What Every Soldier Should Know in Combat. Lesson progress

Guidelines for organizing and conducting tactical training classes

1. General requirements

In tactical training at the stage of coordinating units, the main form of training is tactical drills.

Tactical combat exercises are the first and necessary step in the combat coordination of subunits. Their essence lies in the fact that the subdivisions work out the technique of performing techniques and methods of action in various types combat, first by elements at a slow pace, and then as a whole within the time limits established by the standards. Insufficiently mastered elements of the reception and the reception as a whole should be repeated until the trainees learn to perform them correctly, in a coordinated manner and at the time established by the standard.

The tactical environment for conducting a tactical combat lesson can be created to work out each training issue (standard) separately and not be associated with a single plan. It should not be difficult, but provide quality training for subordinates.

During these classes, officers and sergeants improve their skills in managing subordinate units by issuing short orders, commands and signals, and also determine the level and quality of training of units without additional control sessions.

Tactical combat exercises can be conducted "on foot in a machine way" or in armament and equipment. Shortcomings identified during the training of squads (crews) are eliminated at the initial stage of training platoons, and those identified during the training of platoons - at the initial stage of training companies and battalions, respectively.

Direct commanders organize and conduct tactical drills with subunits.

It is possible to conduct tactical drill exercises on a tactical training field or on unequipped terrain. The most effective and instructive are those classes that are held on the training tactical field, where along with targets, engineering structures, barriers and destruction areas, sound effects of the battle can also be used. When conducting exercises on unequipped terrain, targets from a company tactical kit or a group of military personnel (2-4 people) with targets and imitation means are used to mark the enemy, who, after working out each training issue or its element, by order of the head of the lesson, are moved to a new area to create tactical environment for the next training question. In addition, tactical combat exercises can also be carried out using laser firing and defeat simulators (LISP).

The duration of tactical combat training is set by the leader based on the goals set, and can be 2-4 hours. The main method of training in tactical combat training is an exercise (training) in the implementation of techniques and methods of action on the battlefield (in the process of developing tactical standards). Explanation and demonstration may also apply.

2. Preparation for tactical combat exercises

Preparing classes . The instructiveness and effectiveness of classes largely depends on the quality of their preparation. It is a set of activities carried out by the unit commander on the eve of classes and includes:

Personal preparation of the leader for the lesson;

Definition (clarification) of initial data;

The choice of the area (area) for the lesson;

Development of a lesson plan;

Preparation of trainees, the area of ​​the lesson and the means of logistics for the lesson.

In each case, the volume and content of the activities carried out will be determined by the experience of the leader and his methodological skills.

Leader training to conduct classes is carried out at demonstrative, instructor-methodical classes, training camps and briefings. The main method of preparation is independent work. It is necessary to start independent work by studying the guidance documents. Familiarization with these documents will help the class leader to determine the chapters and articles of the combat manual, manuals and manuals that need to be further studied or repeated.

Preparing for the lesson, the unit commander evaluates the level of training of the personnel and the unit as a whole and, taking this into account, determines the training goals.

Initial data for tactical combat training are:

Learning goals;

Venue and composition of trainees;

Time (day, night) and duration;

The number of weapons, military equipment and imitation means.

The head of the lesson takes all this data from the Plan and Program of combat training, the schedule of classes and instructions from the direct commander. In addition, these data can be refined during demonstrative, instructor-methodical sessions, briefings, and when the subunit commander sums up the results of combat training for the past week and sets tasks for the next.

It is advisable to start working on the initial data with an understanding of the topic of the lesson. This is due to the fact that each topic of tactical training, as a rule, includes several tactical drills. Therefore, the leader needs to understand the general theme in order to understand the tactical situation against which the lesson will take place.

In the Combat Training Program, and consequently in the schedule of classes, the content of each tactical drill lesson is disclosed in the form of training questions. This makes the job of the leader easier. Depending on the level of training of the trainees and the allocated means of material and technical support, he can clarify the duration of the training questions and, on this basis, correctly determine how and where to start the lesson, where and how to finish it, and also, based on the topic of the lesson, correctly determine the learning goals. .

Having understood the topic and content of the lesson, the leader determines its goals. At the same time, it is necessary to carefully analyze the level of training of personnel and the unit as a whole. This will allow the commander to correctly determine the training objectives of the lesson, will have a direct impact on the content of the plan and on the allocation of time for a particular training issue. Besides, importance will also have the correct formulation of learning objectives, which should answer the question of why this lesson is being held and what results should be achieved during its implementation. Moreover, the objectives of the lesson should be specific and aimed at improving the quality of training of the unit on this topic.

The achievement of the set goals of the lesson is facilitated by the correct definition of its duration and the calculation of the time for working out training questions. Every minute of training time must be strictly calculated and used for training personnel.

When solving this problem, it is necessary to proceed from the degree of importance of each educational issue and the level of methodological skill of the leader. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the fact that it is necessary to allocate most of the study time to work out the most important and complex issues.

The total duration of the lesson should ensure not only the development of all training issues, but also include the movement of the unit to the place of employment and return to the location.

When moving to the place of employment and back against the background of a tactical situation, they can work out individual issues according to topography (for example, movement in azimuth), to repeat previously worked out tactics, standards, to conduct associated physical training, etc. At the same time, you should always remember that the time allotted for classes is designed mainly for learning to perform new techniques and methods of action.

Skillful choice of area for the lesson , taking into account its size and the nature of the terrain. He, as a rule, is selected on the training tactical field or near the point of permanent deployment in order to spend less time moving to the training area and back. Moreover, it is necessary to be guided by the following provision: tactical exercises should be carried out on a tactical training field, and tactical drills, in addition, on any other area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe terrain. The size and nature of the unequipped terrain should ensure the qualitative development of the planned educational issues and the greatest instructiveness of the lesson. So, for example, in order to work out issues of offensive combat, the occupation area should provide the possibility of covert advancement of the unit to the line of transition to the attack, its deployment in pre-battle and combat formation, the swiftness of the attack, mastering the object of attack (combat mission), maneuvering in the depths of the enemy’s defense and etc.

On the "enemy" side, the terrain must be equipped in engineering terms, taking into account the tactics of his actions, have the required number of targets and models of weapons and military equipment.

When conducting classes on defensive topics, the terrain should contribute to right choice positions and strongholds, the secret location of units and the conduct of camouflage measures, protection from modern means defeat, the organization of the fire system and good observation of the actions of their units and the enemy.

To work out reconnaissance issues, actions on the march and in marching security, the terrain is selected in such a way that there are local objects and various obstacles on the route of movement and away from it, necessitating their inspection and overcoming (forest, open areas, ravines, heights, groves, settlements, destroyed and swampy sections of roads, water barriers, bridges, etc.).

In combat, depending on the nature of the terrain, the conditions of the situation, and the impact of enemy fire, a soldier, when operating on foot, can move at an accelerated pace or run (at full height or crouching), running and crawling.

Ways to move a soldier in battle

In combat, depending on the nature of the terrain, the conditions of the situation, and the impact of enemy fire, a soldier, when operating on foot, can move at an accelerated pace or run (at full height or crouching), running and crawling.

Areas hidden from observation and enemy fire are overcome at an accelerated pace or run. The pace of accelerated walking is on average 130-140 steps per minute, step length is 80-90 cm.

