What is professional oral hygiene. Teeth cleaning in dentistry: what is included in professional oral hygiene? Types of oral hygiene

Regular oral hygiene maintains the health of teeth, gums, and mucous membranes. In the article - about home care methods, folk treatment oral cavity.

Proper oral hygiene

The traditional and familiar way is to clean the oral cavity from microorganisms and plaque with a toothbrush.

Cleaning the lateral surfaces of the teeth from the outside and from the inside:

1. position the bristles at the base of the gums at an angle of approximately 45 degrees;
2. move towards the tooth and sweep away deposits from the gums and enamel, while moving, turn it in the handle so that the bristles at the chewing surface of the tooth are at a right angle to the side surface;
3. without touching the lateral surface of the teeth and gums, move the bristles to the base of the gums;
4. repeat at least 10 times.

The movements should be precisely sweeping, in the vertical direction - when moving along the lateral side of the dentition perpendicular to the interdental spaces, the plaque moves between the teeth.

Cleansing the chewing surface:

• position the bristles perpendicularly;
• move back and forth parallel to the outer and inner side surfaces of the teeth;
• at the end, remove plaque from the gaps with dental floss.

At the beginning of the hygiene procedure, rinse the bristles with clean hands, apply a little paste, combine the movements described above into a specific pattern, for example:

• The outer surface on the left - front teeth - the right outer side.
• Inner surface on the right - front teeth - left inner side.
• Chewing surface on the left, then on the right.

Brush the teeth of the other jaw in the same way.

Cleansing the oral cavity according to this scheme takes about 4 minutes, teeth are brushed in the morning and evening.

How to store your toothbrush

To avoid dental diseases, inflammation of the mucous membrane, after oral hygiene, wash the bristles with warm water and soap, lather and leave until the next use.

The bathroom is a convenient, but not the most suitable place to store a toothbrush. Humidity, heat, darkness - favorable conditions reproduction of microorganisms.

Between uses, the bristles should remain dry, isolated from the ingress of dust and insects. Store your toothbrush in the plastic case only when traveling.

Modern portable toothbrush sterilizers are powered by batteries. The ultraviolet ozone lamp destroys most of the bacteria on the bristles.

Once every few days, disinfect the bristles - briefly immerse them in a pile of alcohol, mouthwash, 3%.

Store the brush in an upright position with the handle down - this will dry the bristles faster. To prevent the spread of pathogenic bacteria, use an individual cup or holder.

How to choose a toothbrush

Proper oral hygiene, prevention of mucosal diseases require right choice toothbrush.

Artificial fiber bristle meets all hygienic requirements, better than natural, there is no channel inside the bristles, the surface is smooth, the end is rounded.

One of the main parameters is the stiffness of the bristles, there are only five degrees: very hard, hard, medium, soft, very soft.

If there are no diseases of the oral cavity, most adults are suitable brushes of medium hardness.

Children's toothbrushes have soft to very soft bristles.

Very hard bristles are used to clean the enamel of the teeth of smokers.

When choosing a toothbrush, pay attention to the frequency of the beams, the optimal distance between them is 2.5mm. Excessively frequent arrangement complicates care and hygienic processing, does not allow cleaning hard-to-reach surfaces. As a rule, each tuft has a conical shape, which facilitates penetration into the interdental spaces.

Classic brush - with beams of the same length, which are parallel. This design copes well with, does not injure the gums.

The head, on which the tufts of villi are fixed, should not be excessively long. A small head cleans the oral cavity easier, its area allows you not to make additional movements.

The optimal toothbrush head size for adults is 7-11mm wide, up to 30mm long, for children - 17-25mm long.

The toothbrush is replaced with a new one once a month. Some models are equipped with a special indicator - colored villi, at the end of the term they fade to the middle. For a month of use, a maximum of microorganisms accumulate in the bristles - the hygiene product becomes a breeding ground for infection. The toothbrush also needs to be replaced if the bristles begin to fall out, lose their shape, become shorter.

After a disease of the oral mucosa - in order to exclude re-infection - it is worth replacing even an almost new brush.

Some use an electric toothbrush. According to modern research, this device has no special advantages.

A certain convenience - in the rapid mechanical performance of movements, which requires proper oral hygiene. Also, an electric toothbrush helps children and the elderly to perform precise coordinated movements.

Choosing a paste for oral hygiene

Hygienic. In this group - children's varieties, they do not contain medicinal substances, they are intended exclusively for oral hygiene.

Children's pastes are distinguished by reduced abrasiveness and the concentration of various additives. After six years, a child can use adult pastes - if they do not cause discomfort.

Treatment and prophylactic. Toothpastes of this variety clean and provide healing effect. To prevent caries, they contain fluorine compounds. In its pure form, the element is poison, in small quantities it is useful for bone tissue.

Fluorine and phosphorus strengthen healthy teeth. But with caries, they have an undesirable effect - the disease goes into a latent form, causes complications.

Anti-inflammatory toothpastes are used for diseases of the oral mucosa - bleeding, inflammation of the gums. They contain extracts, mint, pine, juniper.

Salt pastes eliminate soft plaque, improve blood circulation in the gums.

