Staphylococcus aureus symptoms in adults. When and how to treat Staphylococcus aureus? Drug Overview

Staphylococci are called pathogenic microorganisms that form mainly on the mucous membrane of the nose, nasopharynx and throat. They cause inflammatory and purulent diseases that adversely affect the body. With their excessive accumulation, pathologies such as stomatitis, caries, gingivitis, tonsillitis and others are possible. Therefore, with the manifestation of diseases and deterioration of health, it is necessary to consult a medical specialist.

The reasons why epidermal pathogenic staphylococcus appears

Staphylococcus bacterium under the microscope

Currently, there are many types of staphylococcus, some of which are always present in the human body, but do not affect the development of diseases. One of these is the epidermal Staphylococcus aureus, it begins its action when exposed to the body of certain factors. It often affects the skin and mucous membranes. The main reasons for the appearance of a microorganism are the following:

Violation of the rules of personal hygiene- everyone knows that cleanliness is considered a guarantee of health, because a dirty body and hands carry a large number of pathogenic bacteria and microbes, including staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, after using the toilet, before eating, wash your hands thoroughly with antibacterial soap. You should also monitor the products, it is advisable to pour boiling water over vegetables and fruits.
Direct infection- occurs through the usual handshake, hugs, as well as when using other people's cosmetic accessories or wearing clothes that are not their own.
Overuse of antibiotics- adversely affects the state of health, can lead to problems with digestive system, dysentery. Uncontrolled use of drugs in high doses can contribute to the development of staphylococcal infections. Therefore, before using the tablets, you need to consult a doctor.
Decreased immune status of the body — main factor formation of diseases of the throat and nose by Staphylococcus aureus. It can be triggered by hypothermia, the presence of concomitant pathology, nervous strain and poisoning.

Is Staphylococcus aureus contagious and transmitted from a carrier?
Staphylococcus is considered the most dangerous causative agent of many diseases and is transmitted by airborne droplets.

Symptoms and signs of Staphylococcus aureus

The most common sites of staphylococcal infection are the mucous membranes of the throat and nose. However, not all people can suspect the pathogen at the initial stage.

The following symptoms help to identify the presence of staphylococcus aureus:

Constant runny nose.
Lasts for a long time fever body.
The occurrence of intoxication.
Problems with the digestive system.
The appearance of various violations skin in the form of sores, pimples or abscesses.
Nasal congestion.

Signs of staphylococcus in the defeat of the nose, throat and nasopharynx are noticeable swelling and redness of the tonsils, an increase in size lymph nodes, as well as pain and the presence of pus.

If the above symptoms are part of life, it is safe to assume the development of staphylococcus aureus in the nose and throat. In this case, you need to contact a medical specialist and undergo an examination.

Why is Staphylococcus aureus dangerous?
Staphylococcus aureus is very dangerous, if left untreated, it can lead to the formation serious illnesses like meningitis and blood damage.

Photo gallery:

Staphylococcus in the nose

Staphylococcus in the throat

Staphylococcus in the nose

Staphylococcus in the throat

Staphylococcus in the nose

Diagnosis and norm of analysis from the nose

If a staphylococcal infection is suspected, diagnostic measures should be taken. They are made in special laboratory facilities, the material is taken from the mucous surface of the throat, nose and pharynx.

Bacteriological culture of Staphylococcus aureus

When bacteriological seeding, it is necessary to follow certain recommendations and techniques, everything must be sterile.

How to properly take a swab from the throat and nose for Staphylococcus aureus and decipher the analysis is described in ours.

After sampling, everyone is taken to the laboratory and cultured, the results of which determine the presence of a microbe in the body. If staphylococcus was sown after sowing a, this indicates its presence on the mucous membrane of the nose and throat.

The norm of analysis is 103 CFU / ml in adults and 104 CFU in childhood up to a year. If the indicators are higher than such values, this indicates the defeat of the body by staphylococcus aureus.

If a pathogenic microorganism, staphylococcus, is detected, an additional test for antibiotics is carried out. But basically this group of drugs does not affect it.

How and how to treat staphylococcus aureus?

If the tests confirmed the presence of staphylococcus in the mucous membrane of the nose and throat, treatment should be started immediately. Because untimely assistance can lead to complications in the form of damage to the circulatory and nervous systems, the development of pneumonia, meningitis and other dangerous pathologies is possible.

First of all, therapy is aimed at destroying the pathogen through the use of various drugs, as well as traditional medicine.

It is necessary to treat infections of the nose and throat as prescribed by a doctor; it is not advisable to take therapies on your own. Because Staphylococcus aureus tends to spread quickly and does not respond to antibiotics. Conversely, if drugs are used incorrectly, side effects and complications of the disease.

