Clamp the carotid artery. Carotid artery: its characteristics and possible diseases What is the danger of clamping the carotid artery

More medically aware people can detect a pulse in the neck when it is not possible to do so in the arm. The absence of arterial beats means the need for urgent action to revive - resuscitation.

Anatomy features

The arteries that are called carotid in the human body are six

They are located on the left and right in the neck and head. Their main task is to ensure a sufficient flow of blood, and with it oxygen and nutrients to the brain, organs of hearing, smell, vision, tissues of the head, face, neck organs.

The length of the common carotid arteries is not the same. On the left, it is longer, as it departs directly from the aortic arch. On the right, the carotid originates from the brachiocephalic trunk - the common part of the artery that carries blood to the arm and head.

Both common vessels go up to the head and are divided into internal and external sections at the level of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx approximately in the middle part of the neck. The place of bifurcation is normally somewhat expanded and is called the carotid sinus. Here is a very important formation for the body - a sleepy glomus, tubercle, nodule. It is saturated with nerve endings, receptors that respond to pressure and chemical changes in the blood. This reflexogenic zone ensures the stabilization of blood pressure, heartbeat and the composition of blood gases.

External sleepy. It is located more anteriorly, has four sections and provides blood flow in all tissues of the surface of the head and face, tongue, thyroid gland. Its branches go to

Internal sleep. At the level of the neck, it does not give off any branches; it passes into the cranial cavity through the carotid opening in temporal bone. It has several segments in accordance with the anatomical formations through which it goes:

Inside the skull, branches extend from the internal carotid to the large brain, eyeballs, and spinal cord.

Why carotid health is important

The state of blood flow through the carotid arteries is extremely important, since insufficient blood supply to the brain leads to the development pathological conditions, which can threaten not only the weakening of health, but also the viability of the organism as a whole.

How to determine the pulse on the carotid artery

Usually they begin to look for it if the hand is not defined or there is a traumatic injury to the hands. In order to know if a person's heart is beating when there is no pulse at the wrist, it is important to know where the carotid artery is located in the neck.

The fingers of the examiner's hand are placed along the lower surface of the jaw in the area between the chin and the earlobe.
They are carried down towards the middle of the neck, where the collarbones are attached to the sternum.
On the border of the middle and upper third of this distance, it is most likely to find the beating of the carotid artery.

Another method is more suitable for men who have a clearly defined Adam's apple: place the index and middle fingers on the Adam's apple and move to the side, falling into a soft depression where the pulse is felt.

Carotid artery: where is it located, what will happen if you click on it

When looking for the carotid artery in the neck, do not use force and pressure on it.

Strong clamping can reduce the flow of blood and oxygen to the brain and cause fainting.
If you press in the carotid sinus, carotid glomus, a person may lose consciousness due to a reflex decrease in blood pressure.
The carotid arteries in the elderly are a favorite localization of atherosclerotic plaques, especially the area of the carotid sinus. With careless, strong pressure, they are partially destroyed, and their fragments can clog smaller vessels of the brain, the orbit, and cause irreversible damage. In addition, on the surface of the plaques there may be blood clots, which, breaking away, cause a stroke, thrombosis of the arteries of the eye and other vessels of the head.

Therefore, researchers of the pulse on the neck must be extremely careful.

Carotid disease

Most often, these vessels are susceptible to atherosclerosis. Less common are aneurysms and pathological tortuosity of their various departments.

Atherosclerosis

decreased elasticity of the arteries;
narrowing of their lumen;
occlusion is a complete blockage.

Depending on the volume of the lesion, the blood flow through the carotid arteries and their branches is disturbed. Especially severe violations blood circulations are noted at blockage of vessels of system of internal carotid. If compensation is not possible, blood stops flowing to certain parts of the brain, which leads to fatal impairment of brain functions and death of the patient.

Aneurysm

Of limited extent, pathological vasodilatation can develop with

atherosclerotic lesions of the walls and exposure to high blood pressure;
congenital features of connective tissue;
systemic diseases.

In the expansion zone of the vessel, its walls are thinned, so there is a great danger of their rupture. This leads to a hemorrhagic stroke if it occurs at the level of the intracerebral arteries and to massive bleeding if the aneurysm was located in a wider vessel in the neck.

Pathological tortuosity

It can also be due to heredity or atherosclerosis in combination with hypertension. Types of twists:

S-shaped. It does not cause significant disturbances, but can progress, transforming into more dangerous forms.
Inflection. May intermittently block blood flow, which may manifest as a violation cerebral circulation.
Loop-shaped. Features of blood flow through the loop lead to a decrease in its output velocity, which disrupts normal hemodynamics.

Diagnostics

Pathology of the carotid artery is accompanied by some symptoms, often dizziness, fainting, headaches, memory impairment, but it cannot be considered specific, since similar signs can be observed in other diseases. Moreover, patients often learn about aneurysms, atherosclerotic plaques and tortuosity by chance during examination for another reason, since arterial stenosis up to half of the lumen does not significantly affect hemodynamics.

Therefore, for an accurate diagnosis, use:

Ultrasound techniques - duplex scanning with Doppler analysis;
X-ray - angiography, spiral computed tomography.
Magnetic resonance imaging.

They give an idea of the degree of damage to the arteries, the presence of plaques in the lumen, narrowing or expansion, wall thickness, blood flow velocity. These parameters allow physicians to determine which treatment is indicated for a patient.

Treatment

The initial stages of atherosclerosis and hypertension are subject to conservative treatment. It includes

The use of drugs that reduce blood pressure, normalize cholesterol levels, prevent the formation of plaques, dissolve them, and strengthen the vascular wall.
Changing lifestyle in order to strengthen blood vessels, immunity, get rid of excess weight, stop the harmful effects of smoking, drinking alcohol.

Surgical treatment is indicated for significant obstruction of blood flow or for developed bleeding, strokes.

Carotid endarterectomy. Extraction of atherosclerotic plaques and other overlays from the vessel.
Arterial stenting. Installation of a rigid structure inside the artery in order to prevent its further narrowing.
Vascular prosthetics. Creation of detours or replacement of part of the vessel when it is completely blocked.
Clipping of aneurysms. In case of bleeding from an aneurysm, an urgent surgical intervention is indicated, which allows the application of a clip to deprive the blood flow of the expanded portion of the vessel. For the same purpose, intravascular embolization of the aneurysm is carried out by introducing a balloon or coil.

Most diseases of the carotid artery are somehow associated with atherosclerosis. Prevention measures are familiar and should be applied to maintain a good quality of life well into old age.

how to clamp the carotid artery to pass out

In the Other Arts section, to the question Does anyone know how to deprive a person of consciousness by pressing on the carotid artery, where it is located, how to press correctly, asked by the author of Makap, the best answer is Press your finger under lower jaw on the neck. Do you feel the pulse?

If you pinch the carotid arteries on both sides for 5-6 minutes (depending on the temperature environment) - irreversible processes occur in the brain and a person will either become a vegetable for the rest of his life, or die on x .. y .. y.

What happens to a person if you press on the carotid artery?

If you press on the carotid artery, pers. will die?

if you “press” with a tourniquet, yes on your neck, yes. If you press it, you won’t die, you will lose consciousness. But if you damage it, so that the blood flows, then the end, and very quickly. The matter is in the professionalism of the person who presses and the time of pressing ... \ Dog buzz \ Your friend will load you with the most pain:))))))))))))))) depending on what and how He loses consciousness. To die, you need to hold for 5-10 minutes. If you want it to die for sure - it's better to cut it! press yourself and then say what happened if you don’t die))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) I got a traumatic brain injury because of this! I have a child of 15 years old, all this terrible happened right in front of my eyes. I tied a small piece of rope and began to stretch it. I say take it away. I turn away to lay out the products from the package; it happened in the kitchen. I hear a knock. I turn the child lies on the table. I scream in fright what happened. And then, as he begins to convulse with his legs and arms and his head on the table. Then he gets up and does nothing.

The human circulatory system is a complex mechanism consisting of a four-chamber muscle pump and many channels. Vessels that supply organs with blood are called arteries. These include the common carotid artery, which transports blood from the heart to the brain. The normal functioning of the body is impossible without the effective circulation of blood flow, since it carries the most important trace elements and oxygen.

What is the carotid artery

As already mentioned, this species artery is a vessel designed to supply the head and neck. The carotid vein has a wide shape necessary for transfer a large number oxygen, creating an intensive and continuous blood flow. Thanks to the artery, the tissues of the brain, visual apparatus, face and other peripheral organs are enriched, due to which their work occurs.

Where is

The Role of the Vessel

The carotid artery is quite "gentle". Clamping it can lead to a sudden loss of consciousness. Those who.

What happens if you press on the carotid artery

Many names of parts of the human body are given in connection with certain signs and properties. For example, the temporal bone of the skull is called ostistemporalis, that is, translated from Latin as the bone of time.