Desensitizing paste used in case of increased sensitivity of the teeth. Abrasive particles have a minimum size, they almost do not irritate. Other substances form a protective film on the surface of the teeth, which reduces sensitivity. If the enamel is gray, brush your teeth several times with traditional toothpaste before use.

Pastes with low foaming properties used for reduced salivation, their composition is enriched with enzymes.

Toothpastes with anti-plaque properties used to prevent and remove plaque.

Pastes with whitening effect used to brighten tooth enamel. They contain abrasive particles or chemical substances.

Oral hygiene with highly abrasive pastes, which contain silicon dioxide or the natural component papain, increases tooth sensitivity, injures gums, and with prolonged use, chemicals weaken tooth enamel.

For the prevention of diseases of the oral mucosa, the health of the teeth, one paste is continuously used for no longer than 30 days, the next month it is replaced with another.

For a healing effect, you can brush your teeth with one paste in the morning, and in the evening with the one recommended by the dentist.

For morning and evening oral hygiene, modern devices are used: irrigators, dental floss, toothpicks, interdental brushes.

Irrigator for oral hygiene

The device with a strong pressure of water removes plaque, food debris from the interdental spaces, massages the gums. Particularly useful in the case of installed crowns or bridges.

The main modes of operation of modern irrigators:

Jet. A strong jet removes food debris.

Shower. More spray, less pressure wash out the small particles that remain after the jet regime.

Hydromassage. Improves blood circulation, prevents diseases of the oral cavity.

The stationary device is powered by the mains, equipped with individual nozzles for each family member. A portable irrigator is low-power, the jet is less strong, it is powered by a built-in battery.

In the case of heart disease, rheumatism, you should consult a doctor before choosing an irrigator.

The irrigator does not replace oral hygiene with a toothbrush.

Oral hygiene procedure with boiled water at room temperature or a special liquid - tap water is not suitable.

The technique is simple: place the nozzle against the interdental space near the gum so that the jet of water flushes out food debris at an acute angle to the chewing surface.

Dental floss

After brushing the teeth with a brush, the interdental spaces are cleaned with dental floss (floss).

The cross section of the thread is round or flat. Round is used for wide interdental spaces. Flat ones penetrate between dense teeth.

Dental floss is impregnated with flavors and a special composition that destroys microorganisms. Under the influence of saliva, they glide well.

How to perform oral hygiene with dental floss:

• pull and insert between the teeth to the gums;
• press to one tooth;
• push the deposits to the chewing surface with back and forth movements;
• then, carefully, so as not to injure the gum, press it against the adjacent tooth and similarly clean its surface.

The thread is pulled by hand - fixed 30-40 cm on the first phalanx of the middle fingers of each hand - one is inserted into the oral cavity, the thread is directed with the index or large other.

Sometimes a floss is included in the kit - a special device with a handle and two protrusions for fixing a stretched dental floss between them. Flosset is used with an increased gag reflex, as well as to clean between the teeth of a child.

Toothpicks and brushes for oral hygiene

Remove particles of fibrous food from the mouth. They are made of wood, plastic, give a round, triangular, rectangular section.

If the distance between the teeth and the thickness of the toothpick allows, a piece of food is pushed outward-inward.

It is wrong to move the toothpick from the gum to the chewing surface of the tooth - it can get stuck, and its tip will break, start to rot or injure the gum when chewing food.

brushes used to clean wide interdental spaces, orthopedic structures, remove plaque and deposits between teeth.

They differ in diameter, stiffness of the bristles, the shape of the working surface - cylindrical, conical. It is better to choose the right size during a visit to the dentist.

The brush is inserted between the teeth, the side surfaces are cleaned, turned by the handle.

Prevention of oral diseases

Diseases of the teeth and gums are prevented by regular oral hygiene.

rinses warm water after each meal, add a drop to the water lemon juice. Useful water-alcohol extracts medicinal plants such as chamomile and calendula.

Chew food thoroughly. Hard food naturally massages and strengthens the gums, improves blood circulation, and reduces the risk of oral diseases.

The mouth is full of microorganisms. If oral hygiene is not observed, teeth and gums, mucous membranes hurt. The infection spreads throughout the body internal organs, causes arthritis, disorders, hearing, smell. The waste products of microorganisms enter the bloodstream, creating an increased burden on the kidneys, heart, and digestive system.

Caries- softening and destruction of dental tissue, a cavity is formed inside the tooth. The exact cause of the disease is unknown, the most likely are hereditary predisposition, abuse of sweets, muffins, deficiency of calcium, fluorine, phosphorus, poor oral hygiene, which slows down the development of caries.

Gingivitis. The disease affects the gums, the development of pathology is facilitated by dysfunction endocrine system, malocclusion. The gums itch, swell, bleeding between the teeth. Ulcers are formed, bad. In the treatment, antiseptic solutions are used for rinsing, periodontal pockets are scraped.

Stomatitis. Inflammatory process in the mucosa often develops after measles, viral diseases. It is provoked by beriberi, general intoxication, diseases of the digestive, endocrine, nervous systems, disturbed , inadequate oral hygiene. Stomatitis develops after a mechanical injury to the mucosa, the wound turns into a non-healing sore.