Step lengthening is achieved due to faster and more complete extension of the standing leg behind and greater extension of the other leg with the hip forward. Long-term movement at an accelerated pace is tiring, therefore, with high-speed movement, it is advisable to use alternating walking and running. In the same way, the soldier moves during the attack. In this case, the weapon is held in position for the immediate opening of fire.

For covert movement in terrain with low shelters (low bushes, tall grass, ditch, etc.), crouching is used. With this method of movement, it is necessary to bend the knees, move the body forward, look ahead and move with a wide step. All movements are performed freely, without tension.

Depending on the nature of the terrain, movement on it has its own characteristics. Movement up the slope is made with a shortened step with the body tilted forward. With a large steepness, the ascent should be made in zigzags, that is, move alternately right and left side to the slope on slightly bent legs, resting the edges of the soles and heels on the ledges of the mountain. Steep climbs can also be climbed straight, holding hands on branches, bushes, tufts of thick grass, etc., placing the legs on the entire foot in a herringbone pattern (with toes spread apart).

Moving down the squabble is done with a free step with the foot on the heel, tilting the body back. Descent along steep slopes can be done sideways, with side steps, if possible, holding on to the unevenness of the slope with your hand.

Movement on viscous or slippery ground is done in short steps; legs should be rearranged quickly so that they do not have time to sink deep into the soil or slide off the support. It is necessary to put the foot on the entire foot and try to choose more solid areas for support (bumps, furrows, protrusions, roots, etc.).

Running can be used to overcome certain areas of the terrain (slow, high-speed and at an average pace).

Slow running is used for long distances. When running, the body leans forward slightly more than when walking. The pace of running is 150-165 steps per minute with a stride length of 70-90 cm.

Running at an average pace is done with a free swing step. At the same time, the body is held with a slight inclination forward. Rapid forward movement is ensured by an energetic rear push, after which the leg, bent at the knee, is carried forward with the hip up and placed on the entire foot. The shin should not be carried much forward, and the foot should not be placed on the ground far from the projection of the center of gravity, since with such a placement of the leg on the ground, the braking effect of the front push, directed in the opposite direction, increases. Running pace - 165-180 steps per minute, stride length - 85 - 90 cm.

High-speed running is used when running, when running out of shelters to combat and transport vehicles, when taking a run before overcoming obstacles.

The body leans forward more than when running at an average pace, and the repulsion of the leg and the movement of the arms are more energetic. An increase in the length of the step is provided by the rear push with the foot and the rapid removal of it with the hip forward. The leg after repulsion is carried forward upward bent at the knee and gently placed on the front of the foot, followed by support on the entire foot. The pace of running is 180-200 steps per minute, the stride length is 120-150 cm.

Dashing is used to quickly approach the enemy in open areas.

To run from a prone position, you must first put the weapon on the safety lock, outline the path of movement and a sheltered stopping place on a preliminary command, then, on the executive command, quickly jump up, as when executing the “Get up” command, and quickly run to the intended place. At the place of a stop with a run, lie down on the ground, crawl a little to the side, and having reached the place indicated in the command, in addition, get ready for firing.

The length of the dash between stops depends on the terrain and enemy fire and should be on average 20-40 paces. The more open the area and the stronger the fire, the faster and shorter the dash should be.

Crawling is used to quietly approach the enemy and covertly overcome areas of terrain that have little cover, uneven terrain and are under observation or shelling of the enemy.

Depending on the situation, the terrain and the fire, crawling is done in a plastunsky way, on half-fours and on the side. As before the dash, you must first outline the path of movement and the shelter of the place to stop.

When moving at a run, at an accelerated pace, and when rushing, the weapon is held with one or two hands, as it is more convenient.

To crawl in a plastunsky way, you need to lie down firmly on the ground, take the weapon by the belt at the top swivel with your right hand and put it on your forearm right hand. Pull up the right (left) leg and at the same time extend the left (right) arm as far as possible, pushing off with a bent leg, move forward, pull up the other leg, stretch out the other arm and continue moving in the same order. When crawling, do not raise your head high.

To crawl on half-fours, kneel down and lean on your forearm or on your hands. Pull the bent right (left) leg under the chest, at the same time stretch the left (right) arm forward. Move the body forward until the right (left) leg is fully extended, while pulling the other under you bent leg, and, stretching out the other hand, continue to move in the same order. Keep weapons: when relying on the forearms - the same as when crawling in a plastunsky way; when resting on the hands - in the right hand.

To crawl on your side, lie on your left side, pulling your left leg forward, bent at the knee, lean on the forearm of your left hand, with your right foot rest your heel on the ground as close as possible to yourself; unbending right leg, move the body forward without changing the position to continue moving in the same order. Hold the weapon with the right hand, placing it on the thigh of the left leg.

Textbook / Ministry of Defense of the USSR

TACTICAL TRAINING

Reference abstract

Topic

Actions of a soldier in battle

Questions:

Combined arms combat, types of combat

General duties of a soldier in combat

Rules of International Humanitarian Law

Guidelines for organizing and conducting tactical training classes

1. General requirements

In tactical training at the stage of coordinating units, the main form of training is tactical drills.

Tactical combat exercises are the first and necessary step in the combat coordination of subunits. Their essence consists in the fact that the subunits work out the technique of performing techniques and methods of action in various types of combat, first by elements at a slow pace, and then as a whole within the time limits established by the standards. Insufficiently mastered elements of the reception and the reception as a whole should be repeated until the trainees learn to perform them correctly, in a coordinated manner and at the time established by the standard.

The tactical environment for conducting a tactical combat lesson can be created to work out each training issue (standard) separately and not be associated with a single plan. It should not be difficult, but provide quality training for subordinates.

During these classes, officers and sergeants improve their skills in managing subordinate units by issuing short orders, commands and signals, and also determine the level and quality of training of units without additional control sessions.

Tactical combat exercises can be conducted "on foot in a machine way" or in armament and equipment. Shortcomings identified during the training of squads (crews) are eliminated at the initial stage of training platoons, and those identified during the training of platoons - at the initial stage of training companies and battalions, respectively.

Direct commanders organize and conduct tactical drills with subunits.

It is possible to conduct tactical drill exercises on a tactical training field or on unequipped terrain. The most effective and instructive are those classes that are held on the training tactical field, where along with targets, engineering structures, barriers and destruction areas, sound effects of the battle can also be used. When conducting exercises on unequipped terrain, targets from a company tactical kit or a group of military personnel (2-4 people) with targets and imitation means are used to mark the enemy, who, after working out each training issue or its element, by order of the head of the lesson, are moved to a new area to create tactical environment for the next training question. In addition, tactical combat exercises can also be carried out using laser firing and defeat simulators (LISP).

The duration of tactical combat training is set by the leader based on the goals set, and can be 2-4 hours. The main method of training in tactical combat training is an exercise (training) in the implementation of techniques and methods of action on the battlefield (in the process of developing tactical standards). Explanation and demonstration may also apply.

2. Preparation for tactical combat exercises

Preparing classes . The instructiveness and effectiveness of classes largely depends on the quality of their preparation. It is a set of activities carried out by the unit commander on the eve of classes and includes:

personal preparation of the leader for the lesson;

definition (clarification) of initial data;

selection of the area (area) for the lesson;

development of a lesson plan;

preparation of trainees, the area of ​​the lesson and the means of logistics for the lesson.

