Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is a highly informative method for examining the gastrointestinal tract

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) allows you to examine the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach and proximal duodenum using a flexible fiber or video endoscope. It is indicated for gastrointestinal bleeding, bloody vomiting, tarry stools, chest or epigastric pain, reflux esophagitis, dysphagia, anemia, esophageal and gastric outlet strictures, peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum; it is also performed to remove foreign bodies esophagus and stomach and postoperative relapses of diseases of these organs. Endoscopy often eliminates the need for exploratory thoracotomy or laparotomy and reveals small or superficial lesions that cannot be seen on x-ray. In addition, EGDS, due to the possibility of performing a pinch and brush biopsy, makes it possible to clarify the nature of the lesion detected by X-ray examination. With the help of EGDS, it is also possible to remove foreign bodies, both small and soft by suction, and large and hard with the help of a coagulation loop and forceps.

Target

• Diagnostics inflammatory diseases, malignant and benign tumors, peptic ulcer, Mallory-Weiss syndrome.
• Assessment of the state of the stomach and duodenum after surgery.
• Urgent diagnosis of peptic ulcer and damage to the esophagus (for example, with a chemical burn).

Training

• The patient should be explained that EGDS will allow you to examine the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum.
• It should be found out if the patient is allergic to the drugs that are supposed to be used for anesthesia, what drugs he takes, clarify and detail his complaints.
• The patient should refrain from eating for 6-12 hours before the study.
• It is necessary to warn the patient that during the examination, an endoscope with a camera mounted at the end will be inserted through his mouth, and also to inform who and where the examination will be carried out and that it will last approximately 30 minutes.
• When performing emergency EGDS, the patient should be warned about the need for aspiration through nasogastric tube stomach contents.
• The patient should be warned that in order to suppress the gag reflex, the cavity of his mouth and pharynx will be treated with a local anesthetic solution, which has a bitter taste and creates a feeling of swelling of the pharynx and tongue; it is necessary that the patient does not interfere with the outflow of saliva, which, if necessary, is evacuated using an electric suction.
• The patient should be explained that a mouthpiece will be inserted to protect the teeth and the endoscope, which, however, will not interfere with breathing.
• Before the start of the study, an intravenous infusion system is set up through which sedative drugs are administered that cause relaxation. If the procedure is performed on an outpatient basis, then it is necessary for the patient to be accompanied home after it, since the introduction of a sedative drug will make him drowsy. In some cases, they resort to the introduction of sedatives that inhibit intestinal motility.
• The patient is warned that he may experience a feeling of pressure in the abdomen during manipulation of the endoscope inserted into the stomach and a feeling of fullness when air or carbon dioxide is insufflated. Anxious patients are given intravenous meperidine or some analgesic 30 minutes before the study, and atropine is administered subcutaneously to suppress gastric secretion, which can make the study difficult.
• It is necessary to ensure that the patient or his relatives give written consent to the study.
• Before the examination, the patient must remove dentures, contact lenses and restrictive underwear.

Procedure and aftercare

• The main physiological indicators of the patient are determined and a tonometer cuff is fixed on the shoulder to monitor blood pressure during the procedure.
• In patients with heart disease, ECG monitoring is performed, and it is also advisable to perform pulse oximetry from time to time, especially in patients with respiratory failure.
• When treating the oral cavity and pharynx with a local anesthetic spray, the patient, at the request of the doctor, must hold his breath.
• The patient is reminded not to obstruct the flow of saliva from the corner of the mouth. A basin is installed next to the patient for spitting saliva and dropping napkins, if necessary, saliva is evacuated with an electric suction.

The patient is laid on his left side, his head is tilted forward and asked to open his mouth. The doctor passes the end of the endoscope through the mouth into the throat. When the endoscope passes the posterior pharyngeal wall and its inferior constrictor, the patient is asked to slightly straighten the neck, while the chin should not deviate from the midline. Then, under visual control, an endoscope is passed through the esophagus.