The gums hurt, swell and bleed, a characteristic white coating. The disease is treated with antiseptic agents, taking multivitamins.

halitosis(halitosis). The reason is the excessive reproduction of microorganisms, the disease develops with insufficient hygiene of the oral cavity, the base of the tongue, palate, with caries, when it is difficult or impossible to thoroughly clean the affected area, remove food debris, with insufficient production of saliva, which naturally cleanses the mouth.

Bad smell appears during periods of exacerbations chronic diseases ENT organs, gastrointestinal tract, elevated level female hormones- they cause desquamation of the epithelium from the mucous membrane and the growth of a population of microorganisms that emit hydrogen sulfide.

Tartar form seals of plaque, which is deposited at the point of contact of the tooth with the gum and in the spaces between the teeth. Plaque consists of particles of food, mucus, pathogenic microorganisms. The color is gray or dirty yellow, in smokers it is dark or black. Tartar can cause the development of gingivitis, later - periodontitis. Deposits are removed in the dentist's office with a special ultrasonic device.

Periodontitis. The tissues that surround the tooth are inflamed. There is burning, itching, numbness in the gum, it turns red or becomes bluish, swells, as if creeping on the tooth, halitosis appears.

With the development of the disease, the gum, on the contrary, slips, exposes the neck of the tooth, and when squeezed, releases pus and blood. Over time, teeth become loose and fall out.

The disease is suffered after the age of 30, its causes are a lack of vitamins P and C, disturbances in the endocrine system, tartar, unhealed caries, malocclusion, and inadequate oral hygiene.

Hydrogen peroxide for oral hygiene

It is believed that one of the causes of caries, periodontitis, is food particles that remain in the oral cavity.

In reality, bits of rotting food rarely cause cavities—teeth are destroyed by eating modern foods.

Eskimos, representatives of island tribes, never brush their teeth, do not buy modern food, but many “civilized” people envy the health of their oral cavity.

Proponents of treatment advise:

• regularly perform oral hygiene with 3% peroxide, which is mixed with food or toothpaste without fluoride;
• after brushing your teeth, rinse your toothbrush with peroxide;
• in the morning and after dinner, rinse your mouth with a 3% peroxide solution with water.

In case of mucosal disease - ulcers, inflammations - rinsing with this hygiene product is also used.

With ENT diseases, mucus (snot) accumulates in the nasal passages, an infection develops - the cause of the stench.

How to get rid of bad breath:

• Dilute 15 drops of 3% peroxide in a tablespoon of water.

Instill twice a day in each nostril.

home remedies for oral cavity

Toothache.

• Rinse your mouth for a long time with a warm decoction of sage, yarrow - hold the liquid in your mouth for several minutes.

• Fix a piece of camphor on the diseased tooth with chewing gum.

Caries.

1. Mix 2 parts of oregano, 2 parts of St. John's wort, 4 parts.
2. Brew 300 ml of boiling water 3 tbsp. mixture, simmer over low heat for 2 minutes, insist 2 hours, strain.

Apply for oral hygiene, eliminate bad breath 2-3 times a day.

Stomatitis.

• Perform oral hygiene by rinsing with a seven-day infusion.

• Rinse fresh herb, chop, 2 tbsp. pour a glass of sea buckthorn oil, insist in a dark cool place for two days, strain.

Lubricate the oral mucosa several times a day.

• Brew 1s.l. Hypericum perforatum and 1s.l. chamomile with a glass of boiling water, leave for half an hour, strain.

Rinse the mouth in case of mucosal diseases.

fresh parsley it is useful to chew - it is a wonderful antiseptic, promotes wound healing.

Take inside a mixture of juices, fresh and potatoes (2 tsp four times a day), as well as a mixture of parsley juice and potatoes (3 tsp once a day).

Eliminate bad breath.

• Rinse your mouth with 3% 3-4 times a day.

• Wash and peel 50 g of horseradish root, pass through a meat grinder, pour a glass of vodka, leave for 3 days, strain.

Add a few drops to a glass of warm water and rinse your mouth.

Folk remedies of antiseptic and anti-inflammatory action.

• Grind fresh horseradish root with a blender, squeeze the juice through gauze.

Add to warm water, rinse your mouth several times a day.

• Grind 3 tbsp. leaves, 1 s.l. calendula flowers, brew two cups of boiling water, simmer for 10 minutes in a water bath, let cool, strain.

Use for rinses.

• Rinse your mouth with fresh cabbage juice diluted with the same amount of warm water.

Gingivitis, periodontitis.

• Massage the gums with fir oil.

• Mix 3 parts of oak bark, 2 parts of lime blossom, brew 1 tbsp. mixture with a glass of boiling water, leave for 20 minutes, strain.

Use for rinses.

Folk remedies for healing wounds and sores.

• Brew 2s.l. crushed leaves with a glass of boiling water, leave for 15 minutes, strain.

Rinse your mouth with warm infusion.

• Brew 1s.l. cudweed grass marsh with a glass of boiling water, leave for 45 minutes, strain.

Rinse your mouth to heal the mucosa.