In each case, the volume and content of the activities carried out will be determined by the experience of the leader and his methodological skills.

Leader training to conduct classes is carried out at demonstrative, instructor-methodical classes, training camps and briefings. The main method of preparation is independent work. It is necessary to start independent work by studying the guidance documents. Familiarization with these documents will help the class leader to determine the chapters and articles of the combat manual, manuals and manuals that need to be further studied or repeated.

Preparing for the lesson, the unit commander evaluates the level of training of the personnel and the unit as a whole and, taking this into account, determines the training goals.

Initial data for tactical combat training are:

learning goals;

venue and composition of trainees;

time (day, night) and duration;

the number of weapons, military equipment and imitation means.

The head of the lesson takes all this data from the Plan and Program of combat training, the schedule of classes and instructions from the direct commander. In addition, these data can be refined during demonstrative, instructor-methodical sessions, briefings, and when the subunit commander sums up the results of combat training for the past week and sets tasks for the next.

It is advisable to start working on the initial data with an understanding of the topic of the lesson. This is due to the fact that each topic of tactical training, as a rule, includes several tactical drills. Therefore, the leader needs to understand the general theme in order to understand the tactical situation against which the lesson will take place.

In the Combat Training Program, and consequently in the schedule of classes, the content of each tactical drill lesson is disclosed in the form of training questions. This makes the job of the leader easier. Depending on the level of training of the trainees and the allocated means of material and technical support, he can clarify the duration of the training questions and, on this basis, correctly determine how and where to start the lesson, where and how to finish it, and also, based on the topic of the lesson, correctly determine the learning goals. .

Having understood the topic and content of the lesson, the leader determines its goals. At the same time, it is necessary to carefully analyze the level of training of personnel and the unit as a whole. This will allow the commander to correctly determine the training objectives of the lesson, will have a direct impact on the content of the plan and on the allocation of time for a particular training issue. In addition, the correct formulation of learning objectives will also be important, which should answer the question of why this lesson is being held and what results should be achieved during its implementation. Moreover, the objectives of the lesson should be specific and aimed at improving the quality of training of the unit on this topic.

The achievement of the set goals of the lesson is facilitated by the correct definition of its duration and the calculation of the time for working out training questions. Every minute of training time must be strictly calculated and used for training personnel.

When solving this problem, it is necessary to proceed from the degree of importance of each educational issue and the level of methodological skill of the leader. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the fact that it is necessary to allocate most of the study time to work out the most important and complex issues.

The total duration of the lesson should ensure not only the development of all training issues, but also include the movement of the unit to the place of employment and return to the location.

When moving to the place of employment and back, against the background of a tactical situation, individual questions on topography (for example, movement in azimuth) can be worked out, previously worked out tactics, standards can be repeated, physical training can be carried out along the way, etc. At the same time, you should always remember that the time allotted for classes is designed mainly for learning to perform new techniques and methods of action.

Skillful choice of area for the lesson , taking into account its size and the nature of the terrain. He, as a rule, is selected on the training tactical field or near the point of permanent deployment in order to spend less time moving to the training area and back. Moreover, it is necessary to be guided by the following provision: tactical exercises should be carried out on a tactical training field, and tactical drills, in addition, on any other area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe terrain. The size and nature of the unequipped terrain should ensure the qualitative development of the planned educational issues and the greatest instructiveness of the lesson. So, for example, in order to work out issues of offensive combat, the occupation area should provide the possibility of covert advancement of the unit to the line of transition to the attack, its deployment in pre-battle and combat formation, the swiftness of the attack, mastering the object of attack (combat mission), maneuvering in the depths of the enemy’s defense and etc.

On the "enemy" side, the terrain must be equipped in engineering terms, taking into account the tactics of his actions, have the required number of targets and models of weapons and military equipment.

When conducting exercises on defensive topics, the terrain should facilitate the correct choice of positions and strong points, the covert location of units and the conduct of camouflage measures, protection against modern weapons, the organization of the fire system and good observation of the actions of their units and the enemy.

To work out reconnaissance issues, actions on the march and in marching security, the terrain is selected in such a way that on the route of movement and away from it there are local objects and various obstacles that make it necessary to inspect and overcome them (forest, open areas, ravines, heights, groves, settlements, destroyed and swampy sections of roads, water barriers, bridges, etc.).

The area of ​​the lesson should include: the place where the lesson is supposed to start, the strip of terrain on which the actions of the parties will take place when working out the questions of the topic, the place (district) of the end of the lesson.

Reconnaissance of the occupation area regardless of where it is carried out (on a training tactical field or on an unfamiliar piece of terrain), it must be carried out without fail. It should not be neglected, relying on knowledge of the terrain, even if the lesson will take place on a training tactical field (some of its objects may be out of order). defense, reconnaissance and offensive.

When conducting reconnaissance of the occupation area, the leader should clarify:

the place where you want to start the lesson;

what tactical situation to create and what questions to work out when advancing to the occupation area, in what sector, what question it is advisable to work out and what tactical situation to create;

the procedure for using the equipment of the training tactical field, what work needs to be carried out to prepare the terrain (training tactical field) and what is required for this;

the order of designation of enemy actions;

safety requirements during the lesson.

Based on the clarification (clarification) of the initial data and the reconnaissance carried out, the head proceeds to development of a plan for conducting a tactical drill lesson .

The plan is a working document and can be drawn up in a workbook or on separate sheets. The plan should address the following questions:

learning goals;

• the location of the lesson;

  material support;

  guides and manuals;

  course of the lesson.

The plan consists of textual and graphic parts. The textual part of the tactical-combat lesson sets out educational issues and the time for their development, the actions of the leader, the actions of the trainees.

Training questions are set out in the order they are worked out, indicating the time allotted for their study. In the column "Actions of the leader" it is stated:

the order of work of the leader in the development of educational issues;

for what elements and what techniques or actions will be worked out separately, and then together, indicating the time for working out one or another element, including standards;

analysis of the lesson.

It must be remembered that the place where one element (training question) ends is the starting point for the next one.

In the graphical part of the tactical drill lesson, colored pencils for each question display the initial tactical situation and the possible (most acceptable) nature of the trainees' actions during its development, as well as the position of the trained unit and the enemy at the beginning of its development, etc.

In addition, the plan outlines the questions that will be worked out when the unit moves to its original position for occupation and when returning to the point of deployment or when moving to a new place of employment.

The plan for conducting tactical drill exercises is approved by:

battalion commander - in three or four days;

company (platoon) commander - in two or three days.

At the same time, the approval of the plan should become an additional form of training the leader of the lesson, since the senior commander, studying the presented plan and talking with the leader, determines the degree of his preparedness and, if necessary, gives him methodological advice and recommendations on conducting and logistical support of the lesson.

After the plan is approved, the lesson leader gives instructions to subordinate commanders on the preparation of weapons and military equipment, logistics, communications, etc., organizes the training of personnel for the upcoming lesson.

Personnel training subunits for tactical drill exercises are carried out under the guidance of squad (tank) and platoon commanders during self-training hours, which are planned in the company schedule.

