What is the normal pulse rate for an adult? What is the pulse, its rate and how to measure the heart rate correctly

The pulse is the one sound that is often associated with life. It is he who is the first sound that a person hears while in the womb - the mother's heartbeat. In adult life, the sound of a measured heartbeat is a sign of health and well-being.

Proper work of the heart vascular system guarantees long life. Is everything normal in the operation of this complex mechanism and demonstrates a pulse. The norm for women by age will differ, since in different ages at human body there are different needs for heart rate (HR).

The pulse is the echo of the contraction of the heart, it can be felt in the form of shocks in the large vessels of the human body, regardless of the age of the person, whether he is a few minutes from birth or 60 years old.

For the correct diagnosis of the heart rate, the correct measurement is important:

In children, it is better to measure heart rate in the armpit, by palpation of the carotid arteries and at the temples.
In adults, measurements are most often taken on the hands and in the hollow of the elbow.

When measuring the pulse, it is worth following a few rules and measuring in the most calm periods.

Table number 1. When it is worth and when it is not necessary to measure the pulse:

Important: for greater accuracy, measurements can be taken on each "half of the body", for example, on both arms or on both carotid arteries.

If a person does not suffer from arrhythmia, then it is enough to count for 30 seconds, and then multiply the result by a factor of 2. Even more fast way, this is to measure for 15 seconds, and then multiply by 4. If there is an arrhythmia, the measurement will have to be done for a whole minute.

For measurement in our time, you can use not only the usual method - palpation of a large vessel, but also modern methods- Wearable heart rate trackers, blood pressure monitor.

The photos and videos in this article will show how to correctly measure heart rate in a little girl and in an adult woman.

Normal heart rate in childhood

The heart rate in little girls is significantly different from what is the norm for women. The table will show how the heart rate changes with the growth of the child.

Table number 2. Normal values Heart rate in girls:

Throughout childhood, the rate of the heartbeat changes in accordance with the development of the body, it slows down due to the increase in the size of the heart, which can now drive a much larger amount of blood through itself in the same amount of time. It also affects the work of the heart by slowing down the rate of metabolic processes, which allows the heart to contract less frequently.

Pulse rate in adolescence

In adolescence, women's heart rate per minute is lower than that of girls, but still higher than that of an adult. The reason for the high heart rate is hormonal changes due to puberty and size internal organs who have not yet reached adult size.

At the same time, in the age range from 10 to 11 years, in girls the heart can beat more often than in boys at that age. This is due to the fact that girls begin hormonal changes earlier than boys.

Table number 3. Pulse rate in adolescents:

Indicators in adult women

When a woman reaches adulthood, her heart rate will be faster than that of men by several beats - from 6 to 7 beats per minute. This is due to the fact that women, as a rule, are lower than men, and blood passes through the pulmonary circulation faster. If the height of a woman is above average, then there will be no such differences.

Table number 3. Normal values in adults:

From the age of 30, as can be seen from the table, the heart rate tends to gradually increase, this is due to age-related changes and gradual wear and tear. of cardio-vascular system. So by the age of 54, the pulse will be a little more frequent than at 18.

Between the ages of 40 and 45, a woman enters menopause, when the amount of estrogen produced in the body decreases. Due to its decrease, the pulse during menopause in women increases, and can reach values of more than 84 beats per minute. A woman in such a situation should contact a cardiologist and undergo an examination. If no cardiac pathology is detected, then in this age period such numbers should not cause concern.

Important: 50 years for women is not an easy time, when there is a huge number of all kinds of changes that should not be ignored, any change in well-being must be monitored by specialists.

Why is the heart rate higher

The pulse rate is a purely individual indicator, it will depend on the state of health, emotional state, and the conditions under which the measurement takes place. As the tables show normal indicators by age, a woman's pulse at 85 will never be the same as that of a girl at 25. In some cases, the pulse may differ from the norm due to individual characteristics, while without the presence of any pathology.

Factors of a temporary increase in heart rate

become more frequent on a short time pulse can be influenced by the following factors:

medical preparations that side effects an increase in heart rate is indicated;
physical exercises;
emotionally active moments, they can be both negative and positive;
drinks that contain caffeine - coffee, tonic drinks and others;
hypothermia of the body;
overheating of the body - exposure to the open sun, bath or sauna, stuffy room;
overeating, including the abuse of food too fatty, sweet;
alcohol consumption.

Also, women have their own, female-specific causes of heart palpitations:

too heavy menstrual bleeding;
menopause;
pregnancy, especially in the presence of severe toxicosis.