When the endoscope is inserted into the esophagus to a sufficient depth (30 cm), the patient's head is tilted to the table to drain saliva from the oral cavity. After examining the mucous membrane of the esophagus and cardiac sphincter, the endoscope is rotated clockwise and advanced further to examine the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum. To improve the view during the examination, you can insufflate air into the stomach and irrigate the mucous membrane with water and suck out the secret.

You can install a camera on the endoscope to take pictures, if necessary, measure the size of the changed area, insert a measuring tube.

By inserting biopsy forceps or a brush, it is possible to obtain material for histological or cytological examination. The endoscope is slowly removed, re-examining suspicious areas. The resulting tissue samples are immediately placed in a 10% formalin solution, smears are prepared from the cellular material and placed in a Coplin vessel containing 96% ethanol.

Warning. When monitoring a patient Special attention should be given to symptoms of perforation. When perforated cervical pain in the esophagus when swallowing and moving the head. Perforation thoracic the esophagus causes pain behind the sternum or in the epigastrium, aggravated by breathing and movements of the body; perforation of the diaphragm is manifested by pain and dyspnea; gastric perforation causes abdominal and back pain, cyanosis, fever, and fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity.

• Be aware of the danger of aspiration of gastric contents, which can cause aspiration pneumonia.
• It is necessary to periodically determine the main physiological indicators.
• The appearance of a gag reflex is checked by touching the back wall of the pharynx with a spatula.
• Eating and liquids can be allowed only after the restoration of the gag reflex (usually 1 hour after the study). You should start by drinking water, then light food.
• The patient should be warned about the possibility of belching with insufflated air and sore throat for 3-4 hours. Throat tablets and gargling with warm 0.9% sodium chloride solution can alleviate sore throat.
• If pain occurs at the point of connection of the dropper, warm compresses are prescribed.
• Due to the administration of sedatives, patients should refrain from drinking alcohol for 24 hours and from driving a car for 12 hours. When performing the study on an outpatient basis, it is necessary to ensure that patients are taken home.
• The patient should be warned that if there is difficulty in swallowing, pain, fever, tarry stools or bloody vomiting, he should immediately inform the doctor.

Precautionary measures

• When taking tissue samples, they should be labeled immediately and sent to the laboratory.
• EGDS regarding safe method studies, perforation of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum is sometimes possible, especially if the patient is restless or does not obey the doctor's instructions.
• EGDS is generally contraindicated in patients with Zenker's diverticulum, large aortic aneurysm, recent ulcer perforation or suspected perforation of a hollow organ, as well as in unstable hemodynamics and severe violation breathing.
• EGDS can be performed only 2 days after X-ray contrast examination of the gastrointestinal tract.
• It is advisable for patients with carious teeth to administer antibiotics before the study.

Warning. Careful consideration should be given to possible side effects sedative drugs (respiratory depression, apnea, hypotension, sweating, bradycardia, laryngospasm). It is necessary to have at the ready equipment for resuscitation, as well as antagonists narcotic analgesics especially naloxone.

Normal picture

Normally, the mucous membrane of the esophagus has a yellowish-pink color and a delicate vascular network. The pulsation of its anterior wall at the level of 20.5-25.5 cm from the incisors is due to the proximity of the aortic arch. The mucous membrane of the esophagus at the level of the esophageal-gastric junction passes into the mucous membrane of the stomach, which has an orange color. The transition line has irregular shape. Unlike the esophagus, the gastric mucosa has a pronounced folded structure and the vascular network is not visible in it. The duodenal bulb is recognized by the reddish color of its mucous membrane and several low longitudinal folds. The distal duodenum has a velvety appearance and pronounced circular folds.

Deviation from the norm

EGDS in combination with histological and cytological examination allows the diagnosis of acute or chronic ulcers, benign or malignant tumors, inflammatory process(esophagitis, gastritis, duodenitis), as well as diverticula, varicose veins, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, esophageal rings, stenosis of the esophagus and pylorus, hiatal hernia. EGDS also reveals gross violations of esophageal motility, for example, with achalasia, but in this respect, manometry is a more accurate research method.

