Aminocaproic acid (Aminocaproic acid). Aminocaproic acid: instructions for use Alpha aminocaproic acid structural formula

Aminocaproic acid refers to hemostatic drugs. It is considered an inhibitor of fibrinolysis, as well as the transition of plasminogen to plasmin. It is included in preparations for both parenteral administration and topical use.

Pharmacological action of aminocaproic acid

Hemostatic agent Aminocaproic acid is an inhibitor of fibrinolysis. This substance is able to block the action of plasminogen activators, as a result of which plasmin activity is inhibited, kinins are partially suppressed.

In addition, aminocaproic acid has antiallergic activity, but to a small extent, and also slightly enhances liver function, in particular, increases its antitoxic effect.

Aminocaproic acid is rapidly absorbed, the maximum plasma concentration occurs after about two hours. The hemostatic agent quickly enough leaves the body, mainly excreted unchanged in the urine.

Indications of aminocaproic acid for use

This hemostatic agent is indicated for use to stop existing bleeding that may occur during surgical interventions, as well as with various pathological conditions, which are often accompanied by an increase in fibrinolytic activity, for example, during operations on the lungs, on the thyroid, prostate, and also the pancreas.

In addition to these conditions, aminocaproic acid is used prophylactically in blood transfusions to prevent the occurrence of secondary hyperfibrinogenemia, which can occur with massive transfusions.

Contraindications of aminocaproic acid for use

Among the contraindications of the drug Aminocaproic acid (solution), instructions for use notes the patient's tendency to thrombosis and embolic manifestations. Do not use this hemostatic drug for severe renal impairment, as well as for hypersensitivity to aminocaproic acid.

Aminocaproic acid application and dosage

Adult patients are usually prescribed from 5 to 30 g / day up to six times a day, this, as regards internal use. Aminocaproic acid for infusion is administered intravenously at five grams directly in the first hour of treatment, and then at a gram every 60 minutes. The maximum daily dosage of Aminocaproic acid should not exceed 30 grams.

Dosages in pediatric practice will be as follows: intravenous infusion is carried out at the rate of 100 mg / kg in the first hour, and then 33 mg / kg per hour. The maximum dose should not exceed 18 g/m2.

It is worth saying that Aminocaproic acid is practically not used to prevent excessive blood loss during labor, this is due to the fact that a hemostatic drug can cause the development of some rather severe thromboembolic complications.

What are the side effects of aminocaproic acid?

Treatment with aminocaproic acid may lead to the development of some side effects which will be manifested by many systems and organs, I will dwell on this in more detail.

For example, from the side of cardio-vascular system: the patient may notice the occurrence of interruptions in the region of the heart, that is, arrhythmia joins, in addition, it decreases arterial pressure, and also joins the decrease in heart rate, the so-called bradycardia.

From the side digestive system: there may be dyspeptic side effects, which are usually expressed in the appearance of nausea, sometimes developing into vomiting, in addition, it also suffers motor function large intestine, which is expressed in increased peristaltic movements, accompanied by diarrhea.

In addition to the listed conditions, the patient may also notice other side effects, for example, catarrhal phenomena occur in the upper sections. respiratory tract, as well as a slight dizziness.

If the side effects, in response to the use of aminocaproic acid, are pronounced and complicate the patient's condition, then it will be necessary to cancel the use of such medicines.

special instructions

With caution, aminocaproic acid is prescribed to the category of patients with a history of recent disorders. cerebral circulation. It is not recommended to administer this hemostatic agent in the presence of hematuria, as this can cause the development of acute renal failure, which will require immediate medical correction.

It is worth recalling that the use of this remedy is contraindicated in severe renal dysfunction.

Preparations containing Aminocaproic acid (analogues)

Aminocaproic acid is present in dosage form in the form of a powder substance, packaged in special jars or in packages, and a solution of aminocaproic acid is also produced for infusion.

In addition, there is a tool Polycapran, which also includes Aminocaproic acid. There is also the drug Polygemostat, which is intended for external use in the form of a powder.

Conclusion

Before you start using medicines, in which there is Aminocaproic acid, it is recommended to start treatment with them, it is recommended to consult with a qualified specialist! Only after its approval, you can start using such medications.

