Normal human pulse. Pulse rate by age and causes of deviations Normal human pulse by age 50

In humans, what factors affect it, what are the causes of deviations. It also gives a detailed description of how to measure the pulse correctly and what it can “tell” to a person. Those who want to constantly know its meanings and not make any effort will find here a simple solution for this.

Human pulse - what is it?

When the heart muscles contract, blood is rhythmically pushed out of the left ventricle, and on vascular walls arteries, oscillations occur, stretching the aortic walls. The impulses are then transmitted in a wave motion through the flow of blood along the arteries, thus causing what we call a pulse. Therefore, according to the various characteristics of the impulses, one can judge the state of the heart. In ancient times, they knew about this and could diagnose not only this organ, but the whole organism. In Tibet, this knowledge was passed down through generations and has reached our days, spreading throughout the world.

At present, you can find out what kind of pulse a person has by manually probing or measuring with special instruments.

What does it depend on?

The reasons why the pulse changes may be as follows:

• gender and height: the taller a person is, the slower his heart beats;
• age;
• stress: during emotional overload, the frequency of impulses can increase greatly;
• physical exercise;
• illness;
• menstruation in women;
• Times of Day;
• body position;
• alcohol;
• taking food.

If there are no specific reasons for this, a person’s pulse per minute will not change much. Small fluctuations depending on the time of day, body position, and so on are quickly restored. And this is the norm. Let us dwell on some of the causes of jumps in more detail.

Time of day and body position

Most low rates appear early in the morning and towards night, and high - in the evening. In the active phase of sleep, you can also notice how the closed eyes move quickly. Pulse healthy person per minute while he is dreaming, can reach from one hundred to one hundred and twenty beats per minute.

The position of the body also matters. In a sitting and standing position at the same time and with other identical parameters per minute, there can be ten more strokes than lying down. Optimal time for measurement is the interval from eleven to thirteen o'clock in the afternoon. It is at this time that it is best to measure a person’s pulse.

Norm by age

The most frequent heart rate observed in an infant is 140 beats per minute, which by the end of the year is reduced to 130.

From the age of two, impulses are usually 100 beats.

From three to seven years - 95.

By the age of fourteen, 80 beats per minute is usually the pulse of a person.

The norm for age from eighteen to sixty years is more dependent on the state of human health. On average, it ranges from 60 to 80 beats per minute, but for athletes and well-trained people, the figure is lower: from 40 to 60.

But, starting from the age of sixty, the rate may increase somewhat, but on average it is 65 beats per minute.

Before death, the frequency increases to about 160.

Pulse in women and men

It has long been proven that men and women have slightly different pulse rates. The fact is that representatives of different sexes have hearts of different sizes. It is less in women than in men. Because of this, in order to pump the right amount of blood, he has to work faster. At the same time, the male heart is considered more hardened, since the stronger sex is more engaged in physical activity. That is why their pulse rate is slightly lower than that of women. The difference in performance can reach up to fifty beats per minute, but basically it is less - only five to ten beats.

Sport

Any physical activity increases the heart rate. Regular training leads to its usual reduction at rest.

But during sports, a person should be aware of their allowable loads. The fact is that the pulse should not exceed certain indicators, which are calculated as follows: age is subtracted from two hundred and twenty. The resulting difference is the maximum human heart rate. However, this applies more to males. Since the body of women is considered more enduring, they need to subtract their age from two hundred and thirty-five. However, during physical exertion, the optimal indicators will not be one hundred percent of the allowable heart rate, but only from sixty to seventy percent of the maximum.

Stress

Nervous tension always affects the work of the heart. And the pulse rate also depends on this muscle. Its increase is one of the indicators of the manifestation of stress.

Diseases and pulse

The pulse can be used to judge the presence or absence of disease in a person. A constant rate of more than one hundred beats per minute indicates a disease such as tachycardia. Too reduced pulse, when the beats per minute is less than fifty, speaks of bradycardia. In this case, the help of a specialist is needed.

When the temperature rises, the pulse increases by about ten beats per minute.

The rhythm of vibrations is also important. If the intervals between beats are the same and the person's pulse is heard correctly and clearly, we can talk about the good state of his health. Otherwise, cardiac arrhythmia occurs. It comes in several types. An extra beat on the interval indicates extrasystole. Random impulses are usually characteristic of atrial fibrillation. And an unexpected strong heartbeat may indicate paroxysmal tachycardia.

Any features and deviations of impulses are very important for determining the state of human health. If such facts are recorded more than once, then you should treat this with special attention and consult a doctor.

At increased rate there may be diseases such as anemia, thyrotoxicosis, heart disease, heart failure, fever.

A very low heart rate may indicate poor performance. thyroid gland, obstructive jaundice, reduced intracranial pressure, inflammation and brain tumors.

How to measure the pulse?

Of course, only a specialist can truly appreciate the pulse of a healthy person per minute. However, learning how to measure it is not so difficult. To do this, you should familiarize yourself with a number of basic rules and constantly practice the technique.

To calculate vibrations per minute manually, you need to put your fingers on one of the listening places on the body. Basically, the wrists are used for this purpose. During the measurement, the arm should be slightly bent at the wrist, and the other should be grasped from below. Three fingers (index, middle and ring fingers) are placed on the radial artery in line. When pressing on the area below the radius, tremors begin to be felt. Each of the fingers should feel these vibrations. Different movements will be felt if the pressure is released little by little.