It is worth knowing that these “female causes” should not provoke an increase in heart rate of more than 115 beats per minute. If this happens, then the woman should be examined by a gynecologist-endocrinologist and a cardiologist. You may need to perform some tests - a blood clinic and an analysis of female and thyroid hormones.

The reasons for the temporary increase in heart rate affect in such a way that there is an increase in the indicator than the value that the pulse is considered normal in women. The heart rate in such situations quickly returns to normal.

Important: in any situation, the pulse is normal, which should be no more than 220 beats in 60 seconds, exceeding the indicator requires close attention to yourself and seeking help if the pulse does not return to normal in the prescribed amount of time.

Causes of a pathological increase in heart rate

It happens that the normal pulse in women at rest increases due to the presence of pathological changes in the body.

Diseases and disorders that cause heart palpitations:

Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which thyroid produces too much of its own hormone. This pathology occurs in women 5.5 times more often than in men.
Neurotic states, prolonged stress.
Atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease.
Heart defects, both congenital and acquired.
Acute diseases - viral, bacterial infection, respiratory diseases, any inflammatory processes in the body, which cause an increase in body temperature.
The state of anemia, when the content of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrier protein, is reduced in a person's blood.
Blood loss is a particularly dangerous condition for internal bleeding, which is often difficult to quickly diagnose.

With age, by the age of 65, women can experience not only fluctuations in the pulse, but also instability in blood pressure. It, as well as the pulse, must be monitored in order to track the occurrence of pathological changes.

There are additional symptoms of palpitations, or tachycardia. Their knowledge will help to identify problems with the pulse, if the person himself does not feel its increase.

Signs of tachycardia:

shortness of breath - a feeling of lack of air;
a feeling of anxiety, a feeling that something terrible will happen now, often people at this moment are afraid of death;
dizziness;
pain in the region of the heart.

When exercising, the heart should beat faster, this is necessary to provide the working body with nutrients and the necessary amount of oxygen. But the rule - the pulse is not higher than 220, must be respected.

In order to track the critical excess of heart rate, it is recommended to use sports trackers to monitor the work of the heart.

Important: when playing sports, the tracker allows you to track not only too high, but also too low heart rate, in which some types of physical activity are not so effective.

Chest devices are considered the best sensors, those trackers that are worn on the wrists do not always demonstrate high accuracy.

Pregnancy

Expecting a baby is an important and worrying period.

In order not to miss the moment when the heart rate begins to drop significantly, or rise, you need to know what a normal pulse is. In a pregnant woman, such changes are very dangerous, because the cause of a decrease in heart rate can lead to a threat to life, both for the baby and for the expectant mother.

An increase in the heart rate of a pregnant woman to 75-90 beats at rest is considered a normal deviation from the norm. This indicator can be demonstrated already in the first trimester.

In subsequent trimesters, the amount of blood in a woman's body increases, and the pulse rate in pregnant women will also increase. However, you need to understand that with a pulse of 100 at rest in a pregnant woman, the expectant mother should consult a cardiologist. This is necessary to prevent excessive stress on the heart and to prevent the consequences of tachycardia - shortness of breath, panic attack, dizziness and loss of consciousness in a pregnant woman.

Important: a pregnant woman should not be embarrassed to seek help, if the slightest ailment occurs, you need to call for help from doctors, the price of delay in such situations is sometimes too high.

Why is the heart rate lower

A decrease in the speed of the heart is no less dangerous than its increase.

The pulse can decrease for various reasons:

physiological factors in which the slowdown of the heart is not a pathology - a state of rest, sleep.
pathological factors - diseases of the cardiovascular system, endocrine disorders.

With bradycardia, when the pulse drops to 40 beats per minute, there are also additional symptoms that allow the patient to identify the condition:

dizziness;
feeling tired;
malaise and feeling unwell;
labored breathing;
confusion;
pain in the chest and heart area.

If a pulse of 47 is diagnosed in women, what to do in this situation, the doctor decides, after the examination and appointment of the examination.

Is it necessary to treat, possible complications

Whether the deviation of heart rate from the norm of treatment is required - the doctor decides. It does not matter at what age the deviation of the pulse from the norm appears - at 15 years old, or at 50 years old.

The task of the patient in this situation is to seek help on time, because a long pathological change pulse can lead to the development of the following complications:

With prolonged tachycardia, the cardiovascular system wears out many times faster. The human heart is designed for a certain load while maintaining the constancy of the norm, excessive load will harm the tissues of the organ, reducing its functionality.
Bradycardia provokes insufficient blood supply. With a reduced pulse, the blood will not reach some important tissues, it will not be enough to supply oxygen and nutrients to the internal organs. With a strong violation, a convulsive state and respiratory arrest may occur.