The mucous membrane of the nose and throat under the attack of Staphylococcus aureus

How long is Staphylococcus aureus disease in the nose and throat treated?
staph infection nose and throat can be treated with various people differently, it is affected by immunity and the severity of the pathology. Basically, the average therapy is 3-4 weeks.

Washing the nose with staphylococcus aureus

An effective method of treatment for a pathogenic pathogen is considered to be washing the nasal passages. To do this, use the following tools:

Miramistin- a widespread antiseptic, effective against various pathogenic anaerobes and aerobes. It has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, promotes the destruction of viruses, bacteria and microbes. Used both topically and externally as a nasal rinse.

The drug is used until clean waters, it has some contraindications, so it is advisable to use after the appointment of a medical specialist.

Before using the listed funds, it is necessary to consult a doctor, he will tell you the dosage, frequency of use and the possibility of using one or another remedy.

Folk remedies in the fight against staphylococcal infection

In the treatment of staphylococcal infections of the nose and throat, traditional medicine methods are widely used. They also have a beneficial effect on the general well-being of the patient, help to reduce inflammatory processes mucosa, suppress the action of the pathogen. Traditional medicine recipes should be used after consultation with a medical specialist to avoid complications and the widespread spread of germs.

The following folk methods are considered the most common:

Antibiotic therapy for Staphylococcus aureus

The main method of treatment for staphylococcal infections is the use of antibiotics. But due to the increased resistance of microbes to drugs, before their appointment, a test and diagnostics are carried out (a swab from the nose and pharynx).

The most used and common drugs are:

In addition to the drugs listed above, medical specialists complex therapy is prescribed in the form of:

Immunomodulators that increase the body's resistance to the pathogen. These include Poludan, Taktivin.
Antihistamines - they reduce swelling, inflammation. effective medicines Tavegil, Diazolin are considered.
Vitamins, such drugs increase the immune status and help the body fight pathogenic microbes (Alphabet and others).

In the fight against Staphylococcus aureus, a wide spectrum is used.

Features of treatment during pregnancy

If staphylococci were detected during diagnosis in a pregnant woman, it is necessary to start therapy in a timely manner. It should be gentle, you need to be especially careful when choosing antibiotics and other drugs, as there is a risk of damaging the fetus.

Most expectant mothers are prescribed drugs local application. The causes of infection that affects the mucous membrane of the nose, throat and throat is a weak immune system. Therefore, women are advised to eat right, be more often in the fresh air, be less nervous and take vitamins.

Use traditional medicine in this case, it is undesirable, as well as taking antibiotics on your own. At the first symptoms, it is necessary to visit a doctor who will prescribe a comprehensive and correct treatment.

Staphylococcus aureus in children

The occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in childhood is considered quite dangerous, especially if the child is less than a year old. Because at this time, the immune system is not fully formed and the body is very vulnerable to various pathogens and diseases.

If there is a microbe on the mucous membrane of the throat, nose and throat, therapy should be started immediately. Depending on the severity and individual features, treatment lasts up to 3 months or more.

The main methods of treatment for young children is the use of an antiseptic, which is used to wipe the mucous membranes. In addition, antibiotics and other drugs are also prescribed in doses allowed for the baby.

If such methods do not bring the desired result, the child is hospitalized, as dangerous complications up to death.

Staphylococcus in the nose- this is the presence in the nasal mucosa of a bacterium that can cause a purulent-inflammatory disease. There are more than 20 varieties of staphylococcus, and most of them are constant companions of a person and are normally present on the mucous membranes, including the nose. At the same time, they do not cause an inflammatory process.

However, among all varieties, there are several pathogenic bacteria, the most dangerous of which is Staphylococcus aureus. Normally, it should not be in the body. Once inside, including on the nasal mucosa, staphylococcus begins to actively multiply, poisoning the human body with its toxins and causing an inflammatory process.

In addition to Staphylococcus aureus, inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity can cause epidermal and hemolytic staphylococci.

According to statistics, up to 20% of the adult population are permanent carriers of staphylococcus in the nose, while in 60% of people it lives in the nasopharynx periodically, and only in 5% of people the nasal mucosa is not populated by these bacteria, thanks to excellent local immunity.

Symptoms of staphylococcus in the nose

In some cases, a person may not be aware that one or another type of staphylococcus lives in his nose. This is an asymptomatic carrier. But in the presence of a number of favorable factors, for example, with a decrease in immune forces, with an exacerbation of chronic diseases, with hypothermia, with nasal injuries and for other reasons, the bacterium begins to actively grow and multiply. In some people, pathogenic staphylococcus, immediately after contact with the nasal mucosa, causes inflammation.

This leads to the appearance of a characteristic clinical picture:

The appearance of a runny nose, which is called in medicine.

An increase in the mucous secretion, which is initially transparent, but after a short time, impurities of pus are found in it.