Aminocaproic acid is known to be enough effective means to stop bleeding. However, in childhood such a medication can be used in another way, for example, to be buried in the nose. Is it possible to treat young children with Aminocaproic acid, what are the indications for the use of such a drug in childhood, and how to wash the nose with Aminocaproic acid and how to inhale with such a drug?

Release form

Aminocaproic acid is produced in the form of:

• Powder or granules. Such aminocaproic acid is distinguished by its white color and the absence of both taste and smell. It easily dissolves in water, forming a solution of a given concentration.
• 5% solution. It is packaged in bottles with a capacity of 100 ml and 250 ml, as well as in plastic bags or containers with a volume of 100 to 1000 ml. Each milliliter of this clear, colorless liquid contains 50 mg active substance.

Compound

The main component of the drug is aminocaproic acid. In addition to it, only sterile water, as well as sodium chloride, is present in the solution.

Operating principle

Once in the patient's body, aminocaproic acid affects the blood coagulation process. In particular, it affects the formation of fibrinolysin, inhibiting the activators responsible for this process. It is this effect of the drug that determines its hemostatic effect.

In addition, the drug makes the capillaries less permeable and has an activating effect on platelets. Aminocaproic acid also has positive influence on the work of the liver to neutralize toxins.

Watch a video that talks about the properties of aminocaproic acid and chlorhexidine:

When instilled into the nasal passages Aminocaproic acid:

• Reduces the production of pathological secretions in the common cold.
• Helps reduce swelling of the mucosa.
• Reduces the inflammatory process.
• Strengthens the vessels in the nose.
• It has some antiviral and antiallergic effect.

If aminocaproic acid is taken orally, the drug is well absorbed and after 1-2 hours its concentration in plasma will be maximum. After intravenous administration The effect of the drug appears after 15-20 minutes.

The kidneys are mainly involved in the excretion of the drug from the body, therefore, the reduced function of this organ leads to a slowdown in excretion and a sharp increase in the amount of aminocaproic acid in the bloodstream.

Indications

Since aminocaproic acid is a hemostatic drug, then most frequent indication to its use are bleeding. The drug can be prescribed for bleeding that has already begun, and in order to prevent it. Such a drug is especially in demand in surgery, if a stomach operation is planned or performed, thyroid gland, lungs and other organs in which there are many activators of fibrinolysis. Aminocaproic acid is also prescribed to patients who have received a large volume of blood transfusion.

• With SARS, a symptom of which is rhinitis.
• With allergic rhinitis.
• With bleeding from the vessels of the nose.
• With sinusitis.
• At the initial stage of adenoids.
• To prevent viral infections during flu and cold season.

At what age is it allowed to take?

Treatment of children with aminocaproic acid is possible from birth, however, the appointment of this medicine for babies of the first year of life should be carried out by a pediatrician.

Without consulting a doctor and individually determining the required dosage, it is unacceptable to use Aminocaproic acid for children under one year of age.

Contraindications

Instructions for use prohibits or restricts treatment with Aminocaproic acid if:

• There are problems with blood circulation, in which blood clots appear or emboli are detected.
• Renal failure was found.
• Seriously impaired liver function.
• Medication intolerance has been identified.
• Tests showed blood in the urine.
• The patient has a serious heart condition.
• Diagnosed with circulatory disorders in the brain.
• Reduced blood pressure.

Side effects

The drug is quickly eliminated from the body, and its toxic effect at the correct dosage is minimal, however, in some patients, treatment with Aminocaproic acid leads to:

• Skin rashes.
• Acute renal failure.
• The appearance of vomiting, nausea or loose stools.
• Headaches.
• Nasal congestion.
• Decrease in blood pressure.
• Vertigo.
• Destruction of muscle tissue.
• orthostatic hypotension.
• Convulsions.
• Subendocardial hemorrhage.

If such symptoms appear, for example, with vomiting or a skin rash, the dosage of Aminocaproic acid is reduced or treatment with this drug is refused. If, when instilling a nose, the medicine accidentally gets into the eye, you should immediately rinse the mucous membrane and, if the child has complaints from the side of vision, contact an ophthalmologist.