Where did such a name come from? It is in the area of \u200b\u200bthis bone, where the temples are located, that a person has the first gray hair, which indicates time and temporality in general. Thus, this name appeared.

It is not difficult to draw a definite connection between the name of the carotid artery and the property that this part has. human body. If you think about what will happen if you press on the carotid artery, then the following thought appears: the person will fall asleep and the thought is quite correct. Indeed, if you pinch the large arteries that are located on the sides of the neck, then drowsiness will appear, and then consciousness will turn off.

What is the reason for this phenomenon? Main blood supply to the brain.

The carotid artery (arteria carotis communis) is a large paired vessel whose main function is to supply blood to most of the head, brain, and eyes.

There are several definitions:

Common carotid artery; Right and left; Internal and external.

From this publication, you will learn how many carotid arteries a person actually has and what functions each of them performs. But first, let's find out where this unusual name came from - the carotid artery.

Carotid artery: why is it called that?

Pressure on the carotid artery is perceived by its receptors (terminal formations of afferent nerve fibers) as an increase in pressure and begin to actively work to lower it. A person's heartbeat slows down, due to squeezing of blood vessels, oxygen starvation begins, which causes drowsiness. It is because of this property that the carotid artery got its name.

Attention! With a strong and prolonged mechanical effect on the carotid.

Do you know where the carotid artery is? This is worth knowing - after all, it is on it that the pulse is best felt, which can be useful to you in many situations.

The carotid artery, or as it is more correct to call it - the common carotid artery (arteria carotis communis), carries blood from the heart to the brain and peripheral organs of the human head. It is quite wide in diameter, since for normal provision nerve cells brain tissue with oxygen, the blood flow must be intense and stable. You may have noticed how uncomfortable it becomes if the tie is pulled too tight, or if the neck of the sweater is tightly wrapped around the neck - discomfort caused precisely by the fact that the carotid arteries are slightly compressed. If you pass them more strongly, as happens with suffocation, the person loses consciousness. From the outside, it looks like you suddenly fell asleep - hence the colloquial name arteria carotis communis.

Speaking of where the carotid artery is located.

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by the most in a simple way pulse measurement is its palpation immediately after the cessation physical activity(during some exercises, for example, when running or walking, the pulse is difficult to determine, although this is possible).

The technique here is as follows: You touch the artery with your hand and count the number of pulsations. The easiest way to feel the pulse is on the carotid artery, located on the front of the neck on both sides, and the radial artery on the hand (you must attach the index finger to the hand). In addition, the pulse is easily determined by placing the base of the palm on the left side of the chest at the top of the heart. Note that there are cases when a person’s pulse is not felt anywhere. In this case, you should resort to the help of a pulse sensor.

Most often, the pulse is determined on the hand, since this place is most accessible. When you put your finger on the radial artery, the pulse does not drop, as it does when you touch it.

It is difficult for a non-specialist to correctly find the carotid artery and pulse, because it is worse palpable than on the wrist, and even unskilled.

There is an artery in our body that supplies blood from the heart to our brain. It is called sleepy, because if you press hard on it, then the person loses consciousness, as if suddenly falling asleep abruptly. The carotid artery divides into left and right and is fairly easy to find on the sides of the neck.

If there is a rupture of the carotid artery, then there is little that can be done to help a person - this is practically a fatal phenomenon. Heavy bleeding begins, which is very difficult to stop. A rupture can occur in traffic accidents, when the neck is hit with an object, during medical procedures, and even as a result of careless rapid movement of the neck. Therefore, to carry out any manipulations with this part of our body is extremely risky and dangerous.

Symptoms

In addition to the obvious rupture accompanied by bleeding, a gradual excision of the artery is possible - the walls stretch, become weak and thin, and blood flow is disturbed. As a result, maybe.

Arteries are vessels that a person needs to transport blood from the heart to all organs and various human tissues. Don't confuse them with veins, because veins carry blood in the opposite direction towards the heart. There is the concept of "common carotid artery", and in addition, they also talk about the left and right common carotid arteries, external and internal.

Therefore, in order to understand where the carotid artery is located, it is necessary to understand these concepts.

Where is the carotid artery located?

The common carotid artery is a paired artery and originates in the ventral aorta in the region of the chest cavity. That is, it passes from the heart to the neck. The function of the carotid artery is to supply blood to the brain, as well as to the eyes of most of the head. It is in it that plaques, which are called atherosclerosis, can appear. It turns out that the narrowing or blockage of its vessels can lead to circulatory disorders and even stroke. The carotid artery divides into two branches. The right carotid artery comes from the brachiocephalic trunk.

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Even in childhood, from detective books and action movies, we learned that there is such a carotid artery on a person’s neck, chopping it with his palm or squeezing it with a chokehold, the hero or villain “cuts out” his victim. At a more mature age, we learn to find and measure the pulse on this very artery. And closer to old age, we find that the carotid arteries are prone to serious illnesses leading to stroke. As you can see, there are more than enough reasons to get to know this important organ better.

Arteries are the vessels through which the heart pumps blood to all internal organs and tissues human body. This is their difference from the veins, which are channels for transporting blood in the opposite direction - to the heart. Since our brain constantly needs large amounts of oxygen, a lot of blood is supplied to it, which enters through two carotid and two vertebral arteries, and the main volume falls on the carotid arteries. Hence the effect, due to which and.

Functions and location of the carotid artery in humans

Knowing where the carotid artery is located can help in a critical situation and even save a person's life. The fact is that a pulse is well felt on the carotid artery, and if it is absent, artificial respiration will be required.

Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the organs. Their difference from veins is in the reverse process, that is, veins supply blood to the heart.

The common carotid artery transports blood from the heart muscle to the brain and other peripheral organs of the human head. The artery is quite wide. This is due to the need to transport sufficient levels of oxygen to enrich the brain tissues and the presence of a stable but intense blood flow.

The carotid artery is quite "gentle". Clamping it can lead to a sudden loss of consciousness. Those who have ever worn a tightly tightened tie or sweater with a high and narrow collar noticed a peculiar feeling of discomfort. Such discomfort is caused by compression of the carotid artery.

Before answering the question about the location of the carotid artery, you need to make a reservation that there are two of them. One is on the right side of the neck, and the other is on the left. The artery that runs along the left side is somewhat longer than the artery that runs along the right, since the first originates at the brachiocephalic trunk, and the second - in the aortic arch.

To feel the pulse of the carotid artery in the neck, you need to find a point under the cheekbone in the hole, on the right or left side of the Adam's apple. In heavily muscled people, detecting the pulse in this way may take a little longer than in the average person, since muscles can close the artery.

Determining the presence of a pulse in the neck is considered optimal in a critical situation. The fact is that not all people feel a pulsation on the wrist.

The carotid artery in humans consists of several parts and is therefore considered a paired organ. The normal blood flow for the brain is 55 ml/100 g of tissue, and the oxygen demand is 3.7 ml/min/100 g. This volume of blood supply is provided by normal arteries with normal intima and undisturbed vessel lumen. The external artery is located above the larynx towards the front of the head and is its anterior component.

In the place where the Adam's apple, or "Adam's apple", is located, the carotid artery is divided into 2 branches. One goes to the back of the head, and the other to the front. The one at the back supplies blood to the brain. The second part that goes to the front is the blood supplier of the eyes and face. Both parts branch and pass through all the tissues in the head area, saturating them with blood, and the blood with oxygen.

The external carotid artery itself is divided into 4 components. It consists of the following departments:

The terminal branches, as they decrease towards the edges, form a large network of capillaries that extend into the oral cavity and into eyeballs. Everyone can verify the presence of capillaries. At the moment of embarrassment, stressful situations, laughter or in hot weather, the face is covered with a blush. This reddening of the face is the result of the work of blood vessels. In some people, this process is less pronounced than in others. The reason for this may be the color of the skin, the thickness of the fatty layer and other features of the epidermis.

The internal carotid artery is the posterior part of the main artery. Directly, its main task is to deliver blood to the brain, which will enrich the cells with oxygen, which is necessary for the normal functioning of the latter. Rising along the neck, the artery enters the skull at the temple.

Under the influence of external stimuli, such as those listed earlier (stress, hot weather, etc.), blood flow increases in the internal carotid artery. With a short preservation of this state, a person experiences a surge of strength and emotional upsurge. In the case when the intensity of blood circulation is kept above the norm for a long time, the reverse process begins to occur. This condition is due to an excess of oxygen in the brain. It should be understood that insufficient oxygen supply, as well as its oversupply, are equally harmful to humans.

The internal carotid artery is subdivided into the following parts:

Laterally from it is the internal jugular vein, v. jugularis interna. On its way to the base of the skull, the internal carotid artery passes along the lateral side of the pharynx (cervical part, pars cervicalis) medially from the parotid gland, separated from it by the stylohyoid and stylo-pharyngeal muscles.

