to drive vehicle or potentially dangerous mechanisms

Considering side effects medicinal product, care should be taken when driving vehicles and moving machinery.

Overdose

Symptoms: increased side effects of cardio-vascular system- arterial hypotension, headache, possible loss of consciousness, dizziness, feeling of a rush of blood to the head.

Treatment: drug withdrawal, detoxification therapy, symptomatic treatment. There is no specific antidote.

Release form and packaging

1 ml in neutral glass ampoules for syringe filling or imported, or sterile ampoules for syringe filling imported, with a break point or a break ring.

Each ampoule is labeled with label paper or writing paper.

5 or 10 ampoules are packed in a blister pack made of PVC film and aluminum or imported foil.

Boundary packages are placed in boxes made of cardboard or corrugated cardboard.

The approved instructions for medical use in the state and Russian languages. The number of instructions is nested according to the number of boxes or packages.

Storage conditions

Store in a place protected from light, at a temperature not exceeding 30 ° C.

Keep out of the reach of children!

Shelf life

Do not use after the expiration date.

Terms of dispensing from pharmacies

On prescription

Manufacturer

Registration certificate holder

Chimpharm JSC, Republic of Kazakhstan

Address of the organization accepting claims from consumers on the quality of products (goods) on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Chimpharm JSC, Republic of Kazakhstan

Shymkent, st. Rashidova, 81

Phone number 7252 (561342)

Fax number 7252 (561342)

Address Email [email protected]

Nicotinic acid (vitamin B3, vitamin PP, niacin) - description and instructions for use (tablets, injections), what products contain, how to use for weight loss, for hair growth and strengthening, reviews

Thanks

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!

Nicotinic acid deficiency leads to pellagra- a disease that also bears the figurative name "three D", since its main manifestations are dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia.

The action of nicotinic acid

However, in addition to its therapeutic activity, nicotinic acid performs a number of very important biological functions. So, nicotinic acid activates enzymes that provide energy production in cells from fats and carbohydrates. That is, it is under the action of vitamin PP that sugars and fats are converted into energy necessary for the life of every cell of any organ or tissue. Accordingly, with a lack of this vitamin, the energy production process is disrupted, as a result of which the cells of various organs stop working normally and perform their functions. That is why nicotinic acid supports the normal functioning of all organs and tissues, and is especially important for the heart and blood vessels.

In addition, niacin activates enzymes that ensure the formation of sex hormones in men and women (estrogens, testosterone, progesterone), as well as insulin, cortisone and thyroxine.

As a medicine, vitamin PP has the following therapeutic effects:

• Vasodilator;
• Hypolipidemic (reduces the level of atherogenic lipid fractions in the blood);
• Hypocholesterolemic (lowers blood cholesterol).

That is why, as a drug, niacin is the most effective tool control of blood cholesterol levels. So, in people who have had a myocardial infarction, regular use of nicotinic acid increases the percentage and lengthens the survival period much better than any other pharmaceuticals.

In addition, nicotinic acid fights major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as:

• Elevated levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the blood;
• Low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the blood;
• High concentration of lipoprotein in the blood;
• High levels of triglycerides (TG, TAG) in the blood.

Also, the use of nicotinic acid can significantly reduce the dosage of insulin in people with type I diabetes. In addition, with regular use, vitamin PP prevents the development of diabetes, as it protects pancreatic cells from damage. According to a New Zealand study, nicotinic acid prophylaxis in children aged 5 to 7 cut the incidence of diabetes by half (by 50%).

With osteoarthritis, nicotinic acid reduces the severity of pain and improves the mobility of the affected joints.

Vitamin PP has a sedative (calming) effect. In addition, nicotinic acid increases the effectiveness of drugs used to treat depression, anxiety, attention deficit disorder, alcoholism, and schizophrenia. Under these conditions, the isolated use of nicotinic acid gives a positive therapeutic effect.

Nicotinic acid has excellent detoxifying properties, so it is used to remove toxic substances from the body of people who have been exposed to them for some time.

Regular intake of nicotinic acid can prevent migraine attacks and alleviate their course.

