Fever in children treatment. Fever in children: what to do? White fever in a child: what to do

Pediatricians say that an increase in body temperature in a baby is main reason contacting a doctor. In the autumn-winter period, 90% of small patients who have a fever come to the pediatrician. The main task of the doctor is to assess the condition of a child with a fever. Fever in children is characteristics and methods of treatment. Doctors often resort to antipyretic therapy.

What is a fever?

In some cases, correction of fever in a small patient with the help of medications is required, in others, hospitalization is indicated. Experts say that fever is a non-specific reaction of the child's body in response to exposure to "bad" stimuli, which is characterized by an increase in body temperature.

Increased body temperature reduces the viability of many pathogenic microorganisms, enhances the components of immunity. This means that a fever of less than 38.5 degrees does not require medical correction. This rule only applies when the child is in good health. Parents of a small patient should observe him, control his condition. With a high probability of developing critical situations, emergency medical care is needed.

Types of fever in children

The temperature in children can manifest itself and proceed in different ways, much depends on the type of disease. AT clinical practice distinguish pale and rose fever. Each of them has its own clinical picture. For example, rose fever is characterized by a sensation of heat, the preservation of normal skin color.

Table 1: Types of fever.

With this type of heat, the child's condition will be moderate, and the body temperature rises gradually. The mucous membranes and skin of the baby remain pink, the pulse can be accelerated, tense. Blood pressure in rose fever does not exceed the normal range, and the child's breathing is slightly rapid. The so-called rose fever is considered more favorable and safer. This variant of the disease is physiological.

Severely occurs in children pale fever. Cold extremities, severe intoxication, blue nail plates, thready pulse - these are just some of the symptoms of the disease. Pale fever is characterized by other signs, such as:

• decline blood pressure to shock indicators;
• pale skin;
• sensation of coldness in the whole body, chills;
• changes in the child's behavior;
• shallow, often forcing breathing;
• convulsive state of the baby.

Pale fever is accompanied by metabolic disorders, microcirculation disorders and heat transfer, which does not correspond to heat production. If the temperature is not brought down in a timely manner, the occurrence of seizures in the child will be inevitable. With the development of a convulsive syndrome, the close attention of a specialist is required.

Children at risk for developing pallid fever different ages. It includes babies under the age of two months, and patients with epilepsy, and children with a history of febrile seizures. Children with pathology of the central nervous system, with hereditary metabolic ailments, with heart defects can get sick with pale fever. Small patients at risk are shown antipyretic therapy at a body temperature of 38 degrees.

The main signs of fever in children

A fever in a child is accompanied not only by fever. In a clinical examination of a small patient with fever, the doctor pays attention to other symptoms. They, according to the “traffic light rule”, indicate the presence of a serious condition in case of illness in a child. The following clinical manifestations deserve special attention:

• cyanosis of the mucous membranes, skin;
• no response to social signals;
• the child is sleepy, he does not want to wake up;
• continuous crying of the baby;
• there is breathing with wheezing, groaning;
• tissue turgidity decreases;
• moderate, pronounced retraction of the chest;
• swelling of the fontanel.

To objectively assess the severity of the condition of a sick child, specialists can use the Yale Observation Scale. With the help of this scale, doctors will be able to make the right decision regarding the further tactics of treating a small patient. The following factors are taken into account:

1. symptoms (the nature of crying, behavior, skin color, hydration status, and others);
2. norm and deviations;
3. moderate disorder;
4. significant disorder.

Table 2: Yale Assessment Criteria.

After interpreting the results obtained on the Yale scoring scale, the pediatrician chooses further treatment tactics. Great importance have symptoms of a fever in a child, his behavior and general state. The risk of development is always assessed serious complications. The district doctor can prescribe outpatient treatment, recommend a consultation with the head of the department, and hospitalize a small patient.

When is antipyretic therapy required?

Fever is one of the signs of most infectious diseases. It can be observed with SARS in children, with influenza and other ailments. It is not always necessary to bring the temperature down to normal indicators. Specialists of the American Academy of Pediatrics report that an increase in body temperature in a child cannot be considered an absolute indicator for prescribing antipyretic therapy. Parents should learn to observe the general condition of their beloved child, to identify the main alarming symptoms.