Difficulty breathing, which is associated with blockage of the nasal passages.

Violations of the sense of smell, the inability to fully sense the smells.

Breathing through the mouth, which is fraught with the development of complications in the form of inflammation of the larynx, trachea and bronchi.

The danger that an inflammatory reaction occurs in the nose caused by a staphylococcal infection lies in the possibility of a rapid spread of the process not only to the respiratory tract, but also to neighboring organs. That is, not only the nearby sinuses, trachea, larynx or tonsils can suffer. By hematogenous or lymphogenous route, the bacterium is able to reach the lungs, liver, heart, etc.

Often there is the following clinical picture: a patient who suffered only from, after a few days, if left untreated, begins to notice signs of adenoiditis, etc. In addition, in a certain category of people who have a predisposition, the bacterium can cause and for several days. And the beginning is the seemingly banal acute rhinitis.

A staph infection in the nose is extremely dangerous for children and the elderly. In them, the bacterium is capable of provoking not only bronchitis and tracheitis, but also massive damage to the lungs, bones, brain, kidneys and heart. In the most severe cases, the presence of staph in the nose can lead to septic infection of the blood.

That is why the detection of staphylococcal infection in newborns is the reason for inpatient treatment.

Staphylococcus aureus in the nose

It is the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity that is the favorite place for the settlement of Staphylococcus aureus. It often asymptomatically exists there long time, but in the presence of such factors as: hypothermia, SARS infection, use for a long time vasoconstrictor drops, it begins to actively multiply, causing acute rhinitis.

In the future, acute rhinitis causes serious complications, which were described above. Another danger of Staphylococcus aureus lies in its low susceptibility to drugs. penicillin series. That is, in order to select adequate therapy, it is necessary to conduct an antibiogram.

Diagnostics

Before proceeding with treatment, it is necessary to conduct a qualitative diagnosis. The main analysis that is used in medical practice in case of suspected presence pathogenic bacterium their isolation by bacterial culture. However, the patient will need to prepare for the study in order to obtain the most reliable result.

First, on this day, you should stop using any nasal drops. Secondly, do not undergo treatment with any antibacterial agents for at least a week. The only drawback of this method is that the result will have to wait at least five days.

If the diagnosis needs to be made faster, then the microscopic method of smear analysis comes to the rescue. But unlike it, the cultural method of research, namely, bakposev, will allow not only to clarify the data obtained, but also to identify a specific type of bacterium, as well as to supplement the information with an antibiogram.

After the results are obtained and staphylococci in the nose were detected in an amount exceeding the maximum mark of 106 units, it is necessary to start treatment.

Treatment of staphylococcus in the nose

Leading medication to neutralize staphylococcus aureus are antibiotics. The scheme of their administration is determined in each case individually, as well as the selection of the remedy itself.

Most often, when an infectious process is detected in the nose, the patient is prescribed an appointment medicinal product in tablet form. Although injections may be required in some cases:

For the treatment of non-Staphylococcus aureus in the nose, antibacterial drugs of the penicillin series are used. Among which ampicillin is especially popular.

If the presence of Staphylococcus aureus is detected, then it is advisable to prescribe combined agents, for example, amoxiclav or flemoclav.

In addition, the following can cope with the infection: Vancomycin, Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Cefalexin, Cefalotin.

If the pathological process in the nose cannot be corrected with antibiotics (or their administration is impossible) and threatens the development of serious complications, then treatment is prescribed using antistaphylococcal immunoglobulin or toxoid. These funds allow you to remove intoxication. In addition, it is advisable to take antistaphylococcal bacteriophages.

In addition to the above remedies, doctors prescribe the following systemic drugs:

immunomodulators, which are designed to increase the overall resistance of the body (Taktivin, Poludan, Immunorix);

anti-allergic drugs designed to relieve puffiness (Zirtek, Tavegil, Diazolin);

vitamin complexes with the addition of a mineral component (Alfavit, Supradin, etc.).

In addition, in order to increase therapeutic effect, the patient needs to use means for local treatment:

Miramistin and Chlorhexidine, used in the form of solutions for washing the nasal cavity, are antiseptics.

Protargol, Polydex, Isofra, are used for instillation into the nose, have a vasoconstrictive and antibacterial effect.

Erythromycin and Tetracycline ointment, which is applied to the skin around the nose, if it has purulent lesions.

Washing the nose with Chlorphyllipt or instillation of oil drops based on it.

The use of immunomodulators locally, in particular, the drug IRS-19 or Immudon.

If there are large abscesses on the skin around the nose, then the question of their opening is taken by the doctor. For this, the patient is sent to the surgical room.

