Donation facts. Interesting facts about blood transfusion
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Blood transfusion: history, Interesting Facts
Since ancient times, people have been talking about the miraculous abilities of blood. Even Homer in his adventures of the Odyssey told the story of how main character tried to return life to the dead Prophet Tiressius with the help of animal blood. And the greatest physician of all time, Hippocrates, put forward a hypothesis about the ability of the blood of healthy people to heal mental illness.
There were also legends about how elderly people drank the blood of dying gladiators in order to regain their former youth. In religious circles, a case is known when the already weak Pope Innocent VIII, in an attempt to get back on his feet, used a drink consisting of the blood of ten-year-old boys.
For centuries, blood has been a popular remedy among warriors. To heal battle wounds and replenish the reserves of lost blood, many took it simply inside. In history, it is truly known that the Egyptian troops, going to foreign lands, always led a herd of sheep. An equally reliable fact is that the Greek king Constantine, ill with leprosy, took blood baths.
Transfusion in official medical sources
AT official medicine The history of blood transfusion began in 1628, when the English scientist William Harvey first described the circulatory system in the human body. Literally immediately after his statements, the first attempts at transfusion took place. Other experiments followed. The first formally registered operations were carried out by English and French doctors. Blood was shed from dogs to cows and from sheep to people.
The first person to whom it was transfused was Arthur Cog, a student from Cambridge. The procedure was successful and the guy survived. It should also be noted that the first equipment for medical manipulations silver pipes and goose feathers served with blood. In a very short time, a series of unsuccessful experiments followed, as a result of which the Vatican introduced a ban on transfusions.
This was followed by a stage of doubts about the effectiveness of the procedure. Many theories began to emerge that transfusion could lead to mutations and even change in species.
1818 - the first operation from person to person. It was carried out by the English obstetrician James Blundell. In domestic open spaces, the transfusion was carried out only in 1832. Since then, many scientific discoveries have been launched, including:
- use of antiseptics during transfusion;
- surgery for patients with hemophilia;
- discovery of four blood groups;
- checking the blood of the donor and recipient for compatibility.
Beginning in 1930, blood transfusion operations began to be carried out everywhere.
Have you ever been a donor? This is a noble cause that it is never too late to join. After all, your blood can save someone's life!
THIS IS CURIOUS
The word "donor" comes from lat. donare - "to give." A person who needs a transfusion and receives donated blood is called a “recipient”.
Anyone can become a donor healthy man over 18 years old and weighing more than 50 kg.
5.5 liters - so much blood on average in the body of an adult. At one time, 350–450 ml are taken from the donor.
People who donate blood regularly are less likely to get colds, cancer, and disorders of the cardiovascular system.
Donors live an average of 5 years longer than others because they have an activation of the hematopoietic system and improve immunity.
You can donate blood after getting a tattoo no earlier than 12 months later.
In order to provide enough blood for medical needs, the country must have at least 40 donors per 1,000 inhabitants.
10-15% of the population can be donors, but in reality there are ten times fewer people who donate blood.
About 65% of all donors are relatives of patients.
Every third inhabitant of the Earth once in a lifetime will have to do a blood transfusion.
>> After donating blood, each donor receives a certificate of release from work/study and a food package.
A food package from a Krasnoyarsk donor (in the amount of 426 rubles):
Stewed meat
Buckwheat porridge with pork
Canned fish
Zucchini caviar
Condensed milk
Mashed potatoes
Chocolate waffle cake
Drying "Baby"
Custard gingerbread "Gentle"
Sweets "White Bear"
Cracker "Goldfish"
Apple juice
The most famous blood donor in the world is the Australian James Harrison. He decided to become a donor after undergoing a serious operation at the age of 14, he was transfused with about 13 liters of donor blood. Today, Harrison is 76 years old, he managed to donate blood almost 1,000 times.
Those who have donated blood more than 40 times or plasma more than 60 times are awarded the title of "Honorary Donor" and are provided with a number of benefits.
Cash payment once a year - 12,373 rubles.
Preferential vouchers out of turn at the place of study / work.
Free travel on public transport.
Annual leave at a convenient time for the donor.
Medical assistance out of turn within the framework of the program of state guarantees of the Russian Federation.
It is interesting to know what benefits donors from other countries have.
European Union: the right to park anywhere, even under a sign.
Czech Republic: tax benefits.
France: the exclusive right to park your car even next to the car of the president.
USA and EU countries: when applying for a job, preference is given to those who have a donor card.
Germany: donors are entitled to monetary compensation for travel to the place of blood donation from 15 to 35 euros.