Instructions for use

Methods of administration

Aminocaproic acid can be used:

• For intravenous injections. This method is most in demand for acute bleeding, as well as during surgical treatment.
• For oral administration. Such use of the drug is indicated not only for bleeding, but also for rotovirus.
• For instillation into the nose. Both a ready-made solution and powdered or granular aminocaproic acid mixed with unsweetened water are used (a 5% solution is also prepared from this form of the drug).
• For inhalation. The procedures are carried out with a nebulizer for adenoids, for coughing, as well as for a long runny nose or sinusitis.
• For washing the nose. This manipulation is sometimes prescribed to remove yellow or green thick nasal discharge. In this case, the washing must be carried out by a doctor, since an incorrect procedure can cause increased swelling and irritation of the mucosa.

Dosage

• For the treatment of the common cold one or two drops of liquid aminocaproic acid should be injected into each of the child's nasal passages, unless the doctor has recommended a different dosage. Instillation is repeated every 3 hours, and treatment lasts from three to 7 days.
• To prevent SARS during the epidemic season, two or three drops of aminocaproic acid in liquid form can be injected into the child's nostrils up to 5 times a day.
• For one inhalation take a solution of aminocaproic acid in a volume of 2 ml, mixing with the same amount of sodium chloride solution. The frequency of the procedure is twice a day for 5-10 minutes, and the average duration of therapy is 4 days.
• Into a vein Aminocaproic acid is administered by drip, mixing the drug with saline before infusion. The daily dosage for babies up to a year is 3 grams active substance, at the age of 2 to 6 years - from 3 to 6 grams of aminocaproic acid, at 7 years and older - from 6 to 9 grams active component. If blood loss is acute, the dosage is doubled. Treatment is continued from three to 14 days, depending on the pathology.
• Inside the drug is given to drink at a dosage of 100 mg per 1 kg of the child's weight, and then every hour until the moment when the bleeding stops at a dose of 33 mg of aminocaproic acid per kilogram of the patient's body weight.

Overdose

If the allowable dose of aminocaproic acid is exceeded, this will lead to increased adverse reactions and also to the formation of blood clots. Prolonged use of such a drug in a high dose provokes hemorrhages.

Interaction with other drugs

With simultaneous appointment with antiplatelet agents or any anticoagulants, the effect of Aminocaproic acid is reduced.

Terms of sale

The medicine is sold by prescription. The price of one bottle with 100 ml of aminocaproic acid is an average of 50-60 rubles.

Storage conditions and shelf life

• 1 ml 5% solution for infusion drugs Aminocaproic acid contains 50 mg of the active substance called ε(epsilon)-aminocaproic acid. Additional substances: water, sodium chloride.
• 1 gram aminocaproic acid drug powder contains 1 gram of the active substance called ε(epsilon)-aminocaproic acid .

Release form

Clear liquid without color:

• 100 ml of liquid in a bottle; 1, 10, 15, 24, 28, 30, 35, 48 or 36 bottles in a carton.
• 200 ml of liquid in a bottle; 1 or 28 bottles in a carton.
• 250 ml, 100 ml, 500 ml or 1000 ml of liquid in a polymer container; one container in a plastic bag.
• 100 ml of liquid in a polymer container; 50 or 75 containers in a plastic bag.
• 250 ml of liquid in a polymer container; 24 or 36 containers in a plastic bag.
• 500 ml of liquid in a polymer container; 12 or 18 containers in a plastic bag.
• 1000 ml of liquid in a polymer container; 6 or 9 containers in a plastic bag.

Odorless white powder:

• 1 gram of powder in a bag, ten bags in a cardboard box.

pharmachologic effect

hemostatic action.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Pharmacodynamics

Hemostatic drug, fibrinolysis blocker .

The chemical formula is H2N(CH2)5COOH.

Blocks the effects of activators plasminogen , suppresses the action plasmin , does not completely inhibit kinins . It has anti-allergic activity and slightly enhances the anti-toxic function of the liver.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, it is actively absorbed from the digestive tract. The highest concentration is reached after two hours. Rapidly excreted in the urine, mostly unchanged. The half-life is approximately 2 hours.

