Neurological diseases in children. Pediatric Neurology Treatment of Pediatric Neuralgia

Affective-respiratory attacks:

All this lasts for several tens of seconds, after which the children become lethargic, sometimes drowsy. Similar attacks can occur in 2% of children under 2 years of age, rarely up to 4 years.
This usually happens in very stubborn, wayward children who try to get their way at any cost. Such states, as a rule, pass without a trace and serve as one of the manifestations of early childhood nervousness. During an attack, the child should be taken out to fresh air, turned face down so that the sunken tongue does not overlap Airways. You can splash your face cold water, but do not give to drink, as the child does not swallow at this moment.

In order to avoid an attack, it is necessary to "switch" the child's attention to some other object, distract him and try to avoid conflict situations. The unity of views of the whole family on the attitude to this problem is necessary, since the child very quickly learns to benefit for himself from the current situation. In many cases, you need to consult a psychologist. Such attacks do not pose a particular danger, however, in all cases, a doctor's consultation is necessary to rule out epilepsy and disorders. heart rate. It should also be remembered that often recurring attacks due to oxygen starvation brain can lead to neurological diseases.

Speech disorders:

By 15 months, he begins to consciously address his parents and other family members: “mother”, “dad”, “woman”. By 18 months, he copies intonations well, follows instructions (“take it and bring it, put it down”, etc.). By age 2, can speak short two-word sentences ("mama, um"). After 2 years, sentences are formed, and a 3-year-old child already speaks in phrases, sings songs, reads short poems. True, speech is still fuzzy, not always understandable to others. However, this is not always the case. If the child does not speak much, it is necessary to find out if he has hearing impairments or damage to the nervous system. If the child hears well, it is necessary to constantly talk to him, teach him to use not gestures, but words.

Surrounded by a “wall of silence”, the baby lacks incentives for the development of speech. If the child's speech is unclear, you should contact a speech therapist to check if he has a short frenulum of the tongue. The pathology of the hard palate (cleft palate) also leads to impaired sound pronunciation, even after surgical correction. If there are no abnormalities on the part of the hearing organ, the oral cavity, it is necessary to consult a neurologist in order to exclude a delay in psychoverbal development as a result of damage to the nervous system.

It should also be remembered about the hereditary features of the development of speech. There is a natural difference in the development of children's speech: someone starts talking earlier, someone later. The more you talk to your child, the sooner he will learn to speak on his own. Most speech disorders are the result of hearing pathology.

Sleep disorders in children:

Children with asthma, eczema, allergies, food intolerances also do not sleep well at night. Much depends on how the child is laid. In some families, it is customary to rock the baby in her arms, in others - to put it in the crib. The advantage of the latter method is that the parents can be alone for a while.

About half of children under 5 wake up at night, which is normal. Another thing is that at the same time parents do not get enough sleep. Therefore, they can get up to the child one by one or sleep longer in the morning.

Sleep disorders include:
nightmares;
night terrors;
sleepwalking (sleepwalking).

Nightmares very unpleasant for the child. They occur due to respiratory disorders: with asthma, allergies, enlarged tonsils, nasal congestion, due to mental causes(scary movies, etc.), pain or injury, and in hot and stuffy rooms. Usually happens between 8 and 9 years. The child dreams that someone is crushing him, chasing him, etc. In the morning he remembers what he dreamed about. These disorders occur during REM sleep.

Night fears. The child wakes up at night and screams for several minutes, not recognizing others. It is not easy to calm him down, he is frightened, he has a rapid heartbeat, wide pupils, rapid breathing, facial features are distorted. Most often, night terrors are noted between 4 and 7 years. After a few minutes, the child calms down and falls asleep, in the morning he does not remember anything. Night terrors occur during the phase of less deep sleep.

Sleepwalking (sleepwalking, somnambulism) appears in or out of light sleep: Children get out of bed, walk around the room, may talk, go to the toilet, or urinate in the room, then return to their bed or bed and go to bed. In the morning they don't remember it. Sometimes sleepwalking is combined with night terrors. It should be remembered that tired children sleep soundly. Therefore, the physical and mental activity of the child during the day: outdoor games, singing, reading poetry, counting rhymes - contributes to sound sleep.