Important: if a person who has been diagnosed with an abnormal pulse has lost consciousness, then you should immediately call ambulance.

The pulse is an indicator of how the cardiovascular system is doing its job, whether it is stable enough and how it copes with various changes occurring in the body. human body. What should be the average heart rate for women is determined by age.

There is a big difference between normal rates in girls before adulthood, in women at 35 years old and at 80 years old in older women. When a person has an assumption that the heart rate is outside the normal range, then it is worth visiting a doctor, his instructions will tell you what to do next in order to prevent serious complications.

Slowing or increased heart rate indicates the development of arrhythmias due to the influence of certain factors. If nothing is done, then failures in the heartbeat can remain on an ongoing basis, and even worsen over time. In order to avoid such problems, it is necessary to find out the features of measuring vascular pulsation and age norms. If serious deviations are detected, you should consult a doctor.

Pulse with Latin translated as a blow or a push. It is a fluctuation of blood vessels that occurs due to the cycles of the heart muscle. In total there are 3 types of pulse:

arterial;
venous;
capillary.

At healthy person The vessels should “oscillate” after an equal period of time. The rhythm is set by the heart rate (HR), which directly depends on the sinus node. The impulses it sends cause the atria and ventricles to alternately contract. If the detected pulsation is too weak or irregular, then we can talk about the development of pathological processes in the body. Easiest to identify arterial pulse. Fluctuations in capillaries and veins are determined in a hospital setting according to individual indications.

Measurement

Pulse measurement is usually carried out on the wrist. It is enough for a person to count the number of pulse waves in 1 minute. For more accurate data, it is recommended to measure both limbs. As a comprehensive examination in a hospital setting, the doctor will first find out the heart rate, then he will count the number respiratory movements(RR) for 1 minute and determining the type of breathing. The resulting indicator is especially important for assessing the development of the child.

During the measurement of the pulse, you need to pay attention to its rhythm. The shocks must be of the same strength and after an equal period of time. In the absence of deviations, it is enough to give the procedure 30 seconds, and then multiply the result by 2. If a clear violation in the heartbeat is found, then it is better to spend at least 1 minute measuring and consult a doctor. The specialist will appoint instrumental methods examinations. Chief among these is electrocardiography (ECG). It will allow you to evaluate the electrical activity of the heart and identify the causative factor of the arrhythmia. As an addition, the following tests are assigned:

Daily ECG monitoring will allow you to see changes in the work of the heart throughout the day under the influence of various factors.
The treadmill test is prescribed to assess the heart rate under the influence of physical activity.

Due to vascular problems or injuries, it is sometimes necessary to count pulse waves in other arteries. Instead of the wrist, you can palpate the neck. The vibrations will come from carotid artery.

Dependence of heart rate on various factors

The normal pulse of a person should remain within 60-90. Its frequency may increase or decrease due to certain factors.
If they are not associated with pathological processes developing in the body, then the deviation caused will be considered harmless. Stress, overwork, overeating and influence low temperature, for example, after a long walk in cold weather, only briefly disturb the usual rhythm of the heart.

The frequency of contractions may differ depending on the time of day (morning, night). After waking up, a person's pulse is the lowest, and in the evening it is closer to upper limit. Equally important is physical fitness. In athletes, the number of pulse waves at rest is slightly below normal. Such a phenomenon is associated with intense training, forcing the heart to pump more blood.

The pulse rate for men and women is not particularly different. The difference is 5-7 beats per minute. Significant deviations are detected only because of the peculiarities of the hormonal system. During menopause, which occurs at the age of fifty or sixty, and during pregnancy, female representatives may experience tachycardia and small pressure surges.

The pulse is most dependent on age characteristics:

In babies, the heart rate, even in a calm state, is much higher than the norm of an adult. The deviation is caused by the intensive growth of the body.
Children adolescence may suffer from tachycardia due to puberty and manifestations of vegetovascular dystonia (VVD). It occurs against the background of stress and anxiety, especially in high school (before exams).

In older people, the cardiovascular system is not in the best condition due to gradual wear and tear, so they are more likely to develop various pathologies. On the background age-related changes the heartbeat can be eighty to one hundred beats per minute even at rest, and the reaction to physical activity is usually more pronounced.