Indications for use

The use of the drug is justified in the following conditions and situations:

• prevention of bleeding during interventions on the liver, pancreas, lungs;
• prevention and treatment menorrhagia and bleeding from internal organs, mucous membranes, erosions of the stomach and intestines, as well as during menstruation;
• hyperfibrinolysis various genesis, including those associated with the use thrombolytic drugs and transfusion of canned blood products in large volumes;
• treatment and prevention and;
• for the symptomatic treatment of bleeding caused by thrombocytopenia and inferiority of function.

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.
• Hematuria.
• Hypercoagulation, coagulopathy due to diffusion intravascular disseminated coagulation , predisposition to or thromboembolic diseases .
• Kidney disease with impaired excretory function.
• Cerebral circulation disorders.
• or .

It is recommended to use the drug with caution in valvular heart disease, arterial hypotension, hematuria, cryptogenic bleeding from the upper urinary tract, liver failure, chronic insufficiency kidney function, less than a year old.

Side effects

Intranasal instillation of aminocaproic acid up to four times a day is advisable to carry out during the epidemic period for prevention.

The duration of therapy depends on the severity of the disease and is determined individually by the doctor.

Overdose

Signs of overdose: increased adverse events, the appearance blood clots . With prolonged use (over 6 days) of large doses (from 24 grams per day for adults), the development of hemorrhage .

Overdose treatment: drug withdrawal, symptomatic therapy.

Interaction

The drug can be combined with the use glucose solutions, hydrolysates, anti-shock solutions.

Other drugs should not be added to the solution of the drug.

Terms of sale

Without recipe.

Storage conditions

Store in a dark dry place at a temperature of 2-25°C. Keep away from children.

Best before date

special instructions

When using the drug, it is recommended to measure the indicators of fibrinolytic activity and the content fibrinogen in blood. With intravenous administration, it is recommended to carry out, especially after, with coronary disease and liver diseases.

Analogues

Polycapran.

children

The use of the drug is allowed for children for inhalation, instillation, oral and intravenous administration in the above dosages.

During pregnancy and lactation

The drug is prohibited for use in pregnant and lactating women, as well as during childbirth.

Aminocaproic acid in the nose of children is prescribed with enviable regularity. But many parents are baffled by its main pharmachologic effect- hemostatic.

Why would a child be prescribed a hemostatic agent in the form of an intravenous solution, especially if he does not have nosebleeds? Are there strong indications for its use in various ENT pathologies?

What is aminocaproic acid: indications for use

Nevertheless, it is often prescribed by doctors of the old school for ENT pathologies. In such cases, it is used to:

• elimination of swelling of the mucous membrane and a feeling of nasal congestion;
• reducing the amount of mucus produced;
• decrease in severity inflammatory process, in particular, with rhinitis of allergic origin;
• stop nosebleeds.

Since ACC is a compound close to human body, in many cases it is even prescribed to prevent the development of complications in mild forms of rhinitis.

But such a preventive measure is indicated only if the child has a tendency to nosebleeds or diseases accompanied by increased capillary fragility.

Thus, the medicine is indicated for:

• rhinitis of any etiology,;
• all types of sinusitis;
• adenoiditis;
• nosebleeds;
• influenza and acute respiratory infections.

Also, aminocaproic acid is often instilled into the child's nose during the so-called cold season.

This is due to the fact that ACC topical application it is quite safe and rarely causes the development of undesirable consequences and side effects.

Despite its high efficiency, in the treatment of various diseases, even moderate it should not be used alone. The drug has a maximum effect only as part of complex therapy.

How does the drug work? What is included

ACC is present in the domestic pharmaceutical market in two forms:

• powder for oral administration;
• solution for infusion.

Each of them has its own indications for use and composition. But for the treatment of diseases of the upper respiratory tract in children, the last form of release is mainly used - a solution.


It consists exclusively of 5% aminocaproic acid, and saline and water for injection are used as solvents.

It is packaged in bottles of different sizes. But more often there are bottles of 100 and 250 ml.

But there are its analogues on the market in such a dosage form: Tranexam, Tugin, Trenax, etc.