By the age of 3, children sleep significantly less during the day or refuse to eat at all. daytime sleep. Putting the child to bed in the evening after the bath, a bedtime story helps to consolidate the regimen, and the child calmly goes to bed. You can leave a dim light of a night lamp or a light in the corridor if the baby is afraid of the dark. In the crib, the child can take his favorite toy or book. Sometimes quiet music or “white noise” (the operation of any household appliances, quiet conversations between adults) helps. You should not rock the baby in your arms, as he wakes up as soon as he is laid in the crib. It's better to sit next to me and sing a lullaby. The bedroom should be cozy and warm.

If the child cries, being afraid to be alone, accustom him to this gradually. After laying down the child, go out for a few minutes and come back again. Gradually increase your time away. The child will know that you are somewhere nearby and will return to him.

With nightmares and night terrors, you need to calm the child, put him to bed. If necessary, on the recommendation of a doctor, you can give mild sedatives. It is important that the child does not watch movies in the evening, fairy tales that can scare him. When sleeping, you need to calmly lay the child down, do not wake him up. You need to examine it with a doctor and, if necessary, treat it. Remember about the safety of the child: close windows and doors so that he does not get on the stairs and does not fall through the window.

Sleep disturbances are common in infants and young children. However, regular laying at the same time allows you to develop a certain regimen. In case of sleep disorders, it is necessary to consult a doctor and use appropriate medications.

Awkwardness:

Many children do not distinguish the right side from the left. More often they are overly excitable, impulsive, and cannot concentrate for a long time. Some begin to walk late (after one and a half years). It will take some time for them to make up for this gap. In some children, coordination of movements suffers “by inheritance”. Other children have emotional disturbances.

Children with any deviations: coordinating, emotional, manipulative - feel different from everyone else. Sometimes awkwardness results from injuries, especially to the head. Premature babies are also somewhat different from their peers. In many cases, as the child grows, initially imperceptible, violations of the type of minimal cerebral insufficiency appear. The awkwardness of the child complicates the problems of education. Failure to complete any task can cause anger, resentment, a tendency to solitude, shyness, self-doubt in a child, especially if peers begin to laugh at him.

Non-rough neurological disorders often overlooked and the child judged as "normal but obnoxious", leading to punishments, reprimands, more behavioral disturbances and pathological character formation. The child begins to avoid school, finds any reason not to go to lessons where he is scolded and ridiculed. Parents first of all must understand that the child is not all right. If you notice that your child is especially awkward, contact a neurologist or psychologist to identify and clarify the nature of the violations as early as possible.

Every tenth child has minor violations, so it is important to show maximum patience and attention in order to carry out the appropriate correction. Success requires mutual understanding, patience, and not punishment, ridicule and reprimand. If minimal brain damage is detected, do not be discouraged, there are many ways to treat and correct such disorders.

Outbursts of anger:

The main reason for anger is dissatisfaction with the fact that the child cannot express his desires the way he wants. Children at this age are very aware of everything that is happening around them, and passionately want everything to be as they want. If this does not happen, anger develops into fits of anger, which cause a lot of anxiety to parents, especially in public places. Sometimes you even have to spank the baby.

To avoid this unpleasant situation, always analyze your actions before you go somewhere with your child. Children usually start acting up if they want to eat. Have some fruit or cookies with you at all times. If the child wants to sleep, try to get home at bedtime or go after the child wakes up and is in a good mood. Sometimes it is possible to "switch" the child's attention to something unusual and interesting in the environment.

Attacks of envy towards a sister or brother can be prevented by giving the child maximum attention and tenderness, and not scolding him. Try to remain calm and not react to the antics of the child. Don't worry about what others will say. Many of them also have children and know how difficult it can be with them. Sometimes the child cries in anger and can cause an affective-respiratory attack, but fortunately this is rare. Always stay calm and be consistent.

Pick up a crying baby in your arms and hug it tightly so that it cannot escape. Move all nearby objects that he can grab and throw away. If the child does not want to move, leave him and go, but do not let him out of your sight. Usually children always run after the departing parents. Despite the difficulties, do not let the child win, otherwise it will be even more difficult each time. In case of fits of anger in a child after 5 years, it is necessary to consult a psychologist.

Problems of education in children:

Some parents are very strict with the child and do not allow any concessions, others are more gentle and loyal. FROM medical point there is no single approach to education. The main thing is that parents do not humiliate or insult the child. Children who are accustomed to the regime of the day and constantly know what they will do next, as a rule, do not cause trouble in education, even if they are overly excitable.

Parents seek help when they are unable to cope with the child and their parenting methods do not work. There are no ideal children, but the behavior of parents in matters of upbringing largely determines the fate of the child. Sometimes education (or, better to say, its absence) contradicts all norms of behavior in society. In education, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the child. Some children are calm, timid from birth, while others, on the contrary, are mobile and assertive.