In addition, local treatment is required to be carried out not only by treating the nasal cavity, but also by treating the throat. Absorbable tablets such as Lyzobact may be prescribed. In addition to this, the throat is irrigated with Miramistin, rinses are performed with Furacilin, soda or hydrogen peroxide. This will prevent infection of the pharynx and tonsils.

We should not forget about preventive measures, which are aimed at preventing infection or curbing the pathological growth and development of bacteria in the nose. First of all, it is the observance of the rules of personal hygiene and the maintenance of the immune forces of the body by all known methods (refusal of bad habits, rational nutrition and physical activity).

Education: In 2009 he received a diploma in the specialty "Medicine", in Petrozavodsk state university. After completing an internship in the Murmansk Regional clinical hospital received a diploma in the specialty "Otorhinolaryngology" (2010)

Staphylococci are bacteria that live on the mucous membranes and skin of humans. Until a certain point, we are not even aware of their presence in the body. But these bacteria are pathogenic, because they produce enzymes and toxins that disrupt the vital activity of cells. The active development and spread of bacteria is stopped by strong immunity. If the body's defense system fails, pathogenic staphylococci begin to attack it and cause purulent-inflammatory processes on the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs.

According to the degree of danger, staphylococci are divided into classes:

Conditionally pathogenic- cause inflammation moderate and relatively easy to treat.
Certainly pathogenic- in the absence of prompt and adequate treatment, they cause cell death and serious complications.

The main danger of these bacteria is that they are highly resistant to environment . Staphylococci can remain dried up to six months, die when high temperatures(depending on the type, the required temperature and exposure time vary) or when treated with a 5% phenol solution (30 minutes). They do not die under the influence of sunlight, during freezing and thawing. Also, these bacteria are resistant to a number of antibiotics (penicillins, methicillin). Read about the antibiotic treatment of a disease such as tubo-otitis.

About the most dangerous bacteria of this type

Staphylococcus aureus is considered the most dangerous of the unconditionally pathogenic species. It produces a special enzyme - lipase. This enzyme destroys the sebaceous plug located at the mouth of the hair follicle and breaks down fats. As a result of this exposure, purulent formations appear on the skin and mucous membranes and a number of diseases develop:

Lungs- boils, acne, imperigo.
Dangerous- pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, toxic shock.

The danger of Staphylococcus aureus lies in its amazing vitality. These bacteria do not die when dried, at a temperature of 150 degrees and in pure ethyl alcohol they remain viable for 10 minutes. Under the influence of hydrogen peroxide, the microorganism also does not die and even begins to produce an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide molecules. The bacterium lives in a strong salt solution.

Staphylococcus aureus can be found on any part of the skin or mucous membranes, but its favorite habitat is nasal cavity. The bacterium can be found in healthy people and wait for a favorable moment for active development.

Symptoms of the appearance of bacteria in the nasopharynx

Suspicions should be raised by the following phenomena:

Redness of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx and skin in the nose.
Elevated temperature.
Nasal congestion or prolonged runny nose that cannot be cured with traditional remedies.
Ulcers.
General intoxication.
Atrophy of the nasopharyngeal mucosa.

Getting on the nasopharyngeal mucosa, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria can cause otitis media, tonsillitis, sinusitis and other diseases of the upper respiratory tract. That is why it is so important to go to the hospital and get tested. The patient may be mistaken in believing that the disease is caused by viruses or hypothermia. Treatment with anti-cold drugs or antibiotics is not only useless, but also aggravates the situation. How to treat, find out on our website.

If the disease causes sinusitis, the above symptoms are supplemented by general malaise and chills. As the disease progresses, the eyelids become red and swollen, pain appears in facial area passing into the teeth, nose and forehead. Pressure on the skin around the nose causes the pain to spread to the area under the eyes.

Under what conditions does infection occur?

Infection occurs by food, household and airborne droplets.

Unfortunately, the highest chance of catching these bacteria is visit medical institutions . The cause of infection can be insufficiently sterile medical instruments, dirty hands. If necessary, the use of artificial lung ventilation, intravenous catheter and nutrition, hemodialysis.
Very high risk of infection tattoos or piercings. Only a small part of tattooists observe the necessary sanitary standards.
Favorable circumstances for the active development of bacteria and the onset of diseases occur when weakened immunity. Also, diseases can begin against the background of dysbacteriosis, infectious diseases abuse of antibiotics.

How is the treatment of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus in the nose in children and adults usually carried out?

Methods of treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose

Therapy is necessary when Staphylococcus aureus leads to the development of an inflammatory process in the nasal mucosa and causes certain diseases: sinusitis, otitis media, rhinitis and others. The difficulty lies in the fact that the bacterium is activated against the background of a decrease in immunity and cannot be treated with penicillin preparations.

