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Diarrhea is a stool disorder that develops against the background of pathological processes in the body. Often accompanied by severe spasmodic pain. The problem is typical for older people. Diarrhea in an elderly person for a long time is a consequence age-related changes in the body, which can be corrected in various ways.

Causes of persistent diarrhea in the elderly

Age weakens the body and reduces the performance of its basic processes. Decreased enzymatic activity digestive system decrease in the number of taste buds old man to compensate for the sensations, he begins to consume too salty, spicy foods and a large amount of sweets.

The cause of indigestion may be hiding in one of the following points:

• ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease;
• long-term use of antibacterial agents, other drugs;
• violation of personal hygiene;
• reaction to complications in the course of endocrine diseases, to diabetes mellitus;
• poor quality food;
• stress, psychological stress;
• absence of teeth.

Overview of Effective Diarrhea Remedies

Diarrhea in the elderly, which is of a protracted nature, is treatable. But before prescribing drugs, it is necessary to undergo a general medical examination. This will help identify a disease that causes a disorder in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. In accordance with the results obtained, an individual therapeutic regimen is developed, taking into account many factors. When choosing funds, only one point remains common - ensuring that a sufficient level of fluid enters the body. Loose stools can lead to dehydration!

Pharmacy preparations

In old age, it is especially important to maintain a water-salt balance. The best remedy replenish the lost fluid and minerals (sodium, potassium, chlorine) - taking the drug Regidron. It is available in the form of a powder for the preparation of a solution. Reception is constant, with an interval of 2 hours.

Regidron can be replaced with Citroglucosolan.

Restoration of the lost fluid and important microelements should be continued until the complete cessation of diarrhea, otherwise the patient is in danger of severe dehydration. It is important to drink plenty of water - compotes and juices are not able to make up for the lack of fluid.

It is recommended to stop diarrheal syndrome with the help of sorbents that bind toxins, microbes, bacteria, prevent their penetration into the blood and remove them naturally along with stool. The most effective are Smecta, Polyphepan, Activated carbon, Polysorb. It is impossible to take medicines all the time, together with harmful substances they remove important and useful vitamins and micronutrients. This is a temporary measure!

If an elderly person suffers from diarrhea due to cancer, sorbents are not prescribed, they therapeutic effect won't help you recover.

home methods

Medication is a common treatment for diarrhea in the elderly. But any medical drug has side effects and has a list of contraindications. If the patient is bedridden, who has had a stroke, there are problems with the functioning of the liver, kidneys, etc., alternative therapy is often used to restore health.

Basic Rules:

1. On the first day after the appearance of signs of intestinal upset, pure water, compote, jelly, tea and pharmacy solutions are allowed to restore the water-salt balance.
2. On the second day, the diet includes one product or dish that can be easily digested and not cause gas formation - a baked apple, homemade crackers, mashed potatoes, rice or oatmeal porridge, boiled vegetables.


3. Starting from the fourth or fifth day, you can add chicken or rabbit to the menu. Steam or boil.
4. Further, the list is replenished with soups on vegetable broth. It is acceptable to use white meat (turkey, skinless chicken). Be sure to cook the meat broth on the second water, that is, the first is drained after boiling.
5. Gradually, dairy products can be included in the list of dishes. Only natural cottage cheese, yogurt, sourdough kefir for home cooking is allowed. Each name is added after a certain period of time - 1-2 days. This is necessary for the stomach to get used to the new food. A rapid change in diet will disturb the stool and cause uncontrollable severe diarrhea.

An old man may suffer from diarrhea for a long time due to eating fresh milk, raw fruits and vegetables, fatty and fried foods. It is forbidden to use spices and spices when cooking and eating, they irritate the stomach and from their use an unstable bowel movement, vomiting can begin.

The old man must be kept under strict control. Treatment, diet prescribed by a doctor.

Folk remedies

Old age is a difficult period of life, numerous problems with health can interfere with recovery from illness and complicate the course of each other. To enhance the therapeutic effect of drugs, diet effectively use the treatment of diarrhea folk remedies. There are many healthy recipes among which the most popular are the following:

• rice broth. In 0.5 l clean water pour 1.5 tsp. rice groats. Put the container on a slow fire. Cook for 30-40 minutes, stirring regularly. Pass the finished mass through a sieve and drink 50 ml every 2-3 hours. It is permissible to treat bedridden patients in this way. They must be carefully watered with a teaspoon;
• oak bark. Dry raw materials in the amount of 1 tbsp. 200 ml of boiling water is steamed and infused for several hours. Pass the finished herbal infusion through a strainer and take 5-10 ml at intervals of 2-3 hours. It is allowed to drink no more than 250 ml of medicine per day;
• strawberry leaves help eliminate discomfort in the intestines and gently act on the senile body, without causing adverse reactions. To prepare the infusion, crushed leaves (1 tablespoon) are used, which are steamed with 200 ml of boiling water. The drink is infused for 20 minutes, cleaned of raw materials and taken every hour, 50 ml, until uncontrolled diarrhea stops;
• sage. Good for the intestines herb. Restores the microflora, the imbalance of which is the main cause of diarrhea in the elderly, eliminates loose stools. The medicine is prepared from 300 ml of water and 1 tbsp. raw materials. Before connecting the components, the water must be boiled. Infuse the herb in a thermos for a couple of hours, then pass through a sieve. Drink in small portions throughout the day;
• infusion on bird mountain. To prepare the infusion, you need 1 dessert spoon of herbs and 200 ml of boiling water. Pour boiling water over raw materials and cook for 5 minutes. Remove from stove, wait for it to cool completely and strain. Use every half an hour for 1 tbsp until the age-related failure of the intestines stops.

When to see a doctor

Medical care is needed for an elderly person if, in addition to loose stools, he has the following symptoms:

1. Spasms, cramps in the intestines or stomach.
2. Lack of appetite.
3. Bloating.
4. Dryness of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity.
5. Change in color of urine.
6. Nausea and vomiting.
7. Increased fatigue, weakness throughout the body.

In order not to miss the development serious illness, you should immediately consult a doctor when the first non-specific symptom from the list appears. Specialists who can help are a gastroenterologist, a therapist. If an elderly person has an increase in body temperature, there are streaks of blood in the feces during a bowel movement, there are complaints about severe pain, immediately call an ambulance. The body of an old man, like a child, has a minimum margin of safety; a sharp deterioration in well-being can be followed by death.

Qualified assistance and constant monitoring by caregivers is required for people who have incontinence during illness, that is, involuntary uncontrolled release of feces. It is important to correctly diagnose, determine the cause of the problem.

Possible complications and prevention

A dangerous and serious complication of diarrhea in the elderly is dehydration, which leads to a rapid loss of fluid, important systems and organs begin to function intermittently. An old person is often weakened by diseases, the loss of water, important trace elements can cause complications incompatible with life. If there is a sharp decrease in blood pressure, loss of skin tone, retraction of the eye sockets, a decrease in the frequency of urination, dryness of the mucous membrane of the mouth and lips, then urgently need to take all measures to replenish the water-salt balance.

In bedridden patients, due to prolonged diarrhea, reduced tissue trophism, irritation of the anal region occurs. Damage can be prevented with the help of hygiene procedures, antiseptics and regenerating ointments.

Remember that an elderly person needs timely, complete medical care.

The environment has a negative impact on the health of the elderly. A weakened body is susceptible to new products, low-quality food, additives, preservatives, drugs, often reacting to them with an upset gastrointestinal tract. Any failure indicates a problem in the body, do not ignore diarrhea. Prolonged diarrhea due to unknown causes requires careful examination and adequate treatment with traditional medicine, diet and folk recipes. Only a combination of different methods will bring the desired results.

toxicos.ru

diet for diarrhea in adults

How to alleviate the condition:

• drink 8 to 10 glasses of water daily;
• drink at least 1 glass of liquid each time after a liquid bowel movement;
• eat often and in small portions throughout the day, instead of 3 times;
• Eat some salty foods like crackers, soup, and sports drinks
• Eat some foods high in potassium, such as bananas, peeled potatoes, and drink fruit juices.

The diet and menu for diarrhea in adults consists of the following principles:

1. You can eat baked or fried beef, pork, chicken, fish, or turkey. Cooked eggs can also be used as food. Use only skim milk, cheese or yogurt.
2. If you have very severe diarrhea, you may need to stop eating or drinking dairy for a few days.
3. Eat refined white flour baked goods, pasta, white rice, and cereals such as semolina, wheat, barley, oats, and corn. You can also eat pancakes and waffles made with white wheat or corn flour. But don't add too much honey or sugar.
4. You should eat vegetables, including carrots, green beans, mushrooms, beets, asparagus, squash, and pumpkin. It is best to consume vegetables after cooking. Potatoes are best used in baked form.

Foods and drinks that are best avoided and excluded from the diet for diarrhea in an adult:

1. You should avoid eating fried and fatty foods.
2. Avoid fruits and vegetables as they can cause gas. Example: broccoli and peppers, beans and peas, berries and prunes, chickpeas, greens leafy vegetables and corn.
3. Avoid caffeine, alcohol and carbonated drinks.
4. Limit or eliminate milk and other dairy products if they worsen bowel symptoms or cause flatulence and bloating.

Medlineplus.gov

Menu for the elderly

Dietary guidelines for diarrhea in the elderly include avoiding solids and fermented milk products, replenishment of water and electrolyte losses, using pectin and probiotics.

www.livestrong.com

Nutrition for diarrhea in children

Children with diarrhea may be less energetic, with dry eyes or a dry, sticky mouth. In infants, the diaper stays dry longer than usual.

Give your child plenty of fluids for the first 4-6 hours. First, 2 tablespoons of liquid every 30-60 minutes. You can use an over-the-counter drink like Pedialyte or Infalyte that doesn't need to be diluted. Other suitable liquid may be given.

When the child is already eating regular food, you should start by eating the following foods:

• bananas;
• chicken meat;
• crackers;
• pasta;
• rice.

From the menu it is necessary to exclude:

• Apple juice;
• dairy;
• fried food;
• concentrated fruit juice.

Medlineplus.gov

Eat with IBS - irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea

Diet and lifestyle changes are important in reducing the frequency and severity of the syndrome's symptoms.