Pulse rate in an adult: table by age

The normal pulse of an adult by year (age) is shown in the table:

In an adult, the heart rate norms by age and the permissible pulse limits in a child under 15 years old differ significantly, which can be seen in the following table:

Age	Maximum and minimum limit	Mean
Up to 3-4 weeks	115-165	135
1 to 12 months	105-160	130
1-3 years	90-150	122
3-5 years	85-135	110
5-7 years	80-120	100
7-9 years old	72-112	92
9-11 years old	65-105	85
11-15 years old	58-97	77

Knowing what pulse is normal for women and men by age, many diseases can be avoided. Measurement should be taken at rest. Under the influence of other factors (sports, pregnancy), slight deviations are possible.

Heart rate while walking

While walking, there is a slight increase in heart rate. How many heart beats per minute will depend on the fitness of the person. In people who lead a sedentary lifestyle, the heart rate can jump up to 120, while for walkers it will remain within 90-100. To calculate the maximum allowable limit, subtract the person's age from 180.

When walking, the allowable heart rate is as follows:

15 years - 165;
35 years - 145;
55 years - 125;
75 years - 105.

Heartbeat at rest

The pulse in a calm state is determined in the morning. A person needs to sit on a chair and count the pulse. Changing body positions or taking measurements in the evening is not recommended, as the final result will be distorted.

Generally accepted norms at rest:

adults - 60-80;
elderly - 70-90;
teenagers - 70-80;
kids under 2 years old - 90-100;
newborns - 130-140.

Pulse while running

While jogging, a lot of stress is placed on the heart. People seeking to lose weight should ensure that the pulse is close to the upper limit. If the goal is to strengthen the cardiovascular system, then it is necessary to stop at an indicator that does not exceed 60-70%. To calculate the norm, you need to subtract your age from 200:

If, against the background of an increase in the pulse (within acceptable limits), the pressure indicators remain normal, then the development of pathologies will not follow. Elderly people need to be especially careful. Their body is unable to withstand heavy loads.

Acceptable heart rate during pregnancy

In a woman who is expecting a baby, closer to the 5th month, her heart rate increases. This phenomenon is associated with an increase in the volume of circulating blood against the background of fetal development. Usually the increase is insignificant and gradually the indicators return to the acceptable limit:

at 14-26 weeks there is an increase of 10-15 contractions from the norm;
the maximum increase occurs between 27 and 32 weeks;
gradual normalization occurs closer to the birth of the child.

Causes of tachycardia

Tachycardia is manifested by an increase in heart rate and is divided into physiological and pathological. The first form occurs under the influence of the following factors:

pain sensations;
physical and mental overload;
taking medications;

stress;
hot weather;
bad habits;
drinking coffee and energy drinks.

Passes physiological tachycardia on its own and rarely causes complications. The pathological form is the result of various diseases and malfunctions in the body:

ischemic heart disease (CHD);
hypertension (high blood pressure);
pathology nervous system;
oncological diseases;
malformations of the heart muscle;
diseases caused by infections;
endocrine disruptions;
anemia (anemia).

In women, the cause of tachycardia may be menorrhagia. It is a breach in menstrual cycle, which is characterized by large blood loss during menstruation.

In adolescence, the main cause of heart palpitations is a vegetative failure. It develops under the influence of irritating factors (stress, overwork) and hormonal surges. The problem goes away on its own at the end of the period of sexual development.

Features of bradycardia

A slow heart rate to 50 beats or less is called bradycardia. It is a sign of physiological and pathological factors. In the first case, the list of reasons for the decrease in heart rate is as follows:

During sleep, a person's metabolism slows down, body temperature drops slightly and heart rate decreases by about 10% of the norm. The reason for the change in indicators is the complete relaxation of the body.
When stimulating the reflex zones ( eyeballs, carotid artery) can inadvertently cause a slight slowing of the pulse.
In the elderly, bradycardia may be the result of age-related cardiosclerosis. Scattered areas of connective tissue throughout the myocardium worsen the contractility of the heart, which contributes to a decrease in heart rate
With prolonged exposure to cold, the heart rate slows down as a protective reaction. The body begins to save resources in order to resist adverse effects longer.
Constant physical activity forces the heart to work more than it should. Tissue hypertrophy begins, against which bradycardia develops. For professional athletes, a heart rate in the region of 40-45 beats per minute is considered normal.

The pathological form of bradycardia is a consequence of such factors:

inflammatory diseases of the heart muscle;
myocardial infarction;
taking antihypertensive medications;
violation of impulse conduction;
hypothyroidism (deficiency of thyroid hormones);
hypotension (low blood pressure);
stomach ulcer;
high intracranial pressure.