During the examination, doctors determine the sensitivity of bacteria to specific antibiotics. The wrong choice of drugs leads to increased infection and spread through the blood throughout the body. This can cause a number of serious complications: osteomyelitis, purulent skin lesions, endocarditis, meningitis, staphylococcal sepsis, and others.

Most often doctors prescribe Dicloxacillin, Ceftriaxone, Oxacillin, Vancomycin, Amoxiclav, Ofloxacin, Unazine.
Very effective is the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose Chlorophylliptom. The active ingredients are extracts of chlorophylls a and b isolated from eucalyptus. The drug is available in the form of alcohol, oil tincture or in the form of tablets. Chlorophyllipt has a narrow spectrum and primarily destroys staphylococci. In the presence of individual intolerance essential oil eucalyptus drug can cause skin allergies, swelling of the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx and face.
Despite resistance to the strongest antibiotics, Staphylococcus aureus is very susceptible to common Zelenka. With the formation of pustules, a green diamond is recommended to be used to treat damaged areas. In difficult cases, a surgical opening of suppuration and cleaning with antibacterial drugs is performed.
They also practice the treatment of staphylococcus in the nose with ointments. Among the latest drugs highly effective in the treatment of staphylococcal inflammation has English ointment Baktroban. Active ingredient- antibiotic mupirocin, which has a local effect on bacteria.
There is a way to suppress bacteria bacteriophages. Some types of viruses have the ability to destroy the microorganisms of Staphylococcus aureus. Doctors in the laboratory create a liquid environment inhabited by these types of viruses and apply it to the affected areas.
The most important point complex therapy is strengthening immunity sick. Patients are prescribed vitamin-mineral complexes, immunomodulators. Also, patients should observe the rest regimen, change the diet.

Now let's talk about the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose folk remedies.

Soft and effective folk remedies

Alternative methods of treating Staphylococcus aureus in the nose should be combined with drug therapy by consulting with your doctor. Bacteria are afraid of a number of plants: plantain, sage, echinacea root, burdock and others. With serious staphylococcal diseases, one of these plants will not be able to cope with the infection, and it is necessary to prepare complex, multicomponent infusions.

At chronic form has excellent effect parsley and celery root juice. 1 part celery root and 2 parts parsley root, minced. We squeeze out the juice. It should be taken in a teaspoon on an empty stomach 40 minutes before a meal.
Very effective in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus are washing with infusion of burdock roots and medicinal comfrey. Grind the roots in equal proportions, pour a tablespoon of the mass with a glass of boiling water. After 30 minutes, warm, strained infusion can be used for washing.
A decoction of their burdock and echinacea should be taken for 3 days with the development of the disease. 2 tsp echinacea root and 2 tsp. burdock root pour 4 cups boiling water. Cook on low heat for about 20 minutes. Reception for half a glass 3 times a day for adults and a tablespoon 3 times a day for children over 3 years old.

Speaking about the treatment of staphylococcus in the nose of a child or pregnant women, it is important to remember the safety requirements.

Safe treatment in children and pregnant women

The choice of antimicrobial therapy for children and pregnant women can only be made by a doctor. As a rule, more gentle methods are used. In this case, the emphasis is on using local preparations, the dosage decreases depending on the condition of the patient, the form of the development of the disease and the individual characteristics of the organism.

Chlorophyllipt is one of the drugs approved for the treatment of children. Pregnant women can use rinsing with a solution, but tablets are prohibited.

You will learn about medicines for the common cold during pregnancy by.

Dr. Komarovsky will answer the question of parents about Staphylococcus aureus in the nose of a child in the video below.

Often in the treatment of staphylococcus in expectant mothers, quartzization is used. To avoid infection of the baby, immunization with staphylococcal toxoid is carried out.

Excite the medical community for more than a decade. When should this opportunistic bacterium be fought, and when not? What to do with resistant strain? How to treat him? Different doctors have different opinions on this matter. And patients are paying for this confusion, frightened by the “terrible” carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, which is actually completely harmless. Let's try to figure out how to treat Staphylococcus aureus.

Treat disease, not bacteria

The first and foremost principle that doctors should be guided by is that a staph infection is treated when it occurs.

In fact, the excessive zeal of doctors (or their mediocre competence) leads to the fact that they begin to treat patients who “fell under the distribution” of total staphylococcal diagnosis. Women in an interesting position often become victims of the vigilance of ENT doctors, from whom crops from various cavities are required without fail. The detection of Staphylococcus aureus in a smear from the nasal mucosa against the background of blooming health in the nasopharynx often entails persistent and completely unnecessary treatment, including during pregnancy.

In constipation and intestinal colic in infants, weakened immunity in children tortured with antibiotics, allergic dermatitis and many other troubles, the unfortunate Staphylococcus aureus is blamed. Meanwhile, he has nothing to do with these diseases.