It is necessary to "listen" to the pulse of a person at rest, at the same time and in the same position. After all, the emotional mood, physical activity, and so on will lead to a change in the data.

• after eating, drinking alcohol or taking medications;
• after heavy physical exertion;
• after intensive mental labor;
• after massage or bath;
• after having sex;
• after exposure to frost or sun;
• after being by the fire or fireplace;
• after bad sleep;
• during menstruation in women.

Pulse diagnostics

For many centuries, Tibetan medicine has used the method of pulse diagnosis. It has now spread all over the world. Including he is known in Russia.

The pulse of a person in this case is understood not just as a pulsation of blood running through the veins. This type diagnostics is a whole science, where, depending on the right or left hand (and pulse diagnostics mainly uses the wrists when measuring), three different zones on them, types of pulses are distinguished, from which the presence or absence of a particular disease is already calculated according to certain parameters . The uniqueness of the method lies in the fact that it is able not only to diagnose a patient, but also to predict the risk of a disease in the future if a person does not take a number of preventive measures.

In addition to physical well-being, an experienced diagnostician determines the psychological and emotional background of a person and gives him a whole list of recommendations at the end.

In recent decades, due to technical progress that engulfed the planet, and assistant machines appeared in this direction. So, more and more common is computer pulse diagnostics. In addition to the programmed definition of many diseases, the devices also provide a whole range of recommendations on nutrition and herbal medicine, which are issued at each diagnosis, taking into account all the individual characteristics of the body.

Check your heart rate with instruments

When playing sports, they often use devices for measuring - heart rate monitors. However, it is quite possible to do without them. However, in order for the workouts to be more effective and take less time, it is recommended to use them.

Cardiac sensors come in the form of watches that are simply put on the hand during physical exertion, rings for the index finger and special devices worn on the throat or chest. To be sure that the device will long time give results without errors, it is worth buying not the cheapest model, but more expensive, from trusted manufacturers.

In gyms, you can often find treadmills and other machines with built-in heart rate sensors. Should we trust such devices? Hardly. After all, most of them are not the most prestigious and expensive brands and do not meet the necessary requirements. In addition, even if the simulator is of high quality, it should be taken into account that the sensors measure the movement of blood in the palms, that is, in a place where there are no large vessels and the beating is implicit there. From this we can draw the appropriate conclusion.

Technical devices on the market are updated at the fastest pace, and recently a novelty has appeared in the form of an application on a smartphone, which also measures the pulse.

To do this, you need to download it to your phone and then, turning it on, just put your finger on the camera screen. The application has many convenient options. For example, all measurements made are saved there (which, of course, can be deleted if necessary). Thus, detailed statistics are kept. It is also necessary to indicate the conditions when a person’s pulse is measured: by age, sleep, training, food intake, and so on. The interface in Russian has not yet been released, or, according to users, at first, but then disappeared somewhere. But those who tried to use it report that the calculations made are quite accurate. It is probably too early to draw conclusions about this new product. The future will show how useful and necessary it is. But at the moment, users are very satisfied, since the device, based on how many pulses a person has, among other things, reports possible problems with health and the need to see a doctor if the indicators signal this.

The plots of many films initiate us into the medical basis for determining a person’s well-being, whether he is alive. First of all, doctors on the screen, and in life, check the pulse. It is an indicator of the work of the heart. The pulse indicates the presence of pathologies in the work of the heart, it may differ in people of different age categories. What else can be learned by measuring the pulsation of blood in the vessels?

What is a pulse in terms of physiology?

The pulse is a kind of external confirmation of the work of the heart muscle. This is the movement of blood through the vessels, which occurs due to the contraction of muscle fibers. At its core, the pulse is the number of contractions of the heart, which is measured per minute. Most people measure the pulsation of blood in the arms, but heartbeats are also clearly audible near the temporal

Pulse per minute is a very important indicator, because the state depends on its value. of cardio-vascular system. There is a difference in heart rate at rest and during exercise. Doctors say that cardio is good for people. For example, in order to lose weight and maintain your weight indicators, experts recommend giving a load to the body for 40 minutes daily so that the pulse is 120 beats / min.

But there are limiting maximum values ​​for the number of beats per minute, they are calculated by the formula: 220 - the age of a person. The formula is presented for healthy people.

healthy person

In adulthood it is: for women - 75-80 beats per minute, for men - 70-75. This is the normal pulse of an adult. At a certain load, the indicator changes and can reach a value twice the norm.

It can change not only during stress, it can be influenced by stress, painful conditions, various strong emotions. The pulse of a healthy person, the norm of which is noted above, can be measured not only for a minute. Very often, experts, in order not to waste time, detect 6, 10 or 15 seconds, and then multiply by 10, 6 or 4, respectively.

Children's blood pulsation

Even in the womb, a child’s heart rate is measured to obtain information about his condition: is there enough oxygen for the fetus, is there a cardiac arrest. In young children, the pulse is different from that of an adult. Newborns have 120-140 heart beats per minute. These values ​​decrease with age. By the age of about 16, the pulse corresponds to the normal values ​​of an adult.

Where to measure the pulse?

