Experience in the use of the oral form of L-ornithine-L-aspartate in hyperammonemia in patients with chronic liver diseases at the pre-cirrhotic stage. Experience with the use of the oral form of L-ornithine-L-aspartate in hyperammonemia in patients with chronic diseases

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Description of the active ingredients of the drug Ornithine»

pharmachologic effect

Hypoammoniemic agent. Reduces elevated levels of ammonia in the body, in particular in liver diseases. The action is associated with participation in the ornithine cycle of Krebs urea formation (formation of urea from ammonia). Promotes the production of insulin and growth hormone. Improves protein metabolism for diseases requiring parenteral nutrition.

Ornithine aspartate in the body dissociates into the amino acids ornithine and aspartate, which are absorbed into small intestine by active transport through the intestinal epithelium. Excreted with urine.

Indications

Acute and chronic liver diseases accompanied by hyperammonemia. Hepatic encephalopathy.

For dynamic study of pituitary function.

As a corrective additive to preparations for parenteral nutrition in patients with protein deficiency.

Dosing regimen

For oral administration - 3-6 g 3 times / day after meals. V / m - 2-6 g / day; IV bolus 2-10 g/day; the frequency of administration - 1-2 times / day. In / in drip 10-50 g / day. The duration of infusion, frequency and duration of treatment are determined individually.

Side effect

Rarely: skin manifestations.

In some cases: nausea, vomiting.

Contraindications

Severe renal dysfunction (serum creatinine more than 3 mg / 100 ml).

Pregnancy and lactation

During pregnancy, the use is possible only under the strict supervision of a physician.

If necessary, use during lactation should decide on the termination of breastfeeding.

Application for violations of kidney function

Contraindicated in severe renal dysfunction (serum creatinine more than 3 mg/100 ml).

special instructions

If nausea or vomiting occurs, the rate of administration should be optimized.

When applying a certain dosage form ornithine should be observed according to specific indications.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and control mechanisms

Ornithine can cause disturbances in concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions.

is a related amino acid to arginine. Combining them into one group is caused by a similar effect on the body. L ornithine, derived from the liver of a shark in 1937 by D. Akkarman, as well as arginine, stimulates the synthesis of growth hormone - somatotropin. As a non-essential amino acid, ornithine is not found in proteins, but its popularity among athletes in bodybuilding is due to the fact that it promotes rapid muscle gain.

There are two subgroups of ornithine: L and D. Group D has no value for bodybuilders. In sports nutrition, only the amino acid of group l is used. In a small amount, a colleague of arginine is found in connective tissue and in human blood plasma. Ornithine is also isolated from plant products.

Ornithine is a related amino acid to arginine

Properties and functions

Amino acid is used not only in sports nutrition, but also in medicine. Medications with the addition of biologically active component characteristic in the treatment of the following diseases:

hepatitis;
kidney failure;
cirrhosis of the liver;
protein deficiency;
an excess of urea in the blood.

Ornithine, as a hepatoprotector, is a powerful defender of the body. The use of amino acids has a positive effect on the regeneration and restoration of liver cells. At the same time, ornithine protects the body from the negative effects of toxic substances, which is significant for people with impaired liver function. Scientific studies testify to the acceleration of the movement of blood through the vessels under the influence of a non-essential amino acid.

Amino acid is used in the treatment of hepatitis

Also, the additive is used in burn therapy. Amino acid has a positive effect on tissue regeneration. The advantage of its use will be an increase in the overall tone of the skin.
Amino acid supplement promotes the synthesis of niacin (nicotinic acid) in the body.

The benefit of niacin is to speed up the metabolism, which has a positive effect on the rate of weight loss.

Niacin deficiency manifests itself in loss of appetite, muscle weakness, roughness and flaking of the skin. Taking ornithine helps to accumulate the required amount in the body nicotinic acid and in synergy with it to overcome the noted problems.

L ornithine is involved in the removal of ammonia from the body. Under the influence of amino acids, ammonia, as a breakdown product of proteins, is converted into urea and excreted from the body. Exceeding the permissible norm of ammonia in the blood is dangerous for human life, as it can cause endotoxicosis. The processing of ammonia into urea with its subsequent withdrawal blocks the development of negative processes under the influence of toxic substances. This process has a beneficial effect on reducing the overall excitability of a person.

L ornithine is involved in the removal of ammonia from the body

The detoxifying properties of the amino acid are used in complex therapy malignant tumors.
O Rnitine has a number of other properties:

strengthening the immune system and, as a result, increasing the body's resistance to diseases;
strengthening of connective tissues;
generating energy in the process of splitting fats;
muscle recovery;
maintaining the acid-base balance of the body.