Restless children sleep poorly, are prone to nightmares, and get tired quickly. If they are constantly under fear of punishment, they see strained relations between their parents, then they try in any way to attract attention to themselves, including bad behavior. In many ways, education is the result of the behavior of parents. A child who was not given sweets begins to act up, but if he does not achieve his goal, he will draw conclusions for himself.

Sometimes a child's misbehavior comes out in certain situations: if he is hungry, thirsty, or tired. Then it is very easy to establish the cause and normalize the situation. If a child misbehaves, it is necessary to patiently and easily explain his mistakes and repeat this in appropriate situations. Children respond to a sensitive, attentive attitude, especially to praise, even if they do not always deserve it. An excited child can be allowed to "splash out energy" in the game, in sports, so that he calms down.

You can't let your child do everything. If it says "No!" - it should be a sure "no", the law for all family members. It is very bad when one of the parents forbids, and the other, on the contrary, allows. Always respond intelligently to your child's antics. It is better to praise for good behavior than to punish for disobedience. You can even promise a reward for something good, but be sure to keep your promise. However, the reward should not be an everyday stimulus for the child's behavior.

Daily routine and consistent attitude towards the child can prevent many difficulties. If you are not coping with the problems of raising your child, contact a neurologist or psychiatrist to identify possible (hidden) deviations from the nervous system.

Increased excitability:

Such children often have fits of anger when they throw objects on the floor, often they suffer from lack of coordination, awkwardness. Such phenomena occur in 1-2% of children, 5 times more often in boys than in girls. Correction of such behavior must be carried out as early as possible: having matured, overly excitable children can commit antisocial acts. The causes of increased excitability are not fully understood. Importance attached to hereditary factors and the impact of the social environment. The influence of allergies (eczema, asthma) and other diseases, as well as deviations during pregnancy and childbirth, is not excluded.

If the child is very excitable, it is necessary to carefully consider the regimen of his day. Find out what your child is interested in and use these interests to teach him concentration, perseverance, improve coordination and motor activity of the hands. This can be drawing, coloring, designing, certain games, sports activities, etc. Do not leave the child to himself, but give freedom at certain hours.

The main role in the correction of the behavior of an excitable child belongs to the parents. The child trusts you, and with you he feels protected. If necessary, you can seek help from a neurologist, psychologist, allergist.

On a daily basis, the child interacts with environment, that is, it grows and develops, which is necessarily controlled by the nervous system. This explains the importance of the role assigned to it in the children's body. The smallest disruption in the work of the National Assembly can result in unpleasant diseases neurological nature, which childhood are very common. The lack of parents' understanding of the symptoms of such disorders contributes to untimely access to a specialist and delayed initiation of therapy, which is unacceptable.

Photo: Violations in the nervous system of the child

Neurological diseases are recognized as a pathology in which there is a violation in the work of the central and peripheral nervous systems.

When can violations be noticed?

The appearance of the first signs of one of the neurological ailments can be noted even in early infancy. Regular crying of the baby should be the first signal for parents to promptly visit a specialist. Instead, most moms and dads prefer to attribute this behavior of the baby to banal capriciousness. But we all know that babies can cry for several reasons: with improper care and malaise.

Photo: The vagaries of the baby

As a child gets older, tantrums can be a habitual reaction to difficult situations and difficulties along the way. Parents are again trying to fence themselves off from the problem, blaming the unbearable nature of the child. Of course, in such cases, do not go to the doctor. In fact, it is a mistake to write off all kinds of violations in the behavior of a child of any age on character traits. More often, the problem lies in something more complex, for example, neurosis, which only a qualified specialist can identify.

What are the consequences of delay?

The NS is comparable to a clockwork: it is worth a small part to fail, and full-fledged work will be disrupted. If a child has a neurological problem, and even in a neglected form, complications may soon appear. The most optimistic of them is a violation in the work of the psychomotor apparatus. If you continue to do nothing, the child can become hyperactive and try on attention deficit disorder, or even become a hostage nervous tick. At the same time, the child's behavior becomes really complicated, in some cases even inadequate.

Photo: Crying baby

Reasons for the development of pathology

Even experienced physicians cannot predict how the National Assembly will respond to a negative external influence. To possible reasons violations of the normal psycho-emotional state of the child include:

hereditary factor; brain tumors; disease internal organs chronic nature; low immunity; traumatic brain injury; infections; response to medication.