The measurement of heart beats must be carried out according to certain rules. What is the pulse of a healthy person, you can find out by attaching two or three fingers to the base of the bones of the other hand from the outside. Best of all, the pulsation of blood will be felt from the outside above radius hands, as well as temporal bones. Sometimes the pulse is measured on the neck, but this should be done by specialists, since they know exactly where the artery informing us goes.

It is best to measure the contraction of the heart muscle in a calm state, when the person is lying down. It is noticed that the slowest, its value increases by the middle of the day. But with certain diseases of the cardiovascular system, the indicators of the pulse and contractions of the heart do not match. This phenomenon occurs with the manifestation of atrial fibrillation, extrasystole.

Diagnosis of diseases by blood pulsation

The pulse of a healthy person per minute is an indicator on the basis of which many diseases can be diagnosed. First of all, the values ​​of blood pulsation show a person's predisposition to deviations in the work of the cardiovascular system. Diagnosis of diseases by pulse was practiced long before the emergence of medicine as a science. In Tibet, observation of a person's condition by the pulsation of blood in the vessels was very developed.

To date, the measurement of the pulse makes it possible to find out:

• your temperament, that is, the innate type of the nervous system, the acquired psychotype of the personality;
• health status, problem areas in the human body;
• gender of your unborn child, this is not a 100% method, but the probability exact definition the floor on the pulse is high.

When should a pulse be checked?

Knowing how much the pulse is in a healthy person, one can judge the pathological processes in the body. Like any diagnosis, determining the state of a person by pulse is subject to certain rules.

1. It is not necessary to measure the pulse after taking medication, alcoholic beverages or food.
2. If you have an acute feeling of hunger, you should refrain from diagnosing.
3. Intense physical or mental work can distort the indicators.
4. After massage and taking a bath, you should also not measure the pulse.
5. Intimacy is a contraindication to
6. To get reliable indicators you need to sleep well.
7. You should not measure the pulse after a person has been near a fire, in frost or in the sun.
8. The best time to measure your heart rate is between 11 a.m. and 1 p.m.

Definition of temperament

The type of temperament can be determined not only by the number of beats per minute, but also by taking into account the strength and regularity of heart contractions. It is best to start diagnosing temperament in the morning before breakfast, after going to the toilet. You need to make sure that you are in good health and that you are calm.

The pulse of a healthy person per minute with a choleric type of temperament will be equal to 76-83 beats. In this case, the contractions will be strong, spasmodic, active.

Sanguine can be recognized with a pulsation rate in the vessels equal to 68-75 beats / min. At the same time, it will also be intense, but regular, constant.

The phlegmatic, in turn, will have a weak and regular pulse. In terms of indicators, blood pulsation will not exceed 68 beats per minute. It is compared to the movement of a swan on water.

The pulse rate of a healthy person with a melancholic temperament type will exceed 83 beats. But the pulsation is characterized by low intensity, irregularity, wave-like.

Pathological values ​​of pulsation in the blood

To determine the pathological processes in the body, it must be remembered that the normal pulse in a healthy person changes depending on the time of day and season. Checking the pulsation of blood, you need to take into account its strength and regularity. If the pulse is frequent or rare, irregular, there is a reason to go to the doctor.

During self-diagnosis, you need to pay attention to the pulse values ​​​​on both hands. If they are very different, this indicates violations in the work of some organs. A strong pulsation on any of the hands indicates the presence of a disease in the same half of the body. If an intense pulse falls on the index finger of the hand that measures it, then the disease attacks you in the upper part of the body. With such a phenomenon on the left hand, pathological processes in the lungs and large intestine are possible. Active pulse on right hand indicates problems small intestine and work of the heart.

It is worth paying attention to the pulsation that falls on the middle finger of the other hand, it accurately indicates pathological processes in the middle part of the body. If it is active in the left hand, most likely you are suffering from problems with the stomach and spleen. A strong pulse on the right arm indicates the presence of liver or gallbladder disease.

If you measured the pulse with three fingers, then the pulsation under the ring finger can also be very informative for you. A strong pulse on the left wrist, falling on the right hand, indicates problems with the functioning of the left kidney or genitals. A similar situation on the right hand indicates pathological processes occurring in right kidney and bladder.

Determination of the sex of the unborn child using a normal heart rate indicator

The pulse of a healthy person per minute not only indicates the presence of diseases, but it can also be used to predict the sex of the unborn child. Here, too, you need to measure the blood pulsation with three fingers. If the active and strong pulse of the right wrist falls on the ring finger of the left hand, then with a high probability a boy will be born. If the ring finger of the other hand feels a strong pulse on the left wrist, then with a high probability the expectant mother will have a girl.

Blood pressure and pulse are the main indicators of a person's health. If we talk about heart contractions, then it is by them that you can determine the presence of cardiac diseases, so it is important to know the maximum allowable indicators that are considered the norm. A normal heartbeat per minute can range from 60-80 beats. Let us consider in more detail what it depends on and what marks it can reach.

The dependence of the pulse on gender and age

Initially, we note that the heart rate depends on the age of the person. For example, for children of one year of age, 120-130 heartbeats per minute are considered the norm, for adults, these figures average 60-80 beats. At the same time, the older the person, the less frequent his pulse will be.

In terms of gender, studies show that women's heart rate is 5-9 units higher than men's. During menopause, the pulse quickens by another 5-7 beats. This is due to a decrease in the level of estrogen in the blood.