The amino acid related to arginine has great importance in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, alcohol dependence, schizophrenia and Down syndrome. As a sedative, the amino acid is introduced into the diet of aggressive people with hyperactivity syndrome.

The amino acid related to arginine is of great importance in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

You can buy L ornithine on the American website, where promotions are always held, and using our link you are guaranteed to receive an additional 5% discount. It also works. Therefore, if you have already decided which L ornithine suits you best, then you can find it at.

Importance of amino acids for athletes

A feature of sports is the increased consumption of protein foods, which leads to an overload of the body with decay products. Although ornithine is synthesized in the body by converting to arginine, its amount is not enough to achieve significant results in bodybuilding and reduce the load on the liver. Therefore, an additional intake of amino acids, as a hepatoprotector, is indicated for bodybuilders and powerlifters. This is due positive influence ornithine on overall training effectiveness and health.

First, ornithine stimulates the production of growth hormone, which accumulates in the pituitary gland. Growth hormone contributes to the rapid burning of fat and the accumulation of muscle mass, which helps to lose weight and acquire an athletic figure. The hormone also has the properties of normalizing glucose levels.

For greater effect, ornithine is taken at bedtime, and the peak of hormone secretion occurs at 90 minutes of a night's rest.

For greater effect, ornithine is taken at bedtime, and the peak of hormone secretion occurs at 90 minutes of night's rest.

It is worth noting that the intake of amino acids stimulates the mobilization of fat not in response to sleep, but in response to a set of measures: proper nutrition, strength training, good sleep.

Insulin synthesis is the second most important property of an amino acid supplement for an athlete. Increased insulin secretion is necessary in bodybuilding when bodybuilders work on mass.

Ornithine is not replaceable when drying the body. The breakdown of fats occurs under the action of growth hormone both during the day and at night. At the same time, the athlete does not feel exhausted, since ornithine increases the energy of the body. In addition, the amino acid supplement reduces pain sensitivity.

The importance of amino acids for strengthening and restoring ligaments and tendons.

The importance of amino acids for strengthening and restoring ligaments and tendons

The amino acid that synthesizes growth hormone is found in plant foods. There is no ornithine in animal products. However, it can be synthesized from arginine, which is found in protein foods. These are nuts, pumpkin seeds, meat, fish and eggs. Therefore, obtaining l ornithine from food is insignificant and does not cover the required daily dose of a bodybuilder, which explains the need for the introduction of nutritional supplements.

Admission rules

Depending on the goals pursued, it is recommended to take ornithine 5 g three times a day. It is best to take it in the morning on an empty stomach, and follow up after a meal. Wash down the sports supplement with juice or water and in no case with milk. To increase the secretion of growth hormone, the third dose is taken immediately before bedtime.

l ornithine found in walnuts

With intramuscular consumption, the daily dose of ornithine ranges from 4 to 14 g, divided into 2 injections. IV 4 g active substance injected once a day.

To increase the rate of fat burning, the intake of ornithine is supplemented with amino acids such as carnitine, arginine. In synergy with niacinamide, calcium, vitamin B6, vitamin C and potassium, the rate of growth hormone synthesis increases.

Contraindications and side effects

Ornithine is contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women.

biological use is unacceptable active additive as a sports nutrition for people suffering from schizophrenia and kidney failure when exceeding the marginal allowable norm of creatinine (3 mg / 100 ml).

The amino acid supplement may cause nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting.
The drug reduces the speed of motor reactions. As a sedative, ornithine leads to a general decrease in concentration.
In rare cases, jet administration of an amino acid leads to shortness of breath and pain in the sternum.

The liver plays a central role in ammonia metabolism. For this reason, patients with chronic diseases hyperammonemia may be observed in the liver. There is evidence that many patients with chronic liver disease have elevated blood ammonia levels in the absence of clinical signs hepatic encephalopathy. Experimental data have been obtained on the stimulating effect of hyperammonemia on liver stellate cells, which can contribute to the progression of portal hypertension and fibrosis in the liver. In this regard, it is of interest to use the results of the determination of ammonia in the blood to control the effectiveness various kinds treatment . L-ornithine-L-aspartate (LOLA) is used in the treatment of chronic liver diseases, significantly reduces the level of ammonia in the blood when taken orally. .

The aim of our work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the oral form of LOLA in hyperammonemia in patients with chronic liver diseases at the pre-cirrhotic stage.