This is not a complete list. According to some reports, even the ecological situation and gender can affect the state of the nervous system.

Risk group

Doctors distinguish a group of children who are more prone to neurological disorders than others. First of all, these are children. too low or, conversely, high self-esteem. Even in the early age it is difficult for them to develop normally in society, which is why isolation is manifested. Also included in this group are children. with signs of individualism, anxious and touchy. Often, neurological diseases overtake children with a high degree of suggestibility and too timid.

Unwanted children can also be attributed to the risk group.

Photo: Premature baby

Neurological diseases in children: symptoms

It is sometimes difficult to recognize problems in the work of the child's NS even by an experienced specialist during a clinical examination. To parents far from medicine, such a thing will seem completely impossible. But to observe the behavior of the child from the very first days of his life is their direct duty.

Photo: Examination of a child by a doctor

Infants must undergo examinations by a neurologist, which allows you to identify the disease on early stage and start treatment as soon as possible. It is unacceptable to miss an appointment with the doctor!

Among the obvious manifestations nervous breakdown include:

• nervous tic;
• obsessive states;
• fears;
• speech disorder;
• tearfulness and tantrums;
• loss of appetite or complete refusal of food;
• stuttering;
• enuresis;
• insomnia;
• hypochondria;
• fainting;
• impaired coordination of movements;
• tingling in different parts of the body.

Parents should pay attention to the condition of the child if he constantly or with noticeable regularity complains of dizziness, tinnitus and problems with swallowing. Increased fatigue for no apparent reason should also alert.

Having noticed one, and in particular several signs in their child, parents should immediately go to an appointment with a pediatric neurologist. Consultation with a specialist is also recommended because often the symptoms presented do not indicate neurological problems at all, but diseases of the digestive tract, viral infection or problems with endocrine system. This is due to the inseparable connection of the nervous system with the entire body.

Photo: Neurological problems in a child

A word about headaches

Chronic malaise, as it is customary to call a headache, is one of the leading places in prevalence among children. In many cases, it is considered a symptom indicating a number of diseases - from banal ophthalmological to brain tumors. The presence of a persistent headache is an alarming signal that may indicate big problems and neurological abnormalities developing in the child. If the pain is characterized by a gradual increase, localization on both sides of the head and a dull character, while the child's appetite and sleep are disturbed, do not postpone the examination!

Photo: The child has a headache

To the treatment neurological diseases occurred more effectively, parents should seek help in time. But first you need to remember about the constant monitoring of the behavior and well-being of the child, which are the main indicator of his condition.

Even a perfectly healthy child during the period of growing up should visit a neurologist about 20 times: at birth (in the maternity hospital), at 1, 3, 6, 9 months, and starting from the first year - 2 times a year, and from the fourth year - annually.

Such close attention to the health of the child from the side neurologist It is not at all accidental: on the one hand, disorders in the functioning of the nervous system are often detected in children, which can adversely affect their mental and physical development. On the other hand, childhood is the period of a person's life, during which the body's possibilities for the complete restoration of even completely lost functions are the widest.

Consultation of a pediatric neurologist will help parents to make sure that the child is healthy, or to identify violations at the very initial stages, when the disease can be overcome with little effort.

A child under one year old: when is a pediatric neurologist needed?

Help pediatric neurologist necessary if:

• The child is constantly crying, he has increased excitability;
• There are problems with sleep (sleep is superficial, often wakes up);
• There are problems with food (the child is spitting up a lot, with a fountain);
• During crying, when excited or in a calm state, you notice that the chin and arms of the baby are shaking;
• The child lags behind in development, does not know how to do what is supposed to be according to age norms;
• The baby, when resting on the legs (on "toe" or foot), bends the fingers;
• There are twitching of the arms and legs (convulsions) during the rise in temperature;
• If the child was injured in the head, neck, back;
• If the child has convulsions, convulsive seizures;
• If you are worried about your child's behavior.

A child after a year: when do you need a consultation with a neurologist?

You should definitely make an appointment with a pediatric neurologist if:

• Your child sleeps restlessly, wakes up frequently, has trouble falling asleep;
• The child complains of frequent headaches, dizziness, fainting;
• The child is lagging behind in physical, speech or mental development from children of their own age;
• It is difficult for a sufficiently adult child (over 5 years old) to concentrate, memory is impaired, he is restless, quickly gets tired;
• A child over 4 years old suffers from urinary incontinence (enuresis): wakes up wet at night or urinates under him during the day;
• Decreased vision and transient visual impairment, that is, the child complains of a temporary decrease in it, a look "into the pipe", a veil before the eyes, etc .;
• The child has spontaneous (not associated with trauma) nosebleeds;
• Poor transport tolerance;
• The child suffered a traumatic brain injury.