The health of our teeth and gums is directly dependent on proper oral hygiene. The value of daily hygiene procedures is difficult to overestimate, but it is often easy to underestimate and pay with the loss of teeth even at a young age. So the statement of dentists that one of the most effective and at the same time simple ways for the prevention of dental diseases is the correct and regular hygiene of the teeth and oral cavity in children and adults, as relevant as ever. We should not forget that hygiene procedures should not be limited to just brushing your teeth at home.

Preventive oral hygiene is a complex event that includes daily brushing of teeth and a visit to the hygienist at least once a year. The fact is that in order to maintain teeth and gums in healthy condition it is necessary to timely and efficiently remove dental deposits, as well as thick plaque on the tongue. Food debris and soft plaque can be removed with a toothbrush and toothpaste. But the removal of tartar (mineralized dental deposits) is performed by a dentist using special tools and tools, for example, Air Flow. In this regard, comprehensive oral care implies an individual and professional hygiene.

Individual oral hygiene

Personal oral hygiene is most effective if you follow certain rules about how exactly you should brush your teeth. As you know, there are many ways - each of them is correct and complete, it all depends on our personal preferences. But still, it is advisable to listen to the following recommendations of dentists:

• always start brushing your teeth with the same dentition;
• follow a certain sequence of brushing your teeth so as not to miss any area;
• Cleaning should be carried out at the same pace in order to withstand the required duration of cleansing.

Of course, you need to pay attention to the technique of brushing your teeth. If, for example, you brush your teeth across the dentition, then the enamel will wear off over time. Therefore, individual oral hygiene must be carried out with observance of the technique of brushing your teeth (even circular movements cannot be made - they must be perfectly round). And in our performance, they are rather oval. Therefore, due to non-compliance with this important rule enamel by about 35 years old is badly damaged, if not completely erased. However, if you are using an ultrasonic brush, all of the above is not relevant to you. In addition, do not forget that cleaning the tongue with special scrapers is a necessary component of oral hygiene.

Oral hygiene products

Oral hygiene products are a kind of multicomponent system, which includes a variety of natural and synthetic substances intended for both preventive and therapeutic effects on the oral cavity as a whole.

The main means of individual oral hygiene:

• toothpastes, gels, tooth powders;
• toothbrushes;
• chewing gum (therapeutic and prophylactic).

Toothpastes are recommended to choose depending on the presence of certain problems or specific tasks. If you have had dental implants the best choice There will be toothpaste for implants. To lighten the surface of the enamel, you should pay attention to whitening pastes. But to strengthen the teeth, restorative products are suitable, for example, Theodent toothpaste with theobromine or Swiss Smile Crystal.

There are also additional oral hygiene products. These include:

• flosses (dental floss), toothpicks;
• oral irrigators (before choosing the best irrigator, be sure to study the main characteristics of the models);
• tongue cleaners: scrapers, scraper brushes;
• mouth rinses, mouth deodorants, teeth whiteners;
• denture treatment powders/denture treatment tablets;
• foam for oral hygiene (the foam dissolves plaque well and is indispensable where it is not possible to use standard oral hygiene products, it is enough to hold the foam in your mouth for 20-30 seconds and spit).

The unique, multifunctional JETPIK JP200-Elite device combines an electric sonic toothbrush, irrigator and dental floss. The accessories and the device itself are stored in a convenient plastic container, which is ideal for travel or storage in a small bathroom.

Oral hygiene is important not only as a prevention of caries, but also for free comfortable communication with others. Plaque-yellow teeth and bad breath won't make anyone attractive. Such aesthetic dentistry procedures as veneers and expensive laser teeth whitening will not make sense without basic hygiene procedures.

Most diseases of the oral cavity are associated with the activity of pathogenic bacteria that are in the human mouth. If a the immune system a person is strong and able to resist, bacteria do not harm health. In the event of a disease or weakening of the body, pathogenic bacteria begin to multiply and have a harmful effect.

Excessive consumption of foods high in carbohydrates can cause damage to the teeth.

The results of the vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms noticeable in the form of soft deposits in the oral cavity on the surface of the gums, tongue, cheeks, outer and inner surfaces of the teeth.

To remove plaque and deposits, daily and proper cleaning at home is used, but sometimes it is not enough to cope with signs of bacterial damage. In this case, many turn to specialists for professional oral hygiene. Very often professional hygiene is necessary to improve the color of tooth enamel. This procedure is mandatory before the sanitation of the oral cavity.

Mechanical cleaning of the surface of the teeth and gums from bacterial deposits allows timely prevention of the development of caries and periodontal disease.

Professional oral hygiene: what is it

- these are measures aimed at removing deposits from the surface of the teeth and gums, which are carried out by a specialist using various methods. For professional oral hygiene, special tools and devices are used.

The procedure is performed by a hygienist who uses professional toothbrushes of various hardness and bristles of different lengths, ultrasonic and combined equipment, irrigators, therapeutic ointments, and special abrasive cleaners for mechanical cleaning of the oral cavity.

Why Professional Hygiene Is Necessary

Without professional cleaning of teeth and gums impossible to perform dental procedures.

Removal of plaque is a means of preventing periodontal disease. Tooth enamel enriched with essential minerals.