Daily need for nicotinic acid and products containing it

• Children under 1 year old- 6 mg per day;
• Children 1 - 1.5 years- 9 mg per day;
• Children 1.5 - 2 years- 10 mg per day;
• Children 3 - 4 years old- 12 mg per day;
• Children 5 - 6 years old- 13 mg per day;
• Children 7 – 10 years old- 15 mg per day;
• Children 11 – 13 years old- 19 mg per day;
• Boys 14 - 17 years old- 21 mg per day;
• Girls 14 - 17 years old- 18 mg per day;
• Adult women and men over 18 years of age- 20 mg per day;
• Adult women and men engaged in heavy physical labor- 25 mg per day;
• Pregnant women and nursing mothers- 20 - 25 mg per day.

• Work associated with neuropsychic stress (for example, pilots, surgeons, dispatchers, etc.);
• Living in the Far North;
• Work in a hot climate;
• Work in hot shops (for example, blast furnace production, swaging and steelmaking shops, etc.);
• Periods of pregnancy and lactation;
• Hard physical work;
• Nutrition with a low protein content and a predominance of vegetable fats over animal fats in the diet.

• Porcini;
• Walnut;
• Yeast;
• Potato;
• Cayenne pepper;
• Burdock root ;
• Chicken meat;
• Dried apricots;
• Raspberry leaves;
• Dandelion leaves;
• Oatmeal;
• Peppermint ;
• Dog-rose fruit ;
• wheat germ;
• Products made from whole grains;
• beef liver;
• Fish;
• Pork;
• Sunflower seeds ;
• fennel seeds;
• Heart;
• pistachios;
• Hazelnut;
• Prunes;
• Champignons;
• Eggs;
• Barley grits.

Nicotinic acid (vitamin B 3, vitamin PP, niacin) - blood cholesterol regulator - video

Symptoms of deficiency and overdose of nicotinic acid

Incomplete deficiency of nicotinic acid manifested by the following symptoms:

• lethargy;
• Apathy;
• severe fatigue;
• Dizziness;
• Headache;
• Paleness of the skin and mucous membranes;
• Decreased body resistance to infectious diseases.

• Chronic diarrhea (stools up to 3-5 times a day, having a liquid watery consistency, but not containing impurities of blood or mucus);
• Feeling of heaviness in the stomach;
• Heartburn and belching;
• Burning sensation in the mouth;
• Increased sensitivity of the gums;
• Salivation;
• Redness of the mucous membranes;
• swelling of the lips;
• Cracks in the lips and skin;
• Numerous inflammations on the skin;
• Protruding in the form of red dots papillae of the tongue;
• Deep cracks in the tongue;
• Red spots on the skin of the hands, face, neck and elbows;
• skin edema ( skin covering it hurts, itches and blisters appear on it);
• Weakness in the muscles;
• Headache;
• Feeling of numbness and pain in the limbs;
• Crawling sensation;
• Shaky gait;
• High blood pressure;
• Dementia (dementia);
• Depression;
• Ulcers.

With prolonged intake of very large amounts of nicotinic acid in the body, a person may experience fainting, itching of the skin, heart rhythm disturbances, and disorders of the digestive tract. Excessive consumption of vitamin PP does not cause other symptoms of intoxication, since nicotinic acid is of low toxicity.

Pellagra (nicotinic acid deficiency) - symptoms and signs, treatment (how to compensate for vitamin B 3 deficiency) - video

Nicotinic acid preparations

Currently, the following nicotinic acid preparations containing nicotinamide as an active ingredient are available on the pharmaceutical market of the CIS countries:

• Niacinamide tablets and injection;
• Nikonacid;
• Nicotinamide tablets and solution for injections.

• Apelagrin;
• Niacin;
• Nicoverine (nicotinic acid + papaverine);
• A nicotinic acid;
• Nicotinic acid bufus;
• Nicotinic acid-Vial;
• Enduracin.