Neurological examination at Medford

What happens at the appointment of a pediatric neurologist?

• The doctor will listen to complaints, ask about past diseases and lifestyle, assess the level of development of the child, give recommendations on the prevention of painful conditions in the child; will help to understand why the movements of the child have any peculiarities or why the child has not yet learned what his peers already know;
• During the examination, vision, muscle strength, coordination, reflexes and sensitivity are checked;
• Depending on the results obtained, he will prescribe additional examinations and (or) treatment.

In our medical center small patients, if necessary, can pass full examination, including:

• Ultrasound diagnostics, at which it is possible to assess the state of cerebral vessels and cervical region, as well as the structure of the brain (ultrasonography, neurosonography). Ultrasound diagnostics are carried out by leading neurologists and neurosurgeons, who, if necessary, can immediately conduct a professional assessment of the state of the nervous system, make a diagnosis and prescribe further treatment;
• Electroencephalography (EEG), with the help of which it is also completely painless for the child to determine the functional state of the brain, its electrical activity;
• consultation neuro-ophthalmologist, where the doctor will look at the state of eye health, according to the condition of the vessels of the fundus and eye symptoms determine the presence or absence of pathology of the nervous system. The examination is also completely painless and safe;
• Reception defectologist and speech therapist who will be able to determine the existing delay in the development of speech, and, if necessary, conduct a course of remedial classes;
• consultation child psychologist who will objectively assess the development of your child and help you cope with problems, if any;
• Advanced psycho-neurological counseling leading professors in the field of neurology and psychology (unlimited treatment and consultation visit);
• Online consulting with professors-neurosurgeons from leading departments of the Russian Federation.

"Complex neurological programs"

Reception leads:

Prikhodko Vasily Vasilievich

Functional diagnostics doctor Neurologist Epileptologist

Education

• Residency in the specialty "Neurologist", Ural State medical Academy(2007)
• Diploma in the specialty "Medicine", Chelyabinsk State Medical Academy of the Federal Agency for Health and social development(2009)
• Internship in the specialty "Neurology", Ural State Medical Academy (2010)

Refresher courses

• "Functional Diagnostics", Chelyabinsk State Medical Academy of the Federal Agency for Health and Social Development (2012)
• "Clinical Electroencephalography", School of Clinical Electroencephalography and Neurophysiology. L.A. Novikova (2012)
• "Vegetative Disorders", First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov (2016)
• "General electromyography" (2016)

Member of medical associations

• Member of the Society of Neuromuscular Diseases Specialists.

Specialization

• Diagnosis and treatment of paroxysmal conditions, including epilepsy in children and adults;
• Diagnosis and treatment of neurological pathology in children;
• Delayed motor development;
• Disorders of psychological development;
• Speech disorders;
• Emotional and behavioral disorders in children and adolescence;
• Tiki;
• Headache;
• Somatoform disorders of the autonomic nervous system;
• sleep disorders;
• hereditary diseases nervous system;
• Diagnosis and treatment of neurological pathology in adults;
• cognitive impairment;
• pain syndromes;
• Functional disorders nervous system;
• Conducting neurophysiological examinations: EEG, EEG - video monitoring, surface stimulation electromyography, needle electromyography.

Reception leads:

Nosko Anastasia Sergeevna

Neurologist
epileptologist
Botulinum Therapy Specialist

Candidate of Medical Sciences

Specialization:

• Neurology;
• Botulinum therapy.

Since 2006, he has been actively using drugs for botulinum therapy in his practice to correct increased muscle tone in patients with cerebral palsy, the consequences of strokes, injuries and neuroinfections, spastic torticollis, dystonia various genesis. During her internship in the UK, she mastered a unique technique for performing injections under ultrasound guidance.

Education:

• MMA them. I.M. Sechenov, specialty "Medicine";
• Clinical residency in neurology at the Department of Pediatric Neurology, RMAPO (Moscow);
• PhD thesis defense in 2007.

Refresher courses:

• Specialization in clinical EEG (L.A. Novikova School of Clinical Electroencephalography and Neurophysiology) and ultrasound diagnostics in pediatrics (RMAPO).