In the absence of the ability to identify a causative factor, the diagnosis of "idiopathic bradycardia" is made. If it is not accompanied by other disorders and the symptoms are not particularly pronounced, then it is also equated to physiological forms.

Symptoms of heart failure

Pathological forms of arrhythmia are especially dangerous. They appear quite brightly and often lead to the development of severe complications. In addition to signs of a slow or accelerated heartbeat, symptoms of the underlying pathological process may occur.

Tachycardia is characterized by the following clinical picture:

feeling of heartbeat;
dizziness;
pain and pressure in the chest;
dyspnea;

increase in pressure;
sense of anxiety;
pulsation of blood vessels in the neck;
irritability;
insomnia;
lack of air.

Bradycardia is manifested by a decrease in heart rate to 40 beats per minute and below the following symptoms:

an attack of dizziness;
pre-fainting state;
skin blanching;
growing weakness
chest pain;
fast fatiguability;
convulsive attacks;
respiratory dysfunction.

Actions in case of heart rhythm failure

Physiological arrhythmias do not require a course of therapy. Enough to avoid causative factor. Pathological forms are treated by eliminating or stopping the underlying cause. Regardless of the type of failure, it is recommended to contact a cardiologist for an examination, the results of which will be diagnosed.

With bradycardia, you will need to take heart-stimulating medications. It is desirable to combine them with folk remedies based medicinal herbs. It is possible to increase heart rate during an attack due to light physical activity, caffeine, Zelenin drops and tablets based on belladonna extract.

Rest in a well-ventilated area will help reduce the frequency and intensity of heartbeats. Before this, it is advisable to wash cold water and remove clothing that tightens the neck area. Additionally, you can do breathing exercises and take valerian tincture.

In both cases, a correction of nutrition, sports and walks in the fresh air are recommended. If it was not possible to stop the attack and the symptoms are growing, then you need to call an ambulance. Arriving specialists should be told about the measures taken to alleviate the condition.

All people who want to avoid diseases of the cardiovascular system should know the norms of the pulse by age. Deviations from acceptable limits can be physiological and pathological. In the first case, treatment is not prescribed. It is enough for the patient to learn about the methods of stopping seizures. The course of therapy for a pathological failure in the heartbeat is aimed at eliminating the causative factor.

Hello, dear readers of the blog site.

The human pulse is an important diagnostic indicator of health.

It displays the number of oscillations and shocks, vascular walls at the moment of moving blood through them during successive processes occurring in the cardiac myocardium (muscle) during its relaxation and contraction (during the cardiac cycle).

At the same time, the measured data give a complete description of the functional abilities of the cardiovascular system.

The number of pulsations per minute, the force of impact and other parameters of the pulse (filling, tension, height) determine the degree of myocardial activity and the elasticity of the walls of the vascular system, which, in combination with blood pressure (blood pressure) indicators, allows us to make a complete assessment of the state of our body.

What pulse is considered normal in a person is the topic of our article.

What pulse was considered normal in Tibetan medicine

A few facts: according to Tibetan healers, each person has a certain innate type of pulse, which persists throughout life. Only some of its characteristics and frequency of impacts can change.

By the beating of the pulse, if you hear it, and not just listen to the beating, you can determine the life expectancy of a person, the sex of future children, what diseases he will treat in a month, what pathologies he will undergo ten years later and what will be further events.

A good doctor, probing the pulsation in certain places of the left and right hand can diagnose the state of various internal organs by heart rate (HR).

Tibetan "esculapians" believe that when a healthy person inhales and exhales (one breath), there should be 5 rhythmic pulse beats that do not change for 100 breaths and exhalations.

If their number increases over the same period of time, this is a diagnostic marker " fever diseases”, affecting dense organs (liver, heart, etc.).

If there are fewer pulsating beats with one breath, this is a sure sign " cold diseases» with localization in the stomach, large intestine, urine, cystic organ, gallbladder or seed.

But not every doctor can conduct a pulse diagnosis.

What should be the pulse of a person

There is no definite single standard for the amount of heart rate (heart rate) for people.

In each case, the number of pulse beats individually, which is due to the individual characteristics of the patient - height, gender, fitness of the body, vital activity and the presence of chronic pathologies.

In medicine, it is customary to be guided the average value of the norm pulse beats.

Average heart rate in children

The average reference heart rate values in children are quite different from the heart rate in adults. What is regarded as a pathology in older patients for newborn babies considered the norm.

As the child grows older, the pulse rates gradually decrease and stop. at around 60-90 pulsations per minute. What indicators are acceptable for children are shown in the table.