In children at risk of developing fever, an increase in body temperature > 38 ° C should not be allowed. Need to know what everyone doesn't need possible ways strive to normalize the temperature. It is enough to reduce high rates by at least 1-1.5 ° C. The main criteria for prescribing antipyretic therapy are the type of fever and the presence of risk factors. For rose fever this species therapy is indicated if:

1. a baby without risk factors has a temperature ≥38.5 ° C;
2. a child with risk factors has a temperature equal to or higher than 38°C.

With pale fever, these indicators are slightly different. If the child is not at risk, antipyretic therapy is prescribed at a temperature of ≥38.0 degrees C. If a small patient is at risk, antipyretics are indicated at a temperature of ≥37.5°C.

What medicines are used for fever?

If the child has a fever, the pediatrician must correctly select the appropriate drug. Patients from 2 years of age are allowed to take metamizole sodium, from 5 years of age - mefenamic acid. Assign acetylsalicylic acid is allowed only to patients whose age has reached 18 years.

WHO also recommends in the treatment of fever in children the use of pediatric practice paracetamol, ibuprofen. The last antipyretic is allowed for children whose age has reached 3 months. Paracetamol is approved for use by babies over the age of 1 month. It makes no sense to prescribe two antipyretics at the same time. The alternation of paracetamol with ibuprofen is allowed in the case when, after taking the drug, the unsatisfactory state of health of a small patient remains.

If ibuprofen and paracetamol are ineffective, doctors use metamizole sodium. Ibuprofen compared with paracetamol has more pronounced analgesic and antipyretic effects. After taking any of the drugs, their effect is observed after 15 minutes. True, the duration of action of ibuprofen on the child's body is 8-12 hours, and paracetamol - only 4 hours. As a result, you can limit the intake of ibuprofen to 2-3 doses per day.

Dosage, features of the use of drugs for fever in a child

A study by experienced professionals showed the rapid onset of the antipyretic effect of ibuprofen, its long-term antipyretic effect. When deciding how to treat fever in children, doctors must take into account the age of patients. Regardless of the level of fever, ibuprofen is prescribed at a dose of 5-10 mg / kg.

The standard dose of paracetamol is 10-15 mg / kg, sick children should take it every 4-6 hours. Ibuprofen is used at a dose of 5-10 mg / kg, sick patients take it every 6-8 hours. It can be said that there is an obvious difference in the convenience of taking such drugs, in their drug load.

In pediatric practice, only effective and safe medications should be used to eliminate fever in young patients. In some cases, the occurrence of various side effects when using ibuprofen. The overall rate is less than 0.1 percent of the total number of adverse effects reported when taking medications.

In 1995, specialists conducted a randomized multicenter study, according to the results of which they were able to compare the incidence of adverse reactions against the background of short-term use of paracetamol, ibuprofen. It was found that the risk of developing Reye's syndrome, kidney failure and other complications when using these medicines was comparable.

Pale fever in children is not a pleasant condition. The topic remains controversial and discussed so far, and especially with regards to child health. With all the excess of information and its availability to people, many still zealously continue to bring down the temperature and choke the fever in the bud. The phenomenon of the phenomenon of strife, and they have distinctive features, so you need to be able to interpret them correctly and make adequate decisions on the case so as not to harm the baby. Not so long ago, we covered the topic and the algorithm for helping in such a situation. This time we will touch on white fever in children, consider how it differs from pink fever, and how to properly provide assistance in such a situation.

white fever in children, it is also called pale, is an adaptive reaction of the body aimed at destroying invasive agents. It is most often found in respiratory diseases and viral infections. A feverish state in this case should be considered as a payment for stopping and suppressing the disease at its initial stage, and lowering the temperature leads to reverse reactions, and transfers the disease to a long-playing and slowly current phase.

Symptoms of pale fever in children pretty definable to the naked eye:

• elevated temperature, and its maximum values ​​are noted on the trunk and head, and the limbs remain cold
• chills can often occur
• the skin acquires a pale whitish hue and a network of vessels becomes visible on it
• the baby becomes lethargic and apathetic, refuses to eat and drink, does not play and is naughty.

