Treatment of leukocytes in a smear. Treatment of elevated leukocytes in a smear

Women, unlike men, have to visit a doctor who treats the genitourinary system more often. So, during pregnancy, the expectant mother should regularly go to the gynecologist and take some tests. When applying for a job or an educational institution, now they also require the conclusion of a gynecologist. In this article, we will talk about what leukocytes are in a smear. The rate of content of these bodies will also be indicated below. You will find out why a smear is given for flora and how this procedure goes.

Vaginal smear

This analysis is given at each visit to the doctor. It is worth noting that the study is carried out quite simply and quickly, but nevertheless it can say a lot about the state of the female reproductive system. That is why gynecologists prescribe this analysis in the first place.

How is a smear taken for flora?

A swab is taken at least three times during pregnancy (the rate of leukocytes will be indicated below). If there are any deviations and treatment is required, then a re-analysis is always taken a few weeks after the course of drug therapy.

The analysis is very simple. The woman is offered to sit on the gynecological chair and relax. The doctor inserts a speculum into the vagina and takes material from the cervix, from the walls of the vagina and from the urethra. When deciphering the result, the place where the material was collected from is necessarily taken into account.

The timing of the study and the data obtained

A smear for flora is examined quite quickly. Within one or two working days you will be provided with the results. Remember that it is the doctor who must decipher them. Surely a woman alone will not be able to understand all the data and correctly interpret the conclusion.

Usually, the result always indicates the names of the studied elements and the resulting value. So, the number of leukocytes and the state of the epithelium are necessarily established. The analysis examines the presence or absence of cocci and pathogens of trichomoniasis.

Further studies are more detailed. They are carried out only when necessary.

Leukocytes in a smear: normal

After receiving the result, we can confidently draw a conclusion about the state of the female reproductive system. When decoding, it is necessary to take into account the day of the cycle, the presence of pregnancy and colds. So, what is the rate of leukocytes in a smear in the fairer sex?

Usually the number of white cells in the field of view should not exceed 10. So, if the analysis says that single leukocytes were found, the smear is “normal”. In women who have just finished menstruating, the number of these cells may be slightly higher. In this case, it does not exceed 25 units in the field of view. These data are also considered absolutely normal. However, it is worth notifying the doctor in advance about a recent menstruation.

In expectant mothers, the level of white bodies can also be increased. If you are expecting a baby and passed a smear on the flora, the norm allows leukocytes in an amount of no more than 30 units in the field of view. This applies to all sites from which the material was collected.

In the presence of a viral or bacterial disease, the level of white cells may increase slightly. Moreover, the more acute the infection, the higher the value will be. That is why doctors do not recommend taking a smear on the flora during an illness. If there is no other way out, then you need to warn the doctor about the existing pathology.

The degree of cleanliness of the vagina

After receiving the result, you can preliminarily draw some conclusions. Most often, doctors subdivide the representatives of the weaker sex according to the degree of purity of the vagina. This classification directly depends on the number of leukocytes and other impurities. So, if leukocytes are found in a smear, is this a norm or a pathology?

First degree

In this case, the result of the analysis is the following data. Leukocytes are found in the amount of several units in the field of view. The microflora is represented by beneficial bacteria. There are no cocci, pathological mucus and Trichomonas. In conclusion, it will be indicated: smear analysis (leukocytes) - "normal".

Second degree

There are also single cells of white bodies in the field of view. However, beneficial microflora is presented on a par with cocci and yeast fungi. Usually, in the absence of complaints of itching and unusual discharge, a woman is recognized as absolutely healthy. However, if there are unpleasant symptoms, then minor treatment is required. If such a microflora is found in a future mother, then she is prescribed therapy without certain symptoms.

Third degree

In this case, the result of the analysis may be the following data: the number of leukocytes exceeds the norm (more than 30 cells in the field of view), there are cocci, yeasts and other pathogens. Such a result is always recognized as a deviation from the norm. The woman is being treated.