Material and research methods

Open clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of LOLA, which included 37 patients (11 men and 26 women, average age 42.5±6.8 years) with chronic liver diseases (16 with chronic viral hepatitis"C", 21 - with fatty liver disease), initially increased level ammonia in the blood, the minimum degree of activity, the stage of fibrosis 1-2 (according to elastometry), who were treated in polyclinic No. 3 in Khabarovsk. The anamnesis of the disease ranged from 10 to 25 years.

All patients received LOLA at a dose of 3 g per os 3 times a day for 4 weeks.

The concentration of ammonia ions in the venous blood was determined by the enzymatic method (BIOLABO REAGENTS, France) (norm = 11-35 µmol/l) before and after the course of treatment.

Cognitive function was examined using a number connection test (TST) (normal up to 40 seconds) before and after the course of treatment.

The comparison group consisted of 17 practically healthy volunteers, in whom the level of ammonia in the blood was determined and a number linking test was performed.

Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the Microsoft Office 2010 (Excel) and Biostat-2000 software package. The significance of the difference between two mean values was assessed by Student's t-test, in the case repeated measurements paired test was used. Differences in the results were considered statistically significant at a significance level p<0,05. Количественные переменные представлены в работе в виде среднего значения ± стандартная ошибка среднего значения (x±mx).

Research results and discussion

The level of ammonia in the blood of 17 practically healthy individuals in the comparison group was 24.0±2.5 µmol/l and was within the normal range. The level of ammonia in the blood of 37 patients included in the study before treatment was increased to 56.1±6.2 µmol/l. Differences in ammonemia between these groups are statistically significant (p1<0,01). Через 4 недели лечения LOLA уровень аммиака в крови у пациентов с гипераммониемий достоверно снизился до 34,7±4,2 мкмоль/л (p2<0,01) (рис.1).

The time to perform SDCT in all 17 practically healthy individuals in the comparison group was less than 40 seconds (35.1 ± 0.4 seconds). The time to perform SDCT in all 37 patients included in the study before treatment exceeded 40 seconds (59.1±0.7 seconds). Differences in the performance time of TSCH between these groups are statistically significant (p1<0,001). Через 4 недели лечения время выполнения ТСЧ у пациентов с гипераммониемией достоверно уменьшилось до 39,2±0,5 сек (p2<0,001) (рис. 2).

Prolongation of SDST time over 40 seconds is usually detected in patients with hepatic encephalopathy.

Thus, we found that hyperammonemia is observed in patients with chronic liver diseases at the pre-cirrhotic stage. Our results confirm the data of other authors. Due to the fact that in all 37 patients with hyperammonemia examined by us, an increase in the time of performing TST over 40 seconds was initially observed, it seems reasonable to perform TST in patients with chronic liver diseases in the early stages of fibrosis. If it is longer than 40 seconds, it is advisable to study the level of ammonia in the blood. If hyperammonemia is detected, it is necessary to conduct a 4-week course of treatment with the oral form of LOLA, 1.0 g 3 times a day, in order to normalize the level of ammonia in the blood and improve cognitive functions. Hyperammonemia is a leading factor in the development and progression of hepatic encephalopathy, and, perhaps, based on the experimental data obtained by British scientists, a significant factor in the progression of portal hypertension and liver fibrosis. In this regard, the use of hypoammoniemic drugs in chronic liver diseases receives a new additional justification. Further study of the clinical significance of early detection of hyperammonemia and its correction with LOLA is needed.

Number Link Test Execution Time

conclusions

Hyperammonemia occurs in patients with chronic liver diseases at the pre-cirrhotic stage and is accompanied by an increase in the time of performing TST over 40 seconds. Treatment with the oral form of LOLA for 4 weeks reduces the level of ammonia in the blood, improves the performance of the number linking test. Early detection of hyperammonemia and its correction with LOLA is of interest for further research into the possibility of preventing the development and progression of hepatic encephalopathy, portal hypertension, and liver fibrosis.

Bibliography

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Summary

Purpose of the study. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the oral form of LOLA in hyperammonemia in patients with chronic liver diseases at the pre-cirrhotic stage.

Material and methods. An open clinical study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of LOLA in the treatment of 37 patients with hyperammonemia in chronic liver disease, stage 1-2 fibrosis.