The first thing a doctor might suggest is to keep a food diary. This will help you figure out which foods are causing your symptoms.

Limit foods that contain ingredients that can stimulate the intestines and cause IBS:

• caffeine;
• alcohol;
• dairy;
• fatty food;
• foods high in sugar;
• artificial sweeteners (sorbitol and xylitol);
• Some vegetables (cabbage and legumes).

Other recommendations for irritable bowel syndrome:

1. Drink plenty of water and avoid carbonated drinks, which can cause flatulence and discomfort.
2. Eat small meals and slowly to help reduce cramps and diarrhea.
3. Eat low-fat, high-carb foods such as pasta, rice, and whole grain bread.
4. Probiotic supplements can help relieve other symptoms, including abdominal pain, bloating, and bowel problems.

How to improve your diet after diarrhea

No one can live on a strict BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce and toast), at some point you will need to expand your diet.

It is not necessary to follow the three meals a day regimen. If you feel hungry, then you can start eating. Consider a sample menu.

Breakfast and diet after diarrhea in adults:

• rice flakes;
• eggs (cooked with a minimum amount of oil);
• oatmeal or other hot boiled cereals;
• plain, low-fat yogurt;
• rice cakes.

• canned fish;
• chicken bouillon;
• chicken noodle soup;
• chicken breast;
• crackers;
• pasta;
• egg white sandwich (chicken or turkey);
• vegetable soup.

• potatoes (baked, mashed or steamed);
• lean meat (chicken, turkey);
• vegetable stew.

www.verywell.com

What to eat with a disorder after antibiotics

Antibiotics are usually prescribed to fight bacterial infections, but you may experience diarrhea after taking the medicine as a side effect of antibiotics. The drugs work by killing or reducing the growth of certain bacteria that make people sick.

However, they can also kill good or beneficial bacteria in the intestinal system, it can upset the delicate balance in your gut. The normal intestinal flora is disturbed and this can lead to diarrhea.

Any antibiotic can give you diarrhea, but broad-spectrum antibiotics are more likely to do so, such as clindamycin, some types of penicillin, and cephalosporins.

If you are taking an antibiotic, consider changing your diet for just a few days. Eliminate foods that commonly cause diarrhea, such as dairy products, fatty foods, spicy, and high-fiber foods such as whole grain breads, cereals, and beans.

You should also drink water in small sips and avoid caffeine and alcohol. If antibiotic-associated stool symptoms are severe, your doctor may recommend bed rest and intravenous fluids to replace lost electrolytes—sodium, potassium, and chloride.

The probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus, found in some brands of yogurt, helps reduce antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adults. Probiotics are also found in miso and other fermented foods. Probiotic supplements are sold in pharmacies and health food stores in liquid, powder, and capsule forms.

Diet adjustments can help you avoid or relieve diarrhea symptoms until you finish your course of antibiotics. Drink water to replenish fluid waste.

www.everydayhealth.com

We limit the diet for intestinal colitis with diarrhea

Diet therapy for inflammation of the large intestine with symptoms of stool disorder is similar to nutritional therapy for nonspecific ulcerative colitis.

Its principles are to adequately and safely reduce plant fiber in the daily diet.

The diet includes:

• dairy;
• grain processing products;
• meat and other proteins;
• fruit;
• vegetables;
• fats and sauces.

www.healthline.com

Effective treatment for diarrhea

Most cases of diarrhea resolve within a few days without treatment. If lifestyle changes and home remedies for diarrhea don't work, your doctor may recommend medications or other treatments.

Fluid replacement treatment. Your doctor will advise you to replenish fluids and electrolytes. For most adults, this means drinking water, juice or broth. If drinking itself is causing an upset stomach or loose stools, your doctor may recommend replacing fluids through a vein in your arm (intravenously).

Water - good way replace fluids, but it does not contain salts and electrolytes, which are necessary to maintain electrical potentials that ensure a constant heartbeat and the work of all body systems.

You can help maintain electrolyte levels by drinking fruit juices to compensate for potassium losses, and by eating soups and broths to compensate for sodium depletion. Some fruit juices, such as apple juice, may make diarrhea worse.

Children are best served with oral rehydration solutions such as Pedialyte to prevent dehydration or replace lost fluids.

Treatment of the underlying disease. If your diarrhea is caused by more than serious illness such as inflammatory bowel disease, then therapy will be directed at treating the underlying pathology. You can contact the right specialist, such as a gastroenterologist, who can help develop a personalized treatment plan.

www.mayoclinic.org

We eat with nonspecific ulcerative colitis with diarrhea

For many people with ulcerative colitis finding the right diet plan is the key to eliminating its main symptoms: bowel disorders and pain. If you don't eat certain foods that you think make your symptoms worse, pay attention to how you feel.

There are certain products that should definitely be excluded. This is a low-fiber food, also known as a low-fiber diet. Such a diet is especially useful when symptoms worsen.

Low-fiber foods are easy to digest, slow down intestinal motility and reduce stool upset. The diet includes many of the foods you normally eat while keeping your fiber intake at around 10-15 grams per day.

The body will continue to receive the required amount of proteins and minerals, as well as the fluids and salts that it needs. Because chronic diarrhea and rectal bleeding can lead to certain nutrient and mineral deficiencies, a doctor may recommend adding a multivitamin to supplement the diet, depending on individual needs.

Keep in mind that some of these foods can still aggravate symptoms, so you may need to make some adjustments of your own:

1. Dairy. Up to 2 glasses of milk, cottage cheese, pudding or yogurt per day
2. Corn. Refined white bread, pasta, crackers, and dry cereals that contain less than 1/2 gram of fiber per serving.
3. Meat and other proteins. Soft and tender boiled meats such as poultry, eggs, pork, and fish; soft peanut and nut butter.
4. Fruit. fruit juices without pulp. Canned fruits and apples, excluding pineapples. Raw and ripe bananas, melon, watermelon, plums, peaches and apricots.
5. Vegetables. Raw lettuce and cucumbers, zucchini and onions; boiled spinach, pumpkin and seedless squash, carrots, eggplant, potatoes, and green and wax beans.
6. Fats and sauces. Butter and margarine, mayonnaise and vegetable oils, mild sauces (not tomato) and seasonings, as well as whipped cream.

www.healthline.com

zemed.ru

What is the danger of diarrhea?

People usually forget that with diarrhea in an adult there is a danger of a negative outcome, up to death. The condition is considered habitual, everyday. It takes a couple of days not to eat for everything to return to normal.

But this approach is fundamentally wrong. Diarrhea is dangerous and can cause:

1. Dehydration. The main danger that especially threatens young children and the elderly. Signs of dehydration are weakness, loss of appetite, dizziness. When the tongue becomes dry, it begins to double in the eyes and it becomes difficult to stand, it's time to call an ambulance.
2. Dysbacteriosis. In a few days, diarrhea will wash out most of the beneficial intestinal bacteria from the body and, as a result, the stool will be completely upset.
3. Exhaustion. Along with diarrhea, useful substances that all organs need also leave the body.

In addition, diarrhea can be a symptom not of a simple poisoning, but of a serious disease such as an infectious lesion of the body or a malignant tumor in the intestines. Therefore, nutrition for intestinal upset is not a panacea. In the following cases, you need to consult a doctor:

• if after a few days of self-treatment the diarrhea did not stop;
• if the disease accompanies a rise in temperature to thirty-eight degrees;
• if the stool is red, indicating intestinal bleeding;
• if the stool is colored black, which indicates gastric bleeding;
• if diarrhea is accompanied by pains in the abdomen;
• if diarrhea is accompanied by nausea and vomiting, which indicates severe poisoning;
• if after a while there is weakness, dizziness, headaches, which indicates the onset of exhaustion and dehydration.

Also, you should not self-medicate if diarrhea occurs in a baby under three years old or in an elderly person. The risk of developing complications is too great.

General diet rules

Diet for diarrhea should follow the rules:

1. Meals six times a day. This reduces the load on the gastrointestinal tract and allows the patient not to feel hungry.
2. Limitation of thermal stimuli. Not hot or cold food that is easy to take into the mouth without experiencing discomfort.
3. Limitation of chemical irritants. Food that does not cause fermentation and decay processes, which does not provoke increased production gastric juice.
4. Limitation of mechanical stimuli. No fried, salty, peppery hard foods that are hard to digest. Less dietary fiber, which requires tension from the intestines. Less meat - it is difficult to digest.
5. Proper drinking regime. The main danger of diarrhea is dehydration, so you need to ensure that you drink at least two liters of water a day.
6. The correct ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, as well as energy value. It is necessary to reduce the calorie content of food along with the content of fats and carbohydrates in it. The amount of proteins in this case does not need to be reduced.

General rules apply to elderly patients, although they have their own specifics. But babies need a completely different approach.

List of allowed products

With diarrhea in an adult, the diet should be as light as possible, and at the same time strengthen the body.

In addition to permitted foods, there are also permitted drinks that you can drink with diarrhea. Among them:

• ordinary water - filtered, boiled or bought in a store (you can drink non-carbonated mineral water indicated for gastritis);
• weak black tea - strengthens, but sugar cannot be added to it;
• compotes and juices - apple juices help best, but citrus, tomato and pineapple fruits only cause more irritation;
• jelly - has an astringent effect, and therefore is useful.

The menu for diarrhea does not have to be varied, but it should be healthy and supportive. It is important to monitor the reaction of the body - if any of the permitted products, for example, porridge on the water, causes an increase in diarrhea, it must be excluded.

List of prohibited products

There is a whole list of foods that need to be excluded from the diet for a while.

You can also not drink carbonated drinks, sour juices, kvass and, of course, alcohol.

You can not eat fatty foods, fry food until crispy.

The result of non-compliance with the diet is usually a worsening of the condition.

Features of nutrition of children and the elderly

Nutrition in children older than three years is based on the same principles as the nutrition of adult patients. The younger ones require a special approach:

• babies on breastfeeding continue to feed on mother's milk, but the breast is offered to them on demand to avoid dehydration;
• formula-fed babies are fed in the same order as usual, but they are additionally prescribed drugs with bifidobacteria.