Normal pulse in different states

heart rate also depends on physical condition human body. At rest, it varies between 60-80 beats. While walking, the pulse quickens, reaching 100 beats / min. If walking is fast, the number of heartbeats may be slightly higher. With intense physical exertion, the heart rate rises to about 140 beats / min, may vary slightly depending on age. There is even a formula that allows you to determine the maximum allowable human heart rate during physical activity. It is calculated by reducing the number 220 by a number equivalent to the age of a particular person.

How to measure the pulse

To determine the heart rate, you need to place the index and middle fingers on the radial artery - where the pulse is well felt. This place is 2 cm above the first crease on the inside of the brush. The intensity of pressure should be such that the shocks are heard clearly enough. Next, you need to count the pulse for 30 seconds, then multiply the resulting indicator by 2.

Today, there are many devices that allow you to quickly measure your heart rate. But it is better to give the advantage to the palpation method, because it is considered the most accurate and informative. Devices give a large error, which contributes to obtaining incorrect information about the state of the human body at the moment.

Important! Heart rate can be measured not only on the radial artery. This is done on the carotid, femoral and popliteal arteries. But using the first option is more convenient.

What affects the violation of the pulse

With pathological indicators of the heartbeat, you should definitely consult a doctor, undergo full examination to get information about your own health. But how do you know when you need health care, and in what cases is a change in heart rate normal? There are physiological and pathological causes of palpitations. The first ones are as follows:

• eating, especially hot;
• consumption of alcoholic and energy drinks;
• physical fatigue;
• excessive physical activity;
• state of stress;
• long stay in a stuffy room;
• increase in body temperature.

In all these cases, in order to normalize the pulse, it is enough just to wait a while, in the latter - to stabilize the body temperature. If the increase in heart rate is caused by being in a stuffy room, you can reduce it by going out into the fresh air or ventilating the room.

As for the pathological causes that cause palpitations, they include various cardiovascular, endocrine diseases. It also increases the heart rate infectious diseases and the presence of tumors. In this case, in addition to high heart rate, there are additional signs that indicate the presence of any ailment. It - pain in the area of ​​an unhealthy organ, increased fatigue, dizziness. If we are talking about cardiac diseases, additionally there is increased sweating, swelling of the limbs, insomnia. In the presence of such symptoms, in combination with a constantly rapid heartbeat, you should immediately consult a doctor. Timely diagnosis increase the chances of a successful cure.

Attention should also be paid to the pathological decrease in heart rate. It also often indicates heart disease, such as a heart attack or myocardial dystrophy. Additionally, there is weakness increased sweating, dizziness.

How to normalize heartbeat

In most cases, people are faced with a rapid pulse that causes noticeable anxiety. And the first thing to do is restore it normal performance. To do this, you can take the following measures:

1. Stop physical activity if any.
2. Try to calm down if it was stress that triggered an increase in heart rate.
3. Lie down for about 20 minutes, controlling your breathing, focusing on each inhalation and exhalation.
4. Get out into the fresh air or ventilate the room.
5. Drink a cup of warm tea with mint or rosehip broth.
6. Drink a tincture of valerian or motherwort.
7. If previous measures were unsuccessful, you can take Corvalol, Validol or Valocordin. These drugs not only have a sedative effect, but also affect the heart rate, reducing it. If listed medicines No, you can take any similar drug.
8. Additionally, it is recommended to wash with cool water.

Usually these measures help to normalize the pulse. If this does not happen, or palpitations are observed systematically, you should seek medical help.

Important! If we are talking about heart rate control, then it should be measured for several days and at the same time. It is advisable to do this in a prone position. Then the indicators are closer to the real ones.

In men, it differs from women in a smaller direction.

Why heart rate readings are important

If a person's pulse is within normal limits, then this indicates that his heart is working well. Deviations in one direction or another make one suspect the presence of any pathologies in the work of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, it is very important to know what is the pulse rate in men in order to prevent the development of a particular disease in time.

Biomechanics of the human pulse

The mechanism of vascular pulsation is explained simply. At the time when the next portion of blood is ejected from the ventricle of the heart, the vessels dilate sharply. After all, the blood exerts a certain pressure on them. Then the tissues of the vessels narrow just as quickly. You can also notice the expansion of large vessels visually. The narrowing of small vessels can only be determined by palpation or using special devices.

How to determine if your heart rate is normal

The norm in men is characterized by indicators of 60-90 beats per minute. At the same time, it is worth remembering that if a person regularly plays sports, then his heart muscle is well trained and can work in a slower mode. Those who constantly exercise and lead an active lifestyle, the heart beats less frequently. Therefore, the norm of the pulse in men who are trained can be 60 beats per minute.

It is also worth remembering that in a calm state, the heart muscle contracts less frequently than when active actions. For example, the rate of heart rate in men aged 35 at rest is 60 beats, while awake it is 60-90, and during physical exertion it can increase one and a half times.

What does the pulse depend on?

The indicators also depend on the age of the person. On average, if the pulse rate in men aged 40 is 65-90 beats per minute, then after 20 years the same person's pulse will be somewhat reduced. This is due to the fact that with age, the walls of blood vessels lose their elasticity. So the normal pulse rate for men aged 60 is already figures of less than 60-90 beats.

But a faster pulse can become from external factors. It is known that stress, emotional experiences, unrest provoke an increase in pulsation.