Results. There was a positive effect of treatment on the level of ammonia in the blood and the time to perform the number linking test. Ammonia levels decreased from 56.1 ± 6.2 µmol/L after 4 weeks of LOLA treatment to 34.7 ± 4.2 µmol/L (p<0,01), время выполнения ТСЧ — с 59,1 ± 0,7 сек до 39,2 ± 0,5 сек (p<0,001).

Conclusions. Hyperammonemia occurs in patients with chronic liver diseases at the pre-cirrhotic stage and is accompanied by an increase in the time for performing TST over 40 seconds. Treatment with the oral form of LOLA for 4 weeks reduces the level of ammonia in the blood, improves the performance of the number linking test. Early detection of hyperammonemia and its correction with LOLA is of interest for further research into the possibility of preventing the development and progression of hepatic encephalopathy, portal hypertension, and liver fibrosis.

E.A. Ageeva 1,gastroenterologist of the highest qualification category, KGBUZ "City Clinical Polyclinic No. 3" of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Territory,[email protected]
S.A. Alekseenko 2,Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Hospital Therapy, Far Eastern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia,[email protected] _dv.ru

1 KGBUZ "City clinical polyclinic No. 3" ("City clinical polyclinic No. 3"), Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Territory
2 SBEE HPE "Far Eastern State Medical University"(“Far Eastern State Medical University”) of the Russian Ministry of Health

In a clinical multicenter comparative study, the efficacy and safety of L-ornithine-L-aspartate (Hepa-Merz), belonging to the group of hepatoprotective agents that affect metabolic disorders, were studied. The study included 232 patients with acute pancreatitis. It has been established that L-ornithine-L-aspartate (Hepa-Merz) reduces the severity of neurological disorders in pancreatic necrosis. The drug has pronounced hepatoprotective properties.

According to the literature and our observations, the incidence of acute pancreatitis is steadily increasing; in terms of frequency, it ranks third after acute appendicitis and cholecystitis. Treatment of acute pancreatitis, especially its destructive forms, is still a difficult surgical problem due to high mortality - from 25 to 80%.

The liver is the first target organ, which accounts for the main blow of pancreatogenic toxemia in the form of a massive intake of activated pancreatic and lysosomal enzymes, biologically active substances, toxic decomposition products of the pancreatic parenchyma during necrobiosis and activation of the kallikrein-kinin system into the blood flowing through the portal vein.

As a result of the action of damaging factors, deep microcirculatory disorders develop in the liver parenchyma, activation of mitochondrial factors of cell death and induction of apoptosis of hepatic cells occur in hepatocytes. Decompensation of internal detoxification mechanisms exacerbates the course of acute pancreatitis due to the accumulation in the body of many toxic substances and metabolites that are concentrated in the blood and create a secondary hepatotropic effect.

Liver failure is one of the severe complications of acute pancreatitis. Often it predetermines the course of the disease and its outcome. It is known from the literature that in 20.6% of patients with edematous pancreatitis and in 78.7% of patients with a destructive process in the pancreas, there is a violation of various liver functions, which significantly worsens the results of treatment and in 72% of cases is the direct cause of death.

In view of this, the need for adequate prevention and treatment of liver failure in each patient with acute pancreatitis using the entire range of conservative measures is obvious. Today, one of the priority directions in the complex therapy of liver failure in acute pancreatitis is the inclusion of hepatoprotectors in the treatment, in particular L-ornithine-L-aspartate (Hepa-Merz).

The drug has been on the pharmaceutical market for several years, it has proven itself and is successfully used in therapeutic, neurological, toxicological practice for acute and chronic liver diseases. The drug stimulates the detoxification function of the liver, regulates metabolism in hepatocytes, and has a pronounced antioxidant effect.

In the period from November 2009 to March 2010, a multicenter non-randomized clinical study was conducted to study the effectiveness of the hepatoprotector L-ornithine-L-aspartate (Hepa-Merz) in the complex treatment of patients with acute pancreatitis. The study included 232 patients (150 (64.7%) men and 82 (35.3%) women) with acute pancreatitis confirmed by clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods. The age of patients ranged from 17 to 86 years, on average - 46.7 (34; 58) years. In 156 (67.2%) patients, the edematous form of pancreatitis was diagnosed, in 76 (32.8%) - destructive forms: in 21 (9.1%) - hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis, in 13 (5.6%) - fatty pancreatitis, in 41 (17.7%) - mixed, 1 (0.4%) - post-traumatic.

All patients received basic complex conservative therapy (blockade of the exocrine function of the pancreas, infusion-detoxification, antibacterial agents).