  The nutrition of a child with diarrhea, if he is younger than a year, does not play a significant role. On the very first day, you need to consult a pediatrician and start treatment, since there is very little chance that the baby “just ate something wrong” - rather, he is sick.

• children under three years of age, but already out of infancy - should eat fractionally, six times a day, mostly grated cereals and mucous soups, until the symptoms subside.

Nutrition for diarrhea in the elderly should be based on the same principles, but keep in mind that:

• with old age, the body weakens, therefore, the diet for diarrhea should be especially balanced, and the water regime should be observed especially carefully;
• with old age, the intestines begin to work worse, because foods that were previously digested normally become the cause of diarrhea - you need to get used to it and cross them out of use.

In older people, diarrhea is often a symptom of serious diseases such as cancer or diabetes. Therefore, if it is observed systematically, you need to consult a doctor and conduct a complete diagnosis.

Not only nutrition has a healing effect - but also its complete absence. It is worth starving only if the following conditions are met:

1. Don't force it. If there is no appetite, you do not need to force food into yourself, but if you have it, you do not need to starve just because it should be useful.
2. Do not forget about the water regime. Often refusing to eat, people forget to drink. But with diarrhea, this is harmful, and even on completely hungry days, you need to carefully drink two liters of liquid. And it is better if it is not water, but herbal decoctions or kissels and juices that contain nutrients.

It is not worth starving very young children under three years old and very old people who will quickly become exhausted. Even completely healthy in every way, with the exception of diarrhea, adults should not abstain from food for more than a day or two.

Nuances: diet after diarrhea and additional measures

When the symptoms of diarrhea have receded, people often fall into one of the extremes - either immediately begin to eat the same way as before, or sit on a therapeutic diet for several more weeks. Both do not make sense: in order for the body to recover, it is necessary to provide it with a smooth transition and adequate nutrition after diarrhea.

• in the first days, eat according to the main diet plan;
• when the main symptoms go away, start gradually adding a little oil, a little vegetables and fruits, a little meat;
• after a week, if the symptoms do not return, in small quantities, include ordinary and familiar dishes in the diet.

After another two or three days, you can completely switch to a normal diet - nutrition after diarrhea in an adult returns to normal in less than two weeks, unless he has irritable bowel syndrome.

With the syndrome, symptoms are observed for several months at different intervals: the gastrointestinal tract is constantly irritated, the patient has either constipation or diarrhea, and he gets used to living with it. Interestingly, the diet for irritable bowel syndrome is the same as the diet for diarrhea, only it lasts not for two weeks, but for almost a lifetime.

Sometimes the patient can afford some of the forbidden foods, but in very small quantities and be sure to return to a normal diet for IBS.

Diarrhea is more dangerous than people think - it can lead to dehydration, exhaustion and signal serious problems. But the right diet and the implementation of all the recommendations of the doctor will help to cope with it and return to a full life.

ponosnet.ru

Treatment of diarrhea in the elderly

Given that the body of an elderly person does not have sufficient resistance to factors that cause indigestion, diarrhea in the elderly requires an immediate response. Dehydration with diarrhea in an old person, even if it lasts only one day, is extremely dangerous. The difficulty of treating diarrhea in the elderly is that in diseases of the digestive system, the symptoms are not clear, and to establish the cause of diarrhea, especially on early stages, is very difficult.

In some cases, the type and nature of diarrhea can determine the cause of indigestion. For example, with irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea with mucus will only occur during the daytime. If there is mucus and pus in the diarrhea, then this indicates infectious colitis. In any case, studies are needed to confirm or refute the infectious origin of the pathology. With timely treatment to a medical institution, the prognosis is usually favorable. Delayed treatment and inappropriate treatment creates additional difficulties and impairs the chances of a successful recovery of the old person.

After contacting a doctor who will prescribe the necessary laboratory and instrumental research measures must be taken to restore lost fluids to prevent dehydration. Special solutions are recommended, such as Regidron, Citroglucosolan, which allow you to simultaneously replenish the amount of trace elements (potassium, sodium, chlorine) that are excreted during diarrhea. To reduce the number of defecation acts, codeine phosphate and adsorbent drugs are prescribed (Smecta, Activated carbon and others). Medicinal saline solutions taken at intervals of two hours. Adsorbents are recommended to drink plenty of water.

The next step in the treatment of diarrhea in the elderly is dietary nutrition. With a very strong disorder of the stool, rice water has an excellent effect for fixing. It is advisable to refrain from any food at all on the first day, limiting yourself to drinking plenty of water. In the future, the menu should include fast-digesting foods that do not have a fermentative effect and do not irritate the mucous membrane. It is recommended to give preference in the diet to vegetable soups or soups cooked in lean meat broth. The scope of the diet for this category of people is determined by the doctor individually, taking into account all the features.

Medicines for the elderly should be taken only after consultation with a doctor and on the basis of his prescription. Particular care must be taken with antibiotics, which are widely used in the fight against infections. Often, loose stools can be caused by antibiotics that have been used, for example, to fight infections associated with the respiratory system. In this case, it is recommended to include yoghurts enriched with bifidobacteria supplements in the diet.

The presence of bananas, boiled potatoes, boiled rice porridge in the diet, and buckwheat porridge in IBS is very useful for fixing the stool. Due to the fact that the use of medications for the treatment of diarrhea in the elderly is sometimes impossible for one reason or another, traditional medicine is of great importance along with diet. Recipes offered folk medicine a huge number, but you can use them only after visiting medical institution and advice from a doctor.

source: ZHKT.guru

Diarrhea in the elderly: causes

Diarrhea is a pathological condition of the body in which frequent bowel movements occur with liquid stool accompanied by pain and spasms.

In old age, many processes occurring in the body slow down. On the part of the gastrointestinal tract, this is expressed by a decrease in the level of enzymes and a deterioration in the hydrolysis of nutrients. Changes in the oral cavity, when not all teeth are already preserved, leads to the fact that food is not chewed enough. The number of taste buds decreases, which leads to a decrease in taste sensitivity, especially in relation to sweet. The secretion of saliva decreases and this is the cause of dry mouth. The process of swallowing is disturbed due to weakness and strength of the muscles. There are changes in the pancreas. Its secretory function is reduced. The liver decreases in size and the amount of bile produced decreases. The mucous membrane thins small intestine, which disrupts the secretion of enzymes necessary for the absorption of fats and milk.

Older people love sweets, and the process of absorption of carbohydrates is already disturbed, so there is an indigestion - diarrhea. Often the cause of diarrhea is the use of antibiotics.

Diarrhea in an elderly person for a long time

When an elderly person has prolonged diarrhea, first of all, it is necessary to exclude fecal plug and pseudomembranous colitis. It is possible that this is a symptom of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. They are characterized by profuse diarrhea and weight loss.

Diseases endocrine system can also be manifested by diarrhea that lasts for a long time. Similar symptoms are observed in diabetes mellitus and Addison's disease. Bloody diarrhea may indicate infectious colitis or malignant tumor. These diseases can only be diagnosed by passing a special medical examination.

Diarrhea in the elderly: treatment

Prescribing treatment for diarrhea in an elderly person requires very careful medical examination and individual approach to each patient. The main danger lies in dehydration of the body, so the lack of fluid must be replenished as soon as possible. It helps to drink plenty of Regidron solution, which should be drunk every two hours throughout the day.

Many medications can have serious side effects, so your doctor will prescribe activated charcoal with plenty of fluids.

Rice broth helps a lot. In half a liter of boiling water, add one and a half teaspoons of rice and cook over low heat for forty minutes. Then you need to cool and strain. Take during the day, one quadruple glass with breaks of two to three hours.

Diet for diarrhea in the elderly

In the first day during diarrhea, you need to refrain from eating. Then they use only easily digestible food, which will not cause fermentation and will not give a laxative effect. It can be mashed potatoes and pureed cereals. Instead of bread, eat crackers and biscuits. Baked apples are good for digestion. After a couple of days, you can move on to meat dishes, but only steamed. It could be bits chicken cutlets, meatballs. Soups should be either vegetable or low-fat meat broth. Raw vegetables, fruits and milk should be excluded for a while, as well as spices, fried and fatty foods. And cottage cheese and kefir can be introduced into the diet gradually and in small portions. Drink compotes, jelly and weak tea. Include natural-based yoghurts containing bifidobacteria in your diet.

Content

When pathogenic organisms (bacteria, viruses) enter the intestines, or the innervation of the gastrointestinal tract is disturbed, or beneficial microflora suffers, a person develops diarrhea. Peristalsis increases, which accelerates the passage of food masses through the intestinal lumen. Salts and nutrients do not have time to be absorbed into the blood, because of this, the body is depleted.

Why Follow a Diarrhea Diet?

The most dangerous phenomenon with diarrhea is dehydration.

Severe diarrhea leads to the loss of up to 4 liters of fluid per day, and electrolytes (potassium, sodium) leave with it.

This negatively affects the work of all organs and systems of an adult:

• inhibits the functions of the cardiovascular system, leads to arrhythmias;
• disrupts the work of the central nervous system;
• reduces blood volume, which negatively affects the condition and function of the kidneys and liver;
• impairs tissue nutrition;
• contributes to the development of seizures.

Diarrhea is especially dangerous for children and the elderly - their bodies are quickly dehydrated. Diet (table number 4) is part of the treatment of diarrhea, its observance is mandatory. The use of specific products reduces intestinal motility, does not irritate the mucous membrane, suppresses inflammatory process replenishes lost fluids and electrolytes. Table number 4 reduces soreness of the abdomen, eliminates putrefaction and fermentation in the intestines.

Rules for eating with diarrhea in an adult

In the acute period of the disease (on the first day), food is excluded, the patient should drink as much water and rehydration solution as possible (Regidron). When the condition stabilizes, it is necessary to eat permitted foods. The diet for diarrhea in an adult has the following principles:

1. Products are thermally processed: boiled, steamed, stewed, baked. Fried foods are prohibited.
2. The volume of fluid per day is 2.5-3 liters. It should be drunk between meals.
3. The food is warm, close to body temperature. Hot and cold dishes are excluded, as well as solid, thick food.
4. The number of meals - 5-6 times a day. Portions on the diet are small - this reduces the burden on the gastrointestinal tract.
5. Food needs to be salted - sodium chloride retains water in the body.