The internal carotid artery divides into several smaller arteries, which also divide into even smaller ones, and so on. Thus, a large and complex blood highway arises, which provides the brain cells with oxygen.

In the cranial cavity, small branches depart from the cerebral part of the internal carotid artery to the pituitary gland: the superior pituitary artery (a. hypophysialis superior) and the clivus branch (r. clivi), which supplies the dura mater of the brain in this area.

Due to the fact that the carotid artery performs one of the most important functions in the body, its damage is dangerous to health. Bleeding from it can lead to death in 2.5-3 minutes if it is not stopped in time and the victim is not taken to the appropriate medical institution where he will receive professional medical care. It should be understood that with such serious injuries, even doctors can not always help.

Since oxygen is delivered to the brain through the artery, it is easy to guess what will happen if you press on the carotid artery. The person will feel sleepy, which is a symptom oxygen starvation.

Longer pressure on the carotid artery can put a person to sleep.

The duration of the loss of consciousness will depend on the time of squeezing. You can not press hard and hold your fingers on your neck for a long time. Due to the fact that the supply of oxygen to the brain stops, a person may remain disabled or not survive at all. Therefore, if it becomes necessary to check the pulse on the neck, light pressure is applied with the index and middle fingers. To find and determine the presence of a pulse, you can use any finger except the thumb, since it has its own pulse.

If it is necessary not only to check the presence of a pulse, but also to count the number of beats, then the measurement technique must be carried out correctly, depending on the side of the neck on which the data measurement process will take place. Measurement on the right side should be carried out right hand. If you measure the pulse of the left, then you can immediately clamp the 2nd artery, which will affect the results.

The carotid arteries in the neck are one of those that can be fatal if damaged. For this reason, it is categorically not recommended to conduct tests, whether a person will lose consciousness if an artery in the neck is compressed, or not.

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How to find the carotid artery

Look for the carotid artery primarily for determining the pulse. The pulse is central and peripheral. What people usually feel on the wrist is the peripheral pulse. If a person has low blood pressure, he may not be felt. That is why the information on some tonometers that are worn on the forearm is so distorted. And on sleepy and femoral arteries central pulse. Using it, you will always determine the heartbeat more accurately.

It is difficult for a non-specialist to correctly find the carotid artery and pulse, because it is worse palpable than on the wrist, and unskilled pressing is fraught with trouble - you can harm the patient. But if you want to learn how to quickly find this artery in yourself and in other people, first try to study the corresponding section of the anatomical atlas.

Also, remember that you should not look for a pulse using thumb hands, because it also has its own pulse, and you can "find" tremors of blood where they cannot be. This circumstance is especially important if you measure the pulse of another person. Use only your index and middle fingers.

The carotid artery runs on both sides of the neck. Position the person's head straight and pay attention to their neck. A depression is visible between the larynx and the anterolateral muscle of the neck. This is where the carotid artery is located.

To find the carotid pulse, place your fingers under the jaw, midway between the chin and the earlobe. Run your fingers down the neck from the angle of the lower jaw. Near the windpipe, you will find a small depression where the pulse is felt.

You can also mentally divide the segment between the earlobe and the angle of the collarbone into three parts. The carotid artery is located between the upper and middle thirds of the segment. Sometimes there is a need to press on an artery, for example, to stop bleeding. It is pressed with the index, middle or thumb to the second cervical vertebra, from the bottom up. But, of course, it is better not to conduct such experiments without special need.

Where is the carotid artery located in humans and what functions does it perform?

The carotid artery is one of the largest blood vessels in the human body. It forms a whole network of blood vessels that supply blood to the brain, its membranes and facial muscles. And at the same time, it is the most vulnerable of the large human vessels, since the common carotid artery is located close to the surface of the skin.

Where is the carotid artery located?

The sledge artery is located on the anterior lateral surface of the neck

It should immediately be noted that there are several vessels with this name in the human body. Usually they mean the common carotid artery - a paired vessel, on the left it departs directly from the aorta, and on the right - from the short brachiocephalic trunk, which gives rise not only to the carotid, but also to the subclavian artery on the right.

On both sides, the vessels pass behind the clavicle, thyroid gland and larynx on the anterolateral surface of the neck. At the level of the IV-V cervical vertebra (the thyroid cartilage of the larynx, which in men forms the Adam's apple), they are divided into two main branches.

The outer one continues its movement up the neck, goes around the joint of the lower jaw from the outside, supplies blood to the muscles of the face, lower jaw, meninges, skull bones. The internal branch enters the cranial cavity behind the lower jaw, supplies blood to the pia mater and brain tissue.

The internal carotid arteries on both sides, together with the vertebral arteries on both sides, form the circle of Willis, a structure that maintains the blood supply to the brain stem even if one of the four vessels that form it is damaged.

A characteristic feature of the carotid arteries is a developed network of communications (anastomoses) between the systems of the external and internal carotid arteries, carotid arteries on both sides.

In fact, the network of blood vessels of the head is a single structure, which allows the brain to maintain at least partial blood supply in case of vascular diseases and injuries.

Meaning, structure and functions

The carotid artery is responsible for the blood supply to the brain.

The carotid arteries form the basis of the blood circulation of the brain, its higher sections - the cerebral hemispheres, the diencephalon and its nuclei, partially - the middle, medulla oblongata and cerebellum. The brain stem receives blood supply twice - it is fed by the vertebral arteries (depart from the subclavian) and the internal carotid arteries.

Also, muscles, bones and skin of the face, eyes, olfactory receptors in the nose and taste receptors in the tongue, teeth and gums are supplied from the pool of the same artery.

A large number of anastomoses allows maintaining relative blood supply in case of vascular pathologies, but also creates a number of dangers. For example, from the focus of inflammation on the skin of the face, pathogens can penetrate the meninges or the brain.

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the carotid artery for the state of the human brain - both arterial systems bring about 70% of blood to the nervous tissue and its accompanying structures.

Internal and external carotid artery

The common carotid artery divides into internal and external

The main vessel branches into two large branches, called the outer and inner. The branching point is located at the level of the IV-V cervical vertebra, behind the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. This part of the common carotid artery is called the bifurcation. Both arteries rise up the neck and supply blood to the structures of the head.

The internal carotid artery goes around the temporomandibular joint with inside and enters the cranial cavity through a canal in the temporal bone. Up to this point, it does not give large branches. Further, the internal carotid artery gives rise to several large vessels.

The branches of both internal carotid and both vertebral arteries form the circle of Willis, the most important arterial structure of the brain. The blood flow in it is preserved even if one of the carotid or vertebral arteries is damaged. In addition to the arterial ring, the artery gives several more branches that provide blood to the hemispheres of the brain and eyes.

The external carotid artery on the neck runs parallel to the internal one, and also does not give large branches.

It goes around the temporomandibular joint from the outside and goes to the facial muscles. It gives three main groups of branches. The anterior group supplies blood to the lower jaw thyroid gland, larynx, tongue. Middle - temporal region, upper jaw, eye sockets and part of the pharynx and esophagus. Back - back of the head, auricle and middle ear, lateral surface of the neck. In each group of branches there are vessels that supply blood to the dura mater.

The areas of blood supply of each of the group of vessels intersect with neighboring branches, as well as with the same name on the opposite side, forming a complex network of anastomoses. This leads both to positive phenomena - a stable blood supply to the brain, even with injuries and pathologies of part of the vessels, and to negative ones - it creates pathways for the spread of infection and blood clots inside the cranial cavity.

How to measure the pulse on the carotid artery?

Carotid pulse is easily palpable

The common carotid artery is palpated in the neck just below the thyroid cartilage of the larynx on either side of the trachea. The thyroid cartilage in men forms an Adam's apple, and therefore is easily distinguishable visually. In women, it is palpable with a slightly thrown back head. Having felt the thyroid cartilage, you need to lower your fingers 1-2 cm lower - it is at this point that you can palpate the pulse on the carotid artery.

Normally, the pulse on the common carotid arteries is the same on both sides, it is felt somewhat more distinctly than on the radial arteries (on the wrist), but coincides with it in frequency. As a rule, at healthy people The carotid pulse is not measured because it is not necessary.

This indicator becomes important in cases of suspected vascular pathology. In particular, the discrepancy between the pulse on the carotid and radial arteries indicates that there is some kind of obstruction to blood flow in the subclavian artery system (thrombus or congenital vasoconstriction).

If the pulse on the right and left carotid arteries does not match in frequency, this indicates a violation of blood flow in the system of one of the common carotid arteries.

With shock and terminal states the pulse on the radial arteries is not determined, and there is a need to look for it on the common carotid. The absence of a pulse in the carotid arteries is one of the signs of clinical death.