L-ornithine-L-aspartate (Hepa-Merz) in the complex of therapeutic measures was used in 182 (78.4%) patients (main group); 50 (21.6%) patients made up the control group, in which this drug was not used. The drug was prescribed from the 1st day of the patient's inclusion in the study according to the developed scheme: 10 g (2 ampoules) intravenously at a rate of administration of not more than 5 g/h per 400 ml of saline sodium chloride solution for 5 days, from the 6th day - orally (preparation in the form of a granulate, 1 sachet, 3 g, 3 times a day for 10 days).

The severity of the patients' condition was assessed using the SAPS II physiological condition severity scale. Depending on the total SAPS II score, both groups were divided into 2 subgroups of patients: with a total score<30 и >30.

Subgroup with the severity of the condition according to SAPS II<30 баллов составили 112 (48,3%) пациентов, в том числе 97 (87%) - из основной группы: мужчин - 74 (76,3%), женщин - 23 (23,7%), средний возраст - 40,9 (33; 45) года, тяжесть состояния - 20,4±5,2 балла; из контрольной группы было 15 (13%) пациентов: мужчин - 11 (73,3%), женщин - 4 (26,7%), средний возраст - 43,3 (28,5; 53) года, тяжесть состояния - 25±6 баллов.

The subgroup with a total SAPS II score >30 consisted of 120 (51.7%) patients, including 85 (71%) from the main group: men - 56 (65.9%), women - 29 (34.1%) ), mean age - 58.2 (45; 66.7) years, severity of condition - 36.3+5.6 points; there were 35 (29%) patients from the control group: men - 17 (48.5%), women - 18 (51.4%), mean age - 55.4 (51; 63.5) years, severity of condition - 39 .3±5.9 points.

The study identified 4 base points: 1st, 3rd, 5th and 15th days. To assess the effectiveness of treatment, the severity of the patients' condition was determined in dynamics according to the SOFA Integral Scale; studied laboratory parameters: the concentration of bilirubin, the level of protein, urea and creatinine, cytolysis enzymes - alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (ACT). The degree of impairment of cognitive functions and the rate of their recovery during treatment were assessed in the number connection test (TST).

Mathematical processing of the actual material was carried out using the basic methods of biomedical statistics using the Microsoft Office Excel 2003 and BIOSTAT software package. When describing group characteristics, we calculated the standard deviation of the mean value of a trait with its parametric distribution and the interquartile interval - with a nonparametric one. The significance of differences between the 2 parameters was assessed using the Mann-Withney and x2 tests. Differences were considered statistically significant at p=0.05.

In patients of the main group with the severity of the condition according to SAPS II<30 баллов применение L-орнитин-L-аспартата (Гепа-Мерц) в комплексе лечения привело к более быстрому восстановлению нервно-психической сферы, что оценивалось в ТСЧ. При поступлении у пациентов обеих групп длительность счета была выше нормы (норма - не более 40 с) на 57,4% в основной группе и на 55,1% - в контрольной: соответственно 94 с (80; 98) и 89,5 с (58,5; 116). На фоне терапии отмечалась положительная динамика в обеих группах. На 3-й сутки длительность счета составила 74 с (68; 78) в основной группе и 82,3 с (52,5; 100,5) - в группе сравнения, что превышало норму на 45,9 и 51,2% соответственно (р=0,457, Mann-Withney). На 5-е сутки время в ТСТ составило 50 с (48; 54) в основной группе и 72,9 с (44; 92) - в контрольной, что превышало норму на 20 и 45,2% соответственно (р=0,256, Mann-Withney). Статистически достоверные изменения отмечены на 15-е сутки исследования: в основной группе - 41 с (35; 49), что превышало нормальное значение на 2,4%, а в контрольной — 61 с (41; 76) (больше нормы на 34,4%; р=0,038, Mann-Withney) - рисунок "Динамика состояния нервно-психической сферы у больных с суммарным баллом по SAPS II <30".

In patients with the severity of the condition according to SAPS II> 30 points, the study revealed a positive effect of L-ornithine-L-aspartate (Hepa-Merz) on the dynamics of biochemical parameters; the most significant changes were related to the parameters of the cytolytic syndrome (ALT, ACT) and the rate of recovery of neuropsychic functions.