Degree four

This is the very last step. In this analysis, a large number of leukocytes are present. Useful microflora is depleted, pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms are detected. Upon receipt of such a result, additional diagnostics is necessary, after which the woman is prescribed appropriate treatment.

Leukocytes in a smear: deviations

If you passed a smear for flora and leukocytes were found in it in in large numbers, then this is a deviation. In this case, a woman is assigned a number of additional tests. In this case, it is imperative to take into account the presence of a permanent sexual partner and the method of protection. If the fair sex is not "friends" with such a means of protection as condoms, then there is a possibility of an infection that is transmitted through sexual contact.

So, with an increase in the level of leukocytes, it is recommended to pass a detailed analysis of the flora, conduct a study for the presence of sexual diseases, and also do a bacterial culture. After receiving the results, you can talk about the diagnosis and prescribe treatment. What can cause an increase in the level of leukocytes in a smear?

1. Bacterial infections obtained through sexual contact (mycoplasma, trichomonas, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and others).
2. An inflammatory process in the vagina against the background of a decrease in immunity (with colds during pregnancy, etc.).
3. Diseases of the uterus and appendages (endometritis, salpingitis, adnexitis).
4. Level reduction beneficial bacteria against the background of the reproduction of cocci and fungi (thrush, gardnerellosis, and so on).
5. The development of tumors of a benign or malignant nature.

Conclusion

Now you know what white blood cells are in a smear. The norm is always indicated on the form with the result of the analysis. If you deviate from it, you should visit a doctor as soon as possible and carry out appropriate treatment. Otherwise, you may get serious complications. Take your tests on time and be healthy!

The cells that are in the human immune system are leukocytes. They are designed to protect the body from various infections. A large number of leukocytes in a smear (more than 15 units) indicates the presence of inflammatory processes in a woman.

What are leukocytes in a smear

Leukocytes are capable of destroying pathogenic microorganisms that penetrate the vaginal microflora. The level of increase in such cells reflects the severity of the inflammatory process. The more of them, the more severe the disease. The presence of such protection only helps to identify inflammation, while it does not make it possible to determine which infection is the cause of the disease.

Microscopic examination of a smear is a standard procedure performed by a gynecologist at every visit of a woman. Such an examination can also be done in men, a sample for analysis is taken from their urethra. Women are advised to conduct a study several times a year. The analysis will reveal elevated white blood cells in a smear, which signal the presence of diseases on early stage when their treatment would be most effective.

Symptoms of leukocytosis

A condition characterized by an excess of white blood cells (leukocytes) in the blood is called leukocytosis. Cells protect a person from the invasion of viruses and prevent their reproduction. Constant elevated level leukocytes - the result of an inflammatory process of various etiologies, which is often accompanied by the following symptoms:

• burning sensation and unpleasant odor from the vagina;
• pain when urinating;
• white curdled discharge from the vagina;
• painful intercourse;
• failure menstrual cycle;
• itching of the genitals;
• unsuccessful attempts to get pregnant;
• temperature rise;
• dizziness.

Why are there a lot of leukocytes in the smear

Increased content of whites blood cells may indicate the beginning of the inflammatory process. Taurus concentrate in an infected place, after which they begin to fight with dangerous viruses or bacteria. The more microbes accumulate, the greater the number of protective cells. The causes of an increase in leukocytes in a smear are allergic reaction, infections, poor exposure to polymorphonuclear pathogens. In addition, the following factors can provoke an increase in cells:

• coli;
• vaginal dysbacteriosis;
• STDs - diseases that are sexually transmitted (gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, ureaplasmosis);
• hormonal imbalance;
• staphylococcus;
• inflammation of the vagina;
• stress;
• reception medicines;
• oncology.

What diseases cause increased leukocytes

In women, elevated white blood cells in a smear indicate various diseases. internal organs and reproductive system. The body instantly reacts to the disease, so with the help of research it is possible to determine the presence of an infection at an early stage. Even if there are no visible symptoms diseases and the woman is not worried about anything, laboratory analysis may show a different picture. As a rule, the following diseases cause an increased number of cells:

• endometritis - inflammation that can occur in the uterus;
• cervicitis - increased leukocytes in the cervical canal;
• adnexitis - a disease of the appendages;
• colpitis - inflammatory process in the vagina;
• intestinal dysbacteriosis;
• cervical erosion;
• urethritis - inflammation of the urethra;
• sexual infections (chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhea).