Risk of crushing the carotid artery

Among all large vessels, the carotid artery is located closest to the skin. This makes it easy to determine the pulse on it, but creates the risk of damaging it. Any injury to the neck, especially affecting its anterolateral surface, is dangerous by injuring the carotid artery, which leads to severe bleeding and rapid death from blood loss.

But there is another danger - squeezing the carotid artery, in which the blood flow in it sharply decreases or completely stops. Squeezing can occur with trauma - for example, in a person who has fallen under a blockage, with improper first aid (an attempt to put a splint on the neck or stop bleeding from the opposite artery or jugular vein), and can also occur intentionally.

You can learn more about how to find the carotid artery for measuring the pulse from the video:

Pressing on the carotid artery causes oxygen starvation of the brain. A person feels drowsiness and fatigue after a few seconds of exposure. If it does not stop, the victim loses consciousness, then death from oxygen starvation occurs. When clamping both common carotid arteries, death occurs within minutes.

There is an additional danger - in some people, the circle of Willis is not completely closed due to the fact that one of the branches is missing or underdeveloped. In this case, the clamping of one of the carotid arteries is not compensated by the other three vessels, and that leads to a much faster death.

Carotid artery hurts - what does it mean?

Pain in the carotid artery may be caused by an aneurysm or atherosclerosis

It is difficult for a non-specialist (and a specialist too) to distinguish carotid pain from other pain in the neck. However, the pathology of this vessel can cause pain. Most often, this is a sign of an aneurysm - expansion of the walls of the vessel.

Aneurysm can be either congenital or acquired as a result of various injuries or diseases. The essence of the pathology is that a protrusion forms in the wall of the vessel, which changes the speed of blood flow and creates its turbulence. All vessels are susceptible to this pathology, including the common, external and internal carotid artery.

The danger of an aneurysm is that eddies in the blood flow create conditions for damage to erythrocytes and vascular endothelium, as a result, a thrombus is formed that can block the lumen of the vessel or come off and block one of the branches of the carotid artery, which leads to strokes or damage to the facial muscles.

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This dangerous game is found among children and adolescents; have been doing it since at least the beginning of the 20th century. Unlike sexual asphyxia, the goal of choking play is not to be sexually aroused.

Anatomically, the anterior cervical triangle contains the main carotid triangle. Pressure can be applied from either side. The anterior cervical triangle is a triangle bounded by the sternocleidomastoid muscle (a large protruding muscle on the anterolateral surface of the neck), the lower jaw from above, and a line drawn from the center of the chin to the interclavicular fossa. There are three smaller triangles in the anterior cervical triangle:

triangle under the lower jaw (it is separated by the digastric muscle of the jaw)

main carotid triangle

subordinate carotid (muscular) triangle.

from lack of oxygen to the brain when squeezing one or both carotid arteries and air duct) All together

There is also a small artery in the spinal column. It is really difficult to pass all the arteries with the elbow.

Brachycardia and hypotension are sometimes observed, sometimes tachycardia and hypertension. It all depends on the sensitivity of the carotid sinus and the point of application of pressure.

The volume of blood flowing to the brain decreases, but after the cessation of strangulation, it is restored in an average of 5 seconds.

peripheral circulatory system also reacts: dilation of blood vessels in the muscles and contraction of blood vessels in the skin. During shock and loss of consciousness, along with vasodilation, brachycardia and hypotension are also observed.

Suffocation causes stress by affecting the fluid exchange systems, the pituitary gland, causing the release of adrenaline:

The volume of blood entering the brain decreases and the content of proteins in the plasma increases. This is due to an increase in the capacity of the blood vessels. In this, the result of strangulation is similar to the effects of electric shock.

The albumin/globulin ratio remains unchanged.

The content of eosinophils temporarily increases. After suffocation is stopped, their number decreases to normal in about 4 hours.

17-ketosteroids in the urine: within 2 hours after asphyxiation, their number increases, and then decreases to normal levels over 6-8 hours.

Electroencephalography shows that seizures that appear in an unconscious state are very similar to epilepsy. However, no destructive phenomena were found. Therefore, strangulation is considered safer than a boxing knockout.

conclusions

The picture is colorful! In fact, this is what happens. It says only one thing - about the manifestation state of shock into which the brain is plunged due to hypoxia.

Please note that this happens to the vast majority of those experimented (I use the terminology of the authors of the article)!

And then the authors of the article write about the localization of seizures emanating from brain regions, without specifying from which ones specifically. If doctors pointed to these areas, it would be possible to determine in which of the pools of arteries such changes in the state of the body occur.

The question involuntarily arises: do the doctors themselves know about the localization of zones that affect the motor activity of a person, his vegetative reactions. If they knew, then it would no longer be about the external carotid artery. I got the impression that they mixed up something with something.

blanching skin and the expansion of the pupils, the occurrence of which the authors point out, once again confirm the presence of a collision of two processes: inhibition and excitation, so characteristic of stress. I didn't add anything "on my own" here. This is a classic of neurology, which is impossible not to know.

“After a minute, when the patient fully recovered, the REG study was again conducted. According to our specialists, in 49 patients, the amplitude of pulse blood filling immediately increased to 30-40% of the initial level in the area with its decrease, the interhemispheric asymmetry of blood filling of the cerebral vessels was leveled, and their tone increased.

And one more important detail. In experiments with hypoxia, there is no so-called "control" group of patients who underwent everything except hypoxia. Without this, the information presented "falls short" of scientific justification.

The fact that changes in the REG were noted immediately after the procedure only indicates the reaction of the body to the amount of exposure, and not that the cause of the pathology of the cerebral vessels was eliminated.

A similar example is the administration of strong diuretics, which most often result in the opposite effect, in the form of blocking the excretory function of the kidneys, while small doses always give the desired diuretic effect.

There is nothing surprising in the occurrence of a transient (quickly passing) reaction of the vessels and the brain itself to stress. However, the reader, probably, drew attention to the fact that each patient underwent preparatory measures in the form of "manual processing", used medications, reducing arterial pressure. The authors point to small dosages of the drugs they prescribe, forgetting that it is precisely such small doses that often have a stronger effect than the standard ones.

“Unexpected was the occurrence of procedure dependence syndrome in all of the study patients. They were looking forward to the treatment session, insisting on more frequent treatment.”

I recall the description of the "fun" performed in the cadet corps, when, with the consent of all parties, four guys, holding one, pinched his face with a pillow. Lack of air led to cerebral hypoxia (complete) and convulsions, during which all the sphincters in the body of the volunteer opened, and orgasm occurred. Seeing the ejection of sperm, the guys began to assist the subject in restoring breathing. Apparently, the acuity of sensations, the near-death rush of adrenaline and other emotions made young people want to repeat the grotesque procedure again and again.

Naturally, when it comes to such emotional manifestations as not being addicted, especially for those people who are not satisfied or deprived of life.

Dependence on hypoxia is explained by the fact that the brain, being an endocrine gland, secretes a number of hormones into the blood that can cause a whole range of sensations, including joy, pleasure, euphoria, sexual emotions, etc. Bringing the brain into a stressful state of acute hypoxia, can cause the release of large amounts of hormones.

COMMENTS. And in our case, everything goes by mutual agreement, but with somewhat reduced sensations. Or maybe experimenters like to cause dependence in patients? I know a sufficient number of examples when the induced dependence, bordering on the complete subordination of the consciousness of the patients who sought help, was a very pleasant meaning of life for a kind of experimenters.

However, everything would be fine if it concerned only this emotional affect, because not everyone has this addiction. Everything is much more serious.

I came across myself, though not to the “blackout”, but I don’t remember how I survived. Having stood up for about 30 seconds, he was in a “knockdown” t.s. well, there was little time left before the end of the fight and I was leading, it was hard to fight normally. 8-0

I did it myself once, on a dare, (I am a sambo wrestler) one juder did not believe that I would “strangle” him - he turned off in a split second.

The most unpleasant thing is that it is in the carotid artery that cholesterol plaques are mainly deposited, which, with a long accumulation process, lead to atherosclerosis. This process can be compared with the sticking of dirt to the inner walls of water pipes. What quality will the water flow in them and how narrow will its flow be? Blood is not water, but biological material, the slightest impact on which can lead to a catastrophe of the whole organism. First of all, smokers and drunkards, lovers of spending all their free time on the couch, oversized people who do not want to fight obesity, diabetics, all those who have a hereditary predisposition to atherosclerosis, as well as nervous people are at risk.

With a hangover, the heart rate increases and atrial fibrillation may occur

Sleeping all night on the shoulder of a loved one is dangerous for his health

In Pervouralsk, as the investigative committee assured us, there have never been deaths from such games on the verge.

But this situation is very serious, - employees noted in a telephone conversation. - This is a very dangerous prank.

Therefore, advice to parents - if you find out that this is the case - inform the police. The department for work with minors of the city DMIA will definitely conduct preventive actions. You shouldn't joke about it.