Slow in the morning, fast in the evening

The time of day also affects fluctuations in heart rate. Most observed in a dream, when the body is resting. After waking up, a person's heart also contracts quite slowly. But in the evening, as doctors noticed, almost everyone, without exception, has a more frequent pulse.

So if a person suffers from any heart disease, and experts have ordered him to monitor his pulse, it must be measured for a certain time at the same time of day.

When to Worry

A 50-year-old man will have a different young man. It is generally accepted that every five years of life, 2-3 extra beats per minute are added to the norm. And you should always pay close attention if the indicators deviate significantly.

For example, if during the day the pulse is only 30-50 beats per minute, then you should definitely consult a doctor. You will most likely be diagnosed with bradycardia.

This disease can be provoked by the following factors:

• cold;
• poisoning;
• increased intracranial pressure;
• any infectious disease;
• dysfunction of the thyroid gland.

But not only external causes may cause a decrease in heart rate. If in the sinoatrial node there are pathological changes or lesions, it can also affect the normal functioning of the heart.

Knocking like crazy

There is also the opposite phenomenon - not reduced, but increased pulse rate. The norm in men was discussed above, the indicator should not exceed more than 90 beats per minute in a calm state. If it is higher, and there were no provoking factors (sport, food or excitement), then we can talk about tachycardia.

Moreover, it may not always be present all the time. It may come on in fits. And then doctors talk about paroxysmal tachycardia. It can occur if blood pressure has dropped sharply, there is a history of anemia caused by severe blood loss or purulent infections. Violations in the sinus node of the heart can also provoke tachycardia.

Often this condition occurs in hot weather, especially among residents of northern latitudes. They are not accustomed to high air temperatures and high humidity, so the cardiovascular system suffers. A person experiences stabbing or aching pains, dizziness, it seems to him that there is not enough air.

If a person does not have pathologies of the cardiovascular system, it functions normally thyroid, then the cause of failures is in the very heart. It needs to be trained: move more, play sports, change your diet and add citrus fruits, grapes, bananas, fish, low-fat dairy products to it, in a word, those foods that have a good effect on CCC

What determines the characteristics of the pulse

Each person has their own pulse. individual characteristics. The pulse rate for men aged 45 of different builds will vary and depend on many factors. These include:

How to count the pulse

Usually, the pulse is determined by probing on the large vessels of the body. The blood points on the carotid artery are clearly visible, because it is very large and expands well. The temporal arteries are located almost under the skin; the pulse is also well palpated through them.

But the most classic method is still counting the pulse on the radial artery, which is located on the wrist, on its inner side.

To correctly count the pulse, you need to clasp your wrist with your hand. In this case, the thumb should be opposite the little fingers of the hand on which the pulse is measured. And all the other 4 fingers are located on the inner surface of the wrist approximately in the middle of the hand. Then under them it will be clearly felt how the radial artery is reduced.

Doctors advise after measuring the pulsation on one hand, check the indicators on the other hand. If the pulse is the same (plus or minus 2-3 beats), then we can say that there is no vascular pathology.

Remember that you need to measure the pulse for exactly a minute, and not 20 seconds or 30, and then multiply. After all, it fluctuates for a minute. It is best to rest for 5-10 minutes before measuring the pulse.

The activity of the cardiovascular system ensures the normal functioning of the whole organism. Therefore, control of how the most important organ beats human body, must be carried out constantly and for everyone. One of the first signs that everything is functioning well is a normal pulse.

Essence and indicators

When the heart beats, blood flows through the arteries, which in turn vibrate. It is these waves, which are obtained from the flow of blood, that is called the pulse. Many people know where and how to feel and measure it correctly, but few people know how many such beats per minute are considered a normal indicator.

It is worth noting that the normal pulse rate in humans is a fairly loose concept. Under the influence of some factors, it can change, and also be different for everyone.

Deviation from the established indicators is not always a sign of a disease, but often it is simply a method of adapting the heart to changes in the external or internal environment.

However, physicians are of the opinion that The normal pulse rate for an adult should be at the level of 60-80 beats per minute. In addition to the number of beats per minute, you need to pay attention to the time intervals between them. If they occur with equal time intervals, then the rhythm of the heart rate is normal, but if they exist, then there are long breaks, then the beat is too fast, this is a sign of arrhythmic activity of the heart.

Number of strokes by age

A person's pulse can be affected by different external factors, as well as internal features organism. But there are also other features that can change the heart rate, which include the following:

• age;

The first period after birth, the heart rate in babies is 140 beats per minute. When a child turns one year old, at this time his heartbeat changes slightly downward and stays at the level of 100-110 beats per minute. With age, the indicator continues to decline: by the age of three - their normal frequency becomes 95, and up to 14-15 years - it is set within the framework of adult indicators. This is due to the fact that the size of the children's heart is very small, which requires it to work more actively to saturate the whole body with blood.

The pulse in an adult is also subject to changes depending on the age range, namely:

• a period of 20-30 years suggests 60-70 beats per minute;
• at the age of 30-40 years, the average should be 70-75;
• in 40-50-year-olds, the pulse rate is 75-80 beats. in a minute;
• the number of heartbeats in 50-60 year olds is 80-85;
• in 60-70-year-olds it should be 85-90.