It should be noted that the frequency of pulsation in children is different - in the morning one, in the evening and during the night's sleep is completely different. Most optimal time for its measurement - immediately after sleep.

Regular measurement of the child's pulse will help prevent possible problems in time, or make sure that the child's heart is working normally.

Pretty simple heart rate measurement procedure help you quickly diagnose development of possible diseases.

If children have an increased heartbeat and it is not provoked by physical or emotional stress - this is a good reason to seek medical help.

What pulse is considered normal in adults (women and men)

Normally, the heart rate in men and women differs slightly, only 5-7 strokes more for women.

This is because the size of the male heart is larger than the female one and it requires fewer myocardial contractions to move blood through the vessels.

Ideal values are practically not fixed, because the pulse of a healthy person is affected by both his activity and loads - physical and emotional.

Therefore, the heart rate can vary - be greater than the standard values and less. Comparing the indicators with the normative table (located below), one should take into account individual feature person.

Sometimes the heart rate measured at rest can differ significantly from the average norm. But, if a person’s well-being is normal and at the same time there are no unpleasant symptoms, such a discrepancy between the norm.

But, if deviations are regular, you should look for the cause, the heart rhythm itself is disturbed quite rarely. Most often, this is a consequence of any disease.

Causes of violation of the pulse rate

Among the deviations in the frequency of pulse beats, two types of disorders are noted - (more than 100 beats / min) and (slow heartbeat, less than 60 beats / min).

Both deviations, both in adults and in children, can be provoked by physiological and pathological causes.

Physiological reasons include:

emotional and physical overload;
stress and temperature fluctuations;
severe pain and long-term use medicines;
in the body.

As a rule, when the harmful effects are eliminated, the pulse quickly returns to normal.

Pathological causes include two broad groups - non-cardiac causes and cardiac pathologies.

To the group non-cardiac pathologies include:

functional disorders of the nervous system (vegetovascular dystonia);
thyroid diseases - hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism;
endocrine pathologies;
kidney disease - polycystic pathology, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis;
infections accompanied by high fever;
blood diseases.

Causes of a cardiac character due to the presence of:

congenital and acquired heart defects;
signs of hypertension;
myocardial infarction and angina pectoris;
vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis;

What diseases can a doctor detect by measuring the pulse

As a rule, violations of the heart pulse provoke diseases cardiological nature. An experienced doctor can make a preliminary diagnosis by the number of pulse beats.

But more complete picture can be obtained by comparing the pulse rate and the force of blood pressure on the vascular walls - at the time of compression and expulsion of blood into the vessels (upper systolic blood pressure), and at the time of relaxation of the myocardium (lower diastolic blood pressure) in the presence of concomitant symptoms.

Facilitates diagnostic search and gives a direct prerequisite to a certain type of disease and the need for additional examination.

First, let's decide what should be normal pulse at normal pressure, and then consider what threatens their discrepancy.

High pulse at low pressure

Especially if the condition is accompanied by characteristic symptoms, manifested:

dizziness, dull, pressing and throbbing headaches in the temples, occiput and frontal part;
lethargy, drowsiness and weakness;
rapid heart rate and shortness of breath;
decrease in performance
pallor skin and increased sweating
irritability and emotional instability.

Hypotension is consequence vascular pathology, due to the failure of flaccid, affected vessels to maintain vascular tone (expand and narrow during heart contraction).

This condition of the vessels leads to slow blood circulation, stagnation of blood in the vessels and a lack of oxygen transport to the tissues of the body. To normalize blood circulation and eliminate congestion, the heart has to work harder.

That's why high heart rate often observed with a decrease in blood pressure.

High heart rate at normal pressure

High heart rate patients with normal blood pressure, they experience constant anxiety and tension.

With absence physiological reasons, this is a sure sign of pathologies of the respiratory and hematopoietic systems, diseases of the heart and thyroid gland, and a chronic course.

An increase in heart rate provokes the development of cardiac asthma with signs of loss of consciousness, pulmonary edema, arrhythmic shock and disorders in cerebral circulation.

In this case, the symptoms appear:

dizziness and darkness in the eyes, caused by a lack of blood supply to the brain;
general discomfort;
heart pains.

Manifestation of rapid pulse with normal blood pressure due to many factors. Depends on the density of the blood, the elasticity and resistance of the vascular walls, the intensity of the frequency of contractions of the heart myocardium.

Low pulse at low pressure

Etiological factors low pressure and slow pulse (bradycardia - pulse below 50 beats / min.) Are associated mainly with various pathologies.