Such an extensive list of indications for the use of ACC is due to the large number pharmacological properties drug. It provides:

1. hemostatic effect, since it is one of the components of the blood coagulation system;
2. antiallergic action, since it plays an important role in the reactions of the immune system;
3. anti-edematous effect, which is explained by blocking the development of allergic reactions;
4. antiviral action, due to binding to cell components and preventing the ability of viruses to produce substances necessary for their vital activity.

It also reduces the permeability of the walls of blood vessels. But this can not always be considered the dignity of the drug, since sometimes this effect can do a disservice.
Source: website For example, if there is a need for an urgent introduction certain medicine, its absorption will be somewhat slowed down as a result of maintaining the effect of ACC.

But such a risk in pathologies of ENT organs is minimal. The only thing that parents can note when using it to treat children is a slightly slower onset of effect when using topical corticosteroids, which is incomparable with positive impact drugs on the strength of the vessels of the mucous membrane.

Thus, the action of aminocaproic acid on the nasal mucosa is complex.

And although her application, she is not among the vasoconstrictor drugs. Therefore, addiction does not develop to it, which allows the use of the medication for an almost unlimited time until complete recovery.

Contraindications and side effects

Despite all the apparent safety of aminocaproic acid, it should not be used for:

• individual intolerance;
• diseases and conditions accompanied by increased blood clotting, including thrombophilia and thrombosis;
• serious pathologies of the kidneys;
• circulatory disorders, in particular, in the syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Most of the contraindications relate to the drug in forms intended exclusively for oral administration or with direct infusion of a sterile solution intravenously.

In the treatment of diseases of the ENT organs, it is not necessary to drink ACC, therefore the only significant contraindication to its use is the presence of hypersensitivity (allergy) to it.

You can suspect something is wrong by the appearance of discomfort, manifested by itching, burning sensation, increased swelling. In such situations, you should immediately or warm boiled water, if the latter was not at home.

Instructions for use in the nose of aminocaproic acid

This drug can be used in different ways, depending on the type of existing violation. Instructions for use recommends using it in the form of:

• drops in the nose with a cold;
• turundas, impregnated with the agent, with bleeding;
• inhalation with adenoiditis.

The acid solution used for instillation into the nose must have a human body temperature or at least room temperature so as not to provoke vasospasm.

Therefore, after taking the liquid from the vial into the syringe, it should be held in a tightly clenched hand for several minutes.

The drug has no age restrictions, so it can be taken by both adults and children, including infants.

It is also not contraindicated for local use by pregnant and lactating women, but patients of these categories can use the remedy only after prior consultation with a doctor.

Aminocaproic acid for a cold

The drug is great for colds. Its regular use not only helps to normalize nasal breathing by eliminating puffiness, but also to reduce the amount of snot.

But its action is not as fast as that of vasoconstrictors. It is more cumulative, but at the same time more persistent.

ACC is rarely used for acute respiratory viral infections, especially in mild forms, more often it is used for severe bacterial infections, accompanied by a prolonged runny nose.

ACC can be safely used in combination with any other medicines used in the treatment of ENT diseases, including antibiotics, corticosteroids, vasoconstrictors, etc.

Aminocaproic acid nose drops: how to drip a child?

The method of using the medicine is simple. The solution for infusion is drawn into a syringe, piercing a rubber stopper with a needle, and, after removing the needle, instill 1-2 drops into each nostril for a child under 12 years old every 5-6 hours.

Is it possible to drip into the nose of children of the first year of life? Yes, but only if prescribed by a pediatrician.

If we talk about how to bury ACC in the nose of a baby, then you should put the baby on his back and drop 1 drop into each nostril. Manipulation is repeated up to 3 times a day.


As a rule, the course of treatment is designed for 5-7 days. But in severe cases, on the recommendation of a doctor, it can be continued.

Attention

If during the instillation of the solution it accidentally gets into the eye, rinse the eye with plenty of water.

If you experience any visual impairment, you should immediately contact an ophthalmologist!

Inhalations with aminocaproic acid for a child

The drug is widely used for inhalation. They are carried out only with the help of a nebulizer, the use of steam inhalers or any home appliances is unacceptable in this case.

The recipe for how to dilute a solution for a nebulizer is quite simple: 2 ml of a solution for intravenous administration is diluted with 2 ml of saline and placed in a special container of the device.