With age, for every 5-10 years of life, it is necessary to add 5-10 pulsations to the indicated norms in order to know what the pulse should be. This trend is connected with the fact that over a long life process, all organs are susceptible to aging. This leads to the need for more blood pumping and, in turn, more frequent heartbeats.

Indicators by gender

There is another important factor that should be considered when assessing the heartbeat. It's about gender. It has long been proven that there is a difference between what pulse is considered normal in women and what in men. In the weak and strong sex, the hearts have different sizes. In women, the main "motor" of the body is somewhat smaller than in the second. This leads to the need for him to have to work faster in order to pump enough blood.

In addition, men's hearts are generally more hardened, because they are more likely to engage in physical activity, which leads to the fact that their heart rate is slightly lower. And sometimes it can reach 50 beats per minute. In women, the indicator can be increased by 5-10 pulsations from the established ones.

Also, the weaker sex has a tendency to increase the heart rate during pregnancy. During this period, the pulse and its rate increases significantly and can reach up to 110 beats per minute, which is the norm for a woman in this position.

Heart rate is an important indicator of human health. If there are long-term deviations of the pulse from the norm by more than 10%, then you should definitely consult a doctor. If you do not take action on time, then the heart will wear out faster than its term.

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Human pressure (normal by age) and pulse - table in adults

Blood pressure and pulse rate are important vital signs. Their deviation from the norm may indicate a serious pathology in the body. Therefore, it is so important to be able to determine these parameters on your own at home and to know the limits of normal values. For this, doctors have developed special tables of blood pressure and pulse norms, which take into account the age and gender of the person.

But in this article, we will focus primarily on the pulse: what its indicators mean, and how to measure it yourself.

Pulse - what is it

The work of the human heart is to provide all organs and tissues with oxygen and nutrients. To do this, it rhythmically contracts all its life and pushes a wave of blood into peripheral arteries, which, as this and subsequent waves advance, also rhythmically expand. Such fluctuations in the walls of the arteries are called the pulse. It can be felt with fingers where large arteries are located close to the surface of the skin.

Pulse in adults table by age

important and most clear characteristic pulse - its frequency (HR). It depends on many reasons and in a healthy person with physical activity increases, at rest and decreases during sleep. The scientists also determined the boundaries of normal heart rate values ​​for each age category. A condition in which the frequency of contractions in an adult healthy person is less than 60 is called bradycardia, and more than 80 is called tachycardia.

It is known that in infancy, a heart rate of 140 is quite acceptable, and for an adult, this indicator indicates a violation of the heart.

After 50 years, there is a slight increase in heart rate, which is associated with age-related changes vascular system and a decrease in the body's ability to compensate for the effects of external factors.

The easiest way to understand the picture is to use the table of pulse rates in adults by age.

What should be the pulse of an adult

In addition to frequency, there are other important characteristics of the pulse:

1. Rhythm. Pulse waves should pass through equal intervals of time.
2. Correspondence to the frequency of heart beats.
3. Filling. For this indicator, the volume of blood that the heart pushes into the vessels during contraction matters.
4. Voltage. Depends on systolic blood pressure. If it is high, then it is more difficult to press the artery on the arm.

Therefore, in a healthy person of young and middle age, the pulse should be rhythmic, good filling and relaxed, with a frequency of 60-90 per minute.

It was revealed that normally, with a small household physical activity, the heart rate in an adult should not exceed 100 beats per minute.

What pulse is considered normal in men

In adult healthy men who are not involved in professional sports or constant heavy physical exertion, the normal heart rate is on average 70 per 1 minute. Sports training contributes to a decrease in heart rate, and in trained people it can be 40-60 in 1 minute.

What pulse is considered normal in women

The female body during life is subject to significant hormonal fluctuations that affect vascular system. Normally, in women, the pulse is more frequent than in men and averages 80 per 1 minute. During menstruation, pregnancy, with the onset of menopause, there is an increase in heart rate, which is called physiological tachycardia.

How to measure your heart rate at home

The easiest way for a healthy person is to find the pulse on the arm. At the base thumb on the inside of the wrist, the radial artery runs close to the skin and is almost on the surface of the bone. It is recommended to measure on both hands. With some practice, doing this at home is not at all difficult.

Characteristics can also be checked on the carotid, temporal, brachial, femoral, subclavian arteries.

If a rhythmic pulse is observed, then its frequency is counted for half a minute, multiplying the result by two. If there are interruptions, all 60 seconds are counted. With a rare pulse, it is worth comparing it with the heart rate. With a decrease in the blood supply to the heart, there may be a "fallout" of pulse beats in the peripheral arteries.

How to measure the pulse on your hand yourself

Measuring the pulse on a person's arm - simple medical manipulation, which is easy to perform independently for a non-specialist.

1. Place the index, middle and ring fingers along the arm under the base of the thumb.
2. Feel for a longitudinal groove on the surface of the radius.
3. Pressing on the artery with all three fingers, squeeze it, feeling resistance. Then release the pressure and feel pulse waves under your fingers.
4. Calculate their number per minute using a watch with seconds.

How to measure the pulse on the neck

In the case when measuring the pulse on the arm is difficult (with low pressure, injuries, severe atherosclerosis), you can check for carotid arteries i.e. around the neck.