While cleaning the surface of the teeth carious foci become visible, which allows you to start treatment of the disease in a timely manner.

Professional cleaning makes it possible to accurately determine the color of tooth enamel, which is very important for prosthetics or restoration.

Methods and means of professional oral hygiene

Before carrying out manipulations without fail the mouth is rinsed with a special antiseptic solution. The whole procedure is carried out using local anesthesia in the form of sprays, gels or injections.

Dental plaque is removed by manual or hardware method.

For hardware removal of plaque, a special painless and safe system is used.

The destruction of tartar occurs using a laser device.

To remove soft deposits on the teeth, the specialist uses special abrasive plates and scrapers. Previously, this was the only way to get rid of tartar and soft tissue deposits.

Currently, manual manipulations are carried out in areas that are inaccessible for cleaning using instruments.

What does professional oral hygiene include?

Professional oral hygiene is carried out in several stages.

Additionally, whitening or implantation can be performed..

The basic procedures of hygienic professional cleaning of the oral cavity allow you to get rid of plaque, keep your teeth strong, and give them a natural color.

After professional cleaning, it may remain for a short time hypersensitivity teeth and mucous surface of the gums, since cleansers contain aggressive components.

Professional cleaning of the oral cavity is carried out taking into account the individual needs of the patient. To clean the braces, it is recommended to visit a specialist at least once every three months.

Contraindications for professional oral hygiene

Not all patients are eligible for these procedures. . No hygiene cleaning if patients have the following diseases and pathological conditions

After professional oral hygiene, the doctor will familiarize you with the rules for caring for oral cavity and the basics of finger massage, will help you choose toothpaste and a toothbrush of the required rigidity.

Dental hygiene is a professional cleaning of teeth by removing tartar (supra- and subgingival deposits) and smoothing the root surface, which prevents the formation of plaque in the future.

Proper oral hygiene includes:

thorough brushing of teeth with a toothbrush and paste;

cleansing the mouth after eating;

regular care of interdental spaces.

If after eating it is not possible to brush your teeth, rinse your mouth with water, but preferably with a special rinse. If this is not possible, use chewing gum.

Compliance with the rules of oral hygiene is the best means of preventing dental diseases.

The food we eat undergoes significant culinary processing, and therefore is poor in natural products. This does not contribute to the self-cleaning of the mouth. Our food does not require intensive chewing, which means that it does not provide the necessary load on the teeth and periodontal tissues. Under such conditions, rational oral hygiene is of particular importance, otherwise food debris, fermentation and decay products, bacteria will accumulate in it, which, in turn, will lead to the formation of tartar and plaque.

You need to brush your teeth properly. The upper teeth are cleaned with sweeping movements from top to bottom, and the lower ones - from bottom to top. Be sure to brush the inside of your teeth. To clean the side surfaces of the teeth, special dental flosses are used. Children are recommended to use children's low-abrasive toothpastes.

It is recommended to use a toothbrush with artificial bristles and a small size (to facilitate manipulation in the mouth). Before the first use, the brush should never be doused with boiling water. Simply rinse under running water.

Remember that toothpaste does not clean at all, but only a brush. The paste has an auxiliary, antimicrobial, deodorizing and refreshing effect. Do not use large amounts of paste. The size of a large (for small children) peas is ample volume.

Teeth should be brushed twice a day tooth powder or paste, both on the outside and on the inside. A toothbrush removes food debris and plaque, while a powder or paste refreshes the mouth, eliminates bad breath and destroys harmful microflora.

Tooth powders- complex mixtures based on calcium melhydrogen orthophosphate and with the addition of white magnesia to give them lightness and friability. Magnesium peroxide contained in tooth powders disinfects the oral cavity and whitens teeth.

Toothpastes There are two types: therapeutic and prophylactic (they serve to prevent diseases of the teeth and gums, and also contribute to their treatment) and hygienic (only refresh and clean). The composition of the toothpaste contains abrasive substances for polishing the surface of the teeth and cleaning them from plaque. Usually it is precipitated chalk, aluminum oxide and hydroxide, calcium phosphates, zirconium orthosilicate, silicon dioxide. For better preservation of the paste, gelatin-like components synthesized from cellulose, glycerin, sorbitol and other substances are added. Introduced into the paste and a little chlorophenol or formalin to provide a disinfectant effect. Foaming provides sulfonated soap, for example, the sodium salt of alizarin oil.

Treatment-and-prophylactic pastes include fluorine-containing substances - sodium fluorophosphate, tin fluoride, sodium fluoride, etc. These additives form a hard protective layer on the surfaces of tooth enamel. In addition, fluoride additives slow down the formation and spread of bacterial plaque on the teeth, which is the cause of caries. Anti-inflammatory substances are also introduced into toothpastes, which strengthen the oral mucosa and reduce gum bleeding. To give toothpaste a pleasant taste and smell, mint, cinnamon, eucalyptus or clove oil, as well as citric acid and other substances are added.

Transparent toothpastes are made on the basis of silica gel and can contain any flavoring and healing components, but their ability to mechanically clean teeth is worse than other pastes.