The norm of a smear in women

The number of protective blood white cells in women in a smear should be up to 15 units - this is the norm. In the urethra, the number of such cells should not exceed 5 units, in the cervix - 15 units, in the vagina - 10 units. If the level of protective bodies goes beyond the norm and shows from 20 or more units, then this indicates that there are infectious and inflammatory processes.

An increase in a small number of leukocytes (up to 30) can be observed before menstruation - this is a natural phenomenon. In addition, cell growth after the first analysis is sometimes unreliable, because. material may be incorrect. For example, a "thick" smear is practically not visible, since the entire field is covered with clusters of cells that overlap each other. To eliminate all risks, a woman needs to be tested again.

Increased white blood cells in a smear during pregnancy

While waiting for the baby, a pregnant woman undergoes a series of tests and examinations. One of them is a gynecological smear showing the number of leukocytes. As a rule, the number of cells during pregnancy can be high, which is considered normal and will not require intervention by a gynecologist. In this case, a woman must constantly be observed by a doctor to exclude the occurrence of inflammatory processes. If then the therapy is not carried out in time, complications may appear (termination of pregnancy and a negative effect on the fetus).

Normally, leukocytes during pregnancy range from 15 to 30 units. If their content exceeds, then there is an infection in the body. In many cases, pregnant women simply exacerbate chronic diseases. Although often an increase in white blood cells can indicate fungal (candidiasis) and sexual infections: genital herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis. If the protective bodies of a pregnant woman exceed the norm, additional studies are carried out: bacteriological cultures, PCR diagnostics, immunological examination.

How to treat leukocytes in a smear

If an increase in white blood cells is detected in women, the doctor may prescribe treatment, but only after the cause of such growth has been accurately established. In some cases, it is not possible to find the etiology of the increase, and the specialist resorts to observation - the patient will need to undergo regular examinations. The main task of therapy is not a treatment to reduce white blood cells, but the fight against the disease that caused their growth. Treatment methods:

• With thrush, the doctor prescribes antifungals(Nystatin, Sertaconazole, pimafucin, vaginal suppositories Terzhinan).
• If the increase in leukocytes is caused by chlamydia, then antibiotics should be drunk (levofloxacin, amoxicillin, doxycycline, azithromycin, erythromycin). In this case, the patient's sexual partner should undergo treatment.
• For the treatment of gonorrhea, women and men are prescribed ceftriaxone, azithromycin, doxycycline.
• An increase in white blood cells in syphilis is treated with drugs containing penicillin (ceftriaxone, ampicillin).
• Sanitation of the genital organs.
• With elevated leukocytes in a smear, douching with a solution of chlorophyllipt and warm baths help well.
• Using special tampons with aloe juice and honey.
• Rarely - treatment folk remedies: douching with tincture of chamomile, decoction of oak bark or St. John's wort.

Video: smear indicators for flora

In women, a smear is taken on the flora, as a rule, when visiting any gynecologist. It is according to the results of such an analysis that leukocytes can be detected. At healthy woman normally there can be fifteen to twenty in the field of view. If the number of leukocytes is too high, then an inflammatory process that occurs in the genital area can be suspected.

Inflammation can be triggered by vaginitis, infections, colpitis, and other diseases that are sexually transmitted. It is believed that the higher the leukocyte level, the more pronounced the inflammatory process is already occurring in a woman. Of course, to clarify this pathogen, the doctor must conduct special additional studies: PCR, bacteriological cultures, immunological studies.

The norm of the number of leukocytes in a smear

In a smear, in the field of view of leukocytes, normally more than fifteen should not be. In the urethra - no more than five, in the cervix - up to fifteen, and in the vagina up to ten are allowed. Only doctors consider this the norm.