During dynamic monitoring of the severity of the condition of patients, assessed by the SOFA scale, more rapid normalization was also noted in the main group (Figure "Dynamics of the severity of the condition in patients with a total SAPS II score> 30"). The severity of the condition of patients in the main and control groups on the 1st day of the study on the SOFA scale was 4 (3; 6.7) and 4.2 (2; 7) points, respectively, on the 3rd day of the study - 2 (1; 3), respectively. .7) and 2.9 (1; 4) points (p=0.456, Mann-Withney), on the 5th day - 1 (0; 2) and 1.4 (0; 2) points, respectively (p=0.179 , Mann-Withney), on the 15th day: in the main group, on average, 0 (0; 1) points, in 13 (11%) patients - 1 point; in the control group, signs of organ dysfunction were observed in 12 (34%) patients, the average SOFA value in this group was 0.9 (0; 2) points (p = 0.028, Mann-Withney).

The use of L-ornithine-L-aspartate (Hepa-Merz) in our study was accompanied by a more pronounced decrease in cytolysis indices than in the control (figures "Dynamics of the ALT content in patients with a total SAPS II score > 30" and "Dynamics of the ACT content in patients with a total SAPS II score >30").

On the 1st day, the levels of ALT and ACT exceeded the upper limit of normal in all patients. The average content of ALT in the main group was 137 U/l (27.5; 173.5), in the control group - 134.2 U/l (27.5; 173.5), ACT - respectively 120.5 U/l ( 22.8; 99) and 97.9 U/l (22.8; 99). On the 3rd day, the ALT content was respectively 83 U/l (25; 153.5) and 126.6 U/l (25; 153.5) (p-0.021, Mann-Withney), ACT - 81.5 U /l (37; 127) and 104.4 U/l (37; 127) (p=0.014, Mann-Withney). On the 5th day, the average ALT content in the main and control groups was 62 U/l (22.5; 103) and 79.7 U/l (22.5; 103) respectively (p=0.079, Mann-Withney), a ACT - 58 U/l (38.8; 80.3) and 71.6 U/l (38.8; 80.3) (p=0.068, Mann-Withney). The concentration of ALT and ACT in patients treated with L-ornithine-L-aspartate (Hepa-Merz) reached normal values on the 15th day. The ALT level in the main group was 38 U/l (22.5; 49), in the comparison group - 62 U/l (22.5; 49) (p=0.007, Mann-Withney), the ACT level was 31.5, respectively. U/l (25; 54) and 54.2 U/l (25; 70) (p=0.004, Mann-Withney).

The study of attention with the help of TSC in patients with a severity of condition according to SAPS II > 30 points also revealed the best results in the main group (Figure "Dynamics of the state of the neuropsychic sphere in patients with a total SAPS II score > 30").

By the 3rd day, their counting rate was 18.8% higher than in the comparison group: it took 89 s (69.3; 105) and 109.6 s (90; 137), respectively (p=0.163, Mann -Withney); by day 5, the difference reached 34.7%: 59 s (52; 80) and 90.3 s (66.5; 118), respectively (p=0.054, Mann-Withney). On the 15th day in the main group, it took an average of 49 s (41.5; 57), which was 47.1% more than in the control group: 92.6 s (60; 120); p=0.002, Mann-Withney.

The immediate results of treatment should also include a reduction in the duration of hospitalization by an average of 18.5% in patients of the main group (p=0.049, Mann-Withney).

In the control group, there were 2 (6%) deaths from increasing multiple organ failure (p=0.15; Χ 2), in the main group there were no deaths.

The observation showed that in the vast majority of cases, L-ornithine-L-aspartate (Hepa-Merz) was well tolerated by patients. In 7 (3.8%) patients, side effects were noted, in 2 (1.1%) the drug was discontinued due to the development of an allergic reaction, in 5 (2.7%) dyspeptic symptoms were noted in the form of nausea, vomiting, which stopped with a decrease in the rate of drug administration.

The timely use of L-ornithine-L-aspartate (Hepa-Merz) in the complex of therapeutic measures for acute pancreatitis is pathogenetically justified and can significantly reduce the severity of endogenous intoxication. L-ornithine-L-aspartate (Hepa-Merz) is well tolerated by patients.

Literature

1. Bueverov A.O. Hepatic encephalopathy as the main manifestation of liver failure // Proceedings of the satellite symposium of the Merz company "Liver diseases and hepatic encephalopathy", April 18, 2004, Moscow. - p. 8.

2. Ivanov Yu.V. Modern aspects of the occurrence of functional liver failure in acute pancreatitis // Mathematical morphology: electronic mathematical and biomedical journal. -1999; 3(2): 185-195.

3. Ivashkin V.T., Nadinskaya M.Yu., Bueverov A.O. Hepatic encephalopathy and methods of its metabolic correction // BC Library. - 2001; 3(1):25-27.