So that neither you nor your loved ones fall victim to the excessive zeal of not very competent specialists, remember: you need to treat not staphylococcus aureus, but an infection! And this bacterium provokes not so many infectious diseases. And the most dangerous and severe manifestations of staphylococcal infection are meningitis, pneumonia, toxic shock syndrome and sepsis.

Armed and very dangerous: severe forms of staph infection

These diseases cannot be overlooked. treatment severe forms Staphylococcus aureus infections are dealt with by a doctor, often in the intensive care unit. The basis of therapy is antibiotics, and the main problem that doctors face in the process of treatment is antibiotic resistance. Nosocomial selected strains of staphylococcus, which "grow" in the walls of a hospital, carefully treated with antiseptics, have a truly amazing resistance to antibiotics. Only reserve preparations are able to cope with them - super-powerful heavyweights, the existence of which, fortunately, most people do not even know.

By the way, strains of resistant, the most dangerous and terrible staphylococcus, not sensitive to most known antibiotics, are called MRSA (from the English Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). The probability of "catching" a similar instance is only in people with a low immune response:

patients with HIV (AIDS), oncological diseases, severe asthma, diabetes;
old people;
patients after organ transplantation;
patients taking long-term corticosteroids, and others.

The antibiotics of choice for MRSA infection are two drugs: Vancomycin and Teicoplanin. But, we repeat: a doctor works with such infections. We will move on to a description of the more common manifestations of Staphylococcus aureus and its treatment regimens.

Staphylococcus aureus: treatment of acute intestinal infection

With the colonization of Staphylococcus aureus in the intestine, the situation can develop in different ways: reactive, according to the type of acute intestinal infection, and latently, in the form of carriage.

Acute intestinal infection, which provokes Staphylococcus aureus, proceeds as food poisoning.

Intoxication of the body, accompanied by characteristic symptoms- fever and weakness - it is not the bacterium itself that causes, but the enterotoxins that it produces.

That is why most often in such cases do not take antibiotics. The only treatment for acute intestinal infection of Staphylococcus aureus is to compensate for fluid loss. The disease resolves on its own, 4-5 days after the onset.

However, such a simple scheme is unacceptable when the disease is very severe. More aggressive treatment will be needed by small, especially newborn children and the elderly with acute intestinal staphylococcal infection. In such situations, there is a risk of developing acute gastroenteritis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, including with damage to the mucous membrane. In order not to “wait for peritonitis,” as the surgeon from the film “Pokrovsky Gates” said, you will have to fight the infection more thoroughly.

A thorough fight involves taking antibiotics. As a rule, drugs of the group are prescribed second or third generation cephalosporins. If the patient is able to take pills, oral antibiotics are used; if vomiting cannot be controlled, injections are used.

In addition, in acute intestinal infections, in some cases, drugs are prescribed to stimulate the immune system - and anti-staphylococcal immunoglobulin.

Carrier is a problem that has a solution

Carrying a staphylococcal infection is a special topic for conversation. As we have already said, bacterial carriage against the background of health is not a basis for treatment. If a perfectly healthy child or adult suddenly has a stool culture ( breast milk, swab from the nasopharynx, pharynx, vagina, and so on) Staphylococcus aureus is sown, it makes no sense to treat it. Recall that Staphylococcus aureus is a conditionally pathogenic microorganism that can live as long as you like on the mucous membranes and do no harm.

About 70% of all inhabitants of the Earth are carriers of staphylococci. Currently, 27 varieties of these bacteria are known, while 14 of them are always found on the skin or mucous membranes of a person.

Place of localization of the pathogenic environment

Quite often there is staphylococcus aureus in the nose and at the same time it should be complex. But it is important to pay attention not to the very fact of the presence of these microorganisms, but to their concentration. It is also necessary to look at which type of staphylococcus is most active. In addition, the specified microorganism is always in the intestine. When diagnosing, it is necessary to look at the detected number of bacteria.

With the development of a staphylococcal infection in the throat, diseases such as tonsillitis, gingivitis, stomatitis and others may appear. An excessive amount of bacteria in the nose leads to congestion, a constant runny nose. Also, such a lesion can be characterized by general malaise.

Symptoms of an infection

In many cases, people don't even know they have staph. Reviews of ordinary patients indicate that only after special examinations it was possible to identify this bacterium. However, there are certain external signs, indicating that a staphylococcal infection develops in the body. These manifestations include:

Chronic runny nose;

Unreasonable elevated body temperature;

The appearance of abscesses, acne, ulcers on the skin;

Flatulence;

Pain in the abdomen, disorders of the functioning of the digestive system;

The appearance of signs of general intoxication of the body.

In this case, it is not necessary to have all the symptoms in order to suspect that staphylococcus aureus has appeared in the nose and throat. Treatment in this case should be prescribed after the examination. In some cases, the disease may be asymptomatic. But this does not always mean that there are no problems. For example, when detected will be required.