Increased number of leukocytes in a smear

With any inflammatory processes in the female body, the quantitative composition of leukocytes increases quite sharply. For example, inflammation of the vagina provokes precisely sharp increase composition of leukocytes in a smear. It is necessary to know that the more the analysis of leukocytes showed, the more acute is the state of the present disease. If a woman's body has acute inflammation, in this case, up to a hundred leukocytes can be in sight, or medical language we can say that "leukocytes cover the entire field of view."

Of course, the identified infections could appear in the body of a woman for a long time, they just could “sit out”. And only with a decrease in immunity, they made themselves felt. Quite often this happens precisely against the background of pregnancy, when a serious hormonal restructuring takes place. female body, all immune system pregnant woman. It is at this very moment that the “dormant” pathogens begin to manifest themselves.

The causes of inflammation processes can be hidden in STDs, which include genital herpes, gonorrhea, mycoplasmosis, syphilis, ureaplasmosis and other serious diseases. Another very common cause of an increased composition in a leukocyte smear is thrush. Of course, in pregnant women, such a disease is more often diagnosed than in other women, and this disease requires adequate treatment.

When determining an increased leukocyte count and a pathogen in a smear, the attending physician immediately prescribes treatment. All pregnant women are carefully selected drugs, taking into account the duration of pregnancy, individual characteristics their body, as well as the sensitivity of the pathogen to certain medicines. In the event that the pathogen was not identified, or if local treatment turned out to be ineffective at all, then the doctor, as a rule, raises the issue of using antibiotic therapy.

Quite a few patients believe that an elevated leukocyte level, in the absence of pronounced symptoms, is a trifle. Only an untreated infection, in fact, can cause dangerous chronic diseases in the pelvic area, miscarriages and lead to weakness in labor in the future. Therefore, it is simply necessary for a pregnant woman to start treatment, and this should be done as early as possible.

In modern medical center every woman can receive qualified assistance from experienced professionals, pass the necessary tests, receive a treatment regimen in order to gain women's health and a successful pregnancy.

With an increased leukocyte composition, a gynecologist can identify one of the diseases:

• inflammation of the vaginal walls - colpitis disease;
• dysbacteriosis of the vagina or intestines;
• diseases of the genital organs of a cancerous form;
• inflammation of the uterine walls - endometritis disease;
• cervicitis, which is a special inflammatory process in the cervical canal;
• disease adnexitis in the form of inflammation of the ovaries;
• urethritis, which is inflammation of the urethra (the urination channel).

If the gynecologist detects an increased number of leukocytes, then you just need to pass the mandatory PCR tests. They are needed for additional testing. Only on the basis of these analyzes is it possible to detect the cause of the increase in white cells, that is, to learn about the disease. After determining the disease caused by an increase in white blood cells, your gynecologist will be able to prescribe the right treatment for you or send you to a consultation with doctors who can continue to investigate the disease.

There are simply paradoxical cases when a woman has been treated, and the leukocytes in the smear are not normal. These special situations, most often, occur due to vaginal dysbacteriosis. Then you should repeat the courses using special antibacterial suppositories.

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In gynecological practice, such a diagnostic method as a smear is used very widely and is used frequently. This is one of the main standard procedures to help assess the condition of the organs of the reproductive system in women.

Of course, absolutely all pathologies cannot be detected using this diagnostic method, but at least many of them can be suspected based on the smear results. That is why the analysis is paramount: it allows you to determine the course of further diagnostics, to select deeper and more informative research methods.

What do they pay attention to when deciphering the analysis?

Smear analysis allows you to evaluate the following indicators: leukocytes, squamous epithelial cells, key cells, mucus in the biomaterial, as well as the content of normal, pathogenic and opportunistic flora. The latter category includes yeasts of the genus Candida. From pathogenic microorganisms, using a smear on the flora, Trichomonas and gonococci can be detected.

A very important diagnostic indicator is the content of leukocytes. These cells of the immune system protect the body from foreign agents, whether they are microorganisms or destroyed or altered own structural elements.