Italy: 18-year-olds receive an invitation from the municipal branch of AVIS to visit a donor center, and they are specially examined in advance in order to donate blood for the first time exactly on the day of their 18th birthday (becoming a donor on this day means becoming an adult).
OUR PEOPLE
Oksana SUHOCHEVA (an IPPS graduate) has already donated blood 8 times: “In my first year, a mobile blood transfusion station came to our university, I tried to donate blood, but they didn’t take me - because I was not yet 18 years old.”
A year later, the attempt was a success - from the second course, Oksana regularly donates blood 2 times a year: “I'm not afraid, it's even good for health. And I understand that this is necessary for those people who find themselves in a difficult situation.” Now, together with her colleagues, Oksana goes to donate blood in a large group. The process itself takes only 5-7 minutes, for Oksana it always goes smoothly and calmly, although there were even fainting before her eyes. “It’s very convenient when a blood transfusion station comes to work, but even if it didn’t come, I would go to donate blood myself!”
It is not at all necessary to be a donor only for your relatives and wait for the right moment to donate blood. But if the transfusion station is already near you, it is all the more worth it.
Ada BUGAKOVA
COME!
For the traditional campaign "SibFU Donor Day"
Today, blood transfusion is considered a standard and safe medical procedure. But this was not always the case. Even some 100 years ago, scientists in an attempt to understand how the circulatory system works, conducted strange and terrible experiments. They will be discussed in this review.
1. Primitive experimentation
In the 17th century, human blood was considered "the essence of life and useful only because of its supposed psychic effects." This belief lasted for nearly 200 years until blood was used in replacement therapy for a British woman who suffered from postpartum hemorrhage. This was preceded by years of experimentation, when various liquids were tried instead of blood.
The first intravenous injection was made in London in 1657, when Christopher Wren injected ale and wine into a dog's veins. The dog became intoxicated and the experiment was deemed a success. Eight years later, the first transfusion of blood from one animal to another took place. This clearly demonstrated that transfusion was vital to the restoration of the circulatory system and led to a series of experiments throughout Europe over the next three centuries.
2. Blood of corpses
Most often, blood transfusions led to catastrophic consequences until the discovery of blood groups in 1901 by the Austrian physician Karl Landsteiner. This medical breakthrough saved the lives of countless people who fought during World War I. However, direct and instantaneous blood transfusions on the battlefield were essential for survival. Over the next two decades, scientists pondered how blood could be stored for later use, rather than looking for immediate options for transfusion.
In 1930, Soviet scientists Vladimir Shamov and Sergei Yudin discovered that blood from cadavers could be preserved for a short time. However, its viability was still in question. On March 23, 1930, Yudin performed the first transfusion of cadaveric blood into a living patient. Surprisingly, this procedure was successful.
3. Crisis prevention
By 1938 the Second World War seemed inevitable. In the same year, Brigadier Lionel Whitby was appointed director of the British Autonomous Blood Transfusion Service of Great Britain, which provided blood to military personnel from centralized warehouses. Three years later, the United States declared that it could not transport blood by air to Europe or Africa, and this caused a shortage of blood for transfusion in American allied forces.
To ensure that wounded American soldiers would not bleed to death on the battlefield because British troops would have priority in getting it, US President Franklin Roosevelt threatened British Prime Minister Winston Churchill with bankruptcy of the British Empire.
Apparently, Roosevelt's blackmail had an effect, since Churchill gave the order to use the British blood supply to supply the needs of the American army. This continued until the spring of 1945, when all the Allies finally developed methods for long-distance transportation and storage of blood. In total, 50,000 liters of blood were sent abroad. The events that took place during this time led to the emergence of the National Blood Transfusion Service, and Brigadier Whitby was given the status of a Knight of the Crown.
4. Blood donations
In 1984, 3 years after the first case of this terrible disease, HIV was found to be the cause of AIDS. AT next year US blood banks have begun using screening tests to detect the virus. However, the technology did not meet the parameters for the detection of viral antigens and antibodies. By 1993, the number of people living in the United States who contracted AIDS through a blood transfusion was 1,098.
It revealed the public's vulnerability to a disease that few knew about, and also led to the destruction of the perception that HIV/AIDS is exclusively a disease of homosexuals. Hostility began to grow towards state and public institutions, which cast a shadow over all aspects of the country's health infrastructure, including biomedical and behavioral research. Despite today's advances in developing effective HIV testing methods, even the most sensitive screening technologies for donated blood cannot detect the virus during the first week after infection.