1. Lay on the back or seat the person on a chair.
2. Place the middle and index fingers of the hand to the left or right along inside muscle coming from the corner mandible to the middle of the chest. Approximately at the level of the Adam's apple or thyroid cartilage.
3. Gently pressing inward, feel the pulse waves and count them using a stopwatch.

It is important not to press hard on the carotid arteries and not to squeeze both at the same time. This can cause fainting and a reflex decrease in blood pressure.

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The arterial pulse is a rhythmic oscillation of the artery (its wall), when in one cardiac cycle blood is ejected into the arterial system. The pulse can be central (it is measured on the aorta or carotid arteries. Or it can be peripheral - it is measured on the radial or dorsal artery, or the artery of the foot, etc.

Its rhythm can be fast or slow. Its indicators can tell about the state of human health, the state of its internal organs. But not only about this.

A lot of interesting facts associated with arterial pulse. We will talk about them today with you. Let's find out what a normal pulse should be in an adult, how many beats per minute depending on age, what kind of pulse athletes have, how the pulse differs in men and women. In addition, we learn some interesting scientific facts:

What is the normal heart rate for an adult?

When conducting diagnostics, it can be measured on different arteries. Use carotid, brachial, as well as temporal, popliteal, femoral artery. Often a measurement is taken on the posterior tibial. It is very good to measure the pulse at the end of the radial artery (at the base of the thumb).

Here is what the normal pulse of a person at rest should be measured by you:

- 15-50 years old: about 70 bpm.
- 50-60 years old: about 74 beats / min.
- 60-80 years old: about 79 beats / min.

In an adult healthy person, normal pulse rates are in the range of 60 - 80 beats / min. Moreover, in men they are 60-70, and in women: 70-80. Rhythm is measured by periods of pause between beats. With a normal, healthy pulse, such periods are no more than 0.15 seconds, and are practically not caught. Such a pulse is called rhythmic. If the pulse is not rhythmic, they talk about the presence of an arrhythmia.

If the pulse is rapid, the number of pulse waves is increased, they speak of tachycardia. With a rare pulse, slowing down heart rate about bradycardia.

This indicator is greatly influenced by such factors as: food intake, emotional state, lack of hemoglobin. An increase in body temperature also increases it by about ten beats per minute.

The pulse becomes faster when you inhale, and less often when you exhale. By the way, the higher the growth of an adult, the rarer it is.

Normal human heart rate (per minute) when playing sports

In people who are intensively involved in sports, or engaged in physical labor, permissible maximum performance calculated by this formula: subtract your age from 220. For example, for a 40-year-old person, the maximum heart rate value is 180.

Please note that this is the maximum allowable value, not normal. Athletes before training normal value is 70-90 beats / min. After it - 90-100 beats / min. For runners, after running the distance, these figures are 120-150 beats / min.

Interesting facts about the human pulse

Interesting scientific findings are reported by The Tribune India: scientists from the University of Pennsylvania conducted a series of studies that showed that those people who have a rapid heart rate, even while at rest, have an increased risk of developing diabetes. Scientists have found that every 10 additional contractions increase the risk of developing this disease by 23 percent.

Studies of the rhythm of the human pulse were also carried out by scientists from the University of Concordia. According to their results, it became known that those people whose pulse rhythm does not change even with strong excitement can later experience quite a long, often unexpected stress. So it’s not at all harmful to worry before exams, but it’s even useful ....

In general, a variable heartbeat is an indicator of the good functioning of the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for rest in the body. By the way, cute nervous system responsible for active work, struggle, decision-making. If the parasympathetic nervous system works well, a person is calm, saves and accumulates energy efficiently. At least that's what research scientist Jean-Philippe Guin thinks.

Normal pulse for men and women (how many beats per minute)

Tibetan medicine experts distinguish three of its congenital varieties:

- Male: dense, rough, strong;
- Female: thin, light, fast;
- Bodhisattva: smooth, long, soft.

According to its features, specialists are able to establish not only the presence of diseases, but calculate the life expectancy of a person and even find out upcoming events.

For example, if a man has a natural "female" pulse, he will live long life. If a woman has a congenital "male" pulse, then success and glory await her son. If a married couple has a male pulse, then only sons will be born to them, and if “female”, daughters. But if both spouses have an innate bodhisattva pulse, the family is likely to be childless.

Pulse studies are also interesting for diagnosing diseases. When the doctor listens to the pulse, he, as it were, interrogates internal organs patient. For example, by probing with his right hand the pulse on the left hand of a male patient, the doctor in one area “hears” the state of the heart, small intestine. On the other, it listens to the signals of the spleen, stomach. On the next section of the hand determines the condition of the left kidney and testicles.

When he takes the patient's right hand with his left hand, he determines the state of the respiratory organs, large intestine, Bladder. The pulse will tell the specialist about the disease of the liver, gallbladder or right kidney.

And the diagnosis of these same organs female body made mirror. For example, the condition of the heart and small intestine is determined by the pulse on the right hand, and the health of the lungs, the condition of the colon - by the pulse of the left. Other organs are diagnosed in the same way as in men.

As you can see, determining the state of your health by pulse is not only an exciting, but also a useful activity. Human body generally very interesting and mysterious. Possessing an inquisitive mind and curiosity, you can try to solve its riddles, knowing yourself all your life. Be healthy!