What can you eat with diarrhea

An adult with diarrhea should focus on fixing foods. Recommended food for the diet:

• rice, oatmeal, buckwheat, semolina porridge on water without oil;
• rice decoction;
• cream of whole grain wheat groats;
• boiled chicken eggs, steam omelet;
• steamed meat and fish cutlets / meatballs;
• chicken broth, fish soup with round rice;
• liquid mashed potatoes, grated beets, pumpkin, carrots;
• puree from baked fruits and berries;
• yesterday's bread, white bread crackers;
• pasta, noodles;
• yogurt;
• bananas.

From drinks for diarrhea, emphasis is placed on jelly, dried fruit compote, chamomile infusion, pomegranate peel. Black tea is allowed on an adult diet. Cereals must be well boiled, meat and fish fibers must be very soft. The result of the diet is noticeable a day after its start.

Prohibited Products

With diarrhea, you can not eat food that irritates the mucous membrane of the stomach, intestines, causes fermentation, stimulates peristalsis.

Nutrition for diarrhea in an adult excludes such food:

• sources of insoluble fiber: raw vegetables, fruits, whole grain bread;
• fatty meat, fish, broths cooked on them;
• fast food, sausages;
• gray and black bread;
• fatty, smoked, pickled, spicy dishes;
• butter, margarine, spread;
• conservation;
• nuts, legumes, mushrooms;
• dairy, sour-milk products;
• sweets, pastries;
• spices, seasonings, sauces;
• alcoholic, sweet carbonated drinks, fruit juices, kvass.

Sample menu for diarrhea

The duration of the diet for diarrhea for an adult is 1.5 weeks. When compiling a menu, rely on the list of allowed products. The calorie content of the diet should cover your daily energy costs, the approximate value is 1400-1600 kcal. Menu for one day diet for an adult:

Features of the diet for diarrhea in old age

In adults over 70 years of age, indigestion often occurs, which is associated with poor chewing of food, a decrease in the volume of the stomach, and a decrease in the production of gastric juice. In older people, the work of the liver, pancreas worsens, the intestinal microflora is disturbed. These phenomena introduce their own adjustments to the diet for diarrhea:

• the number of meals - 6-7 times in small portions;
• on a diet you can not overeat;
• with diarrhea do not use prohibited foods;
• it is important to drink a lot of jelly, dried fruit compote, rose hips, chamomile infusion, sage, oak bark.

How to eat with diarrhea during lactation

Breastfeeding women experience stress and sleep less. This can lead to irritable bowel syndrome and diarrhea. Also, mothers often suffer from constipation and introduce a lot of prunes, beets, kefir into the menu. An excess of these products increases intestinal motility and leads to diarrhea. The diet for diarrhea during lactation is distinguished by the following nuances:

• a woman needs to drink up to 3 liters of fluid per day;
• on a diet, it is important to eat vegetable soups, boiled cereals, boiled eggs, low-fat fish, steamed meat, white bread crackers;
• kissels, compotes from fruits and berries should be used carefully, given the possibility of an allergic reaction in a child;
• an adult will help to cope with diarrhea infusion of chamomile, fennel seeds, dill water.

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- an important stage of treatment, which will help to normalize the functioning of the intestines as a whole.

In this case, the correct menu is no less important than the reception medical preparations issued by a specialist. The diet will help restore the water balance in the body, improve the functioning of the digestive tract.

Therapist: Azaliya Solntseva ✓ Article checked by Dr.

How to alleviate the condition:

• drink 8 to 10 glasses of water daily;
• drink at least 1 glass of liquid each time after a liquid bowel movement;
• eat often and in small portions throughout the day, instead of 3 times;
• Eat some salty foods like crackers, soup, and sports drinks
• Eat some foods high in potassium, such as bananas, peeled potatoes, and drink fruit juices.

The diet and menu for diarrhea in adults consists of the following principles:

1. You can eat baked or fried beef, pork, chicken, fish, or turkey. Cooked eggs can also be used as food. Use only skim milk, cheese or yogurt.
2. If you have very severe diarrhea, you may need to stop eating or drinking dairy for a few days.
3. Eat refined white flour baked goods, pasta, white rice, and cereals such as semolina, wheat, barley, oats, and corn. You can also eat pancakes and waffles made with white wheat or corn flour. But don't add too much honey or sugar.
4. You should eat vegetables, including carrots, green beans, mushrooms, beets, asparagus, squash, and pumpkin. It is best to consume vegetables after cooking. Potatoes are best used in baked form.

Foods and drinks that are best avoided and excluded from the diet for diarrhea in an adult:

1. You should avoid eating fried and fatty foods.
2. Avoid fruits and vegetables as they can cause gas. Example: broccoli and peppers, beans and peas, berries and prunes, chickpeas, green leafy vegetables and corn.
3. Avoid caffeine, alcohol and carbonated drinks.
4. Limit or eliminate milk and other dairy products if they worsen bowel symptoms or cause flatulence and bloating.

Medlineplus.gov

Menu for the elderly

Dietary guidelines for diarrhea in the elderly include avoiding solids and dairy products, replenishing lost water and electrolytes, using pectin and probiotics.

Other helpful foods or drinks to treat diarrhea may include liquid gelatin, clear broth, weak tea with honey, carrot juice, boiled potatoes, bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast.

www.livestrong.com

Nutrition for diarrhea in children

Children with diarrhea may be less energetic, with dry eyes or a dry, sticky mouth. In infants, the diaper stays dry longer than usual.

Give your child plenty of fluids for the first 4-6 hours. First, 2 tablespoons of liquid every 30-60 minutes. You can use an over-the-counter drink like Pedialyte or Infalyte that doesn't need to be diluted. Other suitable liquid may be given.

When the child is already eating regular food, you should start by eating the following foods:

• bananas;
• chicken meat;
• crackers;
• pasta;
• rice.

From the menu it is necessary to exclude:

• Apple juice;
• dairy;
• fried food;
• concentrated fruit juice.

Medlineplus.gov

Eat with IBS - irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea

Diet and lifestyle changes are important in reducing the frequency and severity of the syndrome's symptoms.

The first thing a doctor might suggest is to keep a food diary. This will help you figure out which foods are causing your symptoms.

Limit foods that contain ingredients that can stimulate the intestines and cause IBS:

• caffeine;
• alcohol;
• dairy;
• fatty food;
• foods high in sugar;
• artificial sweeteners (sorbitol and xylitol);
• Some vegetables (cabbage and legumes).

Other recommendations for irritable bowel syndrome:

1. Drink plenty of water and avoid carbonated drinks, which can cause flatulence and discomfort.
2. Eat small meals and slowly to help reduce cramps and diarrhea.
3. Eat low-fat, high-carb foods such as pasta, rice, and whole grain bread.
4. Probiotic supplements can help relieve other symptoms, including abdominal pain, bloating, and bowel problems.

How to improve your diet after diarrhea

No one can live on a strict BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce and toast), at some point you will need to expand your diet.

It is not necessary to follow the three meals a day regimen. If you feel hungry, then you can start eating. Consider a sample menu.

Breakfast and diet after diarrhea in adults:

• rice flakes;
• eggs (cooked with a minimum amount of oil);
• oatmeal or other hot boiled cereals;
• plain, low-fat yogurt;
• rice cakes.

• canned fish;
• chicken bouillon;
• chicken noodle soup;
• chicken breast;
• crackers;
• pasta;
• egg white sandwich (chicken or turkey);
• vegetable soup.

• potatoes (baked, mashed or steamed);
• lean meat (chicken, turkey);
• vegetable stew.

www.verywell.com

What to eat with a disorder after antibiotics

Antibiotics are usually prescribed to fight bacterial infections, but you may experience diarrhea after taking the medicine as a side effect of antibiotics. The drugs work by killing or reducing the growth of certain bacteria that make people sick.

However, they can also kill the good or beneficial bacteria in the intestinal system, which can upset the delicate balance in your gut. The normal intestinal flora is disturbed and this can lead to diarrhea.

Any antibiotic can give you diarrhea, but broad-spectrum antibiotics are more likely to do so, such as clindamycin, some types of penicillin, and cephalosporins.

If you are taking an antibiotic, consider changing your diet for just a few days. Eliminate foods that commonly cause diarrhea, such as dairy products, fatty foods, spicy foods, and high-fiber foods such as whole grain breads, cereals, and beans.

You should also drink water in small sips and avoid caffeine and alcohol. If antibiotic-associated stool symptoms are severe, your doctor may recommend bed rest and intravenous fluids to replace lost electrolytes—sodium, potassium, and chloride.

Probiotics are friendly bacteria or yeast that are good for helping your digestive system. A growing body of research shows that probiotics may help protect against antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

The probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus, found in some brands of yogurt, helps reduce antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adults. Probiotics are also found in miso and other fermented foods. Probiotic supplements are sold in pharmacies and health food stores in liquid, powder, and capsule forms.

Diet adjustments can help you avoid or relieve diarrhea symptoms until you finish your course of antibiotics. Drink water to replenish fluid waste.

www.everydayhealth.com

We limit the diet for intestinal colitis with diarrhea

Diet therapy for inflammation of the large intestine with symptoms of stool disorder is similar to nutritional therapy for nonspecific ulcerative colitis.

Its principles are to adequately and safely reduce plant fiber in the daily diet.

The diet includes:

• dairy;
• grain processing products;
• meat and other proteins;
• fruit;
• vegetables;
• fats and sauces.

www.healthline.com

Effective treatment for diarrhea

Most cases of diarrhea resolve within a few days without treatment. If lifestyle changes and home remedies for diarrhea don't work, your doctor may recommend medications or other treatments.

Fluid replacement treatment. Your doctor will advise you to replenish fluids and electrolytes. For most adults, this means drinking water, juice or broth. If drinking itself is causing an upset stomach or loose stools, your doctor may recommend replacing fluids through a vein in your arm (intravenously).

Water is a good way to replace fluids, but it doesn't contain the salts and electrolytes that are needed to maintain the electrical potentials that keep the heart beating and all body systems running.