SHEIA.RU

Carotid Artery: Where Is It And What Will Happen If You Press

What happens when the carotid artery is occluded

About 70% of the blood that feeds the brain is transported by the carotid arteries. It is not for nothing that these vessels, important for life, are called sleepy - if you pinch them for at least 10 seconds, a person will really “fall asleep”. What is the carotid artery, where is it located, what will happen if you press it?

Where is

The carotid artery is a paired vessel. Departing from the thoracic aorta, it immediately diverges into 2 separate arteries. One runs along the left side of the neck, the second on the right. In the region of the larynx, or rather the Adam's apple, each of the arteries is divided into 2 more branches - internal and external. The latter can be felt by placing the fingertips on the neck.

The internal branch runs along the temple and leads to the brain, since its main task is to supply it with blood. In the temporal region, the internal artery enters the skull. There it is divided into a network of smaller vessels, they into one more, those into another. This is how a complex blood highway is formed, supplying blood to all brain cells.

The outer one goes forward, making a slight bend along the chin and rushing up, delivering blood to the eyes and face. Its terminal branches form a huge and extensive network of capillaries heading to the oral cavity and eyeballs. It is thanks to them that in the heat or while running, a blush appears on a person’s face.

Thus, the carotid artery passes through all the tissues in the head region, saturates them with arterial blood coming from the heart, and the blood saturates them with the oxygen necessary to perform all functions.

How to feel

To feel the external branch of the carotid artery, you can use any 2 fingers, with the exception of the thumb. Because he has his own pulse. The most sensitive are the index and middle fingers.

Pressing is carried out in the area of \u200b\u200bthe cavity located between the larynx and the large muscle of the neck - anterolateral. How to find it? Initially, the fingers should be located under the lower jaw (left or right), right in the center between the ear and chin, and then lower them 2 cm. The recessed area located there allows you to feel the pulse.

The ability to feel the pulse in this way is an important skill. Since not all people have a pulsation in the wrist that is quite pronounced. By pressing on the carotid artery, you can measure the pulse. But it will take time, won't it harm the person? Depends on how to do it. Here's what will happen: if you press the carotid artery too hard - the person will lose consciousness, if the pressure is soft - nothing bad will happen.

What will happen when squeezed

If you remember the name of the blood vessel, the answer to the second frequently asked question will immediately appear, starting with the words, what will happen - if you clamp the carotid artery, the person will lose consciousness. Why is this happening?

The carotid artery is the main vessel that supplies blood to the brain, which means oxygen and other important elements. If you pinch it on one side of the neck, the blood flow will be reduced. But the second artery will continue to perform its function. However, this amount will not be enough, and the brain will go into economy mode. It will turn off its main and most costly functions - the innervation of the body, as well as the perception of the senses.

The consequences of clamping the artery can be different, depending on how it is done. If you squeeze it for no more than a minute, the person will simply lose consciousness. But after 5 minutes or earlier, he will wake up, because the blood circulation will be restored.

But taking risks and clamping the artery for more than one minute is dangerous, because with a prolonged lack of oxygen, brain cells will begin to die, and irreversible dystrophic processes will begin.

How to stop bleeding

In some cases, clamping the carotid artery can save a person's life. When bleeding from it, death occurs in just 2-3 minutes. By pinching the damaged vessel, you can extend this short time. However, the clamping technique is not easy, and unskilled actions can aggravate the situation and lead to death.

It is recommended to pinch the artery with a bandage or gauze bandage, applying them in the hole in which the pulse is felt, and pressing it with your hand. With more qualified assistance, the technique of applying a tourniquet is used. As a splint, use the hand located on the side opposite from the injury. It is lifted up and bent so that the forearm lies on the vault of the skull, and the shoulder leans against the ear.

The tourniquet is applied around the neck and the opposite limb. The involved hand will prevent the squeezing of the whole artery, located on the side opposite from the wound. A tourniquet placed this way can reduce bleeding. But you should know that even the most experienced doctor is not always able to save a person with such an injury.

Where can be useful

The technique of pressing on a vessel that supplies blood to the brain is used in many types of martial arts. When in this way the enemy is deprived of consciousness. It takes 10 seconds and a force equal to a weight of five kilograms to put a person to sleep, but he will wake up in just a quarter of a minute.

This technique is not life-threatening, since the second artery continues to feed the brain. However, you should not joke with your health. If you accidentally pinch both vessels, the consequences of oxygen starvation of the brain will be deplorable and irreversible. And you can even take a person's life.

Now you know where the carotid artery is located and what will happen if you click on it. Do not forget that this is a very important and extremely delicate organ. In no case should you squeeze it out of interest, such a stupid act can cause death or disability!

What happens if you compress the carotid artery?

The carotid arteries provide most of the oxygen demand of the brain. The overlap (short-term) of one of them does not completely bleed the brain, since there are still vertebral arteries and another carotid artery, and the network of intracranial vessels still partially provides the brain's need for blood supply. However, if the vertebral arteries are impinged (this is often the case with diseases of the spine), and the contralateral blood flow can be blocked by atherosclerosis. In this case, clamping one carotid artery can lead to a massive stroke almost immediately.

In addition, in the place where the common carotid artery branches into external and internal, one of the most important receptors that provides homeostasis of the body, the carotid sinus, is located. Pressing on it causes a reflex decrease in blood pressure and a decline in heart activity - up to its complete stop, which leads to almost instantaneous death. At best, the person will lose consciousness.

How to act to clamp the carotid artery

The carotid artery is one of the most important blood channels that feeds the brain, organs of vision and some other intracranial structures.

It branches off from the thoracic aorta and runs to the neck, where it diverges into two separate vessels (right and left). In the region of the larynx, the artery is divided into internal and external. It is the latter that is well felt on the lateral surfaces of the neck and, with the help of its palpation, the pulse rate is determined. Also, in some cases, by pressing on the vessel, it is possible to stop blood loss for a short time in case of wounds and injuries. Therefore, each person should know how to clamp the carotid artery in order to provide first aid to the victims if necessary.

Vessel location

First, let's figure out how to grope for the carotid artery. To do this, use the index and middle fingers, which are most sensitive to the pulsation of the vessels. The area of palpation is a depression located between the anterolateral muscle and the larynx. To determine the pulse, you need to place your fingers under the lower jaw, namely in the area between the earlobe and the chin, dropping down by about 2 cm. A pulsation can be felt in the hole near the windpipe.

Stop bleeding

In the event of an injury or injury where there is damage to the blood vessels in the neck and external arterial bleeding, it is important to know how to occlude the carotid artery. This must be done quickly and at the same time very carefully, as strong pressure can cause even more harm to the victim. Of course, such measures rarely save the life of the wounded, and most often death occurs in the first minutes after an injury to an artery in the neck. In addition, unskilled first aid in such situations can be fatal.

When bleeding from the carotid artery, it is recommended to pinch it using bandages or a gauze bandage folded several times. You need to apply the tissue to the area where the pulse is usually felt, pressing down with your hand from above. A more qualified first aid approach involves the application of a tourniquet. The arm of the victim, which is opposite to the side of the wound, must be raised, bent and placed with the forearm on the cranial vault. Then apply a tourniquet around the neck and involved upper limb. With the right actions, the shoulder, acting as a splint, should touch the ear. Thus, the hand will prevent strangulation and squeezing of intact vessels on the opposite side of the neck.

Important: you can not exert strong pressure on the carotid artery, as this will increase blood pressure, slow down the heartbeat and the person will lose consciousness.

Artificially induced hypoxia

In what cases the question still arises, how to clamp the carotid artery? In some types of martial arts, a strangulation technique is used when the opponent is deprived of consciousness by pressing on the vessels that feed the brain. For a person to faint, it is enough to put pressure on the carotid artery equal to a weight of 5 kg. With the correct execution of the reception, loss of consciousness occurs in about 10 seconds. The enemy can come to his senses within a quarter of a minute. A choke hold, as such, does not pose a mortal threat. This is due to the fact that oxygen and nutrients continue to flow to the brain through the second carotid and vertebral arteries. At the same time, such a method of protection can save a life in a dangerous situation. So, knowing how to clamp the carotid artery, a relatively weak woman is able to immobilize even a large and strong man.

If you squeeze both carotid vessels on the right and left sides of the neck, this can lead to serious consequences. At the same time, the oxygen tension to the cells of the head organs falls below the critical value, metabolic and physiological processes are disturbed. Complete blockage of blood flow to the brain provokes irreversible changes that can cause death.

What happens if the carotid artery is occluded?

If you press for a while, then nothing will happen. Perhaps only dizziness, mist in the eyes, rise in blood pressure. As already mentioned, there are two carotid arteries. In addition to them, there are vertebrates. And together they form the circle of Willis. If one of the sources is blocked, then the load will be distributed to the others.