According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, of the approximately 16 million blood donations that occur each year, approximately 11 blood samples are infected and 20 have been observed to contain positive reaction for HIV. This has the potential to infect many recipients of donated blood.
5 Deadly Consequences
When Teyano star Selena was fatally shot by Yolanda Saldívar in March 1995, it sparked questions about whether the singer's death could be prevented. According to court documents, when a 23-year-old girl was bleeding to death, her father argued with the doctors, not allowing them to transfuse blood because of the religious beliefs of Jehovah's Witnesses. However, the doctors injected the dying girl with 3 liters of blood to save her, but everything turned out to be ineffective.
Such tragic but preventable cases are commonplace among Jehovah's Witnesses, who believe that taking the blood of another person is as sinful as an extramarital affair. This belief has led to countless unnecessary deaths among faithful followers of Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States. Just as Jehovah's Witnesses have the right to refuse blood transfusions, doctors also have the right to "fold their hands" if surgery cannot be performed without a transfusion.
6. France 1667
In 1667, a 15-year-old boy in France bled himself too much to improve his health (then bloodletting was very popular). As a result, in addition to his old ailments, the boy also suffered severe blood loss. This prompted Dr. Jean-Baptiste Denis to perform the first documented human transfusion using sheep blood. Surprisingly, the boy survived. The second experiment was also successful. But with the third patient, Antoine Maurois, things went awry.
Morua was mentally ill and roamed the streets in the nude, shouting obscenities. Dr. Denis forcibly gave him a transfusion. After receiving three transfusions of calf blood, Maurois died and Denis was charged with murder. After a lengthy legal battle, the doctor was rehabilitated, but it was decided that France would no longer provide blood transfusions to people without the approval of the Paris Medical Faculty.
7. Street transfusions
In the village of Delmas, Mpumalanga province (South Africa), drug dealers roam the streets in broad daylight, and the number of drug addicts is constantly growing, amounting to tens of thousands of people. Today, the most popular drug here is "nyaope" because of its effectiveness and incredibly cheap price (only $2). Although it is a white powdery substance that is a mixture of marijuana, low-grade heroin, rat poison and household detergents, you can smoke, most often it is mixed with water and injected into a vein to achieve a longer effect.
8. Blood for gold
Until the discovery of intravenous circulation in 1628 by William Harvey, it was believed that drinking the blood of another person would be beneficial both with medical point vision, as well as in a spiritual context. During the time of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, spectators drank the blood of dying gladiators, believing that through this they would be given the courage and strength of these fighters. Perhaps the most absurd case based on this archaic and erroneous belief occurred in 1492, when the first recorded blood transfusion attempt was described by Stefano Infessura.
After Pope Innocent VIII fell into a coma, three ten-year-old boys were promised a ducat (gold coin) in exchange for their blood. When the children were allowed to bleed, they began to pour it into the pontiff through the mouth. Not surprisingly, this procedure was not successful, resulting in the deaths of all three boys, as well as the Pope.
9. Change of soul
As mentioned above, the first human blood transfusion was performed in 1667 by Dr. Denis, who used sheep's blood. The choice of sheep was not random, nor was it related to the convenience and availability of sheep blood. In fact, different animals have been used as blood providers based on specific factors relating both to the characteristics of the animal and to specific individuals.
In the 17th century, it was believed that receiving someone else's blood changed the soul and endowed the recipient with various traits that the donor exhibited. Therefore, the doctors conducting such experiments sought to find a balance between two different personalities in order to create a more even and balanced personality. If a patient who needed a transfusion was known to have a violent temper, the ideal transfusion animal would be the tender lamb, whose blood was believed to bring peace to an agitated soul.
10. Fountain of youth
In the 17th century, a German physician suggested that the source of youth could be a transfusion of "hot and strong blood young man". This idea was practiced by the Soviet physician Alexander Bogdanov in 1924, who began injecting "young blood" into his own veins. Bogdanov, who is said to be the founder of the world's first institution entirely dedicated to the field of blood transfusion, concluded that he discovered effective method life extension. In fact, with every transfusion Bogdanov gave, he insisted that his health was definitely improving.
The Soviet doctor's naive attempt to become immortal eventually ended up with the blood he transfused himself becoming contaminated with malaria and tuberculosis, which caused his death. Interestingly, Bogdanov's theory may not be too far off the mark, according to a 2014 study published in Nature Medicine. According to the researchers, young blood, which was injected into old mice, sharpened their reaction, spatial learning and memory. The study found that blood may have anti-aging properties that can improve the ability to learn and think.
It remains only to note that blood is one of.