You can help maintain electrolyte levels by drinking fruit juices to compensate for potassium losses, and by eating soups and broths to compensate for sodium depletion. Some fruit juices, such as apple juice, may make diarrhea worse.

Children are best served with oral rehydration solutions such as Pedialyte to prevent dehydration or replace lost fluids.

If the doctor determines that the antibiotic has caused an upset in the digestive system, then he may reduce the dose of the drug or switch to another medicine.

Treatment of the underlying disease. If your diarrhea is caused by a more serious condition, such as inflammatory bowel disease, then therapy will focus on treating the underlying condition. You can contact the right specialist, such as a gastroenterologist, who can help develop a personalized treatment plan.

www.mayoclinic.org

We eat with nonspecific ulcerative colitis with diarrhea

For many people with ulcerative colitis, finding the right diet plan is the key to managing its main symptoms: bowel disorders and pain. If you don't eat certain foods that you think make your symptoms worse, pay attention to how you feel.

There are certain products that should definitely be excluded. This is a low-fiber food, also known as a low-fiber diet. Such a diet is especially useful when symptoms worsen.

Low-fiber foods are easy to digest, slow down intestinal motility and reduce stool upset. The diet includes many of the foods you normally eat while keeping your fiber intake at around 10-15 grams per day.

The body will continue to receive the required amount of proteins and minerals, as well as the fluids and salts that it needs. Because chronic diarrhea and rectal bleeding can lead to certain nutrient and mineral deficiencies, a doctor may recommend adding a multivitamin to supplement the diet, depending on individual needs.

Keep in mind that some of these foods can still aggravate symptoms, so you may need to make some adjustments of your own:

1. Dairy. Up to 2 glasses of milk, cottage cheese, pudding or yogurt per day
2. Corn. Refined white bread, pasta, crackers, and dry cereals that contain less than 1/2 gram of fiber per serving.
3. Meat and other proteins. Soft and tender boiled meats such as poultry, eggs, pork, and fish; soft peanut and nut butter.
4. Fruit. Fruit juices without pulp. Canned fruits and apples, excluding pineapples. Raw and ripe bananas, melon, watermelon, plums, peaches and apricots.
5. Vegetables. Raw lettuce and cucumbers, zucchini and onions; boiled spinach, pumpkin and seedless squash, carrots, eggplant, potatoes, and green and wax beans.
6. Fats and sauces. Butter and margarine, mayonnaise and vegetable oils, mild sauces (not tomato) and seasonings, as well as whipped cream.

ESSAY

on the topic: "First aid for acute heart failure, stroke"

Completed:

11 A class students

Kozhanova Elena

Korelsky Ilya

Kurkina Irina

Checked:

Budnik Sergey Vladimirovich

Salavat, 2015

2. Causes of acute heart failure

3. How to determine the OSN

4. First aid for AHF
5. Prevention of AHF

6. Stroke

7. Causes of stroke

8. Signs of a stroke

9. How to recognize a stroke attack

10.First aid for stroke

11. Stroke prevention

1.DOS

It is extremely important that first aid for heart failure arrives on time, as this is a very common occurrence among people with impaired cardiovascular function. This condition is manifested by a sharp decrease in the flow of oxygen to the tissues as a result of a violation of the normal functioning of the heart.

First aid for acute heart failure should be provided directly at the site of the attack, as this will help buy time before the ambulance arrives. The main tasks in the treatment of acute heart failure at any stage are the elimination of excess heart load and the redistribution of blood from the pulmonary circle.

Acute heart failure is a condition (often appearing in a few minutes) when the heart is not able to pump all the flowing blood (despite satisfactory filling with venous blood) and provide blood circulation in the body due to a decrease in myocardial contractility due to a violation of the structure of the heart or blood vessels.

Causes of AHF

Distinguish between primary and secondary causes, although such a classification is arbitrary. Most often observed mixed type violations.

To primary - include myocardial damage in acute infectious diseases(influenza, rheumatism, measles and scarlet fever in children, hepatitis, typhoid fever) and poisoning with toxic poisons ( carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide, chlorine, methyl alcohol, food poisoning). Under these conditions, there acute inflammation or dystrophy of muscle cells, the supply of oxygen and nutrients that provide energy is disrupted. Violation of nervous regulation worsens the condition of the myocardium.

Secondary causes are considered that do not directly affect the heart muscle, but contribute to overwork and oxygen starvation. Such conditions occur during paroxysmal arrhythmias, hypertensive crisis, with severe atherosclerotic damage to the coronary vessels.

How to identify acute heart failure

At first glance, acute heart failure should have signs of heart damage. But in this situation, signs of pulmonary edema predominate. This is due to the fact that the heart muscle can not cope with pumping blood to the periphery, and venous blood is stagnant. All this increases the pressure in the vascular system, as a result of which the fluid leaks into the tissues, including the lungs.

The main signs of heart failure:

1. Increasing shortness of breath. It happens pretty quickly.

2. The patient is forced to take a more comfortable position for breathing: half-sitting with legs down.

3. The skin is pale, the extremities are cold, cyanotic.

4. Cough with frothy pink sputum.

5. Increase and then decrease in blood pressure.

6. Tachycardia, frequent shallow breathing.

First aid for AHF

If such a situation arose, then the person needs to be helped, since urgent measures can save his life. Hospitalization is mandatory, so the call of doctors should be made immediately after the onset of symptoms.

1. Call an ambulance.

2. Seat the victim in such a way that the back is raised as much as possible, pillows should be placed under the back.

3. Make sure that the person gets as much fresh air as possible.

4. Give Andipal (1 tablet), Corvalol (for tachycardia) or valerian tincture (1 drop per year of life)

5. The imposition of tourniquets on the limbs. In this case, one limb should be free from the tourniquet. The free limb must be changed periodically so that there is no prolonged compression of the limb. Change the tourniquet as often as possible, but at least every hour.

6. If a cardiac arrest occurs, then cardiopulmonary resuscitation must be performed.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

To begin with, a strong precordial blow to the region of the heart is performed. Then rhythmic pressures on the chest are performed with the hands at a frequency of about 100 per minute. Together with compression of the heart area, artificial respiration should be performed. To do this, you need to lay a person, throw back his head and push his jaw forward. Then you need to open the victim's mouth and pinch his nose with his fingers. You need to perform breaths in relation to chest compressions as 2:15.

Prevention of AHF

The best cure for heart failure is its prevention. As we have seen heart failure syndrome in most cases occurs as a complication of one or another diseases of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, regular preventive examinations by a cardiologist, timely and correct treatment arterial hypertension , prevention atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases gives considerable chances to avoid heart failure syndrome. In addition, and this also applies to every person, it is necessary to avoid excessive stress on the heart. The human heart has enormous potentials: despite the fact that at rest it pumps about 5 liters of blood per minute on average, the permissible load level for it is 30 liters! Six times more! It would seem that it is simply impossible to “overload” it. However, we do it all the time without noticing it. The best prevention of heart failure, like most diseases of cardio-vascular system, serves what has long been known to everyone under the name " healthy lifestyle life." Proper nutrition, fresh air, no bad habits, physical activity, resistance to stress, self-confidence and a bright attitude to the world - this is what makes the heart healthy and strong.

Stroke

A stroke is a transient disorder of the brain due to disturbances in its blood supply. When acute cardiovascular failure occurs, various organs that lack oxygen suffer. First on oxygen starvation responds nervous system. As a result, a stroke may develop. In case of a stroke against the background of acute cardiovascular insufficiency, it is necessary to restore the pumping function of the heart as quickly as possible, since further oxygen restriction will aggravate the symptoms.

Causes of a stroke

All risk factors are divided into several categories - predisposing, behavioral and "metabolic".
Predisposing factors include aspects that are not subject to correction:

1. age (the frequency of strokes increases after 50 years and grows every year);
2. gender (in men after 40 years, the risk of stroke is higher than in women);
3. family history and hereditary predisposition.

Behavioral factors contributing to the development of strokes are:

• smoking (doubling the risk of strokes);
• psychological factors (stress, depression, fatigue);
• taking alcohol, drugs and medications (oral contraceptives);
• overweight and obesity;
• atherogenic diet;
• physical activity (physical inactivity increases the risk of ischemic strokes).

Signs of a stroke

May include one or more symptoms:
■ weakness, paralysis (inability to move), or numbness of the face or limbs on one side of the body;
■ a sharp deterioration in vision, blurring of the image, especially from one eye;
■ sudden speech difficulties, slurred speech, drooping tongue, unilateral deviation of the tongue;
■ unexpected difficulties in understanding speech;
■ sudden difficulty swallowing;
■ unexplained falls, dizziness, or loss of balance. Attention: if a person has not consumed alcohol, but behaves "like a drunk" - this symptom may be indicative of a stroke. The presence of alcohol intoxication also does not exclude the development of a stroke. Be careful of people who look "like drunk" - you may be able to save someone's life!
■ sudden severe (worst ever) headache or a new unusual pattern of headache with no known cause;
■ drowsiness, confusion or loss of consciousness.

The sudden onset of any of these three symptoms indicates the possibility of a stroke. It is urgent to call an ambulance! It is better to overestimate the severity and danger of the patient's condition than to underestimate!

When evaluating a patient's condition, keep the following in mind:
- A stroke can change a person's level of consciousness.
- In many cases, with a stroke, "nothing hurts"!
- A stroke victim can actively deny their disease state!
- The victim of a stroke may inadequately assess his condition and symptoms: focus on your subjective opinion, and not on the patient's answer to the question "How does he feel and what worries him?"

How to recognize a stroke

1. Ask the person to SMILE. With a stroke, the smile turns out to be “crooked”, since the muscles of one side of the face are much less obeyed.

2. TALK to him and ask him to answer a simple question like "What's your name?" Usually, at the moment of a brain crash, a person cannot even pronounce his own name coherently.

3. Have him RAISE BOTH HANDS at the same time. As a rule, the patient fails to cope with this task, the hands cannot rise to one level, since one side of the body obeys worse.

Stroke and heart failure

Heart failure is the most severe pathological condition of the human body. It lies in the fact that the heart, for one reason or another, is not able to perform its function of pumping blood completely.