Nicotinic acid - indications for use

• Prevention of pellagra and vitamin PP deficiency;
• Treatment of pellagra;
• Atherosclerosis of the vessels of the brain and lower extremities;
• Chronic arterial insufficiency I - III degree;
• Hyperlipidemia ( elevated level in the blood of various types of lipids, for example, triglycerides, cholesterol and others);
• Spasm of peripheral vessels of various origins (for example, with obliterating endarteritis, Raynaud's disease, migraine, cerebrovascular accident, scleroderma, etc.);
• Complex rehabilitation therapy after stroke and myocardial infarction;
• Angina stable and unstable;
• Atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis;
• People with risk factors for coronary artery disease in combination with hyperlipidemia;
• Hartnup disease;
• Hypercoagulability (increased blood clotting with a tendency to thrombosis);
• Neuritis of the facial nerve;
• intoxication;
• Long-term non-healing wounds;
• Ulcers on the skin and mucous membranes;
• Frequent or long-term infectious diseases;
• Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (especially gastritis with low acidity);
• Liver diseases (cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis).

Nicotinic acid - instructions for use

Injections (ampoules)

Subcutaneous and intramuscular injections can be done at home on your own, but it must be remembered that such injections are very painful. For the production of injections, first of all, it is necessary to choose the right place. For intramuscular injections, the optimal sites are the outer upper third of the shoulder, the anterior outer surface of the thigh, the anterior abdominal wall(for people who are not overweight) and the upper outer quadrant of the buttocks. For subcutaneous injections, the optimal areas are the forearm and the outer anterior wall of the abdomen.

Having chosen a place for injection, it is necessary to wipe it with a cotton swab moistened with an antiseptic (alcohol, chlorhexidine, etc.). Then draw the required amount of solution into the syringe, release a few drops, lifting it up with a needle, and inject. After the injection, it is necessary to re-treat the injection site with a cotton swab moistened with an antiseptic. For each subsequent injection, it is necessary to choose a new place, deviating from the previous injection by 1-1.5 cm.

Intramuscular injection is made as follows: the needle is inserted deep into the tissue, after which, with the help of slow pressure on the piston, the solution is released. Intradermal injection is performed as follows: With two fingers, a small area of ​​​​skin is captured in the fold. Then, a needle is inserted into this fold, holding it almost parallel to the main skin and at the same time perpendicular to the lateral surface of the fold. The needle is inserted until tissue resistance is felt. As soon as the needle begins to go freely, the introduction is stopped. After that, slowly pressing on the syringe plunger, the solution is released into the tissue.

The choice of the method of administration of nicotinic acid is made by the doctor depending on the severity of the course of the disease, general condition and the necessary speed of appearance of positive effects. For intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, 1%, 2.5% and 5% solutions of nicotinic acid are used, which are administered 1 to 2 times a day. The amount of solution required for administration is calculated from the amount of nicotinic acid contained in it.

Dosages and duration of therapy depend on the disease and are as follows:

• For the treatment of pellagra and symptoms of vitamin PP deficiency - adults are administered intravenously 50 mg or intramuscularly 100 mg 1-2 times a day for 10-15 days;
• In ischemic stroke - a solution of nicotinic acid is administered at 100 - 500 mg intravenously.

Nicotinic acid tablets

The dosage and duration of the use of nicotinic acid depend on the severity of the condition and the type of disease. The following dosages of tablets are currently recommended for different states for people of all ages:

• For the prevention of pellagra and vitamin PP deficiency - adults take 12.5 - 25 mg per day, and children - 5 - 25 mg per day;
• For the treatment of pellagra - adults take 100 mg 3-4 times a day for 15-20 days. Children take 12.5 - 50 mg 2 - 3 times a day;
• At atherosclerosis, take 2-3 g (2000-3000 mg) per day, divided into 2-4 doses;
• With hyperlipidemia and disorders of fat metabolism start with a low dosage and gradually increase it to the required. In the first week, take 500 mg 1 time per day. In the absence of side effects in the second week, take 500 mg twice a day. On the third week, bring the dosage to 500 mg 3 times a day and take the tablets for a total of 2.5 to 3 months. Then it is necessary to take a monthly break and, if necessary, undergo a course of therapy again;
• To increase the concentration of HDL it is necessary to take 1000 mg of nicotinic acid per day;
• With risk factors for cardiovascular disease take 500 - 1000 mg per day;
• For other diseases adults take 20 - 50 mg 2 - 3 times a day, and children - 12.5 - 25 mg 2 - 3 times a day.

The duration of one course of treatment of various diseases with nicotinic acid averages 2-3 months. Such courses of therapy can be repeated if necessary, maintaining intervals of at least 1 month between them.