It is leukocytes or white blood cells that rush to the pathological focus of inflammation in the body, wherever it is. And if the pathology develops in the organs of the reproductive system, these cells will go there.

In women, leukocytes in a smear on the flora are always present, and their norm is a rather arbitrary concept. The fact is that in different parts of the genitourinary system, their permissible value differs. Most of the white blood cells in the cervical region; their smallest content is normally noted in the urethra.

However, for the diagnosis of inflammatory processes, it is important to evaluate not so much the number of leukocytes as their morphology. This is due to the fact that white blood cells, which have fulfilled their function of “cleansing” the body of pathogens, are destroyed. These white blood cells are called neutrophils.

• Accordingly, the more of them in the smear, the stronger the inflammatory reaction.

In addition, it is important to take into account the fact that the concentration of white blood cells during the menstrual cycle changes under the influence of sex hormones, so if the leukocytes in the smear are slightly elevated, this is not necessarily a sign of a serious pathology.

In any case, the content of these cells should only be assessed in conjunction with other diagnostic criteria: the composition of normal flora and opportunistic microorganisms, the presence or absence of pathogenic bacteria, the number of epithelial and key cells.

As noted above, diagnostic material for a smear on the flora is collected from three points - the cervix, urethra and vagina.

And in each smear obtained, similar indicators are evaluated, but the norms of some of them differ depending on the area of ​​localization. Below is a table explaining what is the norm for the content of leukocytes, normal and pathogenic flora, cellular elements and mucus in a smear in women.

A smear that fully corresponds to the parameters of the norm is a rather rare phenomenon. However, minor deviations from the norm are allowed when it comes to the vagina. The urethra and cervix, if there are no pathologies, must be sterile - there should not be any microflora there. In relation to the vagina, the situation is ambiguous.

Depending on the content of various microorganisms, 4 degrees of purity are distinguished.

An ideal smear that does not contain leukocytes and pathogenic flora corresponds to the first. However, most women cannot boast of such results. Often in the vaginal discharge, individual leukocytes are found within the normal range (up to 10 pcs.), A small content epithelial cells and opportunistic bacteria. Such a picture is not characterized as pathological, and the smear belongs to the second degree of purity.

If gram-variable coccal flora, gram-negative rods or yeast cells are found in the vaginal discharge against the background of a decrease in the concentration of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria (Doderlein sticks), this is a reason for further diagnosis. Such a smear is referred to the third degree of purity. Leukocytes in it exceed the norm, and also contains a lot of mucus.

In a smear of the fourth degree of purity of the Doderlein sticks (normoflora), there is very little or none at all, leukocytes cover the entire field of view, the content of mucus and epithelial cells is increased. In addition, pathogenic microorganisms are found in large numbers. This condition requires prompt treatment.

Causes of elevated leukocytes in a smear

If leukocytes are increased in a woman's smear, the reasons for this are associated with inflammatory processes. The greater the concentration of these cells, the more pronounced the process. However, this indicator should be evaluated in conjunction with other diagnostic aspects.

For example, an increase in mucus content is noted with the development of infections. So the body seeks to "clear itself" of pathogens. An increase in the number of epithelial cells, as well as leukocytes, warns of inflammation.

According to some laboratories, the content of these elements is allowed up to 10 in the field of view, but this indicator varies depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle and interpret its meanings without regard to others diagnostic features it does not follow.

The key cells are called epithelial cells dotted with gardnerella bacteria. This is the so-called "bacterial sand". If such cells are detected in a smear, there is a high probability of developing bacterial vaginosis (gardnerellosis).

The detection of a large number of candida in a smear against the background of inhibition of normal flora is a sign of thrush. This is due to the fact that with a decrease in the concentration of Doderlein sticks that produce lactic acid, the pH of the vagina rises.

This condition leads to the active growth of opportunistic flora, including Candida. In an acidic environment, these microorganisms cannot multiply, and thus bifidobacteria and lactobacilli inhibit the process of vaginal colonization.