Non-observance of hygiene rules teeth and oral cavity often leads to the appearance of an unpleasant odor. To eliminate bad breath and strengthen the gums, it is recommended to rinse with a decoction of one tablespoon of St. John's wort flowers in one glass of water. Prevention and treatment of inflammation of the oral mucosa is carried out with alcohol or vodka tincture of St. John's wort. A decoction of mint perfectly refreshes the mouth after eating. To remove yellowness on the teeth, you can use baking soda with the addition of a few drops of lemon juice twice a week instead of toothpaste.

For dental hygiene, it is useful to eat a hard apple after a meal. The fibers of its fiber will remove plaque, and the abundant saliva with diligent chewing will wash away the remnants of carbohydrates. In addition, malic acid will restore the normal acid-base balance in the oral cavity.

Oral hygiene with the participation of specialists includes a certain set of measures aimed at removing tartar and soft plaque. Such procedures are carried out by a hygienist or dentist, and they precede orthodontic, surgical, orthopedic and therapeutic measures.

Professional dental hygiene is a complex of diagnostic and therapeutic measures aimed at identifying dental deposits and choosing the optimal method for their removal. In addition, the patient is taught the principles of individual dental hygiene, which are most consistent with the type of dental deposits he has, and, if necessary, he is given recommendations on the use of additional medicines in the form of applications, rinses, etc., which will promote the regeneration of periodontal tissues. .

How professional oral hygiene is carried out

Thus, professional oral hygiene has a certain sequence: first, tartar is removed, after which pigmented plaque is removed. Subdental and anterior deposits can be eliminated in one of the following ways:

The most effective method of removing tartar today is carried out using a hand tool or an ultrasonic scaler. When removing tartar with a scaler, the patient does not feel any discomfort, because this procedure is non-traumatic and painless, it does not harm tooth enamel. The principle of operation of an ultrasonic scaler is as follows: with the help of the oscillatory movements it creates, tartar is knocked down even in the most inaccessible places.

After the tartar has been cleaned off, the doctor proceeds to the procedure for removing pigmented plaque, for which he uses the modern Air-flow procedure (powder-jet effect). An aerosol jet containing an abrasive substance and water is directed to the places of plaque deposition and knocks it down. After such a procedure, the teeth become lighter by two tones, but you should know that this effect does not remain forever. If you need to whiten your teeth even more, you should use a special teeth whitening procedure.

After plaque is removed and tartar is removed, the doctor covers the teeth with a special varnish or fluorine-containing gel, which helps to reduce the sensitivity of the enamel.

Basic methods of oral hygiene

Regular teeth cleaning

Mouth rinse

Teeth cleaning, ideally, should follow every meal. But since this condition is difficult to fulfill, you can limit yourself to the morning and evening procedures. Throughout the day, personal oral hygiene products, such as breath fresheners or floss, can fill this gap.

Rinse your mouth needed after every meal. It is advisable to use such oral hygiene products as special rinses, which contain disinfectant and refreshing components.

Methods for assessing oral hygiene.

Indices of the state of the oral cavity Methods for assessing dental deposits

Fedorov-Volodkina index (1968) The hygienic index is determined by the color intensity of the labial surface of the six lower frontal teeth with iodine-iodine-potassium solution, evaluated on a five-point system and calculated by the formula: Kav = (∑Ku)/n where Kav. – general hygienic cleaning index; Ku - hygienic index of cleaning one tooth; n is the number of teeth.

Staining of the entire surface of the crown means 5 points; 3/4 - 4 points; 1/2 - 3 points; 1/4 - 2 points; no staining - 1 point. Normally, the hygienic index should not exceed 1. Green-Vermillion Index (1964). The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) is an assessment of the surface area of ​​a tooth covered with plaque and/or tartar, does not require the use of special dyes. To determine OHI-S, the buccal surface 16 and 26, the labial surface 11 and 31, the lingual surface 36 and 46 are examined, moving the tip of the probe from the cutting edge towards the gum.

The absence of plaque is indicated as 0, plaque up to 1/3 of the tooth surface - 1, plaque from 1/3 to 2/3 - 2, plaque covers more than 2/3 of the enamel surface - 3. Then tartar is determined by the same principle. The formula for calculating the index.OHI is S=∑(ZN/n)+∑(ZK/n) where n is the number of teeth, ZN is plaque, and ZK is tartar. Plaque: Calculus: 0 none 0 none 1 on 1/3 crown 1 supragingival calculus on 1/3 crown 2 on 2/3 crown 2 supragingival calculus on 2/3 crown 3 3 supragingival calculus > 2/3 crown or subgingival calculus, surrounding the cervical part of the tooth Value Index score Oral hygiene score 0 - 0.6 Low Good 0.7 - 1.6 Medium Fair 1.7 - 2.5 High Unsatisfactory Very high Poor

Silnes-Low Index (1967) takes into account the thickness of plaque in the gingival region in 4 areas of the tooth surface: vestibular, lingual, distal and mesial. After drying the enamel, the tip of the probe is passed over its surface at the gingival sulcus. If soft matter does not adhere to the tip of the probe, the index of plaque on the tooth site is indicated as - 0. If plaque is not visually determined, but becomes visible after the probe is moved, the index is 1. Plaque from a thin layer to moderate thickness, visible to the naked eye, is scored as a score of 2 Intense plaque deposition in the gingival sulcus and interdental space is designated as 3. For each tooth, the index is calculated by dividing the sum of the scores of 4 surfaces by 4. The overall index is equal to the sum of the scores of all examined teeth, divided by their number.