If for some reason the treatment was interrupted before the completion of the full course, then you can start taking nicotinic acid again after 5 to 7 days, but in smaller dosages and gradually bring it back up to the desired one. In this case, the course of treatment is extended only by 5 to 7 days off.

special instructions

With prolonged use of nicotinic acid, every three months it is necessary to monitor liver function by determining the levels of lipids, glucose and uric acid, as well as the activity of AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase in the blood. At sharp increase levels of these indicators above the norm, it is necessary to reduce the dosage. To reduce the possible negative effects of nicotinic acid on the liver, it is necessary to include foods containing methionine in the diet (for example, cottage cheese), or take drugs with methionine.

At the initial stage of treatment, it is necessary to control the level of blood glucose and, if necessary, start therapy with small doses, gradually increasing them to therapeutic ones.

Unfortunately, not all people can take high and effective doses of nicotinic acid, as they are poorly tolerated, causing hot flashes, reddening of the skin, and gastrointestinal disturbances. In such situations, the maximum dosages that are well tolerated by a person are individually selected.

In addition, with prolonged use of nicotinic acid, ascorbic acid can be washed out of the body. Therefore, to prevent its deficiency, along with nicotinic acid, it is necessary to take vitamin C.

It must also be remembered that the use of nicotinic acid in therapeutic dosages can provoke the following negative consequences:

• Increased acidity of gastric juice with exacerbation of peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum;
• Increased blood glucose levels;
• An increase in the level of uric acid in the blood up to the formation of gout;
• Increased frequency of arrhythmia attacks;
• acanthosis ( brown spots on the skin);
• Swelling of the retina, causing blurred and blurred vision.

Interaction with other drugs

Nicotinic acid enhances the effects of cardiac glycosides (Strophanthin, Korglikon, etc.), antispasmodics (No-Shpa, Papaverine, etc.), fibrinolytics (Streptokinase, Urokinase, etc.) and alcohol.

When taken with lipid-lowering agents, the risk of developing toxic effects on the liver may increase.

In addition, vitamin PP reduces the severity of the therapeutic effect of antidiabetic drugs.

Electrophoresis with nicotinic acid

When using electrophoresis, nicotinic acid is delivered directly to the affected tissue area, which ensures its action in the place where it is needed. In addition, due to the intake of vitamin PP directly into the affected tissues, the therapeutic effect develops quickly, and relief comes literally after the first procedure. Also, after electrophoresis with nicotinic acid, the flow of other drugs (taken orally or injected), oxygen and nutrients to the affected tissue areas is facilitated, since vitamin PP improves blood microcirculation. It is thanks to these effects that when using electrophoresis with nicotinic acid, the process of healing and stopping an attack of osteochondrosis is much faster.

For electrophoresis, a 1% solution of nicotinic acid is used. Procedures are carried out once a day for 10 days. If necessary, a course of electrophoresis with nicotinic acid can be carried out periodically to prevent exacerbations and prevent the progression of osteochondrosis.

Application in various fields

Nicotinic acid for hair

However, it must be remembered that all these effects of nicotinic acid are not due to its properties, but to the fact that vitamin PP increases blood flow in the area of ​​the hair follicles, as a result of which the hair receives more nutrients and vitamins. Accordingly, the effect of using nicotinic acid for hair will be noticeable only if a person eats normally and fully and in his body there is a sufficient amount of vitamins and minerals that the bloodstream can deliver to the hair follicles. If a person is malnourished or suffers from a deficiency of vitamins and minerals in the body, then there will be no effect from the use of nicotinic acid for hair, since increased microcirculation in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe hair follicles will not increase the amount of nutrients and oxygen supplied to them.

Nicotinic acid for hair can be used in the following ways:

• Take orally in the form of tablets in courses;
• Add to various means for hair care (masks, shampoos, etc.) in order to enrich them;
• Apply a solution of nicotinic acid to the scalp in its pure form.

It is necessary to add nicotinic acid to home and ready-made hair care products in the form of a 2 - 2.5% solution. For every 100 ml of a mask or shampoo, add 5-10 drops of a solution of nicotinic acid and use the finished composition immediately. Do not store fortified with vitamin PP cosmetics for hair, because with the access of oxygen, vitamin PP is quickly destroyed.