Gonococci and Trichomonas are pathogenic microorganisms. Under no circumstances should they be in the smear. The detection of these bacteria signals the development of gonorrhea or trichomoniasis.

Conception triggers a cascade of processes in a woman's body, and for all of them to proceed smoothly, a balanced work of the endocrine organs that produce hormones is important. Changing their balance causes powerful changes in the work of organs and systems.

So, sex hormones - progesterone and estrogens - stimulate the work of squamous epithelial cells. They begin to actively synthesize glycogen, which supports the reproduction of normoflora. By destroying this compound, Doderlein sticks produce a large amount of lactic acid, which acidifies the environment, and thus provides protection against infections.

However, against the background of a physiological decrease in immunity during pregnancy, this measure is often not enough. Many future mothers, when the balance of hormones changes, begin to suffer from thrush or other pathologies caused by opportunistic microorganisms.

Against this background, an increased content of leukocytes is noted in the smear. Often the concentration of such cells in the vagina in pregnant women exceeds the norm - up to 10 pcs. in one field of view.

• If their content is not more than 15-20, and the expectant mother does not experience any signs of pathology, and the rest of the smear indicators are normal, you should not worry.

It is important to note that the concentration of leukocytes in the urethra and cervix should not change. The norms of these indicators are the same as for non-pregnant women. Elevated white blood cells in the urethra - a sign of inflammation. This condition requires diagnosis and treatment.

During pregnancy, the white blood cell count should be monitored especially carefully, as it warns of the manifestation of pathologies. chronic course. It is better for a future mother to undergo an examination once again.

Proper preparation for a smear test

Like most diagnostic studies in medicine, a flora smear requires preparation. Going to the gynecologist, a woman should remember that the result of the analysis will be reliable only if the following recommendations are followed:

• observe sexual rest before the delivery of the biomaterial for at least 2 days;
• refuse to use lubricants, vaginal suppositories, creams on the eve of the study;
• do not wash with the use of gels and other means for intimate hygiene;
• refrain from taking the test after a course of antibiotics (at least 10 days);
• do not urinate less than 2 hours before visiting the gynecologist;
• do not take the test during menstruation.

Intimacy, any means local application, antibiotics distort data on the real state of the microbial biocenosis of the genitourinary system in a woman.

In the process of urination, diagnostically significant objects of research are washed off: cellular elements, microorganisms, which also changes the overall picture. Menstruation, on the other hand, makes it difficult to obtain material for diagnosis - it will be "contaminated" by a large number of red blood cells.

Indications for taking a smear

A smear in women involves taking biomaterial not only from the vaginal mucosa. Samples for analysis are also taken from the urethra, cervix.

This diagnostic procedure every woman after the onset of sexual activity should take place regularly: at least 1 time per year. In addition to preventive examinations, a smear should also be taken during pregnancy. If there are no alarming symptoms, the expectant mother will have to undergo this procedure twice: at the very beginning of pregnancy when registering and in the third trimester, after 30 weeks.

However, a weighty reason for taking a smear is the appearance in any woman of both a pregnant woman and no following symptoms:

• change in color and consistency of secretions;
• the appearance of discomfort during urination;
• itching in the groin area;
• unpleasant odor of discharge;
• burning sensation in the vagina;
• abdominal pain at rest or during intimacy.

In addition, it should be remembered that prolonged antibiotic treatment can affect the vaginal microflora in a negative way: cause the death of beneficial bacteria, which will be replaced by opportunistic inhabitants. Against this background, candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis often develop and they can be diagnosed using a smear on the flora. That is why it is advisable to take such an analysis after completing a course of antibiotic therapy.

A smear for flora is a simple and fairly informative analysis that a doctor takes in women and men of all ages both for the purposes of routine diagnostics and in the case of acute or “erased” symptoms.

It allows you to assess the state of the microflora of the urogenital tract, to determine the presence of certain inflammatory diseases, infections, viruses.

Some doctors say that this analysis does not require special preparation, however, this is not so. For the reliability of the results, the patient is recommended do not go to the toilet for 2-3 hours as urine can wash away everything pathogenic bacteria and infections, it will be difficult for your doctor to determine the causes of your pathological condition.