The temperature spread can be quite large: 37-41 °C. At the same time, one cannot talk about critical and safe parameters, they simply do not exist. It is far from always necessary to bring down high values, and not at all to the parameters of 36.6 ° С, a decrease already by 1-1.5 ° С gives the baby a significant relief of well-being. If we are talking about babies mainly under the age of one year, then values ​​​​in the region of 38.5 ° C can become hazardous to health, for older children we can talk about a threshold of 39.6 ° C, although these are all rather arbitrary values ​​\u200b\u200band cannot be tied to them, t .to. each organism is individual. If the temperature values ​​​​have reached the given values, then you can think about lowering them.

Start with elementary ways without resorting to drugs:

• put a damp cloth on the forehead, wipe the neck and folds of the crumbs with water. If your feet are cold, wear socks
• do not wrap the baby tightly, this disrupts the exchange with the environment, reduces sweating and makes the state of health even more difficult
• let's drink extra (fruit drink, compote).

If after a few hours you have not noticed positive trends in improving the condition of the child, and the temperature continues to rise, then it makes sense to take antipyretics according to the instructions. It is allowed to use paracetamol and ibuprofen. These drugs work pretty quickly, and after 40-60 minutes your baby should feel relief. If the situation does not return to normal, you observe the same signs, and the temperature continues to rise, you notice convulsions in the baby - call an ambulance and do not pull further, this can be fraught with serious complications. Pale fever in children it is more severe than red, and its symptoms are more painful and unpleasant, however, with the help offered correctly and on time, you can significantly reduce the risk of complications and stop the fever in 3-4 days. remember, that fever in children This is not a disease, but a protective reaction of the body.

Today we will tell you about what constitutes white fever in a child. You will also learn what symptoms are characteristic of this condition, why it occurs, how it is diagnosed and treated.

general information

Fever is called the protective reaction of the sick organism, directed against the causative agent of the virus or infection. In medical practice, this condition is usually divided into white and rose fever.

Accompanied by spasms of blood vessels, which subsequently lead to chills. Such an indisposition is extremely difficult for kids to endure. Therefore, at the first signs of the disease, all measures should be taken to eliminate white fever and transfer it to pink. By the way, the latter condition is characterized by active heat transfer, as a result of which the risk of overheating of the patient is significantly reduced.

White fever in a child: symptoms

Experts have identified three stages of this condition. According to them, they proceed according to certain symptom complexes.

Treatment of the patient should be prescribed only by an experienced pediatrician, in accordance with all febrile manifestations.

White fever in a child proceeds as follows:

• The baby quickly rises in body temperature.
• Heat levels are stabilizing.
• Body temperature drops sharply or gradually decreases to normal values.

Other signs

The baby also exhibits the following symptoms:

• signs of apathy;
• lack of appetite;
• synchronous vasodilation;
• dehydration and arrhythmia;
• pale skin;
• labored breathing;
• lips with a hint of cyanosis;
• cold feet and hands.

It should be especially noted that white fever in a child is not a disease, it is a symptom of an illness that needs to be treated.

The identified signs indicate the activation of immunological protection, which is typical for a healthy organism. Through such mechanisms, early treatment by folding a foreign protein.

It cannot be said that, at elevated temperature body quite quickly and successfully begins a kind of preventing the reproduction of all pathogenic microorganisms and foreign viruses. After this, spontaneous inhibition of their vital activity occurs, and then the attenuation of the activity of inflammatory foci.

Causes

Why does white fever occur in a child? The reasons for this condition may be different.

If a baby up to three months of age suffers from such a condition, then this can be a rather severe infection. In this case, hospitalization of the child and inpatient observation is necessary.

Other probable causes

Why can a child develop white fever? Komarovsky E. O. suggests that such a condition may be associated with:

• virus infection;
• acute period of infection;
• the first day of the onset of acute respiratory diseases (including the upper respiratory tract);
• insufficient and inadequate treatment of microbial or bacterial infection of the systems of the child's body;
• somatic acute and chronic diseases baby.

It should also be said that, for medical reasons, such a fever can be a harbinger of pharyngitis, rhinitis, bacterial diseases such as otitis media, pneumonia, tonsillitis, inflammation of the middle ear or adenoiditis.

How to diagnose?

There are many ways to diagnose the disease that causes white fever. To do this, you should contact an experienced pediatrician.

Rubella, meningococcemia, scarlet fever, allergic reactions on antipyretic drugs, the baby may develop a rash.

Causes of a feverish state, which are accompanied by catarrhal syndrome, can be rhinitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, bacterial inflammation in the middle ear, severe forms pneumonia and sinusitis.