Because of this, the entire body, each of its cells, each organ experiences a very strong oxygen starvation. But the most serious complication of heart failure is a stroke, which is caused by a severe violation of blood circulation in the brain.

Acute heart failure develops very, very quickly, almost instantly. It refers to terminal states and can easily lead to the death of the patient. And therefore, stroke and heart failure are the diseases whose symptoms everyone should know.

What can lead to the fact that the heart will start to work incorrectly and not work with all its strength? In the first place among such causes is, of course, myocardial infarction - a very common disease that most often occurs in men. This is followed by a violation of the coronary blood flow and compression of the heart by other organs. Compression of the heart or tamponade very often occurs with pulmonary edema or tumors that are located in the chest. At the same time, the heart simply does not have enough space for normal work, and it begins to give severe failures. Often, heart failure occurs with infectious lesions of the pericardium or myocardium, when bacteria and microbes literally destroy the walls of this organ.

An attack of heart failure develops in a few minutes. Such a state is always sudden and unexpected both for the patient himself and for his relatives. At the same time, the patient feels that he simply has nothing to breathe and everything is squeezed in his chest. The skin of a person begins to turn blue sharply and quickly due to a lack of oxygen supplied to it. The person loses consciousness. But the worst thing is that very often all these symptoms are accompanied by complications such as pulmonary edema, myocardial infarction and hypertensive crisis. And, of course, a stroke. Stroke and heart failure are two diseases that in most cases occur in parallel.

A stroke is a sudden interruption of blood flow to the veins and arteries of the brain. There are 3 varieties of this serious disease.

The first variety is the ischemic type or cerebral infarction. This condition most often develops after the age of 60. For the development of this condition, there must be some prerequisites - heart defects, diabetes mellitus, or the same heart failure. Most often, cerebral infarction develops at night.

The second type is a hemorrhagic stroke or cerebral hemorrhage. This pathology very often manifests itself in people aged 45 to 60 years. The cause of this condition is usually high blood pressure or hypertensive crisis. This condition develops very suddenly and more often in the daytime after a strong emotional or physical stress.

And finally, the third type of stroke is subarachnoid hemorrhage. It occurs at the age of 30 - 60 years. Here, the leading factor is most often smoking, a one-time consumption of a huge amount of alcohol, high blood pressure, excess body weight or chronic alcoholism.

A sudden onset of a stroke may well end in the death of a person, which is why you should definitely call an ambulance immediately. Only professional medical workers will be able to correctly determine the type of stroke and provide the necessary first aid. All further treatment will take place in the hospital.

But a stroke in its treatment is often accompanied by pneumonia and bedsores. These complications in themselves can cause a lot of problems for the patient, and pneumonia, again, can lead to death.

Everyone should know that acute heart failure and stroke are very dangerous conditions. Everyone should be aware of what needs to be done to prevent their development. And you don’t need to do so much for this: lead a healthy lifestyle, do not drink alcohol, do not smoke, monitor your weight, do not overwork and avoid stress, measure blood pressure daily and just enjoy life. It is worth knowing that a stroke is not only a disease of the elderly. Under certain circumstances, it also affects people of a fairly young age.

Acute heart failure: first aid

Heart failure is the leading cause of death in cardiovascular disease. Due to coronary heart disease, hypertension, or valvular defects, the heart cavities lose their ability to contract synchronously. The pumping function of the heart is reduced. As a result, the heart ceases to supply tissues and organs with oxygen and nutrients. A person is waiting for disability or death.

Acute heart failure (AHF) is an acute clinical syndrome, which is caused by a violation of the systolic and diastolic function of the ventricles of the heart, leading to a drop in cardiac output, an imbalance between the body's need for oxygen and its delivery, and, as a result, dysfunction of organs.

Clinically, acute heart failure manifests itself in several ways:

1. Right ventricular heart failure.
2. Left ventricular heart failure.
3. Small ejection syndrome (cardiogenic shock).

Left ventricular acute heart failure

Symptoms

Left ventricular acute heart failure occurs as a result of stagnation in the pulmonary circulation, which leads to impaired gas exchange in the lungs. This is manifested by cardiac asthma. characteristic features which are:

• sudden shortness of breath
• suffocation
• heartbeat
• cough
• severe weakness
• acrocyanosis
• pale skin
• arrhythmia
• lowering blood pressure.

To alleviate the condition, the patient takes a forced position and sits with his legs down. In the future, the symptoms of congestion in the small circle may increase and turn into pulmonary edema. The patient develops a cough with the release of foam (sometimes mixed with blood), bubbling breath. The face acquires a cyanotic hue, the skin becomes cold and sticky, the pulse is irregular and weakly palpable.

First aid for acute left ventricular heart failure

Pulmonary edema is emergency. The first thing to do is call an ambulance.

1. The patient is placed in a sitting position with legs down.
2. Under the tongue give nitroglycerin or ISO-MIC.
3. Provide access to fresh air.
4. Put tourniquets on the thighs.

After hospitalization, the patient undergoes further treatment:

• Reduce the increased excitability of the respiratory center. The patient is prescribed narcotic analgesics.
• Reducing congestion in the pulmonary circulation and increasing the contractile function of the left ventricle. With high blood pressure, drugs are administered that expand the peripheral vessels. At the same time, diuretics are administered.

With normal blood pressure, nitrates (nitroglycerin preparations) and diuretics are prescribed. With low blood pressure, Dopamine, Dobutamine are administered.

Right ventricular acute heart failure

Right ventricular acute heart failure is manifested by venous congestion in the systemic circulation. Most commonly seen as a result of thromboembolism pulmonary artery(TELA).

It develops suddenly and is manifested by the following symptoms:

• shortness of breath, dyspnea, chest pain, bronchospasm
• blueness, cold sweat
• swelling of the neck veins
• liver enlargement, tenderness
• rapid thready pulse
• decrease in blood pressure
• swelling in the legs, ascites.

First aid for acute right heart failure

Before the ambulance arrives:

1. Elevated position of the patient in bed.
2. Access to fresh air.
3. Nitroglycerin under the tongue.

In the intensive care unit:

1. Oxygen therapy.
2. Anesthesia. When excited, a narcotic analgesic is prescribed.
3. The introduction of anticoagulants and fibrinolytic drugs.
4. The introduction of diuretics (with PE is usually not prescribed).
5. Introduction to prednisolone.
6. The appointment of nitrates, which reduce the load on the heart and improve the function of the right ventricle.
7. In small doses, cardiac glycosides are prescribed along with polarizing mixtures.

Low cardiac output syndrome

Cardiogenic shock occurs as a result of myocardial infarction. cardiomyopathy, pericarditis, tension pneumothorax, hypovolemia.

It is manifested by pain syndrome, a drop in blood pressure down to 0, a frequent thready pulse, pallor of the skin, anuria, collapsed peripheral vessels. The course may develop further with pulmonary edema, renal failure.

Eczema causes stroke and heart failure

(Average score: 4)

Due to skin problems, people often lead an unhealthy lifestyle.

Eczema can cause heart failure and stroke. Doctors came to such conclusions after analyzing the health status of 61,000 adults aged 18 to 85 years.

The study found that people with eczema were 54% more likely to be obese and 48% more likely to have hypertension.

In adults with skin disease, doctors have noted an increased risk of heart failure and stroke.

The risk may be the result of poor lifestyle and bad habits. As the doctors explained, eczema often manifests itself in childhood and leaves its mark on a person's life: it reduces self-esteem and self-esteem. Due to psychological problems, people resort to bad habits.

“Eczema is not just a skin disease. It affects every aspect of a patient's life,” explained lead researcher Dr. Jonathan Silverberg, assistant professor of dermatology at the Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University in Chicago.

So, scientists have found that people with eczema drink and smoke more than others. In addition, a person with problematic skin is less likely to play sports: sweating and fever provoke scabies.

Although, as scientists explained, even if harmful factors are removed, eczema itself causes problems with the heart and blood vessels due to chronic inflammation.

Fundamentals of life safety
Grade 11

Lesson 14
First aid
in acute heart failure and stroke

Acute heart failure

In most cases, it occurs when the activity of the heart muscle (myocardium) is weakened, less often - with violations heart rate.

Causes of acute heart failure there may be rheumatic lesions of the heart muscle, heart defects (congenital or acquired), myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias with infusions of large amounts of fluid. Heart failure can also occur healthy person with physical overstrain, with metabolic disorders and beriberi.

Acute heart failure usually develops within 5-10 minutes. All pathological phenomena increase rapidly, and if the patient is not given urgent help, it can be fatal. Acute heart failure usually develops unexpectedly, often in the middle of the night. The patient suddenly wakes up from a nightmare, a feeling of suffocation and lack of air. When the patient sits down, it becomes easier for him to breathe. Sometimes this does not help, and then shortness of breath increases, a cough appears with the release of viscous sputum mixed with blood, breathing becomes bubbling. If the patient is not provided with urgent medical care at this moment (Scheme 23), he may die.

Stroke

A stroke occurs when there is a sharp reduction in blood flow to one part of the brain. Without proper blood supply, the brain does not receive enough oxygen, brain cells are quickly damaged and die.

Although most strokes occur in older people, they can happen at any age. More commonly seen in men than in women.

Strokes can be caused by a blood clot blocking a blood vessel or bleeding from the brain.

A blood clot that causes a stroke usually occurs when an artery supplying the brain has become atherosclerotic and cuts off blood flow, cutting off blood flow to the brain tissue supplied by that vessel.

The risk of clot formation increases with age, as diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and hypertension are more common in older people. Improper nutrition, smoking also increase the susceptibility to stroke.

Chronically high blood pressure or a swollen part of an artery (aneurysm) can cause a cerebral artery to rupture suddenly. As a result, part of the brain stops getting the oxygen it needs to live. Moreover, blood accumulates deep in the brain. This further compresses the brain tissue and causes even more damage to the brain cells. A stroke from a cerebral hemorrhage can happen unexpectedly at any age.

Symptoms of a stroke: severe headache, nausea, dizziness, loss of sensation on one side of the body, drooping of the corner of the mouth on one side, confusion of speech, blurred vision, asymmetry of the pupils, loss of consciousness.

Do not give the victim food or drink during a stroke: he may be unable to swallow.