The simplest and most effective way The use of nicotinic acid for hair is its rubbing into the scalp. To do this, use ampoules with a 1% solution. The ampoules are opened immediately before use, the solution is poured into a small container and gently rubbed into the scalp with soft massaging movements along the partings with your fingers. First, the crown and forehead are treated, then the back of the head and temporal regions.

Depending on the length and thickness of the hair, 1-2 ampoules of a nicotinic acid solution are needed at a time. It is recommended to rub nicotinic acid after washing your hair. Some time after applying nicotinic acid to the scalp, a feeling of warmth and slight tingling may appear, which is normal and indicates the activation of blood flow. After application, it is not necessary to wash off the vitamin solution, since it is absorbed into the skin and hair, and has its positive effect.

To obtain the optimal effect, it is necessary to rub nicotinic acid into the scalp every day for a month. After this, it is necessary to take a break for at least 1 month, after which the course of application of vitamin PP can be repeated.

Nicotinic acid for the face

Plastic surgeons in the United States recommend that their patients drink a course of nicotinic acid before surgery, as this reduces the time it takes to restore the normal structure of the skin after surgical intervention. In addition, cosmetologists actively recommend taking nicotinic acid to people whose skin is dull, flabby and tired. In principle, any girl or woman can periodically take nicotinic acid to improve the condition of the skin.

This should be done according to a certain scheme. 10 days before the expected next menstruation, it is necessary to start taking nicotinic acid tablets at a dosage of 50 mg per day, and do this before the onset of menstruation. On the first day of menstruation, nicotinic acid is stopped. Then, nicotinic acid is drunk in the same way for another two menstrual cycles. The total duration of therapy with vitamin PP tablets is 3 menstrual cycle 10 days each. Such courses can be repeated periodically, maintaining intervals between them lasting at least 2 months. In one course of application, unevenness on the skin is smoothed out, and acne and post-acne (even old ones) completely disappear.

Some time after taking nicotinic acid, a slight reddening of the face may appear, which is a normal reaction and is due to the expansion of blood vessels. The redness will pass quickly. However, it is precisely because of the effect of facial redness that many cosmetologists do not recommend the use of nicotinic acid, fearing that this will disappoint and scare away clients.

It is not recommended to apply a solution of nicotinic acid to the skin externally, as this can provoke its strong overdrying and sharp redness with the formation of telangiectasias ( spider veins). However, if there is a desire to conduct an experiment, then you can add 3-5 drops of a 1% solution of nicotinic acid in 50 ml of cream and apply the finished composition to your face.

Nicotinic acid for weight loss

Nicotinic acid in order to lose weight should be taken at 20 - 100 mg per day for 15 - 20 days at the same time as the diet. After that, you should stop taking nicotinic acid, but if necessary, the course of its use can be repeated after 1 - 1.5 months.

Side effects

• Redness of the skin of the face and upper body;
• Sensation of tingling and burning in the area of ​​reddened skin;
• Sensation of a rush of blood to the head;
• Decreased blood pressure;
• Orthostatic hypotension with rapid intravenous administration (pressure drop when moving from a lying position to a standing or sitting position);
• Decreased glucose tolerance;
• Hyperglycemia (increased blood glucose levels);
• Increased activity of AsAT, LDH and alkaline phosphatase;
• Irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa.

Contraindications for use

• Increased individual sensitivity or allergic reactions to the components of the drugs;
• Exacerbation of peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum;
• Severe disease or abnormal liver function;
• Gout;
• Hyperuricemia (elevated levels of uric acid in the blood);
• Severe course of hypertension;
• Severe atherosclerosis (intravenous administration of nicotinic acid solutions is contraindicated).

• Gastritis with high acidity;
• The stage of remission of peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum;
• Diabetes;
• The period of pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• hemorrhages;

Group of nicotinic acid (vitamin PP).

Composition Nicotinic acid

The active substance is nicotinic acid.