Douching, vaginal suppositories and antibacterial soap also contribute to unreliable indicators. Women it is necessary to take this analysis after the end of menstruation, and besides, all patients should refrain from any sexual contact 2 days before taking the biomaterial.

How is the analysis given?

The analysis is most often taken by a doctor when you come to him for a regular appointment at a polyclinic or when you simply go to a paid laboratory where obstetricians and medical staff take biomaterial from you.

The pap smear procedure is completely painless.

Among women a gynecologist, obstetrician or any other medical worker lightly draws a special disposable spatula in the form of a stick at three points - vagina, urethra and cervical canal.

In men the urologist or another doctor inserts a special disposable probe into the urethra, rotates around the axis several times and takes an analysis. It is believed that the study does not cause pain, however, this does not exclude the negligence of the doctor, as well as individual sensitivity or the presence of a particular disease, which can cause discomfort.

Research price

The results of a flora smear are usually ready the next day, as the study is not specific and complex, so you can pick up your tests fairly quickly. smear on flora really considered a fairly simple study that can be done in a regular clinic is free. However, if the deadlines are running out or you simply do not trust the doctors from the clinic, then you don’t have to worry - a swab for the flora is taken in any paid medical laboratory.

Research costs vary. from 440 to 550 rubles and besides, you can pay separately for taking medical worker biomaterial. The total will be approx. 900-1000 rubles.

The norm of smear results on flora in women

A smear on flora examines indicators such as leukocytes, epithelium, microflora, infections (trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, candidiasis), mucus and key cells. Let's figure out what it means norm and pathology in this analysis and how to decipher it.

When you receive a form with the results, you usually see such a table, where the following characters are indicated in Latin letters on top: "U", "V", "C", which literally means urethra (urethra), vagina and cervical canal. Often they are written in full like this: "uretra", "vagina", "canalis cervicalis". Normally, the smear analysis indicators for flora in women should look like this:

Are you testing in a private clinic?

YesNot

Deviations from the norm of any indicators may indicate a pathological process or inflammation, but in order to prescribe treatment to the patient and make a diagnosis, the doctor needs to interpret the results of the study as a whole. A slight excess or underestimation of the indicators can be considered by the doctor as an individual norm, but this is only permissible if there are no patient complaints, otherwise additional tests or a re-examination should be carried out.

Deciphering the results in women

For the urethra, vagina, cervical canal, as mentioned above, there are normal performance. For the urethra: leukocytes should be in the normal range 0 to 5 in the field of view, epithelium moderate or from 5 to 10 or 15 in the field of view, mucus should be absent, any infections (candidiasis, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea) and bacteria should not be normal.

Increasing performance leukocytes and epithelium in the urethra indicates an inflammatory process or urethritis, urolithiasis, mechanical damage to the urethra with a stone, sand or foreign object, which requires immediate medical attention. Revealing , Trichomonas and Candida fungi indicates specific urethritis. Increased slime in the analysis is possible due to violation of hygiene rules, improper collection of biomaterial.

For the vagina: leukocytes fine must be 0 to 10 in view. However, during pregnancy leukocytes can increase, and therefore the allowable rate in this case will be from 0 to 20 leukocytes in p / o.

The epithelium must be moderate or 5 to 10 in sight, and mucus in moderate quantity. Infections (Trichomonas, Candida fungi,) normally absent, key cells too, and the microflora should be rod in large or moderate amounts. An increase in the number of leukocytes in a smear indicates an inflammatory process in the vagina, which happens with the following diseases:

• colpitis;
• vaginitis,
• vulvoginitis (especially in girls under 14 years old);
• urethritis;
• cervicitis (inflammation of the cervix);
• oophritis (inflammation of the ovaries);
• andexitis (inflammation of the uterine appendages);
• sexual infection.

Excess Quantity squamous epithelium is also a sign of an inflammatory process. A slight increase in indicators is acceptable at a certain phase of the menstrual cycle, when the hormone estrogen begins to increase. decline the number of epithelial cells occurs in women during the period menopause, as the production of the hormone estrogen begins to decline sharply.