Signs of bacterial growth in the nose and throat

To understand that you have begun to develop a staph infection, you can use a number of signs. But in most cases, people do not even suspect that they have not just a prolonged runny nose, but a staphylococcus bacterium. A photo of this microorganism, which looks like a bunch of grapes, does not convey all the danger.

Signs of the appearance of staphylococcus in the nose include:

Persistent runny nose;

Temperature rise;

Manifestations of general intoxication.

If the analysis for staphylococcus showed that the microorganism affected the throat, then the following symptoms may be present:

Discomfort and pain in the throat;

Swelling of the tonsils, their redness, the appearance of pustules or purulent plaque;

Temperature rise;

Enlarged lymph nodes;

Intoxication.

One of the most dangerous is Staphylococcus aureus. It causes the appearance of pustules on the skin. Children often develop rashes. If such a staphylococcal infection is not treated, then damage to other organs and systems will begin. There are malfunctions in the digestive tract, they manifest themselves in the form of abdominal pain and flatulence. At the same time, children's organisms are the least protected. The staphylococcus bacterium spreads faster throughout their body, causing the development of various inflammatory processes in organs and tissues.

It is customary to distinguish four degrees of staphylococcus. Moreover, each of them is characterized by a certain degree of activity and requires various treatments. It is necessary to distinguish between staphylococci unconditionally pathogenic, which are detrimental to blood cells, opportunistic pathogens, which contribute to the development of a minor inflammatory reaction. In addition, there are also saprophytes that cause almost no lesions.

Ways of infection

There are several options for how a staph infection can enter your body. One of the most common is the contact-household way. Therefore, you need to pay attention to hygiene issues. Even minor scratches or splinters must be treated with bactericidal disinfectants.

It is also worth knowing that Staphylococcus aureus is also transmitted through stale foods (see photo below).

We must not forget that this bacterium is part of normal microflora. But with a decrease in immunity, it can begin to activate and lead to serious illnesses. Even the seemingly harmless habit of licking your lips outdoors is a risk factor. It also increases the risk of infection with pathogenic staphylococcus aureus in those who are used to biting their nails.

But the most dangerous is this bacterium for HIV-infected people and patients with oncology. The defenses of their organisms are noticeably reduced, so staphylococcus does not encounter obstacles.

Diagnosis of the disease

Only in specialized laboratories can an analysis be made for staphylococcus aureus. For these purposes, biomaterial is taken from the throat. It's called bacterial culture. At the same time, it is important to observe high sterility and take the analysis according to the established scheme. After all, it is necessary to prevent situations in which other microorganisms can get into the test material.

The samples taken from the mucous membranes are delivered to a special laboratory, where they can determine whether there is staphylococcus in the nose and throat. Treatment, ideally, should be initiated only after the results of the tests have been received. After all, in the laboratory they not only determine which bacteria affected the body, but also make an antibiogram. It should be guided by the selection of medicines. The antibiogram shows which antibacterial agents the bacteria are sensitive to. After all, some of them can not cause any harm to staphylococcus.

Treatment tactics

After it has been established that staphylococcus aureus has become the cause of your problems, you can begin therapy. Do not wait for the immune system to cope with pathogenic microorganisms. This can only lead to complications. For example, with a primary lesion of the nasopharynx and the absence of treatment, the infection can affect the central nervous system and lead to the development of intracranial phlebitis and the formation of abscesses. Complications can be pneumonia or even meningitis.

As a rule, treatment is aimed at removing the pathogen of staphylococcus aureus and carrying out a complete sanitation of the nasopharyngeal region. Antibiotics such as Ceftriaxone, Amoxiclav, Ciprofloxacin, Oxacillin and other broad-spectrum drugs are often prescribed. But you need to focus on the results of the tests, which will show which drugs the bacteria are sensitive to.

Simultaneously with the use, it is necessary to drink drugs that should support normal level microflora in the gastrointestinal tract. You can use tools such as Linex, Laktovit, Biolact and other similar medicines.

Treating infections in the throat and nose

Having determined the type and antibiotic resistance of the pathogen that affected the body, you can begin therapy. With a low concentration of bacteria, the infection can be destroyed with the help of local means. Staphylococcus is treated with special antimicrobial solutions, sprays, decoctions, infusions. In more severe cases, it is necessary to use special anti-staphylococcal agents.

An addition to the main treatment may be the appointment of vitamin complexes that can strengthen the immune system and improve vitality. Do not forget about traditional methods of treatment. Of course, they alone will not be enough to fight the infection, but they will help speed up recovery and eliminate Staphylococcus aureus in adults. Using folk methods in the treatment of children, one must be careful, because decoctions of many herbs can be given only from the age of 12.