Achievements:

• In 2011, she received a scholarship established by the Princess Diana Trust to study young scientists in the UK and completed an internship under the Clinical Fellow contract at the Great Ormond Street Hospital (London): Department of Neurological Disability and Botulinum Therapy. Wolfson and Neuro-Muscular Center. Dubovitz;
• Member of the European Society of Pediatric Neurologists.

Work experience:

• Employee of the Department of Pediatric Neurology of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, where he conducts teaching and scientific activities;
• Between 2006 and 2011 - Head of the Psycho-Neurological Department of the Russian rehabilitation center"Childhood", specializing in the diagnosis and rehabilitation of children with such diseases as cerebral palsy, the consequences of CNS injuries, neuroinfections, strokes, neuromuscular diseases, CNS malformations, Down's syndrome and mental development disorders of various origins.

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address: Aviamotornaya st., 4, building 3

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REVIEWS

• Natalia

  The doctor is positive. I liked the doctor with his approach to the child and the quality of the consultation. The appointment lasted an hour. She explained everything to us understandable language. We signed up for a follow-up appointment.

• Lily

  I am from another city and was looking for the best doctor. I really liked Vasily Vasilyevich, he is an attentive specialist, he explained everything to me on the problem. He is very attentive, kind and professional in his work.…

• Larisa

  The reception was very attentive, excellent and professional. The doctor asked me professional questions and listened to everything carefully. Explained to me what was worth trying and what was not.

• Olga

  Murad Ikramovich has a lot of knowledge. The doctor answered very detailed and explained everything to the parents in an understandable language. He listened carefully and examined the child.

• Elizabeth

  I would like to express my gratitude to the doctor-neurologist Gadzhiev! A good, wonderful doctor, plus he is very sensitive, he approaches people well and accepts not just to get rid of. The doctor looked at my results...

• Maria

  We express our gratitude to the psychologist - Shtenfeld Seraphim - for help in solving complex issues and a positive attitude! You are a true professional!

• Samokhin

  I want to express my gratitude and say a huge thank you to Dr. Proskuryakov Kirill Vladimirovich! For his excellent attitude towards patients, understanding. He is a specialist with a capital letter. He explains everything…

• Marina

  Chamkina L.N. is a wonderful doctor of functional diagnostics, they did an enmg for a 2-year-old child. Very carefully and accurately carried out the procedure, the doctor gave the result immediately, answered all our questions,. Us…

• Zalina

  A very attentive doctor. He knows his job. Murad Ikramovich listened to me attentively, wrote out appointments and additional examinations. It is immediately clear that he is in the right place.

• Elena

  I liked the neurologist Zhamyanov Valery. He made a favorable impression. I liked the thoroughness, attentiveness. He listened and asked questions. We are satisfied and will use him again.

• Anastasia

  Psychologist Yevgeny Vyacheslavovich is very pleasant, knows how to find contact, create a suitable environment. In general, I really liked it.

• Tatiana

  I liked everything. Serafima is very good, attentive, the approach is very good, the child and I are satisfied. A psychologist of a good, high level, helped the child.

• Hope

  I liked Dr. Hajiyev and it seems to me that he professionally assessed the situation and gave the necessary recommendations.

• Julia

  Everything was wonderful. We were taken care of and listened to. Everything is top notch. Everything he could, Gadzhiev did.

• Natalia

  All was good. We liked Seraphim and will go again. She gave us helpful and helpful advice.

• Medea

  Wonderful welcome. Not one professor can be compared with Murad Ikramovich. It's just a find.

• Dmitry

  I went to this clinic for ultrasound diagnostics. Great service! Attentive staff. Fast, clear, efficient. Thank you!

• Evgenia

  I liked everything, the doctor gave the impression of a pleasant and sensitive person, as well as a competent specialist (because there is something to compare with). The price is quite acceptable. It’s too early to talk about the results, as it remains to be…

• Olesya

  Gadzhimurad Ikramovich, the best doctor I have met. After inspection, he wrote good treatment, the result was not long in coming and from the first days of taking the prescribed medications, the state of health improved, which ...

• Sofia

  Everything was great, I was very satisfied. Anastasia Nosko has just cured. I am very pleased to have met her.

NEWS & EVENTS

• 30.04.2019
  Congratulations on the coming spring holidays!

  On behalf of the entire team of our clinic, we wish you a good rest, gain strength and energy, recharge with vitamin D in the first days of May! The schedule of our work for the holidays: May 1 and May 9 - a day off! The rest of the days we work as usual from 9:00 to 21:00 by appointment! Registration by phone: 8-495-011-00-30!

• 29.12.2018
  New Year holidays 2018-2019. Schedule!