But if you squeeze both at once, then the pressure, on the contrary, will drop, and you can feel a slight euphoria. But just don't try too hard, it's deadly.

What happens to a person if you press on the carotid artery?

If you press on the carotid artery, pers. will die?

What is the carotid artery

As already mentioned, this type of artery is a vessel designed to feed the head and neck. The carotid vein has a wide shape, necessary to carry a large amount of oxygen, create an intense and continuous blood flow. Thanks to the artery, the tissues of the brain, visual apparatus, face and other peripheral organs are enriched, due to which their work occurs.

Where is

The Role of the Vessel

The carotid artery is quite "gentle". Clamping it can lead to a sudden loss of consciousness. Those who.

What happens if you press on the carotid artery

Where did such a name come from? It is in the area of \u200b\u200bthis bone, where the temples are located, that a person has the first gray hair, which indicates time and temporality in general. Thus, this name appeared.

It is not difficult to draw a definite connection between the name of the carotid artery and the property that this part of the human body has. If you think about what will happen if you press on the carotid artery, then the following thought appears: the person will fall asleep and the thought is quite correct. Indeed, if you pinch the large arteries that are located on the sides of the neck, then drowsiness will appear, and then consciousness will turn off.

What is the reason for this phenomenon? Main blood supply to the brain.

Common carotid artery; Right and left; Internal and external.

Attention! With a strong and prolonged mechanical effect on the carotid.

Speaking of where the carotid artery is located.

ARTIFICIALLY CAUSED HYPOXIA = VOLUNTARY CHANGING?!

ATTENTION, THE METHOD OF ARTIFICIALLY CAUSED HYPOXIA CAN BE DANGEROUS!

Recently, I have often been asked about artificially induced hypoxia, its effects and possibilities of application.

Manual for personal trainers: science and practice.

The easiest way to measure the pulse is to palpate it immediately after the cessation of physical activity (during certain exercises, for example, when running or walking, the pulse is difficult to determine, although this is possible).

Most often, the pulse is determined on the hand, since this place is most accessible. When you put your finger on the radial artery, the pulse does not drop, as it does when you touch it.

Look for the carotid artery primarily for determining the pulse. The pulse is central and peripheral. What people usually feel on the wrist is the peripheral pulse. If a person has low blood pressure, he may not be felt. That is why the information on some tonometers that are worn on the forearm is so distorted. And on the carotid and femoral arteries, the pulse is central. Using it, you will always determine the heartbeat more accurately.

It is difficult for a non-specialist to correctly find the carotid artery and pulse, because it is worse palpable than on the wrist, and even unskilled.

Symptoms

In addition to the obvious rupture accompanied by bleeding, a gradual excision of the artery is possible - the walls stretch, become weak and thin, and blood flow is disturbed. As a result, maybe.

Therefore, in order to understand where the carotid artery is located, it is necessary to understand these concepts.

Where is the carotid artery located?

Description:

Even in childhood, from detective books and action movies, we learned that there is such a carotid artery on a person’s neck, chopping it with his palm or squeezing it with a chokehold, the hero or villain “cuts out” his victim. At a more mature age, we learn to find and measure the pulse on this very artery. And closer to old age, we find that the carotid arteries are prone to serious diseases leading to a stroke. As you can see, there are more than enough reasons to get to know this important organ better.

Arteries are those vessels through which the heart pumps blood to all internal organs and tissues of the human body. This is their difference from the veins, which are channels for transporting blood in the opposite direction - to the heart. Since our brain constantly needs large amounts of oxygen, a lot of blood is supplied to it, which enters through two carotid and two vertebral arteries, and the main volume falls on the carotid arteries. Hence the effect, due to which and.

Functions and location of the carotid artery in humans

Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the organs. Their difference from veins is in the reverse process, that is, veins supply blood to the heart.

Determining the presence of a pulse in the neck is considered optimal in a critical situation. The fact is that not all people feel a pulsation on the wrist.

Where is the carotid artery located?

Do you know where the carotid artery is? This is worth knowing - after all, it is on it that the pulse is best felt, which can be useful to you in many situations.

The carotid artery, or as it is more correct to call it - the common carotid artery (arteria carotis communis), carries blood from the heart to the brain and peripheral organs of the human head. It is quite wide in diameter, since for the normal supply of nerve cells of the brain tissue with oxygen, the blood flow must be intense and stable. You may have noticed how uncomfortable it becomes if the tie is pulled too tight, or if the neck of the sweater is tightly wrapped around the neck - the discomfort is caused precisely by the fact that the carotid arteries are slightly compressed. If you pass them more strongly, as happens with suffocation, the person loses consciousness. From the outside, it looks like you suddenly fell asleep - hence the colloquial name arteria carotis communis.

Speaking about where the carotid artery is located, the first thing to be clarified is that a person has two of them: one passes on the left side of the neck, the other on the right. The first is longer than the second, since they originate in different places: at the brachiocephalic trunk and in the aortic arch, respectively. On both sides, a pulse is well felt on the throat of the carotid artery. Find a point under the cheekbone or in the hole on the side of the Adam's apple where the vein beats, and count the beats. In many people, the pulse is almost inaudible on the wrist, while it is almost always easy to detect in the throat. The exception is to find the pulse among the pumped neck muscles, you still need to get the hang of it.

Look for your carotid artery right now: this useful skill may someday allow you to save an injured person - by recognizing a heartbeat, you can confidently conclude that it is not too late for the unfortunate to help.

External carotid artery

At the level of the Adam's apple, the carotid artery bifurcates - one part of it goes back to carry oxygen to the brain, the other nourishes the eyes and face of a person with blood. In the head area, both parts branch, penetrating organs and tissues.

The external carotid artery consists of four sections: anterior, posterior, medial, and a group of terminal branches. The latter, pardon the tautology, branch out, thinning out. The most distant capillaries are very narrow in diameter - they form the thinnest mesh on the skin of the face, oral mucosa and in the eyeballs. For example, when you are embarrassed, these tiny blood vessels are intensely filled with blood, and your face turns red. The same happens with stress or an increase in ambient temperature.

internal carotid artery

The internal carotid artery is the posterior branch of the common carotid artery. Its function is the blood supply to the brain, and therefore in the temple area it enters the inside of the skull.

With the above external factors the blood flow in the internal carotid artery, which provides oxygen to the brain, also increases. If the impact is short-term, you feel an emotional upsurge, a surge of vivacity, but when the blood circulation intensity is higher than normal for a long time, the opposite effect occurs. Think of walking around the city in the summer heat or bath procedures: the longer you are in the heat, the worse you feel. This is due to the fact that the brain cells are oversaturated with oxygen. And an excess of something is no less harmful than a deficiency.

The internal carotid artery is a large blood highway, which is divided into several smaller ones, which in turn also branch and thin out. Each cell of the brain must be supplied with oxygen - just imagine the complexity and extent of this system ...

Caution - carotid artery!

Let's go back to what was already mentioned at the beginning of this article. With a slight clamping of the carotid artery, a person feels mild symptoms of oxygen starvation, with a more intense and prolonged one, he loses consciousness. If you continue to reap further, it leads to death. Therefore, taking the enemy by the throat, just fooling around or in a fight, is highly discouraged. In general, any attack on the throat is potentially fatal, this must be remembered. Special forces, for example, are taught to hit the carotid artery, thus knocking out the enemy with one blow. But if the reader is a civilian and generally law-abiding, you should not try to repeat this trick on the streets. Even for self-defense. At best, you just won't succeed. At worst, you will have to painfully think about what to do with the corpse and how much money to hire a lawyer for. There are more humane ways to protect yourself. You can read about them in my other article.

Teenagers are looking for bright emotions in the “dog buzz”

How did we know? A happy child comes and happily asks: “Mom, do you know what a “dog buzz” is? - Irina Stepanova, together with her daughter Lisa, decided to talk about this dangerous hobby of teenagers on the condition of anonymity, so their names have been changed. They sit across from each other, Lisa fiddling with the edge of her T-shirt and smiling shyly, glancing at her mother from time to time.

Hearing the question from the lips of her daughter, Irina immediately understood everything and felt the tension.

One of the plots of the “Battle of Psychics” program was devoted to the investigation of the death of a boy who first indulged in “dog buzz” with friends at school, and then decided to try it himself, being alone at home. Couldn't get the noose off in time. Suffocated. So my first thought was how bad it all could have ended...

Dear Northerner! When suffocating with clamping of the carotid arteries, a person falls asleep, strangles faster and more aesthetically than simply by blocking the transport of oxygen. There it is longer and a person comes out with foam, in general, an unpleasant sight. Choked himself and choked me. When they strangle you, you try to resist until a certain moment, then you lose consciousness imperceptibly, so the thing is insidious. It usually takes a few seconds in time, but sometimes they do it as if with a blow and then it can happen almost instantly, I also saw an instant strangulation with brushes performed by a person whose hands are very strong.