It is important not to completely open the drug vials, but to draw the required amount of liquid with a syringe by piercing the rubber stopper with its needle.

The duration of one procedure is 5 minutes, for children one session of inhalation therapy per day is enough. As a rule, the course of treatment is designed for 3-5 days.

The procedure is carried out an hour after eating. Also after it is not recommended to eat, drink and go outside for an hour.

How to apply with adenoids in children?

With adenoiditis, inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsil occurs, as a result of which it swells and increases in size. Depending on the size of the tonsil, there are 4 degrees of adenoids, among which the 1st is considered the easiest, and the 4th is the most severe.

Usually, signs of the disease make themselves felt at 2-4 years old, when the child begins to attend preschool institutions and encounter a large number of pathogenic microorganisms. They consist in:

• prolonged runny nose;
• constant snoring at night;
• runoff of mucus along the back wall of the nasopharynx;
• bouts of dry cough, etc.

Not so long ago, the removal of adenoids was considered the only way to treat pathology, but modern otolaryngologists and even the popular pediatrician E. O. Komarovsky advise not to make such radical decisions until the age of 6–7.

By this age, proper care for the child timely treatment ARI and exacerbations of adenoiditis, the disease can regress on its own, that is, pass.


This will help ACC, which is widely prescribed by otolaryngologists for adenoids. It can be used as drops and inhalation.

The drug is especially effective in the initial stages of pathology. It helps to eliminate puffiness, which usually gives patients the greatest discomfort.

The use of the drug in the form of inhalation allows you to deliver it directly to the inflamed tissues of the pharyngeal tonsil, where the drops cannot reach. It leads to prompt elimination symptoms of adenoiditis and subsidence of the inflammatory process.

ENTs are prescribed a 3–5-day course of inhalations in combination with corticosteroids, colloidal silver preparations, homeopathic remedies, etc. This is enough to stop acute inflammation.

How to wash the nose with aminocaproic acid: is it possible?

There is debate about the safety of this procedure, but most agree that

Indeed, in large quantities, aminocaproic acid can cause irritation of the mucous membranes. And since flushing is associated with the risk of swallowing the drug, the risk of side effects in the form of:

• skin rash;
• violations of the digestive tract;
• headaches and dizziness;
• convulsions;
• lowering blood pressure.

Thus, washing the nose with this medication can only be carried out by a qualified nurse exclusively on doctor's orders.

Aminocaproic acid for nosebleeds

In case of bleeding, you can drip the solution into the nose, as in the treatment of a cold, or soak cotton swabs (tampons) that are injected into the nostrils. At the same time, it is absolutely impossible to throw your head back so as not to provoke blood flow into the trachea.

As a rule, these activities are sufficient for quick stop bleeding.

Aminocaproic Acid Powder - antihemorrhagic (hemostatic), hemostatic agent used for bleeding caused by increased fibrinolysis.
The mechanism of specific action is due to competitive inhibition of plasminogen activators and partial inhibition of plasmin activity (in high doses), as well as inhibition of biogenic polypeptides - kinins.
It inhibits the activating effect of streptokinase, urokinase and tissue kinases on the processes of fibrinolysis, neutralizes the effects of kallikrein, trypsin and hyaluronidase, and reduces capillary permeability.
Shows moderate anti-allergic and anti-shock activity; increases the antitoxic function of the liver. It inhibits the proteolytic activity associated with the influenza virus, inhibits the proteolytic activity of hemagglutinin. Improves some cellular and humoral indicators of specific and non-specific protection in respiratory viral infections.
Pharmacokinetics. After oral administration, it is rapidly absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The maximum concentration in the blood in adults and adolescents is reached after 2 to 3 hours. It practically does not bind to blood proteins. Partially (10 - 15%) biotransformed in the liver; the rest is excreted by the kidneys mainly unchanged. During the day, about 60% of the administered dose is excreted from the body (with normal kidney function).
In case of violation of the urinary function, cumulation of the drug is possible.

Indications for use

Mode of application

Side effects

Contraindications

Pregnancy

Interaction with other drugs

Overdose

Storage conditions

Release form

Compound

Additionally

main parameters