From streptococcal and viral tonsillitis, as well as infectious mononucleosis and scarlet fever, fever almost always occurs, accompanied by tonsillitis.

At obstructive bronchitis, laryngitis, bronchiolitis, asthma attacks and inspiratory dyspnea fever manifests itself with difficulty breathing.

A similar condition of a small patient may occur due to brain disorders in encephalitis and meningitis.

Acute intestinal infections are fairly easy to diagnose if the baby has diarrhea and fever.

If your child has a stomach ache, fever, and constant vomiting, then these conditions may be associated with a urinary tract infection or inflamed appendicitis.

In arthritis, rheumatism, and urticaria, along with white fever, there is painful damage to the joints.

If the cause of the fever is any serious illness, and your child has become too irritable and sleepy, then you should immediately consult a doctor. The same applies to symptoms such as impaired consciousness, unwillingness to take fluid, hypo- and hyperventilation of the lungs.

White fever in a child: what to do?

If your baby has a high temperature, and also has a fever, then he should be calmed immediately. The child needs to be explained that he should not be afraid, feel a sense of panic and fear. Experts recommend telling the baby that it is in this way that the protective reactions of his body are activated. Thanks to the fever and elevated body temperature, viruses and infections will go away very soon.

Before the doctor examines your baby, he should provide plenty of fluids. For this, warm fruit drinks, herbal decoctions, compotes and juices are ideal. Wiping the body with a damp sponge is also very effective.

After wiping, as well as fanning the patient, he should be well covered with a not very thick linen diaper. Also Special attention should be given to the nutrition of the baby. Fever should not lead to the exhaustion of the child and the exhaustion of his strength.

The food prepared by you should please the patient, but at the same time be quickly digested and be light.

Medications

How is white fever eliminated in a child? The treatment for this condition depends on the disease. If during the diagnosis process the baby was diagnosed with a bacterial infection, then he is prescribed an antibiotic. In this case, antipyretic drugs are not used. This is due to the fact that they can mask the lack of results of antibiotic therapy.

If the doctor nevertheless prescribed, then they should be chosen very carefully. Preference should be given to those drugs that are harmless to the child's body, and not strong and effective. After all, the stronger the drug, the more toxic it is. You should also pay attention to how convenient it is to use.

The most popular antipyretic drugs today are such medicines as: Efferalgan, Paracetamol, Nurofen, Panadol and others.

Before giving the drug to the patient, be sure to read the instructions, as well as set its dosage. By the way, very often a measuring cup or a spoon is attached to children's medicines. Such devices have a gradation scale, which greatly facilitates the calculation of the dosage.

Fever continues to be one of the leading causes of emergency medical care in pediatric practice.

It is noted that fever in children is not only one of the most frequent reasons for visiting a doctor, but also the main reason for the uncontrolled use of various drugs. At the same time, various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (salicylates, pyrazolone and para-aminophenol derivatives) have traditionally been used as antipyretic drugs for many years. However, in the late 70s, convincing evidence appeared that the use of derivatives salicylic acid with viral infections in children, it may be accompanied by the development of Reye's syndrome. Given that Reye's syndrome is characterized by an extremely unfavorable prognosis (mortality up to 80%, a high risk of developing serious neurological and cognitive impairment in survivors), in the United States in the early 80s, it was decided to ban the use of salicylates in children with influenza, SARS and chicken pox. In addition, all over-the-counter drugs containing salicylates began to be labeled with a warning text that their use in children with influenza and chickenpox can lead to the development of Reye's syndrome. All this contributed to a significant reduction in the incidence of Reye's syndrome in the United States. So, if before the restriction of the use of aspirin in children (in 1980) 555 cases were registered this disease, then already in 1987 - only 36, and in 1997 - only 2 cases of Reye's syndrome. At the same time, data on serious side and undesirable effects of other antipyretics were accumulating. Thus, amidopyrine, often used by pediatricians in the past decades, was also excluded from the nomenclature due to its high toxicity. medicines. Convincing evidence that analgin (dipirone, metamizole) can adversely affect Bone marrow, inhibiting hematopoiesis, up to the development of fatal agranulocytosis, contributed to a sharp restriction of its use in medical practice in many countries of the world.