The main ones, cardiological, manifested:

disorders of blood circulation in the heart (ischemia), leading to a decrease in pulsation;
extensive or partial damage to the myocardium (heart attack) with signs of thrombus formation in the coronary arteries;
sometimes asymptomatic signs of heart failure;
an extensive group of cardiomyopathic pathologies that cause changes in the tissue structure of the heart and slow blood circulation in the body;
inflammatory processes in the myocardium (myocarditis) caused by autoimmune and infectious diseases, allergic or intoxication influence;
congenital or acquired anatomical defects of the heart, leading to impaired blood circulation in the heart, its pumping functions and scarring.

At the same time, many diseases develop with the manifestation of extremely mild symptoms, or asymptomatic. Characteristic features may appear sharp pains in the chest, weakness, hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating) and a decrease in heart rate (less than 40 beats / min).

Low pulse at normal pressure

This is a common occurrence in adolescents, the elderly and pregnant women, which is quite explainable by their condition, which is practically considered the norm.

In adolescents, this is due to a sharp physical growth and sexual development. With absence negative signs, no reason to worry. It is necessary to reduce activity, provide the child with a good rest and exclude experiences. A strengthening course of vitamin therapy will quickly correct the situation.

In old age, this condition can be provoked by mental and physical stress. Even a change in body position can affect the heartbeat, lowering blood pressure and sharply accelerating the beats of the pulse.

In pregnant women, high heart rate and low blood pressure are caused by serious changes in the body, in particular, increased secretion of progesterone, which speeds up blood circulation, causing parallel development of anemia.

Symptoms appear:

nausea, weakness and drowsiness;
headaches and difficulty breathing;
pallor of the skin and impaired attention.

High pulse at high pressure

With the simultaneous manifestation of signs of hypertension and tachycardia (high blood pressure and increased pulse rate) and the absence of physiological factors, given state can speak about the development of many diseases various etiologies - endocrine, oncological, pathologies of the heart muscle and blood vessels, or diseases of the respiratory system.

In the presence of concomitant symptoms, it is simply impossible to ignore the problem.

Signs appear:

temporary decrease in visual functions and ripples in the eyes;
dizziness and loss of consciousness;
muscle weakness, headaches and chest pains;
shortness of breath and hot flushes;
disruption of thinking.

If signs of high heart rate combined with high blood pressure appear protracted, this is fraught with the development of serious complications in the cardiovascular system and impaired brain function. The consequences are catastrophic, may manifest as a stroke or heart attack.

Help the patient in an acute condition, before the arrival of an ambulance, you can do it yourself. For this you need:

eliminate provocative factors of external influence;
ensure free breathing (remove tight clothing and open a window);
seat or lay the patient down and provide rest;
normalize and calm breathing with deep breaths;
keep your feet warm with a warm heating pad or woolen blanket;
massage the lateral zones of the neck, stomach and eyeballs with light movements;
if the attack is provoked by stress - give a sedative.

It is not necessary to self-diagnose and treat with medication problems with a violation of the pulse. The problem is solvable, but only a specialist can eliminate it by identifying the true cause.

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What does the pulse rate depend on?

Meaning normal pulse varies depending on the age and sex of the person. The heart and blood vessels increase in size as they grow older, which is why the cardiovascular system is rebuilt. For example, children have smaller hearts than adults, so they require more heartbeats to pump the same volume of blood as adults. Therefore, their pulse is higher. In addition, the normal pulse in men has relatively lower values than in females.

The dependence of the pulse value (beats per minute) on age is as follows:

From birth to 1 month:

average - 140
the minimum value is 110
maximum - 170

From 1 month to 1 year:

average - 132
the minimum value is 102
maximum - 162

1 to 2 years:

average - 124
the minimum value is 94
maximum - 154

From 4 to 6 years:

average - 106
the minimum value is 86
maximum - 126

From 6 to 8 years old:

average - 98
the minimum value is 78
maximum - 118

8 to 10 years old:

average - 88
the minimum value is 68
maximum - 108

From 10 to 12 years old:

average - 80
the minimum value is 60
maximum - 100

From 12 to 15 years:

average - 75
the minimum value is 55
maximum - 95

From 15 to 50 years:

average - 70
the minimum value is 60
maximum - 80

From 50 to 60 years:

average - 74
the minimum value is 64
maximum - 84

Ages 60 and over:

average - 79
the minimum value is 69
maximum - 89

What else affects the change in a person's pulse?