Chlorophyllipt oil drops can be instilled into the nose, and its cavity can be washed with an alcohol solution of the same name. You can also use the well-known antiseptic "Furacilin". You can increase the immunity of the mucous membranes with the help of the "IRS-19" remedy.

The throat can be gargled with Chlorophyllipt solution, herbal or salt infusions, decoctions of herbs. If necessary, symptomatic therapy is also recommended: painkillers and antipyretics, the use of an increased amount of fluid. By the way, doctors say that Chlorophyllipt helps to enhance the local effect of antibacterial agents on staphylococcus aureus.

Pregnancy requires a special approach to treatment. After all, far from all antibacterial drugs are allowed for expectant mothers, so the therapist should select the medicines.

Features of getting rid of infection in pregnant women and babies

When choosing medicines for expectant mothers and young children, you need to be especially careful. After all, they can not take all the drugs. But at the same time, one should not forget that staphylococcus aureus during pregnancy can cause an irreparable mark on the health of both a woman and her unborn baby. After all, the infection can be transmitted intrauterine.

If you cannot do without antibiotic treatment, then the doctor, as a rule, chooses the most benign of them. Also, at the same time, the duration of treatment is adjusted downward. Emphasis should be placed on permitted folk remedies, local therapy.

In order to prevent infection, sufficient attention must be paid to preventive measures. These include not only personal hygiene, monitoring the quality of consumed products, but also the fight against bad habits. You need to take care of yourself and stop licking or biting your lips, biting your nails. The leading role is given to strengthening the immune system and combating the manifestations of the disease. So, you need herbal either salt solutions wash your nose several times a day.

Alternative Methods

In combination with the treatment prescribed by the doctor, therapy with folk remedies can also be used. Of course, it is impossible to say that the staphylococcus aureus is sensitive to them. But they help to enhance the effect of traditional medicines and strengthen the immune system.

Choose the most suitable local means. So, for the treatment of staphylococcus that has settled in the nasopharynx, you can use the following collection of herbs: burdock root, blackberry buds, walnut leaves, roots of tricolor violet, wheatgrass, white lamb. These plants are crushed and poured with boiling water. Drink infusion in between meals for half a glass.

It is also important to saturate the body with vitamin C. For these purposes, you can eat currants in unlimited quantities, drink rosehip broth.

Among folk methods, rinsing with water fir extract is popular. Also, many recommend consuming half a kilogram of apricot pulp daily. The indicated volume of fruit can be divided into several times.

A solution of propolis has proven itself well. One teaspoon of pharmacy infusion is diluted in a glass of warm boiled water. The prepared solution is used for gargling. Also, for these purposes, you can use various phytocollections. So, for example, you can prepare an infusion of calendula, St. John's wort and chamomile if staphylococcus was found in the nose and throat. Treatment consists of a combination of traditional therapy and rinsing.

Inside you can take such a collection: thyme, wild rosemary, succession, birch buds, yarrow. Half a liter of the prepared infusion is drunk in four stages throughout the day.

Doctors, as an addition to complex therapy, often prescribe inhalations and quartzization of the nasal cavity and mouth. These methods allow you to weaken the bacteria and get rid of the infection in a shortened time.

Used drugs

In order to get rid of a staphylococcal infection, in some cases it is necessary long-term treatment. This is especially true in cases where a golden strain was detected.

Effective therapy will be in cases where only those drugs to which the bacterium is sensitive are used. It is important to pay attention to its quantity. If only a carrier state has been identified, no treatment is required. Therefore, you should not try to figure out the results of the tests yourself and choose your own drugs. The use of antibiotics at low concentrations of staphylococci will only harm the microflora.

But with a deterioration in health and the manifestation of symptoms of infection without antibacterial drugs not enough. Depending on the results, drugs such as Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Unazine, Ofloxacin, Vancomycin, Ceftriaxone, Amoxiclav, Oxacillin and other broad-spectrum drugs can be prescribed.

Also, if there is evidence, the doctor may prescribe a special staphylococcal bacteriophage. This tool is designed to destroy the specified conditionally pathogenic microflora. It can be prescribed without combination with antibacterial agents in case of detection of Staphylococcus aureus. But such treatment is possible provided that the patient has no complications, and only this strain has been detected. Such therapy should last 21 days. In combination with a bacteriophage, sorbents are prescribed. You can use the following drugs "Smekta", "Enterosgel". It is also desirable to use special immunostimulants.

After the end of the course of treatment, it is necessary to re-test. If it is found that the expected effect of therapy could not be achieved, then another repetition is necessary. But at the same time, drugs need to be changed. After all, the indicated one can develop resistance to the action of the same medicines.

After successful therapy, it is necessary to restore the microflora. For these purposes, you can use the drug "IRS-19", universal vitamin complexes, dietary supplements.