A serious analysis of the results of scientific studies on the comparative efficacy and safety of various antipyretic analgesics in children has led to a significant reduction in antipyretic drugs approved for use in pediatric practice. Currently, only paracetamol and ibuprofen are officially recommended for use in children with fever as safe and effective antipyretic drugs. However, despite the clear recommendations of the World Health Organization on the selection and use of antipyretics for fever in children, domestic pediatricians still often continue to use acetylsalicylic acid and analgin.

Development of a fever
Before the active introduction of antipyretic and antibacterial agents into medical practice, the analysis of the features of the course of a febrile reaction played an important diagnostic and prognostic value. At the same time, specific features of fever were identified in many infectious diseases (typhoid fever, malaria, typhus, etc.). At the same time, S.P. Botkin, back in 1885, drew attention to the conventionality and abstractness of the average characteristics of fever. In addition, it is imperative to take into account the fact that the nature of the fever depends not only on the pathogenicity, pyrogenicity of the pathogen and the massiveness of its invasion or the severity of aseptic inflammation processes, but also on the individual age and constitutional characteristics of the patient's reactivity, his background conditions.

Fever is usually assessed by the degree of increase in body temperature, the duration of the febrile period and the nature of the temperature curve:

Depending on the degree of temperature rise:

Depending on the duration of the febrile period:

It should be noted that at present, due to the widespread use of etiotropic (antibacterial) and symptomatic (antipyretic) drugs, it is already on early dates infectious disease, typical temperature curves are rarely seen in practice.

Clinical variants of fever and its biological significance
When analyzing the temperature reaction, it is very important not only to assess the magnitude of its rise, duration and fluctuations, but to compare this with the child's condition and the clinical manifestations of the disease. This will not only significantly facilitate the diagnostic search, but will also allow you to choose the right tactics for monitoring and treating the patient, which will ultimately determine the prognosis of the disease.

Particular attention should be paid to the clinical equivalents of the conformity of heat transfer processes elevated level heat production, because depending on the individual features and background conditions fever, even with the same level of hyperthermia, in children can proceed differently.

Allocate "pink" and "pale" fever options. If, with an increase in body temperature, heat transfer corresponds to heat production, then this indicates an adequate course of fever. Clinically, this manifests itself "pink" fever. At the same time, normal behavior and satisfactory well-being of the child are observed, the skin is pink or moderately hyperemic, moist and warm to the touch. This is a prognostically favorable variant of fever.

The absence of sweating in a child with pink skin and fever should be alarming in terms of suspicion of severe dehydration due to vomiting, diarrhea.

In the case when, with an increase in body temperature, heat transfer due to a significant violation of peripheral circulation is inadequate to heat production, fever acquires an inadequate course. The above is observed in another variant - "pale" fever. Clinically, there is a violation of the condition and well-being of the child, chills, pallor, marbling, dryness. skin, acrocyanosis, cold feet and hands, tachycardia. These clinical manifestations indicate a prognostically unfavorable course of fever and are a direct indication of the need to provide emergency care.

One of clinical options unfavorable course of fever is hyperthermia syndrome. The symptoms of this pathological condition were first described in 1922. (L. Ombredanne, 1922).

In children early age the development of hyperthermic syndrome in the vast majority of cases is due to infectious inflammation, accompanied by toxicosis. The development of fever against the background of acute microcirculatory metabolic disorders underlying toxicosis (spasm followed by capillary dilatation, arteriovenous shunting, platelet and erythrocyte slugging, increasing metabolic acidosis, hypoxia and hypercapnia, transmineralization, etc.) leads to aggravation of the pathological process. There is a decompensation of thermoregulation with a sharp increase in heat production, inadequately reduced heat transfer and the absence of the effect of antipyretic drugs.

Hyperthermic syndrome, in contrast to adequate ("favorable", "pink") fever, requires urgent use of complex emergency therapy.
As a rule, with hyperthemic syndrome, there is an increase in temperature to high numbers (39-39.50 C and above). However, it should be remembered that the basis for distinguishing the hyperthemic syndrome as a separate variant of the temperature reaction is not the degree of increase in body temperature to specific numbers, but clinical features fever course. This is due to the fact that, depending on the individual age and premorbital characteristics of children, concomitant diseases, the same level of hyperthermia can be observed with different options fever course. At the same time, the determining factor during fever is not the degree of hyperthermia, but the adequacy of thermoregulation - the correspondence of heat transfer processes to the level of heat production.