It can be said without exaggeration that each portion of donated blood is necessary to save someone's life. Perhaps a beloved and close person, or even your own? ..
1. The word "donor" comes from lat. donare - "to give". A person who needs a transfusion and receives donated blood is called a "recipient".
2. In the body of an adult, on average, 5.5 liters of blood, only 350-450 ml are taken from the donor at a time.
3. The most famous blood donor in the world donated about 500 liters of blood 624 times during his life.
4. Active donors are less likely to suffer from cardiovascular diseases and more easily endure blood loss during traffic accidents and other accidents. According to the World Health Organization, people who constantly donate blood live an average of 5 years longer than the average person, because they activate the hematopoietic system - red cells bone marrow- and regular stimulation of immunity.
5. In order to provide enough blood for medical needs, there must be at least 40 donors per 1000 inhabitants in the country. The average in Europe is 25–27, in the US and Canada it is 35–40. But in Russia, unfortunately, so far only 14.
6. More than 85 million blood donations are made annually in the world. About 35% of them are in developing countries and countries with economies in transition, where about 75% of the world's population lives.
7. Despite the fact that the need for donated blood in megacities is many times greater (due to the high accident rate), in Moscow today there are less than 10 donors per 1000 people.
8. 10-15% of the population can be donors, but in reality there are ten times fewer people who donate blood.
9. Every third inhabitant of the Earth at least once in his life, but will have to do a transfusion of donor blood. In Russia, 1.5 million citizens receive blood transfusions every year.
10. For one recipient, on average, three whole blood donors are needed.
11. During the Great Patriotic War, the number of donors reached 5.5 million people. Thanks to this, the active army received over 1.7 million liters of preserved blood, which was used for 7 million transfusions during operations.
13. Original videos are the brightest examples of world creativity in promoting donation ideas. If blood could be bought in a store, give life. Donate Blood and Vampire Party.
14. In an episode of Beverly Hills, 90210 (season 2, episode 22), popular in the 1990s, Dylan surprised Brenda on Valentine's Day by going to the hospital with her to donate blood. As a child, he himself needed transfusions, and this is how he repays everyone for kindness. Great idea and really unusual move!
Interesting facts about blood donation
It can be said without exaggeration that each portion of donated blood is necessary to save someone's life. Perhaps a beloved and close person, or even your own? ..
The word "donor" comes from lat. donare - "to give". A person who needs a transfusion and receives donated blood is called a "recipient".
In the body of an adult, on average, 5.5 liters of blood, only 350-450 ml are taken from the donor at a time.
The most famous blood donor in the world donated about 500 liters of blood 624 times during his life.
Active donors are less likely to suffer from cardiovascular diseases and more easily endure blood loss in road accidents and other accidents. According to the World Health Organization, people who constantly donate blood live an average of 5 years longer than the average person, because they activate the hematopoietic system - red bone marrow cells - and regularly stimulate the immune system. 
In order to provide enough blood for medical needs, the country must have at least 40 donors per 1,000 inhabitants. The average in Europe is 25–27, in the US and Canada it is 35–40. But in Russia, unfortunately, so far only 14.
More than 85 million blood donations are made annually in the world. About 35% of them are in developing countries and countries with economies in transition, where about 75% of the world's population lives.
Despite the fact that the need for donated blood in megacities is many times greater (due to the high accident rate), in Moscow today there are less than 10 donors per 1000 people.
10-15% of the population can be donors, but in reality there are ten times fewer people who donate blood. 
Every third inhabitant of the Earth at least once in his life, but will have to do a transfusion of donor blood. In Russia, 1.5 million citizens receive blood transfusions every year.
For one recipient, on average, three whole blood donors are needed.
During the Great Patriotic War, the number of donors reached 5.5 million people. Thanks to this, the active army received over 1.7 million liters of preserved blood, which was used for 7 million transfusions during operations.
World Blood Donor Day - 14 June. 
In an episode of Beverly Hills, 90210 (season 2, episode 22), popular in the 1990s, Dylan surprised Brenda on Valentine's Day by going to the hospital with her to donate blood. As a child, he himself needed transfusions, and this is how he repays everyone for kindness. Great idea and really unusual move!
(C) byaki.net
P.S. When I was severely burned as a child, they transfused a lot of blood, they brought blood from all over the country, there was little Rh negative. When I grew up, I began to donate blood myself, paid off debts ... :) I was an "Honorary Donor of the USSR", I donated blood many times, even by direct transfusion. True, it was a long time ago ... :) The last time about 15 years ago I passed it to a work colleague who had an accident.