Svetlana, www.rasteniya-lecarstvennie.ru
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What determines the pulse rate

Its meaning depends on many reasons:

• from age;
• from the sex and height of the person;
• from physical activity and how the body is trained;
• from the functional state of a person;
• from stress and anxiety;
• from the progression of diseases;
• from time of day;

from eating and drinking.

Part without visible reasons the pulse cannot, because it depends entirely on human activity.

Even from the fact that the person was in a lying state, and then got up, i.e. changed the horizontal position of the body to the vertical, the pulse increases by 8-12 beats per minute.

But it is rapidly declining. This is considered the norm. Let's consider all the reasons in more detail.

The dependence of the pulse on age categories

• In a newborn child at rest, the pulse is 140 beats and by the end of the first year of life it becomes 130 beats / min.
• By the age of two, it should already be 100 beats per minute.
• From three to seven years, the child's pulse becomes 95 beats per minute;
• By the age of fourteen, the pulse comes to the norm of an adult - 80 beats / min.
• In the middle period of life, the normal pulse should be 72.
• After the age of fifty, the pulse decreases to 65 beats / min.

At rest, in healthy men, the normal pulse can be 60-70, and in women it is slightly higher: 70-80 beats per minute. At tall people it is somewhat lower than that of small ones.

How does the heart rate change during exercise?

The pulse depends on the blood supply to the vessels and the pressure in them. Therefore, during physical activity, its frequency increases.

But if a person is engaged in regular training or constantly works physically, then this leads to a natural decrease in heart rate at rest.

Starting from adulthood and up to 60 years, this value depends more on the fitness of the body and the degree of physical activity than on age.

The pulse also fluctuates throughout the day. The lowest scores will be early morning and closer to the night, and the highest - in the evening. At night, when a person dreams and moves quickly eyes closed, his pulse can be the same as during physical activity - up to 110-120 beats / min.

When a person lies down, his pulse is slower than when sitting or standing.

From this we can conclude that the more economical the metabolic processes, the less often the heart contracts per unit time, and therefore the life expectancy is longer.

With strong emotional experiences and stress, the pulse rate increases, as after eating or drinking.

When a person decides to go in for sports, he should know some features. The maximum pulse of a healthy person should not exceed a certain value. It is calculated as follows: the person's age is subtracted from 220. Example: if you are 30 years old, then the maximum heart rate should be: 220-30=190 bpm. In order to burn not carbohydrates, but stored fat, the pulse value should not exceed 60-70% of the maximum value.

Change in heart rate during illness

The pulse rate can tell about the state of human health. If its value is more than 100 beats per minute, then in medicine it is called tachycardia. And this state of affairs cannot be ignored.

With a decrease in heart rate to a value of less than fifty beats / min, they speak of bradycardia. And this is also a wake-up call. Heart failure calls for special attention. If the pulse has become very slow and weak (thready), you should call a doctor.

An increase in body temperature leads to an increase in heart rate: each degree of increase adds about 10 beats per minute to the value of heart contractions.

The rhythm of the pulse is also of great importance. If the pulse intervals of a person are the same, the pulse is heard clearly and correctly, then the person is healthy. When they are not the same, then this is the wrong pulse, and this condition is called arrhythmia. It has several types.

When an extra beat appears on the interval, they talk about extrasystole. An irregular pulse is characteristic of atrial fibrillation. Sudden strong heartbeat is paroxysmal tachycardia.

All these indicators are very important for assessing the patient's condition. Any such deviations should not be left without due attention, it is necessary to consult a doctor. In China, at all times, diseases were diagnosed primarily by the pulse. It is also done in our time.

An increased resting heart rate may suggest the presence of diseases such as thyrotoxicosis, anemia, heart failure, heart disease, or fever.

A rare pulse occurs with a decrease in thyroid function, with an increase intracranial pressure due to traumatic brain injury, obstructive jaundice, inflammation and tumors of the meninges.

How to measure the pulse correctly

Of course, only a trained specialist can determine the state of health by the pulse and make a diagnosis. But mastering a simplified version of the study of the pulse is not so difficult. To do this, you need to know some rules, your attention and constant practice.

The pulse can be measured in many places, but the wrist (radial pulse) is the best. To check it, you need to hold your hand, slightly bending your wrist.

With the other hand, you need to tightly grab it from below. On the radial artery, place three fingers: index, middle and ring fingers on the same line.

Press lightly just below the radius, and you will feel the pulsing of the pulse. Each of the fingers should feel its waves well. To distinguish the different movements of the pulse, slightly loosen the pressure of the fingers.

Many years of medical practice has shown that the ideal time for pulse diagnosis is the interval between breakfast and lunch, i.e. 11-13 hours.

The most accurate result is the one you count within a minute. But you can do it in 30 seconds and multiply the reading by two.

Pulse readings on different hands may differ, so you need to check it on both wrists.

The value of the heart rate of a healthy person will not be reliable in the following cases:

• after hard physical or mental work;
• after ingestion of food, medicine or alcohol;
• when you feel very hungry;
• after taking a bath and massage;
• after sex and exposure to the sun or frost;
• after being by the fireplace or campfire;
• when you didn't sleep well
• during menstruation in women.

Therefore, in these cases, it is better not to measure the pulse. If it is not possible to do this on the wrist (for example, with a hand injury), you can measure the pulse on the temporal or carotid arteries

Be attentive to your health and take into account everything you learned from this article.

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