The normal heart rate for the same person can vary significantly depending on environment and physical activity status. So, with a calm long walk, the normal heart rate can reach 100 beats per minute, while when running or swimming, it can increase to an average of 120 beats. At the same time, an increase in heart rate to 130 beats per minute for a healthy person is not an indication for cessation of physical activity, while the level of 170 beats per minute is borderline, and cardiologists do not recommend exposing the body to such a load.

In addition, in addition to determining the pulse rate during physical activity, the time during which the pulse returns to normal after the cessation of exercise should be recorded. Under normal conditions, the pulse should return to normal in no more than five minutes.

Also, the pulse rate may significantly deviate from the norm during the day, for example, under the following circumstances:

at a meal, drinking alcohol or medicines;
when feeling hungry;
during hard mental work;
after the massage procedure;
in a state of falling asleep;
during menstruation;
when in the sun, frost, in close proximity to the fire.

Heart rate is the norm in accordance with age and what affects the performance.

Heart rate is a term that implies the number of contractions of the heart muscle in a given unit of time, most often in 1 minute.

The rate of heart rate - what the doctors say.

If we talk about heart rate, the norm in adults depends on many factors, but doctors have prescribed their indicators - these are 60 - 80 beats per minute. With indicators below the level of 60 beats, bradycardia is diagnosed, but if these indicators are above 80 beats per minute, a diagnosis is made.

But such heart rate indicators are normal in adults, they are calculated based on the fact that a person is in a calm state. But the numbers can constantly change in their indicators - it depends on age and gender, body parameters and how trained a person is.

When does the heart rate change and what does it depend on?

Heart rate indicators can change from different factors, even from the time of day - throughout the day, the numbers can change from such factors:

during physical exertion and at the moment of anger, fear, experiencing other positive or negative emotions;
depending on the position of the body when the patient is sitting or standing in a tense or relaxed state;
after meals, especially those rich in proteins or hot spices, or after taking certain medications;

For example, with an increase in body temperature even up to 37 degrees - the heart rate is increased by 20 beats, when you sleep - on the contrary, it decreases by 5-6 units, if you are sitting - by 10 percent. According to doctors, what is surprising in the human body is that the baby has 140 beats per minute, while in an adult it is already a pathological deviation from the norm, a failure in the rhythm of the heart, the development of tachycardia.

Heart rate norm by age table

Doctors have compiled a table that provides for their indicators of the frequency of heart contraction - it is formed by age and taking into account gender. These indicators are as follows:

in a newborn this indicator varies at a level of 120-140 beats per minute, in a premature baby, the indicators are slightly higher - 140-160 beats;
up to a year, these indicators are 110-120 beats in a baby. /min.;
by the age of 5, the indicators decrease to 100 beats, and by the age of 10 - to 90 beats. /min.;
at 13-16 years old, these figures vary from 68 to 72;

So the heart rate indicators in women are 6 beats more than in the strong half of humanity and still increase in.

How to measure heart rate?

The heart rate is necessarily measured in a patient who is at rest, in a quiet and warm room. To get accurate data by measuring heart rate, you will need to invite an assistant in advance and prepare a stopwatch - an hour before the procedure, you should stop any exercise, calm down, do not smoke and take any medication, drink alcohol.

First of all, the patient is seated or placed in a position convenient for him, in which the heart rate measurement will be carried out - in such a calm position it is worth lying down or sitting for 5-6 minutes. Next, the assistant puts his hand to the area of the left nipple of the chest in a man and under the left mammary gland in a woman.

After that, a reference beat in the region of the apex of the heart is determined - this is the so-called upper push and is heard in the 5th intercostal space if the person is in a standing position. When it is not possible to determine it, it means that it falls on the region of the edge. Next, a stopwatch is picked up and the beats of the heart muscle are counted for a minute, but if the rhythm of the heart is incorrect, such a calculation is carried out for 3 minutes, after which the obtained indicators are divided by 3.

As the doctors themselves note, it is possible to measure heart rate indicators in other places on the body, where large arteries come as close as possible to the surface of the skin. In particular, the arteries are perfectly palpable and, accordingly, can be accurately determined in the neck area, closer to auricle, under the collarbone, as well as at the temple, on the shoulder or thigh. To get accurate and reliable results, heart rate should be calculated on both sides of the body.

If the pulse is increased - what does it mean?

The growth and increase in the number of contractions of the heart, and therefore the increase in the number of beats of pulse waves, will be recorded due to certain processes occurring in the body, physiological or pathological, emotional.

In particular, such processes are influenced by sports and excessive physical activity, emotional swings, fear and joy, weather conditions and changes in heat and cold, seizures severe pain.