Manufacturers

Akrikhin KhPK (Russia), Biomed (Russia), Veropharm Belgorod Branch (Russia), Vitamins (Ukraine), Dalkhimfarm (Russia), Irbit Chemical and Pharmaceutical Plant (Russia), Moskhimfarmpreparaty im. ON THE. Semashko (Russia), Ufavita (Russia), Pharmstandard-Leksredstva OJSC (Russia), Pharmstandard-Ufimsky Vitamin Plant (Russia)

pharmachologic effect

Replenishing deficiency of vitamin PP (B3), vasodilating, hypolipidemic, hypocholesterolemic.

Included in the prosthetic group of enzymes that are carriers of hydrogen:

• nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP,
• regulates the redox process,
• tissue respiration,
• protein and fat synthesis,
• breakdown of glycogen.

Inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue, reduces the rate of VLDL synthesis.

Normalizes the lipid composition of the blood:

• reduces the level of total cholesterol,
• triglycerides and increases HDL levels,
• has anti-atherogenic properties.

It has a vasodilating effect, incl. on the vessels of the brain, improves microcirculation, increases the fibrinolytic activity of the blood and reduces platelet aggregation (reduces the formation of thromboxane A2).

Has detoxifying properties.

It is effective in Hartnup's disease - a hereditary disorder of tryptophan metabolism, accompanied by a deficiency in the synthesis of nicotinic acid.

Well absorbed in the pyloric stomach and upper duodenum.

Partially biotransformed in the liver with the formation of N-methylnicotinamide, methylpyridonecarboxamides, glucuronide and a complex with glycine.

Excreted with urine.

Side effects Nicotinic acid

Due to the release of histamine:

• skin redness,
• including face and upper body with tingling and burning sensation,
• sensation of a rush of blood to the head,
• dizziness,
• hypotension,
• orthostatic hypotension (with rapid intravenous administration,
• increased secretion of gastric juice,
• dyspepsia,
• hives.

With prolonged use of large doses:

• diarrhea,
• anorexic,
• vomiting,
• liver dysfunction,
• fatty degeneration of the liver,
• ulceration of the gastric mucosa,
• arrhythmias,
• paresthesia,
• hyperuricemia,
• decreased glucose tolerance,
• hyperglycemia,
• transient increase in AS activity,
• alkaline phosphatase,
• irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa.

Indications for use

Prevention and treatment of pellagra (avitaminosis PP); atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, spasm of peripheral vessels, incl. obliterating endarteritis, Raynaud's disease, migraine, cerebrovascular accident, including ischemic stroke ( complex therapy), angina pectoris, Hartnup's disease, hypercoagulability, neuritis of the facial nerve, intoxication, long-term non-healing wounds, ulcers, infectious diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Contraindications Nicotinic acid

Hypersensitivity, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (in the acute stage), severe liver dysfunction, gout, hyperuricemia, severe forms of arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis (in / in the introduction).

Application restrictions:

• pregnancy,
• lactation.

Method of application and dosage

For prevention:

• adults - 0.0125-0.025 g per day,
• children - 0.005-0.025 g per day.

For pellagra:

• adults - 0.1 g 2-4 times a day for 15-20 days;
• children - 0.0125-0.05 g 2-3 times a day.

With atherosclerosis:

• 2-3 g per day in 2-4 doses.

With lipid metabolism disorders:

• inside,
• the dose is gradually increased (in the absence of side effects) from 0.05 g 1 time per day to 2-3 g per day in several doses,
• course of treatment - 1 month or more,
• between repeated courses breaks are necessary.

For other diseases:

• adults - 0.02-0.05 g (up to 0.1 g) 2-3 times a day,
• children - 0.0125-0.025 g 2-3 times a day.

Overdose

No data.

Interaction

Potentiates the action of fibrinolytic agents, antispasmodics and cardiac glycosides, the toxic effect of alcohol on the liver.

Reduces the absorption of sequestrants bile acids(requires an interval of 1.5–2 hours between doses) and the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic drugs.

Interaction with antihypertensive drugs, acetylsalicylic acid, anticoagulants is possible.

special instructions

Use with caution in hyperacid gastritis, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.

During treatment, liver function should be monitored regularly.

To prevent hepatotoxicity, it is necessary to include foods rich in methionine (cottage cheese) in the diet, or to prescribe methionine or other lipotropic agents.

It is inappropriate to use for the correction of dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.

It should be borne in mind that s / c and / m injections are painful.

Storage conditions

List B.

In a dry, dark place, at room temperature.