Questions and tasks

1. In what cases does acute heart failure occur?

2. Name the causes of stroke.

3. What complications in the body does a stroke cause and what consequences can it have?

4. Name the symptoms of a stroke.

5. In what order should first aid be provided for acute heart failure and stroke?

Task 39

To provide the first medical care in acute heart failure:

a) put heating pads on the victim;
b) give the victim validol, nitroglycerin or corvalol;
c) call an ambulance;
d) sprinkle cool water on the face and neck of the victim and let him smell a cotton swab moistened with ammonia;
e) give the victim a comfortable semi-sitting position in bed and provide fresh air.

Place the indicated actions in the required logical sequence.

Task 40

One of your acquaintances has a severe headache, nausea, dizziness, one side of the body has become less sensitive, there is asymmetry of the pupils. Define:

a) what happened to your friend;
b) how to properly provide him with first aid.

Concepts of acute heart failure stroke

Acute heart failure is a pathological emergency that occurs due to a sharp violation of the contractile activity of the myocardium. Heart failure is characterized by disorders in both the large and pulmonary circulation, as well as intracardiac pathology. The disease can develop both against the background of already existing cardiovascular pathologies, and suddenly, for no apparent reason.

What are the types of acute heart failure?

Depending on which part of the heart began pathological changes allocate right ventricular and left ventricular failure. Medical classification is based on the type of hemodynamics, that is, on the ability of blood to circulate through the vessels. So, cardiologists distinguish the following types of heart failure:

Stagnant type - which, in turn, can be:

• Right ventricular - characterized by congestion throughout the body, which manifests itself in the form of generalized edema;
• Left ventricular - entails stagnation in the pulmonary circulation. This is manifested by the development of extremely formidable and life-threatening conditions - asthma of cardiac origin or pulmonary edema.

Hypokinetic type or in other words - cardiogenic shock - which, in turn, can manifest itself as:

• Arrhythmic shock - occurs due to violations of the heart rhythm;
• Reflex (pain shock);
• True cardiogenic shock - occurs with extensive myocardial damage after a heart attack, complicated high blood pressure or diabetes.

Separately, a condition is distinguished in which there is a sharp deterioration in performance in chronic heart failure. It is also a medical emergency.

Why does acute heart failure develop?

The whole set of factors can be divided into three groups:

1. Damage directly to the heart muscle;
2. Disorders in the work of the cardiovascular system;
3. Other pathologies not related to CVS.

Damage to the heart muscle ranks first among the factors provoking insufficiency. Most often, cardiologists talk about the following points:

• Myocardial infarction, which provokes the mass death of myocardial cells, due to impaired blood circulation in the heart muscle. The greater the degree of damage, the more pronounced the symptoms of AHF. Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of acute heart failure and is characterized by a high probability of death.
• Myocarditis.
• Operations performed on the heart and the use of life support systems due to cardiopulmonary bypass.

There are a lot of diseases of the cardiovascular system that can cause acute heart failure:

• Deterioration in chronic heart failure.
• Pathological changes in the heart valve system and violation of the integrity of its chambers.
• Arrhythmias, which can be associated with both acceleration of the heart rate and its slowdown.
• Pathologies respiratory system, in which adequate blood circulation in the small circle is disturbed. These include conditions such as pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, and bronchitis.
• A hypertensive crisis is an emergency condition caused by a sharp increase in blood pressure to individually high numbers.
• Significant thickening of the heart walls.
• Cardiac tamponade, in which there is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in nearby tissues. This compresses the cavity of the heart and interferes with its normal functioning.

AHF does not always develop as a result of disorders in the cardiovascular system. Sometimes other factors can contribute to this, up to an accident:

• Various infections for which the myocardium is one of the target organs.
• A stroke in the brain tissue, the consequences of which are always unpredictable.
• Major brain injury or surgical interventions on the brain.
• Poisoning medicines or alcohol, including chronic ones.

It must be remembered that acute heart failure is a critical condition, the probability of death in the development of which is very high. At the slightest suspicion of its development, you should immediately call an ambulance, requesting a cardioresuscitation team.

Symptoms of right ventricular failure:

• Shortness of breath without physical exertion, which turns into suffocation due to bronchospasm;
• Pain behind the sternum;
• Cyanosis of the skin or the acquisition of a yellowish tint by the skin;
• Cold clammy sweat;
• Swelling of the jugular veins located on the neck;
• Enlargement of the liver in size and the appearance of pain in the right hypochondrium;
• Hypotension, thready pulse associated with palpitations;
• Edema in the lower extremities;
• Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.

So, it is obvious that right ventricular AHF is characterized by a predominance of general symptoms.

Symptoms of left ventricular failure:

• The appearance of shortness of breath, quickly turning into suffocation;
• Increased heart rate and arrhythmia;
• Sharp weakness and pallor of the skin;
• Productive cough with foam, which may contain traces of blood, which makes it pink;
• Characteristic rales in the lungs.

Left ventricular failure is characterized mainly by pulmonary symptoms. The patient tends to take a sitting position, lowering his legs to the floor.

Diagnosis of acute heart failure

It must be understood that from the entire list diagnostic methods the doctor chooses those that are appropriate in a given situation. With the rapid development of symptoms and an increase in the likelihood of death, one has to focus only on the clinical picture.

In general, when diagnosing heart failure, cardiologists resort to the following methods:

Treatment of acute heart failure

AHF is a life-threatening condition for the patient, so qualified assistance should be provided immediately. The team of cardiologists carries out the following activities:

It must be remembered that if there is the slightest suspicion of the development of AHF, it is necessary to immediately call an ambulance. Delay in this matter is fraught with the death of the patient, especially when it comes to the lightning-fast type of development. In this case, the doctors have no more than half an hour to carry out all resuscitation measures.

Prevention of the development of acute heart failure

To date, there is no specific prevention of AHF. All activities recommended by cardiologists fit into the concept of a “healthy lifestyle” and boil down to the following recommendations:

• Regular preventive examinations at the therapist, cardiologist and other specialized specialists, depending on the presence of chronic diseases.
• Complete cessation of smoking and limiting the consumption of alcoholic beverages. If a patient is diagnosed chronic diseases heart or other organs and systems, it is better to completely eliminate alcohol.
• Control over body weight and its gradual reduction in case of obesity.
• Moderate physical activity is shown, the intensity of which is selected depending on the patient's state of health.
• Exclusion of stress and other psycho-emotional overloads. Careful observance of the regime of work and rest.
• Compliance with the principles healthy eating, that is, the exclusion from the diet of fast carbohydrates and saturated fats, especially of animal origin.
• Daily self-monitoring of blood pressure.

Acute heart failure, stroke

Heart failure is one of the most severe pathological conditions organism. In this state, the heart does not perform the entire amount of necessary work, as a result of which the tissues of the body experience oxygen starvation. The most severe complication of heart failure is cerebral circulation which can lead to a stroke.

Acute heart failure is a condition that occurs instantly. it terminal state which can easily lead to death. It is important to know the symptoms of this condition and be able to prevent it and provide it in time. needed help.

The cause of acute heart failure can be myocardial infarction, impaired coronary blood flow, cardiac tamponade, pericarditis, infections, and much more.

The attack occurs abruptly and develops within a few minutes. At this time, the patient feels a sharp lack of oxygen, there is a feeling of squeezing in the chest. Skin acquire a bluish tint. These symptoms are often accompanied by loss of consciousness, pulmonary edema, myocardial infarction, or hypertensive crisis.

If you notice such symptoms in a person, you should provide him with the necessary assistance. The first thing to do is call an ambulance. It is necessary to ensure the flow of fresh air to the patient, free him from tight clothing.

Good oxygenation will ensure that the patient takes a certain position: it is necessary to put him down, lower his legs down, put his hands on the armrests. In this position, a large amount of oxygen enters the lungs, which sometimes helps to stop an attack.

If the skin has not yet acquired a bluish tint and there is no cold sweat, you can try to stop the attack with a nitroglycerin tablet. These are activities that can be carried out before the ambulance arrives. Only qualified specialists can stop an attack and prevent complications.

One of the complications of acute heart failure can be a stroke. A stroke is the destruction of brain tissue due to a previous hemorrhage or an acute cessation of blood flow. Hemorrhage can occur under the lining of the brain, into its ventricles and other places, the same applies to ischemia. The further state of the human body depends on the place of hemorrhage or ischemia.

Various factors can provoke a stroke. If a stroke is the cause of a hemorrhage, then such a stroke is called hemorrhagic. The cause of this type of stroke can be a sharp increase in blood pressure, atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels, blood diseases, traumatic brain injury, etc.

Ischemic stroke can provoke thrombosis, sepsis, infections, rheumatism, DIC, a sharp decrease in blood pressure due to acute heart failure, and much more. But one way or another, all these reasons are associated with disruption of the cardiovascular system.

If the patient's blood pressure rises sharply, blood flow to the head increases, sweat appears on the forehead, then we can talk about the occurrence of a hemorrhagic stroke. This is all accompanied by loss of consciousness, sometimes vomiting and paralysis on one side of the body.

If the patient experiences dizziness, headache, general weakness, then these may be symptoms of an ischemic stroke. With this type of stroke, there may be no loss of consciousness, and paralysis develops slowly. Ischemic stroke accompanies a drop in blood pressure, fainting, pallor of the patient's skin is noted.

If you notice these symptoms, call an ambulance immediately. Lay the patient on a horizontal surface, ensure free breathing. The patient's head must be turned on its side - prevention of retraction of the tongue and suffocation with vomit.

It is advisable to put a heating pad at the feet. If before the arrival of the ambulance you notice a lack of breathing and cardiac arrest in a patient, it is urgent to carry out indirect massage heart and artificial respiration.

Acute heart failure, stroke life threatening states. It is impossible to trace their appearance and they are very poorly treated. Therefore, the most important task facing us is the prevention of these conditions.

Lead a healthy lifestyle, do not abuse drugs, avoid stress and take care of your health.

The concept of acute heart failure stroke

Can a patient with low blood pressure have a stroke?