This preparation usually includes:

study or repetition of individual articles of the Combat Regulations, instructions, control signals, duties officials in various types of combat, conditions and time indicators of standards for tactical training and other subjects of training, subject to development and training in their implementation;

preparation of weapons, military equipment and protective equipment.

3. Carrying out tactical drills

Before going to the lesson, the unit commander builds it, checks the availability and equipment of personnel, weapons, logistics, as well as the trainees' knowledge of safety requirements. In addition, he is obliged to establish the necessary safety requirements during the lesson.

A tactical combat exercise may begin directly at the location of the unit or in the initial area. In the first case, advancement to the initial area and return to the location of the unit is carried out against the background of a tactical situation and is used to consolidate previously studied or to practice individual tactics and methods of action on the topic of this lesson.

Upon arrival at the lesson area, the leader builds a unit in two lines, announces the topic, the learning objectives of the lesson, the procedure for conducting it and the first educational question. It is possible to check the knowledge of the personnel of the theoretical provisions on the topic of the lesson.

Then the leader recalls the techniques and actions to be worked out, introduces the trainees to the tactical situation, indicates to the subordinate commanders the places for training, orders the subunits to be withdrawn to the indicated places. With the occupation of training places, the units, on the command of the head, begin to work out the first educational issue and its first element.

The squad (tank) commander, having arrived with the personnel at the place indicated by the platoon commander, announces to the trainees the procedure for working out the issue by elements, shows personally (or involving the most trained soldiers) the implementation of the element with brief explanations and proceeds to work it out. The place of the commander should be chosen in such a way as to ensure observation of the actions of the trainees during the development of each technique.

The development of each element begins in slow motion, while the main attention is paid to the correctness of its implementation. Subsequently, the pace gradually increases until the time set by the relevant standard. Mistakes made by trainees must be corrected in a timely and skillful manner.

Having discovered common mistakes in the actions of the personnel, the squad (tank) commander stops the trainees, calls them to him, points out the mistakes made, explains, and if necessary, shows how to perform certain actions, and continues training until until the errors are fixed.

If mistakes are made by individual students, then everyone should not be stopped. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to the identified shortcomings only to those trainees who made mistakes, and to achieve their elimination in the process of working out subsequent actions.

Training can be carried out using various methodological techniques:

to teach every soldier;

• teach one, but train all.

Having finished training soldiers in one element, the squad (tank) commander works out the subsequent elements in the same sequence.

After working out the training question on the elements, the squad leader proceeds to train the trainees in actions on the entire training issue as a whole. To do this, he changes the course of actions of the trainees, seeking from the soldiers the correct and precise implementation of the techniques at the time established by the standard.

After working out the training question, the commander builds subordinates, conducts a private analysis, then announces to the trainees the next training question and the order of its working out by elements, brings the tactical situation and proceeds to work out the first element in the same sequence as when working out the previous training question.

Having thus completed the development of all training issues, the squad (tank) commander conducts an analysis. The debriefing is similar to the debriefing of the platoon commander (see below).

At the set time or at the command of the platoon commander, the squad (crew) arrives at the specified location. The squad (tank) commander reports to the platoon commander about the end of the lesson, about the degree of mastering of training issues by each soldier, about the shortcomings that have taken place, the withdrawal of unused imitation equipment, and then acts on the instructions of the platoon commander.

The platoon commander in the course of a tactical drill conducted by squad (tank) commanders personally teaches each squad (crew) the most difficult training issues in turn and at the same time supervises the training by commanders of other squads (tanks). If necessary, he assists them in eliminating the mistakes made when working out one or another element, and also manages the target situation.

If the platoon commander conducts a tactical combat exercise personally as part of a platoon, then he is located in a place from which it would be possible to observe the actions of all squads during the development of each technique, element and training issue in a complex (fused) implementation.

Having discovered errors in the actions of squads (crews), the platoon commander stops the platoon with a set signal, calls all trainees or only squad (tank) commanders to him, points out to them the mistakes made, explains, and, if necessary, shows them, involving one of the departments, how to act correctly and continues training until the errors are eliminated, and the reception is performed clearly and smoothly.

If individual soldiers make mistakes, the entire platoon should not be stopped. In this case, it is better to draw the attention of the squad leader to the identified shortcoming and demand that it be eliminated in the process of working out subsequent actions by issuing additional commands (signals) without stopping the exercises.

Having finished working out all the training issues, the platoon commander builds a platoon, checks the availability of personnel, weapons and military equipment, seizes unused blank ammunition and imitation equipment and conducts a debriefing, which is the final part of the tactical drill session.

When parsing, the commander recalls the topic, the objectives of the lesson and how they were achieved, analyzes the actions of the personnel during the development of each training issue, reinforcing his conclusions with the requirements of regulations, instructions and orders of senior commanders, notes the most instructive actions of soldiers, squads and the platoon as a whole, as well as shortcomings in the actions of the trainees.

At the end of the analysis, the platoon commander sums up the results of the tasks and determines the results of the trainees' actions, gives instructions on how to eliminate the identified shortcomings. The analysis should be objective, principled and instructive.

PLAN

TOPIC 4. ACTIONS OF A SOLDIER IN COMMON ARMS. Training questions: 1. Duties and actions of a soldier in battle. 2. The actions of a soldier on the defensive and on the offensive.

Relevance…Problem The success of solving combat missions depends on the moral and psychological qualities of soldiers…. . . It is necessary to form moral and psychological qualities, to educate them. ... The moral fighting qualities that determine the personality of a warrior, his behavior in peacetime and in a combat situation, can be divided into four main groups: Ø Ø moral; psychological; professional combat; physical qualities.

MORAL: ü Worldview Ideals ü Sense of duty Patriotism ü Conviction Enthusiasm PROFESSIONALLY MARTIAL: ü knowledge of weapons and military equipment ü skills ü skills ü automaticity ü combat activity Ø reaction accuracy Ø visual acuity

Factors Determining Combat Efficiency The psychological model of combat action makes it possible to single out two groups of factors influencing the combat activity of troops: external and internal. External factors can be divided into social, combat and environmental-ergonomic. To internal factors include psychophysiological and psychological.

Each serviceman must: Ø Know perfectly and keep his weapons and military equipment in constant combat readiness. Ø Master them and skillfully apply them. Ø Be ready to replace a comrade who is out of action.

Each serviceman is obliged: Ø To know the methods and techniques of actions in combat, to have the skills of actions with weapons worked out to automatism (when arming a combat vehicle) on the battlefield in various conditions of the situation.

Ø Be able to conduct reconnaissance of the enemy and the terrain, while performing a combat mission, constantly monitor, effectively use weapons (armament of a combat vehicle), timely detect and hit the enemy.

Ø Be able to correctly select and equip a firing position (shooting place), use the protective and camouflage properties of the terrain and combat vehicles to counter enemy fire.

Ø Know the size, volume, sequence and timing of the equipment of fortifications; be able to quickly equip trenches and shelters, including with the use of explosives, to carry out camouflage.

Ø Steadfastly and stubbornly act on the defensive, boldly and decisively - on the offensive; show courage, initiative and resourcefulness in battle; to help a friend.

Ø Be able to fire at low-flying aircraft, helicopters and other air targets of the enemy from small arms.