Tartar Index (1961). Supra- and subgingival tartar is determined on incisors and canines mandible. The vestibular, distal-lingual, central-lingual and medial-lingual surfaces are studied in a differentiated manner. To determine the intensity of calculus, a scale from 0 to 3 is used for each surface examined: 0 - no calculus 1 - calculus is detected less than 0.5mm in width and / or thickness 2 - calculus width and / or thickness is from 0.5 to 1mm 3 - width and/or thickness of tartar more than 1 mm. The formula for calculating the index: Intensity of the ZK = (∑ codes_of_all_surfaces) / n_teeth where n is the number of teeth.

Ramfjord Index (1956) as part of the periodontal index, it involves the determination of plaque on the vestibular, lingual and palatine surfaces, as well as the proximal surfaces of the 11th, 14th, 26th, 31st, 34th, 46th teeth. The method requires preliminary staining with Bismarck Brown solution. The score is made as follows: 0 - no plaque 1 - dental plaque present on some surfaces of the tooth 2 - plaque present on all surfaces but covering more than half of the tooth 3 - plaque present on all surfaces but covering more than half. The index is calculated by dividing the total score by the number of teeth examined.

Navi Index (1962). The indexes of tissue coloration in the oral cavity, limited by the labial surfaces of the anterior teeth, are calculated. Before the study, the mouth is rinsed with a 0.75% solution of basic fuchsin. Scored as follows: 0 - no plaque 1 - plaque stained only at the gingival margin 2 - pronounced plaque line at the gingival margin 3 - gingival third of the surface covered with plaque 4 - 2/3 of the surface covered with plaque 5 - more than 2/3 of the surface covered with plaque . The index was calculated in terms of the average number per tooth per subject.

Turesky Index (1970). The authors used the Quigley-Hein scoring system on the labial and lingual surfaces of the entire row of teeth. 0 - absence of plaque 1 - individual patches of plaque in the cervical area of ​​the tooth 2 - thin continuous strip of plaque (up to 1 mm) in the cervical part of the tooth 3 - stripe of plaque wider than 1 mm, but covering less than 1/3 of the crown of the tooth 4 - plaque covering more than 1 / 3, but less than 2/3 of the tooth crown 5 - plaque covers 2/3 of the tooth crown or more.

Index Arnim (1963) when evaluating the effectiveness of various oral hygiene procedures, determined the amount of plaque present on the labial surfaces of the four upper and lower incisors stained with erythrosin. This area is photographed and developed at 4x magnification. The outlines of the corresponding teeth and colored masses are transferred to paper and these areas are determined by a planimer. The percentage of the surface covered with plaque is then calculated. The Hygiene Efficiency Index (Podshadley & Haby, 1968) requires the use of a dye. Then a visual assessment of the buccal surfaces of 16 and 26, labial - 11 and 31, lingual - 36 and 46 teeth is carried out. The examined surface is conditionally divided into 5 sections: 1 - medial, 2 - distal, 3 - mid-occlusal, 4 - central, 5 - mid-cervical. 0 - no staining 1 - staining of any intensity The index is calculated by the formula: PHP=(∑codes)/n where n is the number of examined teeth. PHP value Hygiene effectiveness 0 excellent 0.1 - 0.6 good 0.7 - 1.6 satisfactory poor

Dental health can only be guaranteed by proper oral hygiene. If you treat it inattentively, problems will arise over time: caries, periodontal disease, loss of bone units. A clear symptom of poor hygiene is the smell, which is especially noticeable during a conversation. Diseases can develop due to ignorance of the rules of care.

The concept of oral hygiene

If we talk about the definition of the concept of hygiene, then it includes measures for the care and removal of plaque from the teeth, which help prevent diseases of the oral cavity. The procedure must be carried out correctly, including superficial removal of deposits and deep cleaning of the interdental space and gingival sulcus.

Proper hygiene includes:

• brushing with toothpaste;
• usage additional funds(thread, rinse aid, etc.);
• visiting a doctor for professional cleaning and tissue assessment.

A visit to the dentist should be scheduled every six months. Without cleaning with special tools, hygiene will be insufficient, which can provoke the occurrence of foci of inflammation and disease.

Types of hygiene

Home

Good home oral hygiene can reduce the impact pathogenic bacteria on the body. The essence of individual dental hygiene is the care with the use of basic means:

• brushes and pastes;
• floss (dental floss) (we recommend reading: what is the difference between waxed and unwaxed dental floss);
• rinse liquids.

Also, the list of home oral hygiene measures includes an independent examination, which allows you to identify inflammation, plaque and caries. We will talk more about hygiene products below.

Professional

Proper professional oral hygiene is carried out by a hygienist using special devices and materials:

• hard and soft brushes different length bristles;
• irrigators;
• ultrasonic devices;
• abrasives;
• therapeutic ointments.