4. Laptev V.V., Nesterenko Yu.A., Mikhailusov S.V. Diagnosis and treatment of destructive pancreatitis - M.: Binom, 2004. - 304 p.

5. Nadinskaya M.Yu., Podymova S.D. Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy with Hepa-Merz // Proceedings of the satellite symposium of the Merz company “Liver diseases and hepatic encephalopathy”, April 18, 2004, Moscow. - S. 12.

6. Ostapenko Yu.N., Evdokimov E.A., Boyko A.N. Experience in conducting a multicenter study in a medical facility in Moscow to study the effectiveness of the use of Hepa-Merz in endotoxicosis of various etiologies // Proceedings of the second scientific-practical conference, June 2004, Moscow. - S. 31-32.

7. Popov T.V., Glushko A.V., Yakovleva I.I. Experience with the use of the drug Selenase in the complex of intensive care for patients with destructive pancreatitis//Consilium Medicum, Infections in surgery. - 2008; 6(1):54-56.

8. Saveliev B.C., Filimonov M.I., Gelfand B.R. Acute pancreatitis as a problem of urgent surgery and intensive care // Consilium Medicum. - 2000; 2(9): 367-373.

9. Spiridonova E.A., Ulyanova Ya.S., Sokolov Yu.V. The use of Hepa-Merz preparations in the complex therapy of fulminant viral hepatitis // Proceedings of the Merz satellite symposium "Liver Diseases and Hepatic Encephalopathy", April 18, 2004, Moscow. - S. 19.

10. Kircheis G. Therapeutic efficacy of L-ornithine-L-aspartate infusions in patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy: results of placebo-controlled, double-blind study // Hepatology. - 1997; 1351-1360.

11 Nekam K. et al. Effect of in vivo treatment with ornitin-aspartate hepamerz on the activity and expression of superoxided dismutase SOD in patients with cirrhosis of the liver// Hepatology. -1991; 11:75-81.

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Aspartic acid is a non-essential acidic amino acid. This endogenous substance plays an important role for the proper functioning of the nervous and endocrine systems, and also contributes to the production of certain hormones (growth hormone, testosterone, progesterone). Contained in proteins, it acts on the body as an excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system. In addition, it is used as a dietary supplement, antibacterial agent, and is part of detergents. Derived in 1868 from asparagus.

general characteristics

Natural aspartic acid with the formula C4H7NO4 is a colorless crystal with a high melting point. Another name for the substance is amino succinic acid.

All amino acids used by humans for protein synthesis (except) have 2 forms. And only the L-form is used for protein synthesis and muscle growth. The D-shape can also be used by a person, but it performs slightly different functions.

The aspartic amino acid also exists in 2 configurations. L-aspartic acid is more common and takes part in many biochemical processes. The biological role of the D-form is not as varied as its mirror isomer. The organism, as a result of enzymatic activity, is able to produce both forms of the substance, which then form the so-called racemic mixture of DL-aspartic acid.

The highest concentration of the substance was found in brain cells. By acting on the central nervous system, it increases concentration and learning abilities. At the same time, the researchers say that an increased concentration of the amino acid is found in the brain of people with epilepsy, but in people with depression, on the contrary, it is much less.

Aspartic acid reacts with another amino acid to form aspartame. This artificial sweetener is actively used in the food industry, and acts as an irritant on the cells of the nervous system. For this reason, doctors do not recommend frequent use of aspartic acid supplements, especially in children whose nervous systems are more sensitive. They may develop autism against the background of asparaginates. Also, the amino acid can affect women's health and regulate the chemical composition of the follicular fluid, which affects the reproductive potential. And frequent consumption of asparaginates by pregnant women can adversely affect the health of the fetus.

Role in the body:

Aspartic acid is important in the formation of other amino acids such as asparagine, and.
Relieves chronic fatigue.
Important for the transport of minerals necessary for the formation and functioning of DNA and RNA.
Strengthens the immune system by promoting the production of antibodies and immunoglobulins.
It has a positive effect on the work of the central nervous system, supports concentration, and sharpens the work of the brain.
They contribute to the removal of toxins from the body, including ammonia, which has an extremely negative effect on the functioning of the brain, nervous system and liver.
Under conditions of stress, the body needs additional doses of amino acids.
It is an effective remedy for depression.
Helps convert carbohydrates into energy.

Differences between forms

On the labels of dietary supplements, the L and D forms of amino acids are often referred to by the common name - aspartic acid. But still structurally both substances differ from each other, and each of them plays its own role in the body.