In this way, hyperthemic syndrome should be considered a pathological variant of fever, in which there is a rapid and inadequate increase in body temperature, accompanied by impaired microcirculation, metabolic disorders and progressively increasing dysfunction of vital organs and systems.

In general, the biological significance of fever is to increase the body's natural reactivity. An increase in body temperature leads to an increase in the intensity of phagocytosis, an increase in the synthesis of interferon, an increase in the transformation of lymphocytes and stimulation of antibody genesis. Elevated body temperature prevents the reproduction of many microorganisms (cocci, spirochetes, viruses).

However, fever, like any non-specific protective-adaptive reaction, with the depletion of compensatory mechanisms or with a hyperthermic variant, can be the cause of the development of severe pathological conditions.

It should be noted that individual factors of aggravated premorbite can have a significant impact on the development of adverse effects of fever. Thus, in children with serious diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems fever can lead to the development of decompensation of these systems. In children with CNS pathology (perinatal encephalopathy, hematoliquor disorders syndrome, epilepsy, etc.), fever can provoke the development of an attack of convulsions. Not less than importance for the development of pathological conditions with fever, the age of the child also plays. The younger the child, the more dangerous for him is a rapid and significant rise in temperature due to the high risk of developing progressive metabolic disorders, cerebral edema of transmineralization and impaired vital functions.

Differential Diagnosis pathological conditions accompanied by fever.
An increase in body temperature is a nonspecific symptom that occurs with numerous diseases and pathological conditions. When conducting differential diagnosis, it is necessary to pay attention to:

On the subject of fever, we still have some of the questions left to discuss. They are relevant and also require attention, a detailed analysis of the actions of parents and first aid methods, further tactics, as well as a way to prevent complications. One of the most unpleasant with fever is chills, subjectively unpleasant feeling cold and discomfort.

What to do with chills?

Chills in a child may indicate an increase in temperature in various diseases, and to make sure of this, it is worth measuring the baby's body temperature in the usual ways. That is, chills indicate the formation of such a thing as pale fever. It is worth remembering that the course of pale fever can be quite severe and prolonged, while this type of fever is difficult to tolerate by a child or adult, especially with influenza, childhood infections or SARS. Signs of the development of precisely the white type of fever are usually called signs such as the condition of the child close to severe or moderate, however, the child is conscious, if the condition is distinguished from febrile convulsions of infants.

The child in delirium tremens and chills shivers, is very chilly, complains of being cold, and in young children the equivalent of this condition is great restlessness. On the skin of children, signs of goose bumps and marbling of the skin are clearly visible. The kid tries to take the fetal position, curls up under the covers, does not warm up. The skin is very pale, warm or hot, dry to the touch, but the hands and feet feel very cold, icy and dry. The level of body temperature can vary from a very low temperature to 38.1 degrees, to very high numbers of 39.1 and above. The long course of the white variant of the fever is very difficult for the baby to tolerate, in contrast to the pink variant of the fever. This type of fever with chills is considered unfavorable for the prognosis and course of the disease, in terms of complications and is difficult to treat. medical care. But, the development of chills and fever is not a reason for panic, if everything is done correctly and in a timely manner.

First of all, when helping a child, you need to try to improve the baby's well-being by methods and techniques for relieving peripheral spasm of the subcutaneous vessels, which is characteristic of the pale type of fever. You can apply covering the baby with a warm blanket or blanket, warm water bottles or heating pads can be applied to the icy legs and brushes, or you can rub or massage the feet and hands until they warm up. In parallel with this, it is necessary to give the child an antipyretic agent based on paracetamol or ibuprofen.

If the child does not feel well with pale fever, the temperature rises to 38.5-39.5 and above, if repeated episodes of pronounced manifestations of pale fever occur during the illness, then along with antipyretic drugs, the child should be given additional drugs to relieve vasospasm microvasculature. Usually, "No-shpu" or "Papaverine" is used for this, having discussed the dosage for your child by age with the doctor. Sometimes only an antipyretic drug without a vascular one, with this type of fever, may not be effective. However, it is worth remembering that such antispasmodic drugs can be given to children with fever only with full confidence that the child has no signs surgical pathology and no complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, etc. Otherwise, the combination of these drugs will mask the symptoms and delay the onset of the necessary treatment.