Ø Know how to protect against weapons of mass destruction and precision weapons of the enemy; skillfully use the terrain, personal protective equipment and the protective properties of combat vehicles; overcome barriers, obstacles and contamination zones.

Ø Do not leave your place in battle without the permission of the commander; in case of injury or damage by radioactive, toxic substances, biological agents, as well as incendiary weapons take the necessary measures of self and mutual assistance and continue the implementation of the task.

Ø Be able to prepare weapons and ammunition for combat use, quickly equip clips, magazines, tapes with cartridges.

Ø Monitor the consumption of ammunition and refueling the combat vehicle with fuel, promptly report to your commander on the consumption of 0.5 and 0.75 stock of missiles (ammunition) and refueling; in case of damage to the combat vehicle, take measures to restore it.

Ø Each sergeant and soldier is obliged to protect the commander in battle, in case of his injury or death, feel free to take command of the unit.

Choice of movement method Techniques and methods of movement on the battlefield A soldier on the battlefield can move in dashes at an accelerated pace or run (in full growth or crouching) by crawling

Areas hidden from enemy observation and not penetrated by his fire are overcome at an accelerated pace or run. When moving at an accelerated pace, the speed reaches 130-150 steps per minute, while running it can be 165-180 steps per minute.

Open areas of terrain, fired upon by the enemy, are overcome by dashes. Ø Runs are made quickly, from cover to cover, lasting no more than 5–7 s. so that the enemy does not have time to open aimed fire. Ø The length of each dash can vary between 20-40 steps and is determined by the intensity of enemy fire and the nature of the terrain. Ø Before making a dash, you need to outline the path of movement and the place to stop in some kind of shelter (in a funnel, pit, ditch, behind a bump, hillock).

So that the enemy does not have time to take aim at the place of stopping and fails to hit the soldier Ø it is necessary to land 2–3 m from the intended shelter, Ø then secretly crawl into this shelter. After waiting 5-10 seconds, it is necessary to run in the same order to the next stopping place, etc. until the line indicated by the commander is reached.

Small areas of terrain shot through by the enemy can be overcome by crawling. Depending on the situation, the height of the vegetation cover and the presence of minor shelters, crawling can be performed: on half-fours, on the side, on the bellies.

Po-plastunsky It is used on terrain Ø pierced by enemy small arms fire Ø and not having sufficient shelters. To crawl in a plastunsky way, you need to lie down tightly on the ground Ø with your right hand, take the weapon by the belt at the upper swivel Ø and put it on the forearm of your right hand. Ø When crawling, do not raise your head high. Ø forward movement is carried out in the same Ø sequence as when moving on half-fours.

Ready to fire and firing from various positions Fire is the main means of destroying the enemy in battle.

In order to skillfully lead it and hit targets from the first shot (burst), it is necessary: ​​Ø Know your weapon perfectly, take care of it, carefully prepare for shooting.

Ø Correctly determine the range to the targets, sight and aiming point, as well as make corrections for crosswind and target movement.

Ø Skillfully choose a place for shooting, correctly prepare for shooting from various positions, at a limited time, day and night.

For firing, submachine gunners take the place indicated by the squad leader, and in case of independent actions they choose it themselves, taking into account the situation, the nature of the terrain and the assigned task. The place for shooting should be convenient, provide a wide view and shelling, and cover the shooter from enemy observation.

The firing positions for the infantry fighting vehicle (APC) machine gun and grenade launcher are selected and indicated, as a rule, by the squad leader.

The location of the firing position should Ø meet the requirements for the best performance of the assigned firing tasks, Ø allow the possibility of maneuvering fire and have good shelling, Ø natural camouflage, convenient approaches and hidden ways to move to new or alternate firing positions.

For firing from RPGs, in addition, ensure the safety of the shot, i.e., do not have behind (closer than 2 m) obstacles for the free flow of gas, and do not place people, ammunition within the depth of the danger zone (up to 30 m)

When choosing a firing position (a place for shooting), it is necessary to position yourself so that you can better see everything that the enemy is doing, and remain invisible yourself. You can not choose and take a firing position (place for shooting) on ​​the crests of hillocks and heights. When using a local object, you should lie down on the right or on its shadow side.

When choosing a place for shooting and observation in the bushes, one should be located somewhat behind the edge. If the bush does not contribute to camouflage, it is necessary to additionally place several branches in front of you, but in such a way that this does not arouse the suspicion of the enemy, the preparation for firing from the stop should ensure good stability of the weapon during firing. Nearby objects and local materials are used as an emphasis for shooting.

Ø Shooting at aircraft (helicopters) is carried out, as a rule, as part of a squad or platoon at a distance of up to 500 m with the installation of a 4 or “P” sight, armor-piercing incendiary and tracer bullets. Ø Low-flying aircraft (helicopters) are, as a rule, in the zone of actual fire very a short time. to defeat such targets, you need to know the lead. Ø It is more profitable to open fire on a target suitable for shooting.

At an aircraft flying to the side or above the firing one, fire is carried out in a barrage or accompanying way. Barrage fire is fired at low-flying aircraft when the flight altitude does not exceed 500 m and the speed is more than 150 m/s.

Self-digging and camouflage In the course of an offensive, a soldier, when forced to stop, must choose a place for firing such that from it it is possible to see the enemy clearly Ø quickly open aimed fire at him, while remaining sheltered from observation and enemy fire.

Under the influence of enemy fire, soldiers primarily use the available shelters and tear off trenches for prone firing, acting covertly, without rising and conducting direct observation of the enemy in readiness for immediate opening fire.

An excerpt of a single trench for firing while lying under enemy fire is performed as follows: Ø lying on the selected place, the soldier puts the machine gun to his right at arm's length with the barrel towards the enemy Ø a recess 170 cm long, 60 cm wide, 30 cm deep Ø the head must be held closer to the ground, without stopping observation of the enemy Ø when a depth of 30 cm is reached in the front of the trench excavation, the soldier, moving back, continues the excerpt of the excavation to the required length to cover the torso and legs Ø at the end of the excerpt, the parapet is leveled with a shovel and masked

Single trench for prone shooting. Dimensions of the trench for prone shooting: Ø length 170 cm; Ø width 60 cm; Ø depth 30 cm; Ø parapet up to 30 cm high; Ø in the firing sector, the height of the parapet is 10 cm; Ø berm width 20-40 cm; Ø the volume of excavated soil is 0.3 m Ø per device is required - 0.5 people / hour.

Single trench for shooting from the knee. The trench for shooting from the knee has the following dimensions: Ø length 170 cm. Ø depth 50 cm. Ø parapet height 40 50 cm. Ø parapet in the firing sector 30 cm. Ø width 60 cm. device required 1, 2 man/hour.

Single trench for standing shooting. The trench for standing shooting has the following dimensions: Ø length 150 cm (along the bottom). Ø width 50 cm. Ø depth 110 cm. Ø parapet height 50-60 cm. Ø parapet in the firing sector 30 cm. Ø volume of excavated soil 1.4 m.

Trenching tool Ordinary crowbar Cross-cut saw Infantry shovel Cord tracing Carpenter's ax Pickaxe Sapper shovel

Requirements that a trench site must meet: Ø good review and shelling of the terrain ahead; Ø the ability to perform the general task of the unit, fire and private tasks for this unit; Ø providing fire support for neighboring trenches; Ø ease of communication with the rear; Ø the possibility of masking.