Dear Big Brother! Hi Leha. Sorry I'll add.

External carotid artery

The external carotid artery is the anterior part of the common carotid artery. Above the larynx, it branches along the front of the head.

Under both mechanisms, the victim may experience fleeting hallucinations or dreams, and regain consciousness with short-term memory loss and involuntary movements of the arms and/or legs. The normal state is usually set within a few seconds, but these activities can cause permanent brain injury or even death, especially if played alone with the garrote.

shock, a reflex response of the body to compression of the carotid sinus receptors.

Rush of blood to the head due to disturbance of blood pressure in the carotid artery and jugular vein.

yeah, they are burning on the neck, norms advice 😀

Strangulations from the position of the side grab by the neck

Strangleholds from a side grip on the neck are similar to strangleholds from a position on horseback. Strangulation is performed with the edge of the palm, forearm, or knuckles.

To facilitate strangulation and eliminate the resistance of the enemy, it makes sense to grab the opponent’s free hand with your legs and then calmly strangle him.

Strangulation from the back of the opponent

In both positions, when grabbing the opponent’s neck with his hands from the side of his back, it is usually very easy to end the fight with one of two chokes: forearm choke with a palm-to-palm grip (top photo); and a bend-elbow choke with a knot hold (bottom photo).

In this case, the mutual position of the opponents is not important, i.e. any of these grips can be done from either of these two positions.

In both positions, you can do the sleeve choke already described above.

Attention! As usual, the sleeve choke is very harsh and should be applied carefully.

Guillotine chokehold

Extremely unpleasant and strong strangulation occurs when the enemy is captured on the guillotine. In this grip, it is necessary, as it were, to stretch the enemy’s neck towards you, pushing his body away with your legs and holding his head under your armpit.

Here, as they say, comments are superfluous, but I would like to ask: what resuscitation means should a person have if, God forbid, he decides to conduct this reception? And if there is no such EXPERIENCED NEUROLOGIST nearby? What to do in cases where there is a neurologist, but he is not competent in vascular pathology brain?

Personally, I resolutely refuse such an impact on the vessels of a sick (!) Person.

The above diagram shows this formidable danger, which doctors warn about - occlusion of the internal carotid artery at the site of bifurcation (bifurcation).

You can see what Doppler researchers see - vascular plaque formation on the internal carotid artery, reducing the lumen of the vessel.

However, the doctors kept silent not only about this, but also about some other things that they themselves should have known about, and point to them in their article. For example, the so-called hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome. Pressing on this sinus can cause negative symptoms similar to those described in the article.

There are also a number of reasons that cause vertebrobasilar insufficiency:

The defeat of the vertebral artery from its pathological tortuosity or from deformation as a result of atherosclerotic lesions of the arterial walls.

Dissection of the walls of the vertebral artery as a result of a neck injury and even from rough medical manipulations during manual therapy.

Anomalies in the cervical spine, in the form of an additional cervical rib.

Impact 1) – death or injury incompatible with life.

I wish you new creative success.

Severyanin's question concerned, of course, the 4th structure, plexus caroticus, which is located in Hering's zone

Dear Nemir! The impact occurs due to reflex spasm and both arteries l and n with a sharp right blow. And St. cl. mfstoideys. very securely covers the carotid. When I was at the ODH, guys from the VOKU named after V.I. Kirov. Leningrad with bruises on his neck, but I don’t remember that I could turn off someone with a blow in a fight. In training, personally, yes duck, it's two minutes. aim and then try with consent. THOSE. there is a reflex spasm, but how to get there.

Where is the carotid artery located and what functions does it perform

The carotid artery (arteria carotis communis) is a large paired vessel whose main function is to supply blood to most of the head, brain, and eyes.

There are several definitions:

Common carotid artery;
Right and left;
Internal and external.

Carotid artery: why is it called that?

Attention! With a strong and prolonged mechanical effect on the carotid artery, consciousness can be turned off and even death. Do not try, for the sake of idle curiosity, to check what will happen if you press on the carotid artery. Carelessness can lead to irreversible consequences!

But still, everyone should know the location of the carotid artery: this may be needed to help the victim.

How to find the carotid artery?

Most often, the pulse is measured by the hand. But if the artery of the injured person is weakly palpable, then the heart rate is measured along the carotid artery in the neck.

From which side to measure?

It is better to do this with the right hand on the right side. When measuring the pulse of the left, you can clamp two arteries at once, and then the result will be unreliable.

Lay the patient down or sit on a chair and let him lean on the back.
To determine where the carotid artery is located, place the middle and index fingers of the hand (they are the most sensitive to pulsation) in the cavity between the larynx and the anterolateral muscle.
To determine the pulse, place your fingers under the lower jaw between the chin and earlobe and go down 2 cm. The pulsation can be felt in the hole near the windpipe. Control the force of impact, do not push hard.
When you hear your heartbeat, start measuring your heart rate using the stopwatch or the second hand on your watch. Normal values should be stacked in beats per minute.

Carotid arteries: location and function

The common carotid or carotid artery is an artery that has two identical vessels:

On the right side (originates from the brachiocephalic trunk):
On the left side (from the aortic arch).

Both vessels have the same anatomical structure and go vertically up through the chest to the neck.

Above the upper edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, located near the trachea and esophagus, each vessel divides into the internal and external carotid arteries (the point of separation is called the bifurcation).

After branching, the internal artery forms an extension (carotid sinus), covered with multiple nerve endings and which is the most important reflex zone. Massage of this area is recommended for patients with hypertension as a method of self-lowering blood pressure during crises.

What is the outer branch responsible for?

The key function of the external branch is to provide reversed blood flow in order to help the vertebral branch and branches of the internal carotid artery in their narrowing.

Which organs supply the external branches with blood?

Facial muscles;
scalp;
Roots of teeth;
eyeballs;
Separate sections of the dura mater;
Thyroid.

Where does the internal branch of the carotid artery pass?

The internal branch enters the skull through a hole in the temporal bone with a diameter of 10 mm (intracranial location), forming at the base of the brain, together with the vertebral vessels, the circle of Willis - the main source of cerebral blood supply. From it, deep into the convolutions, the arteries depart to the side cortical centers, gray and white matter, nuclei of the medulla oblongata.

Segments of the internal carotid artery:

The cervical region, located in the deep layers under the muscles;
The segment located inside the so-called. "torn" hole;
The stony part located inside the bone canal;
Cavernous area located between the leaves of the dura mater along the cavernous sinus and forming branches in the direction of the membranes and the pituitary gland;
The sphenoid part is a small area of the subarachnoid space of the brain;
The communicative segment, located at the branching point of the anterior and middle arteries heading to the medulla;
Ophthalmic or ocular area - runs parallel optic nerve forms the ophthalmic and pituitary arteries.

External branch of the carotid artery: diseases, symptoms

Unlike the internal carotid artery, the external carotid does not supply blood directly to the brain.

However, a violation of its normal operation can cause a number of pathologies, the treatment of which is carried out by surgical methods from the field of plastic, otolaryngological, maxillofacial and neurosurgery:

Facial and cervical hemangiomas;
Arteriovenous fistulas;
Angiodysplasia (vascular malformations).

These diseases can be the result of:

Facial trauma;
Transferred rhinoplasty and otolaryngological operations;
Unsuccessful procedures performed: extraction of teeth, punctures, washing of the sinuses, injections into the orbit;
Hypertension.

The pathophysiological manifestation of this pathology is an arteriovenous shunt, through the drainage pathways of which arterial blood with high pressure is directed to the head. Such anomalies are considered as one of the causes of cerebral venous congestion.

According to various sources, angiodysplasias range from 5 to 14% of the total number vascular diseases. These are benign formations (proliferation of epithelial cells), about 70% of which are localized in the face area.

cosmetic defects;
Profuse hemorrhages, poorly amenable to standard methods of stopping bleeding;
Throbbing pains in the head (mainly at night).

Severe bleeding during surgery can be fatal.

Possible pathologies of the carotid artery and the internal trunk

Such common diseases as tuberculosis, atherosclerosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, syphilis can lead to pathological changes in the carotid artery that occur against the background of:

Inflammatory processes;
Growth of the inner shell;
Dissections in young patients (rupture of the internal arterial membrane with blood penetrating into the space between the walls).

The result of dissection can be stenosis (narrowing) of the diameter of the artery, in which oxygen starvation of the brain occurs, tissue hypoxia develops. This condition can lead to ischemic stroke.

Other types of pathological changes caused by narrowing of the carotid artery:

trifurcation;
Aneurysm;
Abnormal tortuosity of the internal carotid artery;
Thrombosis.

Trifurcation is the term for the splitting of an artery into three branches.