  The administration and staff of the Medford Medical Center sincerely congratulates all our regular and future visitors on the New Year and Merry Christmas! We wish you a healthy and happy new year! Holiday work schedule.

Pediatric neurology - a relatively young branch of medicine, which originated at the junction of two areas: neuropathology and pediatrics. However, it has become very important in the field of clinical disciplines.

This area is one of the most difficult in medicine. It is in childhood that deviations from development and various pathologies that affect the formation of neuropsychic activity may begin to appear.

Certainly work neurologist in this area is incredibly responsible, because the further life of the child, his social adaptation, physical and mental health depends on his decision.

In this article, we will look at some of the most common diseases, as well as their diagnosis and treatment methods. Let's designate the most common neurological diseases in children.

TBI and back injury

Traumatic brain injury includes compression, concussion or bruising of the brain. As a result of TBI, a child may develop asthenic syndrome, characterized by rapid fatigue, irritability, isolation and self-doubt. Also, the patient often develops vegetative dystonia syndrome, which includes arterial hypertension, sinus tachycardia, bradycardia, hypotension and impaired thermoregulation.

Injuries spinal cord divided into bruise and compression. With a bruise, persistent neurological disorders such as paralysis, anesthesia, and a variety of pelvic disorders can be observed. Another serious consequence of trauma is a violation of urination.

Microcephaly

This disease characterizes a significant reduction in the skull, which affects the size of the brain. As a result, the child can observe mental insufficiency in one way or another. The disease may be congenital, or it may manifest itself in the first years of a child's life. This is a fairly serious defect that affects the functioning of the brain and central nervous system. In some cases, microcephaly can lead to oligophrenia.

Also, with this disease, in addition to mental retardation, defects in speech and motor skills may appear, caused by muscle spasm or paralysis.

Hydrocephalus

Another name for this disease is dropsy of the brain. It is characterized by an increase in the volume of the ventricles of the brain, sometimes to critical sizes, arising from excessive secretion of cerebrospinal fluid and its accumulation in the region of the brain cavities.

Symptoms of hydrocephalus in children most often appear during prenatal formation, which makes it difficult to establish the causes. Because of this disease, a deformation of the skull occurs - a strong bulge of the frontal lobe, a noticeable manifestation of venous vessels at the temples, as well as a significant expansion of the fontanelles and a syndrome of displacement of the eyes upward, where they hide under the superciliary arches.

Hyperactivity

Hyperactivity is expressed in excessive energy and mobility of the child, which often leads to impaired attention. Behavioral features of behavior in most cases include sleep disturbance, lack of appetite, anxiety and neurological habits (for example, when a child constantly bites his nails).

Because the brain of a child with hyperactivity does not process the information that comes to it, it becomes uncontrollable. It is much harder for such a child to master the skills of reading, writing, etc., and when communicating with peers, conflicts often arise.

The syndrome of this disease often arises for a number of the following reasons:

• mother's presence chronic diseases during pregnancy;
• the toxic effect of the mother on the fetus (alcohol, smoking, chemical poisoning, etc.);
• injuries and bruises of the mother during pregnancy;
• complications of labor, manifested in hemorrhage, asphyxia;
• unnatural course of childbirth ( C-section, stimulation of childbirth, rapid birth or, conversely, a delayed course of labor activity)
• ecology in the region of residence;
• transmission of certain diseases.

Oligophrenia

Oligophrenia (aka mental retardation or dementia) is a congenital or acquired form of underdevelopment of the child's psyche. The symptomatology of this disease can be traced in the form of damage to the mind due to inhibition of personality development against the background of pathological abnormalities of the brain. It often manifests itself in the speech and motor skills of the child, his volitional and emotional qualities.

There are several options for classifying oligophrenia, but we will consider the most traditional:

In this case, the syndrome of oligophrenia can be differentiated and undifferentiated.

Autism

This disease is characterized by the fact that a sick child has problems with social adaptation and perception of society. Such patients are rarely able to express their own emotions and practically do not understand other people's manifestations of feelings. Also, autistic people are characterized by speech retardation, in rare forms of development - a decrease in mental activity.

Autism, first of all, is a congenital disease, whose symptoms are manifested in a slightly retarded development of the child: in his poorly developed or absent speech at all, inability to behave in the same way as children of his age, avoiding eye contact.

However, autistics do not have any characteristic behavior, each case is considered separately. The causes of autism are not known for certain. It can only be stated with certainty that this disease is inherited and is in no way connected with the psychological situation in the family.