The L-form is present in our body more abundantly, it helps to synthesize proteins and cleanse the body of excess ammonia. The D-form of aspartic acid is found in small amounts in the adult body and is responsible for hormone production and brain function.

Despite the fact that both amino acid variants are made from identical components, the atoms within the molecule are connected in such a way that the L and D forms are mirror images of each other. Both have a central core and a group of atoms attached to the side. The L-form has a group of atoms attached to the left, while its mirror image has a group of atoms attached to the right. It is these differences that are responsible for the polarity of the molecule and determine the functions of the amino acid isomers. True, the L-form, getting into the body, is often transformed into the D-isomer. Meanwhile, as experiments have shown, the "transformed" amino acid does not affect the level of testosterone.

The role of the L-isomer

Almost all amino acids have two isomers, L and D. L-amino acids are primarily used for protein production. The same function is performed by the L-isomer of aspartic acid. In addition, this substance promotes the process of urine formation and helps to remove ammonia and toxins from the body. In addition, like other amino acids, this substance is important for glucose synthesis and energy production. Also, L-form aspartic acid is known to be involved in the creation of molecules for DNA.

Benefits of the D-Isomer

The D-form of aspartic acid is primarily important for the functioning of the nervous and reproductive systems. It is concentrated mainly in the brain and genital organs. Responsible for the production of growth hormone, and also regulates the synthesis of testosterone. And against the background of increased testosterone, endurance increases (this property of the acid is actively used by bodybuilders), and libido also increases. Meanwhile, this form of aspartic acid in no way affects the structure and volume of muscles.

Studies have shown that testosterone levels rise significantly in people who take the D-amino acid isomer for 12 days. Scientists argue whether the D-form of this substance is needed in the form of a dietary supplement for people younger than 21 years old, but there is no consensus yet.

In addition, studies have shown that the level of D-aspartic acid in brain tissues steadily increases up to 35 years, then the reverse process begins - a decrease in the concentration of the substance.

Although D-aspartic acid is rarely associated with protein structures, it has been found that this substance is found in cartilage and enamel, can accumulate in brain tissue, and is also present in erythrocyte membranes. At the same time, the amount of this amino acid in the brain of an embryo is 10 times greater than in the brain of an adult. The scientists also compared the composition of the brain of a healthy person and those with Alzheimer's disease. It turned out that in patients the concentration of aspartic acid is higher, but deviations from the norm were recorded only in the white matter of the brain. It is also interesting that in older people, the concentration of the D-isomer in the hippocampus (dentate gyrus of the brain) is significantly lower than in younger people.

Daily rates

Scientists continue to study the effects of aspartic acid on humans.

So far, 312 mg of a substance per day is called a safe norm, divided into 2-3 doses.

It is recommended to use an amino acid supplement for approximately 4-12 weeks.

The D-form is used to increase testosterone levels. The study showed that in men who consumed 3 g of D-aspartic acid for 12 days, testosterone levels increased by almost 40 percent. But after 3 days without a bioadditive, the indicators decreased by about 10 percent.

Who needs higher doses

Undoubtedly, this substance is extremely necessary for people of all age categories, but in some cases the need for aspartic acid increases dramatically. First of all, this applies to people with depression, poor memory, brain diseases, and mental disorders. It is important to regularly take people with reduced performance, cardiac diseases and vision problems.

In addition, it is important to know that high blood pressure, increased testosterone levels, the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in the vessels of the brain are the reason for reducing the intensity of substance intake.

amino acid deficiency

Persons whose diet contains insufficient protein foods are at risk of developing a deficiency not only of aspartic acid, but also of other useful substances. The lack of amino acids is manifested by severe fatigue, depression, frequent infectious diseases.

food sources

The issue of the consumption of aspartic acid in the form of food is not so acute, since a healthy body can independently provide itself with the necessary portions of the substance (in two forms). But, nevertheless, you can also get an amino acid from food, mainly high-protein ones.

Animal sources: all meat products, including smoked meats, dairy products, fish, eggs.

Plant Sources: Asparagus, Sprouted Seeds, Alfalfa, Hercules, Avocado, Asparagus, Molasses, Beans, Lentils, Soybeans, Brown Rice, Nuts, Brewer's Yeast, Tropical Fruit Juices, Apple Juices (from the Semerenko variety), Potatoes .

Aspartic acid is an important component for maintaining health. Meanwhile, when taking it, it is important to remember the recommendations of doctors so as not to harm your body.