Anterior - division of the internal common carotid artery into anterior, basilar, posterior;
Posterior - connection of a branch of three cerebral arteries (posterior, middle, anterior).

Carotid aneurysm: what is it and what are the consequences

An aneurysm is an expansion of a section of an artery with local thinning of the wall. This disease can be congenital, or it can develop after prolonged inflammation, muscle atrophy and their replacement with thinned tissue. Concentrates in the area of intracranial segments of the internal carotid artery. A dangerous pathology that develops asymptomatically and can cause instant death.

Rupture of a thinned wall can occur if:

Neck and head injuries;
Physical or emotional overstrain;
A sharp increase in blood pressure.

The accumulation of excess blood in the subarachnoid space can cause tissue compression and swelling of the brain. In this case, the survival of the patient depends on the size of the hematoma and the promptness of medical care.

carotid thrombosis

Thrombosis is one of the most common causes of cerebrovascular accident. It is worth dwelling on this disease, symptoms and methods of treatment in more detail.

Thrombi are formed mostly inside the carotid artery at the bifurcation site - the fork of the external and internal branches. It is in this area that the blood moves more slowly, which creates conditions for the deposition of platelets on the walls of blood vessels, their gluing, and the appearance of fibrin threads.

The formation of blood clots provokes:

High blood clotting;
antiphospholipid syndrome;
Atrial fibrillation;
Heart defects;
Traumatic brain injury.

The clinical manifestations of thrombosis depend on:

The size of the thrombus and the rate of its formation;
Conditions of collaterals.

In its course, carotid thrombosis can be:

Separately, the rapid (progredient) course of the disease is considered with a thrombus growing in length and penetrating into the anterior and middle arteries of the brain.

Thrombosis at the level of the common trunk is characterized by the following symptoms:

Complaints about tinnitus;
short-term loss of consciousness;
Complaints about severe pain in the head and neck;
Weakness of chewing muscles;
Visual disturbances.

Insufficient blood supply to the eyes can cause:

cataract;
Atrophy of the optic nerve;
temporary blindness;
Decreased visual acuity during physical exertion;
The presence of pigment in the retina with concomitant atrophy.

With thrombosis of the internal carotid artery in the area before entering the skull, patients experience:

Severe headaches;
Loss of sensation in the legs and arms;
Soreness of the scalp in the affected area;
hallucinations, irritability;
Problems with speech up to dumbness (with a left-sided lesion).

Symptoms of thrombosis of the intracranial section of the carotid artery:

Disorders of consciousness, a state of excessive excitement;
Headache;
Vomit;
Loss of sensation and immobilization of half of the body on the affected side.

Methods for diagnosing carotid thrombosis

Based on the patient's complaints, the doctor can only assume the presence of a blood clot, but results are required to make a final diagnosis. instrumental research, like so:

electroencephalography;
Rheoencephalography;
UZDG (ultrasound examination of the vessels of the head and neck according to Doppler);
MR angiography (magnetic resonance angiography), including with the introduction of a contrast agent;
CT (computed tomography).

Treatment Methods

Therapeutic methods for the treatment of thrombosis are effective only at the initial stages of their development, with small aneurysms.

Preparations of the anticoagulant group - Fibrinolysin, Gepardin, Dicoumarin, Sinkumar, Fenilin;
Thrombolytics - Fibronylosin, Plasmin, Urokinase, Streptodecaza (effective only at the first stage).

To expand the channel and relieve spasm, novocaine blockade of sympathetic nodes or their removal is used.

Methods of surgical treatment of pathologies of the carotid artery

Excision of the arteriovenous shunt. At surgical treatment thrombosis of the external carotid artery, this technology is ineffective, since it is fraught with serious complications.
The method of carotid stenting is the restoration of vascular patency by deploying a stent (thin metal mesh). The most common, well-established technique.
Removal of a thrombosed or tortuous area and its replacement with a plastic material. The operation is associated with a risk of bleeding, a high probability of recurrence in the future (re-formation of a blood clot). For these reasons, the technique has not been widely adopted.
Creation of a new pathway for blood flow through an artificial shunt between the internal carotid and subclavian arteries.

Operations on the carotid artery are carried out in specialized surgical departments. The choice of method is determined by the attending physician, taking into account the condition, age, degree of damage to the carotid artery, damage to the patient's brain.

They sit across from each other, Lisa fiddling with the edge of her T-shirt and smiling shyly, glancing at her mother from time to time.

Hearing the question from the lips of her daughter, Irina immediately understood everything and felt the tension.

Dear Big Brother! Hi Leha. Sorry I'll add.

External carotid artery

The external carotid artery is the anterior part of the common carotid artery. Above the larynx, it branches along the front of the head.

shock, a reflex response of the body to compression of the carotid sinus receptors.

Rush of blood to the head due to disturbance of blood pressure in the carotid artery and jugular vein.

yeah, they are burning on the neck, norms advice 😀

Strangulations from the position of the side grab by the neck

Strangleholds from a side grip on the neck are similar to strangleholds from a position on horseback. Strangulation is performed with the edge of the palm, forearm, or knuckles.

To facilitate strangulation and eliminate the resistance of the enemy, it makes sense to grab the opponent’s free hand with your legs and then calmly strangle him.

Strangulation from the back of the opponent

In this case, the mutual position of the opponents is not important, i.e. any of these grips can be done from either of these two positions.

In both positions, you can do the sleeve choke already described above.

Attention! As usual, the sleeve choke is very harsh and should be applied carefully.

Guillotine chokehold

Personally, I resolutely refuse such an impact on the vessels of a sick (!) Person.

The above diagram shows this formidable danger, which doctors warn about - occlusion of the internal carotid artery at the site of bifurcation (bifurcation).

You can see what Doppler researchers see - vascular plaque formation on the internal carotid artery, reducing the lumen of the vessel.

There are also a number of reasons that cause vertebrobasilar insufficiency:

The defeat of the vertebral artery from its pathological tortuosity or from deformation as a result of atherosclerotic lesions of the arterial walls.

Dissection of the walls of the vertebral artery as a result of a neck injury and even from rough medical manipulations during manual therapy.

Anomalies in the cervical spine, in the form of an additional cervical rib.

Impact 1) – death or injury incompatible with life.

I wish you new creative success.

Severyanin's question concerned, of course, the 4th structure, plexus caroticus, which is located in Hering's zone

Asphyxia Games - Wikipedia.

Games with asphyxia (suffocation) - a deliberate blocking of oxygen access to the brain in order to cause a short-term fainting and a state of euphoria. There are two different method used to achieve hypoxia (oxygen starvation): strangulation (suffocation) and self-induced hypocapnia (lack of carbon dioxide in the blood), often they can be combined. This dangerous game is found among children and adolescents; have been doing it since at least the beginning of the 20th century. Unlike sexual asphyxia, the goal of choking play is not to be sexually aroused.

triangle under the lower jaw (it is separated by the digastric muscle of the jaw)

main carotid triangle

subordinate carotid (muscular) triangle.

from lack of oxygen to the brain when squeezing one or both carotid arteries and air duct) All together

There is also a small artery in the spinal column. It is really difficult to pass all the arteries with the elbow.

Brachycardia and hypotension are sometimes observed, sometimes tachycardia and hypertension. It all depends on the sensitivity of the carotid sinus and the point of application of pressure.

The volume of blood flowing to the brain decreases, but after the cessation of strangulation, it is restored in an average of 5 seconds.

The peripheral circulatory system also reacts: the expansion of blood vessels in the muscles and the contraction of blood vessels in the skin. During shock and loss of consciousness, along with vasodilation, brachycardia and hypotension are also observed.

Suffocation causes stress by affecting the fluid exchange systems, the pituitary gland, causing the release of adrenaline:

The albumin/globulin ratio remains unchanged.

The content of eosinophils temporarily increases. After suffocation is stopped, their number decreases to normal in about 4 hours.

17-ketosteroids in the urine: within 2 hours after asphyxiation, their number increases, and then decreases to normal levels over 6-8 hours.

conclusions

The picture is colorful! In fact, this is what happens. This speaks of only one thing - the manifestation of a state of shock into which the brain plunges due to hypoxia.

Please note that this happens to the vast majority of those experimented (I use the terminology of the authors of the article)!

The blanching of the skin and the dilation of the pupils, which the authors indicate, once again confirm the presence of a collision of two processes: inhibition and excitation, which are so characteristic of stress. I didn't add anything "on my own" here. This is a classic of neurology, which is impossible not to know.

There is nothing surprising in the occurrence of a transient (quickly passing) reaction of the vessels and the brain itself to stress. However, the reader, probably, drew attention to the fact that each patient underwent preparatory measures in the form of "manual processing", and medications were used to reduce blood pressure. The authors point to small dosages of the drugs they prescribe, forgetting that it is precisely such small doses that often have a stronger effect than the standard ones.