Mucus in large quantities indirectly indicates an inflammatory process or non-compliance with hygiene rules. The microflora of the vagina should be normal rod, which is represented by bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, which protect the body from infection and inflammatory diseases.

At pregnancy lactobacilli increase even more, since during such a period the body's defenses are activated. A decrease in lactobacilli means vaginal dysbiosis (vaginal dysbiosis).

• ovarian hyperfunction;
• inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs;
• venereal diseases;
• vaginal dysbiosis;
• beginning or end of menstruation.

coccobacillary microflora indicates an imbalance of bacteria in the microflora of the vagina, where pathogenic bacilli and cocci begin to predominate. The presence of such microflora indicates bacterial vaginosis or STIs. coccal flora often happens when inflammatory diseases vagina, urethra, bacterial vaginosis (dysbacteriosis), etc. The usual violation of the microflora of the vagina cannot be any diagnosis.

Key cells, or rather their presence in a smear indicate gardenellosis or vaginal dysbiosis. For the cervical canal: leukocytes should be normal 0 to 15 or 30 in the field of view, epithelium moderate, a microflora, key cells, candida, trichomanads should be absent.

An increase in the number of leukocytes, epithelium indicates an inflammatory process of the pelvic organs, the presence of cancer, genital infections. Revealing fungus candida, trichomanas requires immediate treatment with antibiotics, as they should normally be absent.

The norm in men

In men, a smear on the flora is taken to study the amount leukocytes, epithelium, the presence of cocci, gonocci, trichomanads, mucus, microflora. For diagnosis, only detachable from the urethra (urethra). The results of the analyzes are also usually presented in the form of a table, where one column indicates the parameters studied, and the other - the results obtained. In men, the norm of smear results for flora is presented as follows:

Deviations from the norm are a serious reason to consult an andrologist or urologist, who will accurately diagnose and prescribe treatment. It should again be noted that laboratory reference values ​​must be taken into account, which can be indicated nearby in the right column.

Deciphering the results of men

In the results of a smear on the flora in men, it is normal the number of leukocytes should be from 0 to 5 per field of view, epithelium from 5 to 10 per field of view, cocci are present in a single quantity, mucus in moderation, and Trichomanas, gonococci, fungi are absent.

Deviations from the above norms indicate a pathological process or inflammation. Leukocytes- one of the main indicators that indicate to the doctor the degree of inflammation and pathology of the organs of the urogenital tract. They can be elevated in the following diseases:

• specific or nonspecific urethritis;
• prostatitis;
• urolithiasis disease;
• the presence of benign and malignant neoplasms;
• stricture (narrowing) of the urethra.

An increase in the epithelium also indicates an inflammatory process or urolithiasis, and the detection of cocci is approximately above 4-5 in the field of view means the presence of acute or chronic non-specific urethritis caused by opportunistic bacteria. Slime in large quantities, it also indirectly indicates inflammation, but with other normal indicators, it can talk about sluggish urethritis, prostatitis.

Presence in analysis gonococci, trichomands, Candida fungi testifies in favor of specific urethritis and, accordingly, diseases of gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, candidiasis. In any case, the doctor must take into account all smear indicators for further diagnosis and treatment.

Analysis Disadvantages

In conclusion, it is worth noting that the main drawback of smear analysis for flora is inability to detect sexually transmitted infections in a patient, but in any case, the doctor should evaluate your condition, symptoms and smear results.

A smear for flora can be called verified and in a simple way studies of diseases of the urogenital tract, but not the only and not fundamental in the formulation of a particular diagnosis.

Doctors often call this study"outdated", "ineffective" and when patients are admitted, they immediately begin to take other, more modern analyzes, which, in their opinion, show in more detail clinical picture. This is entirely the decision of the doctor and does not detract from the very specifics of the study. However, a standard swab for flora in any case does not lose its relevance, and its diagnostic value is still quite high and in demand.