Observer's Actions in Combat Selecting and Equipping an Observation Site A soldier assigned to an observation may operate as part of an observation post or independently. During independent actions, the observer, having received the task, understands: Ø landmarks Ø conditional names of local objects Ø where the enemy is located and what he is doing or where he is expected to appear from Ø where his units and neighbors are located Ø place for observation and how to equip it Ø observation strip; Ø what, how and when to report to the commander

The main requirement for a place for observation: it must be chosen so that the observer sees and hears everything, and remains unnoticed. It is not recommended, for example, to be located near well-marked local objects (a single tree, a monument, a factory chimney, a tower, a crossroads, a bridge, etc.), as well as on the tops of heights, barrows.

Ø However, sometimes it may turn out that a single local object is very convenient for observation. In this case, one must position himself on its shadow side, not allowing the observer's figure to be projected against the sky, as viewed from the enemy's side. Ø In the settlement it is good to take a position in the ruins of a stone building. Ø From the attic or from behind the fence, they watch through cracks and holes, remaining in the shade. Ø In a pit, funnel or ditch, it is necessary to position yourself so that there is a hillock (hummock, bush) behind, against which the observer's head would be invisible. The observer equips his place for the convenience of operations and carefully masks, applying to the surrounding area.

Studying the terrain and determining distances Ø Observation begins with a detailed study of the terrain in the lane indicated to the observer. Ø First, he determines and remembers the distances to the landmarks indicated to him, as well as to other characteristic local objects. Ø In some cases, the observer draws up a map of the area.

Distances can be determined in various ways Eye - the easiest and fastest. A trained and trained warrior can easily mentally imagine and confidently distinguish on any terrain segments equal to 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 m. sharper and more distinct (white, yellow and red, as well as brightly lit) seem closer to small and dark (black, brown and blue, as well as dimly lit) objects at the same distance. Ø In conditions of poor visibility (fog, rain, twilight, cloudy day, high dust content in the air), the observed objects seem further than on clear, sunny days.

It should be remembered that audibility is enhanced and, therefore, sound sources seem to be approaching Ø if the wind blows from these sources Ø in the early morning hours Ø in cloudy weather, especially after rain Ø near the water surface Ø in the mountains and in winter (when there is no snowfall)

And vice versa, the sound is absorbed, the distances to sound sources seem to be increased Ø in hot sunny weather Ø during snowfall, rain Ø in the forest, in the bush Ø on sandy ground

Observation order, enemy detection and report of the observer For the convenience of observation and sequential inspection of the area, the assigned observation strip is usually divided by depth into three zones: Ø near Ø middle Ø far

Ø In the near zone, observation is carried out with the naked eye, since its depth does not exceed 400 m (this corresponds to the range of actual fire from a machine gun). Ø The middle zone extends from 400 to 800 m. Ø Far - from 800 m to the limits of visibility. The boundaries of the zones are marked on the ground according to local subjects. Observation should be carried out, as a rule, starting from the near (more dangerous) zone. In order to detect the appearance of the enemy in time or notice changes in his location and actions, the observer at the very beginning Ø carefully studies the terrain in the observation zone Ø remembers the number, relative position, shape and size of all local objects.

Ø The observer examines the area and local objects, shifting his gaze from right to left. Ø Having examined the near zone in this way, the observer returns with a glance along it, as if checking himself again, then in the same order he examines the middle and then the far zone. Ø After that, he examines the entire strip in reverse order - to himself, etc. Ø The observer examines open areas of the terrain faster, closed ones - more carefully.

Ø If the observer detects any signs of the appearance of the enemy, he studies this area especially carefully with binoculars. The observer must have great stamina and patience. He will sometimes have to spend hours inspecting the same area, studying the same bushes, ruins, stumps, hummocks and other local objects. Here it is important not to reduce attention, not to dull vigilance.

It must be remembered that the modern battlefield may seem completely deserted, since the enemy will not openly appear and move. Its manpower and firepower will be covered, carefully disguised as the surrounding area. Only an experienced scout is able to unravel the enemy's cunning, to reveal it.

Actions of a soldier on the defensive Ø A soldier on the defensive operates as part of his squad. Ø The positions of squads in a platoon are combined into a platoon strong point, which occupies up to 400 m along the front and up to 300 m in depth. Ø Between the positions of squads there can be gaps of up to 50 m, covered by flank, cross fire of adjacent squads and fire from the depth of the strong point.

The main task of a soldier in defense is to skillfully use his weapons, the terrain and its engineering equipment, as well as obstacles, to inflict as many losses as possible on the advancing enemy, repel his attack and hold the position occupied by the squad. A soldier has no right to leave his place in the defense without the order of the commander.

Tanks and other armored objects of the enemy are the most important and most dangerous targets for a soldier on the battlefield. For such targets as a modern tank, in order to reliably defeat it, it is necessary to fire from several anti-tank weapons. It should be borne in mind that it is not enough to get into the tank, it is necessary to disable it by firing at the most vulnerable places.

If the tank approaching the trench could not be destroyed in the frontal part and sides, it should be let up to 15–20 meters and hit with a RKG 3 hand cumulative grenade in the upper part of the hull or turret. Throwing RKG 3 into the rear of the hull is most effective after the tank has overcome the front trench or trench. After the explosion of the grenade, one should prepare to destroy the crew leaving the affected tank.

If the submachine gunner (machine gunner, sniper) has used up or does not have anti-tank weapons, small arms fire should be fired at viewing devices and sights, which makes it impossible to control the machine and aim fire.

Anti-tank mines installed by the front line of the defenders are effective against armored objects, but it should be remembered that anti-track mines leave the crew unharmed, which is able to conduct aimed fire from the weapons of the armored vehicle.

The fire of the grenade launcher and ATGM gunner must be reliably covered by small arms fire from their assistants and other soldiers of the squad. Bearing in mind that the firing position of a grenade launcher and an ATGM installation is unmasked by a characteristic flash of flame, smoke and dust - these fire weapons must have several firing positions (firing place) and change after each shot or launch.

The position of the RPG 7 grenade launcher (SPG 9) and anti-tank systems should be prepared in advance by moistening the soil with water in front and behind the indicated fire weapons in order to reduce dust formation during firing.

Actions of a Soldier on the Offensive An attack on a defending enemy begins with a breakthrough in his defenses and can be carried out by advancing from the depth or from a position of direct contact with the enemy.

When attacking from a position of direct contact with the enemy, the separation before the attack in specified time, observing the camouflage measures, takes its original position. In this case, the personnel are usually located in the trench, and the armored personnel carrier (BMP) is located behind the reverse slope of the height or in the trench in readiness to support the actions of the squad.

Ø At the signal of the platoon commander, the squad leader gives the command “Prepare to attack”. Ø The personnel reloads weapons, prepares grenades for action and attaches bayonets and knives to machine guns. Ø Then, after the tanks pass through the trench occupied by the squad, the command “Squad, attack - forward!” . Ø On this command, the soldiers quickly and simultaneously jump out of the trench (trench) and rapidly attack the enemy.

Ø The squad destroys the enemy who survived in the trench (trenches) with point-blank fire and, without stopping, moves forward. Ø In the depths of the defense, when the enemy resistance is broken, the squad can continue the offensive in an armored personnel carrier. Ø Without deviating from the direction of the offensive, it, using the folds of the terrain, quickly goes to the flank or rear of the resisting enemy groups, destroys them with fire and a decisive attack.