Diagnosis and treatment

Below are some of the reasons why you should seek advice and examination by a pediatric neurologist .

Sleep problems, reduced muscle tone and frequent crying sometimes indicate disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system. The sooner the neurology and its cause are identified, the greater the chances for a quick recovery and proper development.

Neurology of children under one year old - reasons

Neurological disorders in children are associated with damage to the brain and spinal cord, cerebellum and peripheral nerves. Malfunction of the nervous system can be congenital, when pregnancy was accompanied by complications or the child was born with genetic defects laid down at the beginning of embryonic development. Acquired after birth disorders are observed with malnutrition, after injuries and a serious manifestation of allergies.

Most common causes cerebral palsy associated with the prenatal period, these are premature and difficult births, fetal infections, genetic problems. Epilepsy is often the result of trauma, infections, tumors, brain damage. Another cause of epilepsy is systemic disorders such as hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, uremic syndrome, chemical poisoning, and the result of an increase in body temperature above 39 degrees.

Experts are still looking for an answer to the question why the same factors act differently on different children - some babies are born healthy, while others have pathologies of varying severity. This is probably due to the characteristics of a small organism and its sensitivity.

Symptoms of neurology in children under one year old are not always a cause for concern. If such signs as crying and insomnia are temporary, then this is a variant of the norm - modern crumbs often react with capriciousness to weather changes or an excessive amount of impressions. Tremor (trembling of the hands) disappears after the third month of life, in premature babies after 4-5 months. The size of the fontanel and its closure may deviate slightly from the norm, provided that the growth of the head is correct and there are no other developmental complications.

Startle in sleep is not always a pathology, it is normal for any age, if they are not observed during the entire period of sleep. Starting while urinating is not a reason to visit the doctor in the first year of the crumbs. Increased muscle tone (hypertonicity) in newborns returns to normal at the 5th month of life (the maximum allowable period).

When to go to the doctor

A scheduled visit to a neurologist is mandatory in the first, third, sixth and twelfth months. During the examination, the specialist can voice complaints and ask questions. The neurologist will examine the child for disorders and give recommendations regarding treatment and try to find the causes that caused the disease (if any). Consultation is needed as soon as possible when the following symptoms are observed:

• While crying, the child throws his head back.
• Congenital ones do not fade away six months after birth.
• The baby does not respond to bright lights or the noise of a rattle.
• Does not hold head after first thirty days of life.
• Saliva is profusely secreted after feeding.
• There are difficulties in feeding, the baby cannot swallow food.
• Increased anxiety, no need for sleep.
• The baby does not hold the rattle 30 days after birth.
• He loses consciousness, convulsions or temporary "off" consciousness (absences) are observed.
• Falls into the head of the fontanel.
• Often cries, has difficulty falling asleep.
• Does not imitate the speech of adults after the third month of life.
• Does not like to lie on his stomach (a typical sign of children with neurological disorders).
• Does not cry, passive behavior, sleep takes more than 20 hours a day.
• It is difficult to change clothes due to strong muscle tension.
• The baby constantly arches the body or tilts its head to the side.

If neurology in children under one year old is not treated against the recommendations of a doctor or was not noticed, at an older age this will lead to speech delay, inability to concentrate, learn and control behavior. The most “harmless” outcome is headaches and emotional instability.

Rehabilitation

If developmental disorders are detected, the neurologist sends for additional examinations and consultations with other specialists, for example, an otolaryngologist and an ophthalmologist, in order to find out the causes and choose correct treatment. Therapeutic methods vary depending on the diagnosis, usually a course of massage and medication is prescribed to restore the functioning of the nervous system.

It is important to start the course of restoration of hearing and vision as early as possible, preferably before the first six months of life. After the first year, treatment no longer gives such positive results, and neurology progresses faster, which leads to disability. In severe cases of disorders of nervous and mental functions, treatment is aimed at improving the current condition.

It is extremely important during treatment to observe proper nutrition child, if the mother is breastfeeding, it is necessary to choose only natural products, avoiding ready-made meals with the addition of artificial flavors and flavor enhancers. Also during breastfeeding you can use additional sources of minerals and vitamins (dietary supplements). Positive effect on brain development and nervous system provide omega-3 supplements.

In addition to a healthy diet, neurology in children under one year of age requires stimulation of development in various ways - for example, reading fairy tales and walking in the fresh air, encouraging physical activity. These simple steps provide positive influence on mental abilities and help the body cope with all disorders and the causes of their appearance.