Plaque removal is an excellent way to prevent periodontal disease. The specialist determines the level of hygiene, after cleaning the crowns, carious lesions become visible, the natural color of the enamel, which is important for the restoration of the bite. As a rule, the procedure is performed according to the algorithm:

Method for assessing the hygienic state of the oral cavity

An assessment of the hygienic state of the oral cavity is carried out to select methods and materials for cleaning, caring for teeth and mucous membranes. The doctor uses special tools (Lugol's solution, fuchsin, etc.) to detect plaque and evaluate the effectiveness of hygiene measures. The dye is applied to the enamel, after which the specialist determines the area occupied by plaque and its thickness.

Assessment of oral hygiene is performed using a special table. Determination of the quality of hygiene is carried out depending on the intensity of pigmentation of each tooth:

The enamel contamination index in each clinic is determined by its own methods. The scale for measuring deposits and the substances for coloring may differ.

Proper oral care

Dental care

Dental hygiene begins with the choice of toothpaste and brush. There are several types of pastes:

Choosing the right brush is important for proper oral hygiene. It is better to buy a product with artificial fibers - in them the villi have a smooth surface, and the ends are rounded. It is necessary to pay attention to such a parameter as the stiffness of the bristles - as a rule, brushes of medium hardness are suitable for most adults.

You need to take care of your toothbrush and keep it clean. After use, the product must be dried, you can not leave it without a hygienic cap next to the toilet. It is advisable to purchase an ultraviolet sterilizer that is designed to kill bacteria on the bristles.

To remove plaque and food particles between teeth, flat and round threads are used in coils or on special holders. They are impregnated with a microbe-destroying composition and allow you to mechanically remove deposits.

In the presence of orthopedic constructions, implants, wide gaps between teeth, interdental brushes and irrigators are used. These devices are selected by the doctor individually for the patient and allow you to remove plaque from all hard-to-reach places.

Mucosal care

Hygiene involves not only the removal of deposits from the interdental spaces, but also the cleansing of the oral mucosa. On the inner surface of the cheeks, between the villi of the tongue, microparticles of food accumulate, which create ideal conditions for the reproduction of bacteria.

To maintain a healthy mouth, it is necessary to cleanse the palate, the mucous membranes of the cheeks and the tongue. To do this, you can use a regular toothbrush or a bandage wound around your finger.

Fundamentals of hygiene

Basic oral care

The list of care products includes:

Home arsenal can be replenished with auxiliary hygiene products - a tongue scraper and a toothbrush with a relief surface reverse side heads. These devices provide effective removal plaque from soft tissues.

Good hygiene keeps your mouth healthy. For each person, the following rules should become a habit:

Instructions for daily cleaning of the oral cavity

To properly carry out oral hygiene, you need to follow a certain scheme. Taking care of your teeth comes down to a simple instruction:

Teeth should be brushed for 2-3 minutes, and then proceed to massage the gums, doing circular motions brush or finger for 30-60 seconds.

The next step is cleaning the oral mucosa:

1. Using a toothbrush, brush over inside cheeks
2. Lightly pressing the scraper or the back grooved side of the brush head, swipe over the tongue, first from the root to the tip, then across.
3. Rinse your mouth with water.

1. Tear off about 30-40 cm and wrap around your fingers.
2. After leading it into the interdental gap, press the floss against the tooth and move it up and down 3-5 times.
3. To clean the next gap, rewind the thread on your fingers to use the clean section of the thread.
4. It is important not to touch the gums - soft fabric easily injured.

Morning and evening oral hygiene ends with the use of a rinse. You should take 2 teaspoons of the product into your mouth and roll it for a minute.

All hygiene procedure takes no more than 10 minutes. Compliance with the timing will help maintain the condition of the teeth at a high level. Careful care avoids most periodontal diseases and loss of bone units.

Consequences of poor hygiene

The oral cavity is an ideal environment for the development of microorganisms. It is humid and warm, so poor oral hygiene leads to serious consequences:

Appearing in the mouth, the infection spreads throughout the body, penetrating into the internal organs. Toxic waste products of bacteria increase the burden on the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and heart. Infection in the oral cavity can in the future provoke the development of arthritis, hearing, smell and vision disorders.

Interesting facts about maintaining dental health

Conscientious oral care involves brushing your teeth daily. However, a person practically does not think about other points:

• Enamel is exposed to stress in the process of eating. Acids are especially dangerous for her, as well as the waste products of bacteria - this is a fact (we recommend reading:). Fluorine does an excellent job with caries - it “solders” microcracks, restoring damaged areas. It is important to use a fluoride toothpaste at least once a day (preferably after breakfast).
• The frequency of meals has a stronger effect on enamel than the diet. Snacks just destroy hard tissues, since a person usually consumes foods and drinks containing starch and sugar during lunch. This provokes the multiplication of microbes that produce toxic acids. They destroy the enamel.
• Sweets on the children's menu provoke the development of caries. A good option fighting the disease - limiting the use of sweets, cakes, sweet soda and replacing them with fruits, homemade yogurts and pancakes.