For most people, comparing the concepts of “high blood pressure” and “stroke” does not cause difficulties. The connection between them is direct. But such a brain disease is not excluded in representatives of the weaker and stronger sex, suffering from low blood pressure. Due to long-term disturbances in the blood circulation of the brain, its tissues begin to die. And the answer to the question of whether there can be a stroke at low pressure is positive. It's a matter of time. The main factor is not the pressure itself - whether it is high or low - but the volatility of the indicators, when the patient complains either of a strong decline or a sharp jump.

The main cause of a stroke is hemorrhage, which appears as a result of rupture of the walls of the arteries due to high blood pressure. It is worth noting that, even if the patient constantly has high or low blood pressure, the likelihood of a stroke remains.

If blood pressure changes frequently, this entails fragility of the cerebral vessels.

Common consequences of pressure instability include conditions associated with a decrease in the tone of the vascular walls. For example, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiac, as well as cerebral-hypotensive crisis, vascular thrombosis.

Main risks

Risk factors that can cause a stroke include the following:

Scientists conducted a lot of research and came to the conclusion that patients may have a stroke at low pressure, which is accompanied by various heart diseases, occurring with a decrease in blood pressure. A rapid drop in pressure is noticed in such situations: with regular use in in large numbers antihypertensive drugs, prolonged cough, excessive physical exertion, deep sleep.

Causes of the disease

A stroke can occur due to the following circumstances:

• acute violation of cerebral circulation, when circulatory disorders of the brain are of a long-term nature;
• reduction in cardiac output;
• short-term increase in pressure up to 180 to 110 mm Hg. Art.;
• stress;
• overwork;
• aneurysm rupture;
• thrombus formation in adulthood in chronic hypotension.

Stroke occurs more frequently in men than in women. It usually overtakes citizens who are over 50 years old, but there are cases of stroke in young people. Patients are characterized by constantly recurring migraines, accompanied by severe headaches, tinnitus, the occurrence of strong pulsations. Such symptoms are caused by various cardiac diseases, problems with blood quality, and vascular diseases. In this case, you must immediately contact the hospital for medical help to prevent the development of pathology.

Symptoms

Hemorrhagic stroke occurs due to severe overstrain (emotional or physical). As a rule, there is a short-term difficulty in pronunciation of words or total loss the victim's speech. A person complains of severe dizziness, disappearing numbness in the limbs and half of the body, weakness of the legs and / or arms. The patient's eyes darken.

With microdisorders of cerebral circulation, a person feels sick, appear pain in the eyes during their movement, orientation in space is disturbed, there is a headache, there is a syndrome of stunning consciousness.

If the patient has intermittent, then high, then low pressure after a stroke, this indicates that the patient needs to be observed by specialists and ensure that blood pressure does not increase or fall to critical. At such a time, it is very important to monitor the patient in order to avoid a second stroke.

If the patient's blood pressure has stabilized for a short time, you should pay attention to his well-being. Medical personnel need to urgently administer the medicine and connect the necessary equipment in order to prolong the life of a person admitted to the hospital. If the patient's pressure has stabilized, one can hope for the restoration of the usual state of health.

It is important to know that drinking in large quantities, eating fatty and spicy foods negatively affects more the male half of the population, causing poor blood circulation to the brain. As for the beautiful half, such a lifestyle can lead to changes in blood pressure and only over time to neurological symptoms.

According to statistics, the patient can cope with four strokes. This happens if none of the previous strokes is extensive. However, it should be noted that a patient who has had three strokes may fall into a coma if the next one occurs, and this is often fatal.

Preventive measures

A stroke is a neurological disease and can lead to irreversible changes in the human body. To avoid the onset and development of the disease, it is necessary from a young age to monitor your health, pay attention to the signals that the body gives.

Headaches, heart disease are warning bells, when they appear, it is imperative to seek medical help in order to prevent a stroke.

It is important to limit consumption harmful products, review your diet. You should not eat a lot of sweet, fatty. It is important to try to lead an active lifestyle, forget about smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. It is fundamentally important to follow a diet: in spring and autumn it will be very valuable to diversify the usual diet with fresh fruits and vegetables.

Proper first aid for acute heart failure and stroke

• Symptoms of acute heart failure
• • Indirect cardiac massage
• Providing first aid

First aid for acute heart failure and stroke should be provided to the patient by surrounding people in a timely manner if a critical situation arises. There is a very high mortality rate from these terrible diseases in the world.

The mechanism of development of heart pathology

Heart failure is not considered an independent disease. This is a syndrome that is the result of a number of long-term developing ailments: severe pathology of the heart valves, problems with coronary vessels, rheumatic heart disease, violation of the tone of arteries, veins, capillaries in uncompensated arterial hypertension.

There comes a moment when, due to poor pumping of blood, the heart cannot cope with its pumping function (full pumping, blood supply to all body systems). There is an imbalance between the body's need for oxygen and its delivery. The first drop in cardiac output occurs when physical activity. Gradually, these pathological phenomena intensify. Eventually, the heart begins to work hard at rest.

Heart failure is a complication of other diseases. Its appearance may be preceded by a previous myocardial infarction, because each such pathological case is the death of a separate section of the heart muscle. At a certain point in a heart attack, the remaining viable sections of the myocardium cannot cope with the load. There is a sufficient number of patients who have a mild degree of this pathology, but they are not diagnosed. Therefore, they can suddenly feel a sharp deterioration in their condition.

Symptoms of acute heart failure

The main manifestations of cardiac dysfunction are:

1. The most striking signs of this syndrome are wheezing, nocturnal cough, increasing shortness of breath during movement, physical exertion, climbing stairs. Cyanosis appears: the skin turns blue, blood pressure rises. Patients feel constant fatigue.
2. In heart failure, first dense peripheral swelling of the legs quickly develops, and then the lower abdomen and other parts of the body swell.

People who have noticed such Clinical signs, should immediately contact a doctor and tell about their problem. As directed by a specialist, they will undergo diagnostics. When heart failure occurs in a patient, a cardiographic study is very effective, according to the results of which a cardiologist can determine the presence or absence of structural disorders of the heart muscle. If there is a disease, the necessary treatment will be prescribed according to the scheme in order to normalize myocardial metabolism and cardiac output through the selection of rational therapy.

Heart disease is highly treatable if diagnosed early. In this case, the patient is easier to treat, the disease can be compensated. If he gets proper treatment, the cardiovascular system the patient can function successfully for many years. If the course of the disease is delayed, as the patient does not go to the doctor and is not treated, the situation is aggravated. The patient's body suffers from a lack of oxygen, there is a gradual death of body tissues. If the patient does not receive immediate treatment, he may lose his life.

How is emergency care carried out in the event of acute heart failure?

With this pathology, the full functioning of the heart, the functions of the circulatory system can be impaired for several hours and even minutes. Sometimes signs of pathology develop gradually. There is moderate pain and discomfort. People don't understand what's going on. They wait too long before seeking medical help. Only urgent measures in this situation can save the patient's life. Immediately after occurrence clinical symptoms heart failure, you need to call an ambulance team. Doctors will take the necessary measures and offer the patient mandatory hospitalization.

While waiting for the specialists, it is necessary to provide first aid to the patient:

1. Since panic can be harmful, the patient should be tried to calm down so that anxiety and fear disappear from him.
2. Fresh air must be provided, so the windows must be opened.
3. The patient should be freed from clothing that restricts his breathing. The collar of the shirt must be unbuttoned and the tie must be untied.
4. With a horizontal position of the body, as a result of the accumulation of blood in the lungs and the lack of air, the patient's shortness of breath increases. Therefore, the patient should be in an intermediate position between the lying and sitting posture (i.e., half-sitting). This helps to unload the heart, reduce shortness of breath and swelling.
5. Then, in order to reduce the total volume of blood circulating in the body, you need to clamp the veins. To do this, a venous tourniquet is applied for several minutes on both hands above the elbow and on the hips.
6. 1 tablet of nitroglycerin under the tongue every 10 minutes is given to stop an attack. But you can not give more than 3 tablets.
7. Blood pressure should be under constant control.
8. This pathology significantly reduces the well-being of the patient with cardiovascular disease. Often, the patient's chances of saving a life depend on the people who are nearby at a critical moment.
9. If a cardiac arrest has occurred, people around should do chest compressions until the arrival of the medical team in order to return the patient to life.

Indirect cardiac massage

Since its implementation is ineffective on a soft bed, the patient should lie on a hard shield, floor or ground. Hands are placed on the central part of the chest. She squeezes hard several times. As a result, the volume of the chest decreases, blood is squeezed out of the heart into the lungs and big circle circulation. This allows you to restore the pumping work of the heart and normal blood circulation.

Stroke as one of the causes of death

Often, patients and people around them take the symptoms of a stroke simply as signs of poor health. They explain the strange and unusual behavior of a person as a reaction to the weather, fatigue. But if others are attentive, the symptoms of a stroke can be recognized in a timely manner. The patient's life can be saved if qualified medical assistance is provided immediately.

The main symptoms of acute cerebrovascular accident

The development of a stroke can be suspected if some problems appear:

1. You need to ask the patient to smile. If a stroke occurs, one side of the face does not obey the person, the smile will turn out to be crooked, tense.
2. The tip of the tongue changes its correct position and deviates to the side.
3. Since the muscles become weak during a stroke, the patient will not be able to raise his arms with eyes closed even for 10 seconds.
4. In response to your request to repeat any simple phrase, the patient will not be able to do this, because with this pathology the perception of speech and the pronunciation of meaningful words are impaired.

If a person could not perform such actions or does it with difficulty, it is urgent to call a medical team.

Providing first aid

First aid for a stroke:

1. The patient must be in a horizontal position. His head needs to be turned to the side. Clothing that restricts breathing should be unbuttoned.
2. The head should be cooled with an ice pack, a cold wet towel, or food from the freezer.
3. It is strictly forbidden to move the patient.
4. It is necessary to monitor the state of his breathing, pulse, blood pressure indicators.
5. Medical assistance to the patient must be provided within three hours after the stroke occurred.

Each person should have the skills of PMP (First Aid).

Often precious time is lost as a result of waiting for the arrival of the medical team. Many patients lost their lives because eyewitnesses to an attack of heart failure or stroke failed to provide them with first aid. Therefore, each person needs to learn how to provide first aid for stroke, heart attack, heart failure.