If a soldier is forced to fight in a trench or communication, then he advances as quickly as possible. Before entering a kink in a trench or communication, a soldier throws a grenade and fires 1–2 bursts from personal weapons (“combing with fire”).

It is advisable to inspect the trench together Ø, with one of the soldiers advancing along the trench, Ø the second bending down from above a little behind, warning the soldiers in the trench about bends and other dangerous places (dugouts, blocked slots, rifle cells).

Actions of a soldier in a trench Wire barriers in the form of "hedgehogs", "slingshots", etc., placed by the enemy in a trench, are thrown up with a knife attached to the machine gun, and if they are mined, they go over the trench. Explosive barriers found by mines are marked with brightly visible signs (scraps of red or white color) or destroyed by demolition. Moving along the trench, you should make as little noise as possible, using bayonet stabs, blows with a butt, a magazine or an infantry shovel to destroy the enemy.

Ø Infantry fighting vehicles (APCs) when dismounting personnel move in leaps behind the advancing soldiers, from shelter to shelter, at a distance of up to 200 m providing reliable fire cover, and in the case of weak enemy anti-tank defense and in combat formations of dismounted units. Ø Fire is fired over the chain of the squad and in the gaps between the squads. Ø In some cases, armored vehicles are reduced to armored groups, and are also used for fire support of attackers, firing from permanent or temporary firing positions.

An offensive in depth, as a rule, is carried out by landing on armored vehicles, obstacles and obstacles, as a rule, are bypassed, the enemy in the discovered strong points and centers of resistance is destroyed by a swift attack to the flank and rear. Sometimes soldiers during an offensive, when advancing to the line of attack, can move behind an infantry fighting vehicle (APC) under the cover of armor.

Offensive in special conditions Ø Combat in the city requires the ability of a soldier to outwit the enemy, determination and iron restraint. Ø The defending enemy is especially cunning, his counterattacks and fire should be expected from everywhere. Ø Before the attack, you should reliably suppress the enemy, and during the attack, conduct preemptive fire in short bursts at windows, doors and embrasures (breaks in walls, fences) of the attacked and neighboring buildings.

When advancing to the object, use underground communications, gaps in the walls, forest plantations, dustiness of the area and smoke.

Ø When conducting a battle in a city, combat pairs or troikas (combat crews) should be formed in squads (platoons), while taking into account the individual combat experience of the soldiers and their personal affection. Ø During the battle, the maneuver and actions of one soldier must be supported by the fire of comrades in the calculation, and the actions of the calculation by the fire of other calculations and armored vehicles.

Ø When conducting an offensive in a city, soldiers move on the battlefield, as a rule, in short dashes from cover to cover with reliable fire support from comrades and combat vehicles. Ø Under enemy fire, the length of the dash should not exceed 8-10 meters (10-12 steps), while avoiding straight movement, moving in a zigzag.

Ø Target designation for combat vehicles is carried out with tracer bullets, for which each submachine gunner must have one magazine equipped with cartridges with tracer bullets. Ø Approaching the building, a soldier throws a hand grenade into the windows (doors, gaps) and, firing from a machine gun, penetrates inside. Ø Fighting inside the building, the soldier acts quickly and decisively, before bursting into the room, it is “combed” with fire or thrown with grenades. Ø Beware of closed doors as they can be mined. Indoors, very often the enemy hides behind a door or pieces of furniture (sofas, armchairs, cabinets, etc.).

Calculation actions as part of a trio during indoor combat (- reconnaissance officer; - senior calculation.) Ø Locked doors are destroyed by a grenade or a burst from a machine gun at the castle. Ø Having captured the building and cleared it of the enemy, you should move faster to the next one, preventing the enemy from gaining a foothold in it.

Correct Incorrect Moving through the floors it is necessary Ø to shoot through the landings with fire Ø to move from the platform with a throw Ø to move from top to bottom while crouching in such a way as to notice the enemy before he notices you (your legs).

Each soldier must: know the combat mission of the platoon, his squad, and his task; know the combat capabilities of tanks, other armored vehicles and anti-tank weapons of the enemy, their strengths and weaknesses, especially the most vulnerable spots; know the volume and sequence of equipment fortifications; constantly monitor, detect the enemy in a timely manner and immediately report him to the commander; boldly and resolutely act on the offensive, steadfastly and stubbornly on the defensive, destroy the enemy by all means and means, show courage, initiative and resourcefulness in battle, and assist a comrade; skillfully use the terrain, personal protective equipment and the protective properties of vehicles, be able to quickly equip trenches and shelters, carry out camouflage, overcome obstacles, obstacles and contamination zones, lay and neutralize anti-tank and anti-personnel mines; carry out special processing; be able to identify an air enemy and fire at his aircraft, helicopters and other air targets from small arms, know their most vulnerable spots; to protect the commander in battle, in the event of his injury or death, boldly take command of the unit; without the permission of the commander not to leave his place in battle, in case of injury or damage by radioactive, toxic substances, bacterial means, as well as incendiary weapons, take the necessary measures of self- and mutual assistance and continue the task; if ordered to go to the medical station, take personal weapons with you; if it is impossible to follow to the medical center, crawl with a weapon into the shelter and wait for the orderlies; keep track of the consumption of ammunition and refueling of the infantry fighting vehicle (APC) with fuel, promptly report to your commander on the consumption of 0.5 and 0.7 of the portable (portable) supply of ammunition and refueling; if an infantry fighting vehicle (APC) is damaged, quickly take measures to restore them.

Combined arms combat, types of combat

1.1. Combined arms combat

Combat - the main form of tactical actions, is organized and coordinated in terms of purpose, place and time of strikes, fire and maneuver of formations, units and subunits in order to destroy (rout) the enemy, repel his strikes and perform other tactical tasks in a limited area for a short time.

Combat can be combined arms, anti-aircraft, air and sea.

Combined arms combat is conducted by the combined efforts of formations, units and subunits of the Ground Forces, the Air Force, the Airborne Forces, and in the coastal direction, by the forces of the Navy. In the course of combined-arms combat, formations (units, subunits) may perform combat missions jointly with troops, military formations and bodies of other troops of the Russian Federation (Further, unless otherwise stated, other troops).

The characteristic features of modern combined-arms combat are: high tension, transience and dynamism of hostilities, their ground-air nature, simultaneous powerful fire and electronic impact throughout the depth of the formation of the parties, the use of various methods of performing combat missions, and a complex tactical situation.

Combined arms combat requires from the subunits participating in it continuous reconnaissance, skillful use of weapons and military equipment, means of protection and camouflage, high mobility and organization, full exertion of all moral and physical strength, an unbending will to win, iron discipline and solidarity.

Combined arms combat can be conducted using only conventional weapons or using nuclear weapons, other means of mass destruction, as well as weapons based on the use of new physical principles.

Conventional weapons are all fire and strike weapons that use artillery, aviation, small arms and engineering ammunition, rockets in conventional equipment, volumetric explosion (thermobaric) ammunition, incendiary ammunition and mixtures. High-precision systems of conventional weapons have the highest efficiency.