As the condition improves, about twenty minutes after performing all these actions, the signs of a pale type of fever should pass and transform into a pink type of fever, but the thermometer values ​​\u200b\u200bmay even increase - do not be alarmed, this is normal, which means that with a fever the body began to radiate heat to the environment. However, despite the temperature, the general condition of the baby should become better, then you can open the child and remove extra clothes from him if he is not cold. It is necessary to reduce the temperature with a pale fever smoothly and slowly, within three hours, you do not need to strive to bring it down to normal, you need it to drop below 38.0 degrees. And it is categorically impossible to use external methods of cooling with a pale type of fever with chills - this will only worsen the condition and lead to more serious consequences.

I remind you once again that the main task of all our actions in case of fever is to improve the general condition of the child and his well-being, while it is necessary to achieve a decrease in temperature, but this does not have to be the normal limit. You can quite comfortably lower the temperature to 38.1-38.4 degrees and at the same time continue to let the body's defenses work on their own in the fight against the disease. That is, there is no need to strive at all costs to lower the temperature to 36.6 degrees, it is not the high temperature itself that is being treated, the disease that provoked such high numbers of fever is being treated.

When taking antipyretic drugs, their effects can be assessed no earlier than two hours later, and with a pale type of fever, you can wait three hours - this is a normal reaction of the body to the drug. Of course, most drugs will begin to gradually act within half an hour, but the maximum concentration of the drug and its effect is not achieved immediately. Do not panic. If after half an hour there is still no effect, do not give extra drugs- let the body start working. The feverish state will begin to decline at the moment when the peak concentration of the drug coincides with the peak increase in the child's body temperature, that is, when the most basic antipyretic effect of the drug comes directly. It is also worth remembering that at the stage of pale fever or in the process of awakening or falling asleep the baby will also have a somewhat delayed effect, this physiological features metabolism.

After taking the drugs, you should not immediately rush to measure the temperature and evaluate the effect, measure the temperature after two to three hours - then the picture of the treatment will be the most objective. Compare the measurement data earlier, before taking the drug, and those obtained after two hours have passed, there should be a trend in lowering the temperature. It is very good if the temperature dropped below the mark of 38.0 degrees. But it will be quite good if the fever has decreased by 0.5-1 degree. This is also a positive trend. It is necessary to start from the initial numbers of fever, and not from normal values. Therefore, when a child has a temperature, do not panic, do not smack the fever and do not stuff the child with antipyretics every hour - do not lead to a state of overdose and then to severe hypothermia. This will confuse both you and your doctor, and will give you the feeling that the drugs "do not help you at all."

So, you gave the child an antipyretic drug, his general condition improved, the temperature began to drop to 38.5-38.0 degrees. And then the question arises, what to do next? For some reason, basically everyone tells how to bring down the high temperature and stop there, but the disease has not yet passed, and the child is still feverish. After all, you need to be treated further, and do it right. First of all, it is necessary to continue monitoring the child's condition and fever figures, you need to measure the temperature two or three times a day, if you suspect a jump in fever, take the temperature additionally. There is no need to wrap up the child and let him sweat; with a fever in children, overheating is no less dangerous than freezing.

You should not walk with him while the baby is in a fever, especially if it is hot, windy or cold, raining outside. But if it’s warm and the condition allows, you can go out for a breath of fresh air for about fifteen minutes. If a child asks for food, feed him according to his appetite; if he refuses to eat, you can only give the child sweet drinks, sweet tea with lemon, herbal teas, juices, compotes. You need to drink a lot and actively so that the baby can actively urinate. Be sure to consult a doctor to find out the causes of the fever and prescribe a full treatment for the causes of the fever.

If the temperature does not drop?

If after two or three hours the fever does not go away after taking the first antipyretic drug, it is worth repeating the drug, the same or another. For example, after "Paracetamol" give "Nurofen". It is necessary to carefully and correctly measure the temperature and evaluate its dynamics, and if the temperature does not decrease or rises, it is necessary to call a doctor or " ambulance"if the child feels very ill. Before the arrival of the doctors, calm the child and carry out all the previously agreed activities, be prepared for the fact that when high temperature and suspicion of infection, you can be hospitalized in a hospital, collect your belongings and documents. Tomorrow we'll talk about special types fevers in various pathologies and diseases.