The basis of combat using only conventional weapons is the consistent defeat of enemy units. At the same time, their reliable fire and electronic destruction with simultaneous impact on its reserves and important objects in depth, timely concentration of forces and means to fulfill the assigned tasks will be of great importance.

Nuclear weapons are the most powerful means of defeating the enemy. It includes all types (types) of nuclear munitions with their means of delivery (carriers of nuclear munitions).

Weapons based on the use of new physical principles include laser, accelerator, microwave, radio wave and others.

1.2. Types of combat

The main types of combined arms combat are offensive and defense.

Defense aims to repel an offensive (attack) of superior enemy forces, inflict maximum losses on him, hold a stronghold (position, object) and thereby create favorable conditions for subsequent actions.

The defense must be stable and active, capable of withstanding enemy attacks using all types of weapons, repulsing the offensive of his superior forces, their attack from the front and flanks. It must be prepared for long-term combat under the conditions of the use of high-precision weapons, weapons of mass destruction and electronic warfare by the enemy.

The stability and activity of the defense are achieved: by the endurance, steadfastness and perseverance of the defending subunits, by their high morale; skillfully organized defense and fire system; continuous reconnaissance of the enemy; careful camouflage of the positions and lines occupied; skillful use of favorable terrain conditions, its engineering equipment and the use of methods of warfare unexpected for the enemy; timely maneuver by subunits (fire weapons) and fire; immediate destruction of the enemy, wedged into the defense; constant implementation of measures for radiation, chemical and biological protection, protection against high-precision weapons and information and psychological impact of the enemy; stubborn and prolonged retention of strongholds (positions, lines); comprehensive support and training of personnel for long-term combat operations, including in conditions of complete encirclement.

The platoon (squad, tank) must stubbornly defend the occupied stronghold (position, line) and not leave it without the order of the senior commander.

Defense can be prepared without contact with the enemy or in conditions of direct contact with him, for a long time or in a short time.

The defense of a platoon (squad, tank) includes the consistent execution of a number of tactical tasks, the main of which are: occupying and building up defense; destruction of enemy units during their deployment and transition to the attack; repelling the attack of his units and holding the occupied strongholds (positions); destruction (rout) of enemy units that broke into the front line and wedged into the defense.

Offensive.

An offensive is carried out in order to defeat the opposing enemy, take possession of the designated object and create conditions for conducting subsequent actions. It consists in defeating the enemy with all available means, a decisive attack, the rapid advance of troops into the depths of his battle formation, the destruction and capture of manpower, the capture of weapons, equipment and various objects. Defeat is understood as the infliction of such damage on the enemy, in which he loses the ability to resist.

The personnel of a platoon (squad, tank), using the results of the fire engagement of the enemy, must conduct an offensive with full effort, continuously day and night, in any weather and in close cooperation with other subunits, defeat the opposing enemy.

Depending on the situation and the tasks assigned, an offensive can be carried out against a defending, advancing, or retreating enemy.

Depending on the readiness of the enemy's defense and the degree of his fire damage, the attack of a platoon (squad, tank) on the defending enemy is carried out from the depth or from a position of direct contact with him.

The offensive of a platoon (squad, tank) includes the sequential fulfillment of a number of tactical tasks, the main of which are: taking up the starting position for the offensive; advancing to the line of transition to the attack, deploying elements of the battle formation and approaching the enemy; overcoming engineering obstacles and natural obstacles; attack and possession of the specified object; development of the offensive in the depth of defense and pursuit of the enemy.

An offensive from the depth usually begins from the initial area by the successive deployment of units for an attack on the move.

To ensure the organized advancement of subunits and the simultaneous attack of the enemy, the following are assigned: the route of advance, the starting point, the lines of deployment, the line of transition to the attack, and when attacking on foot for motorized rifle units, the line of dismounting.

To coordinate the actions of motorized rifle, tank, grenade launcher units, as well as artillery units firing from closed firing positions, a line of safe removal from explosions of their shells and mines (grenades) is assigned. Safe removal for motorized rifle units attacking on foot - 400 m, attacking on infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers) - 300 m; for tank units - 200 m.

In the case of the use of nuclear weapons, a line of safe removal is indicated, upon approaching which the troops take the necessary protective measures.

For motorized rifle subunits on vehicles, landing sites for landing on tanks can be assigned. At the same time, collection points are assigned for cars. They are called to their units at the command of the company commander.

An attack on a defending enemy from a position of direct contact with him begins in a previously created battle formation from the initial positions of the companies, which are engaged after the necessary regrouping or with a change of defending subunits. The line of transition to the attack, as a rule, is assigned to the first trench.

At the initial position of the company, motorized rifle platoons (squads) with reinforcements are located in trenches and adjacent communication passages, and infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers) take up firing positions next to or behind their squads. If it is impossible for infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers) to covertly occupy firing positions with their platoon, they can be located at the starting position of an attached (interacting) tank unit or remain in firing positions occupied until regrouping (shift). They are controlled by the deputy platoon commander.

A tank platoon can be deployed as part of a first-echelon subunit at firing positions, at the initial position of a company at a distance of 2-4 km, or at a waiting position of a battalion at a distance of 5-7 km from the front line of the enemy’s defense.

A grenade launcher platoon occupies a position behind the companies of the first echelon at a distance of up to 300 m from them, and an anti-tank platoon - up to 100 m. The anti-tank squad of a company usually occupies a position in a trench in the direction of concentration of the main efforts of the company.

Fire weapons allocated for direct fire are located at firing positions at a distance that ensures the effective performance of fire missions.

When attacking from a position of direct contact with the enemy with a change of defending troops, a motorized rifle platoon as part of a company advances to the meeting area with guides and, dismounting, along hidden paths, and subsequently, along the lines of communication and trenches, goes to its original position and occupies it, taking from of the surrendering unit strong point (position), strong point diagram (fire card), minefield form and all available data about the enemy. Infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers) are located in shelters in the direction of operations of their subunits and advance towards them, as a rule, during fire training. Vehicles remain at the designated collection point, ready to move.

Regrouping can be carried out along the front or with the withdrawal of subunits in depth.

When regrouping along the front, the personnel of a motorized rifle platoon along trenches and communication passages covertly advances to the initial position of the company and takes up the initial position for the offensive, if necessary, equips the occupied section of the trench with additional cells; prepares devices for jumping out of trenches, reloads magazines (tapes), prepares hand grenades for action.

Infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers) of the platoon remain in their firing positions and advance to the platoon during the fire preparation of the offensive. During the period of fire preparation for an offensive, infantry fighting vehicles may be involved in direct fire from occupied positions or, with the beginning of fire preparation, move to new ones to destroy designated targets.

A grenade launcher (anti-tank) platoon, as a rule, occupies positions in which it opens and equips trenches.

If a company is replaced by a newly arriving subunit, then a motorized rifle platoon as part of a company secretly, using trenches and communication passages, goes to the assembly area, and then moves to the company's starting position in the second or third trench.

The tank platoon usually remains in its strong point and is used for direct fire. He advances to the line of transition to the attack during the fire preparation of the offensive from the occupied strong point.

When the enemy goes on the offensive, the shift (regrouping) stops and all subunits repel his attack. The commander of the detachable unit controls the battle. Those who arrived to change units also obey him.