Factors affecting the result of the study

• Patient taking anticoagulants (increased risk of bleeding).
• Failure to comply with study requirements.
• Late sending of tissue samples to the laboratory.
• Lack of proper contact with the patient complicates the study.

B.H. Titova

"What is esophagogastroduodenoscopy" and others

In most cases of the development of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), the patient himself is to blame. Everyone knows about the existence of useful products and those that are harmful in large quantities. However, a person begins to follow the diet most often after the first visit to a gastroenterologist.

With a probability of 90%, the patient will be referred by a doctor for gastroscopy. However, each patient has a suspicion of a certain diagnosis, in connection with this, the referral may indicate different types examinations. FGDS and EGDS - what is the difference between these procedures? This question interests every person who first encountered such surveys.

Explanation of abbreviations

For the patient, there is no fundamental difference between these procedures. The research methods are identical, no differences are observed. However, there are some subtleties. They can be found out when parsing abbreviations - abbreviated spelling of the names of studies. There are three types of procedures common in gastroenterology:

It can now be seen that the difference between the different formulations of the names of the methods lies in the exact indication of the studied areas of the upper GI tract. There is also such a thing as videogastroscopy. Its peculiarity lies in the additional video recording during the study.

It should be borne in mind that "gastroscopy" is synonymous with the names of procedures such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy, fibrogastroduodenoscopy and fibrogastroendoscopy. Moreover, in practice, these studies are referred to in one word "fibrogastroscopy", and a qualified endoscopist (doctor performing such procedures) will perform an examination from the esophagus to the 12 duodenum. This will happen even if the focus is only on the stomach. Thus, for the patient, there is no difference between such concepts as EGD and gastroscopy.

Features of the procedure

The gastroscopy procedure is simple, but for many it turns out to be quite unpleasant. Therefore, before conducting the study, the gastroenterologist informs each patient about the upcoming manipulations and the technique of preparing for them.

The procedure is performed by inserting a long, thin, flexible tube through the mouth into the esophagus. For the patient, the most difficult moment is swallowing the endoscope. After that, when the tube is inside the gastrointestinal tract, the endoscopist independently regulates the penetration depth of the sensor, observing its location on the device screen.

In the clinic, when issuing a referral for fibrogastroscopy, the doctor briefly tells what exactly the preparation for the procedure is: in the evening, a light dinner, do not eat in the morning. However, this common phrases, and after them, patients have questions.

In what cases are examinations carried out

Endoscopy is the most accurate method for diagnosing any diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which allows you to clearly demonstrate the pathological changes occurring in it. This procedure is for exact definition not only the nature of the disease that has arisen, but also its location.

Appointment for procedures is carried out when the following manifestations occur:

• the occurrence of pain in the abdomen;
• the appearance of a sour taste in the mouth or heartburn;
• feeling of discomfort in the gastrointestinal tract;
• often manifested uncontrolled belching;
• difficulty in swallowing;
• the need for an analysis for the presence of Helicobacter bacteria;
• sudden weight gain or loss;
• suspicions of the development of gastritis or peptic ulcer of both the stomach and duodenum;
• the presence of open bleeding in the stomach;
• checking for neoplasms;
• suspicion of pathological change in the pancreas gallbladder or liver.

These procedures are performed as a control measure during treatment or recovery, as well as during the annual clinical examination of chronic patients.

Contraindications

There are some contraindications for performing any physiological procedures. Fibrogastroscopy is no exception. In the presence of at least one of the following points, the study may be canceled:

• serious condition of the patient;
• the presence of infectious and mental diseases;
• narrowing of the esophagus to a large extent;
• disease of cardio-vascular system in the acute stage;
• presence in the esophagus varicose veins veins;
• acute stage of bronchial asthma;
• violations of the process of blood clotting.

To facilitate the procedure, the patient must first fulfill a number of requirements. Failure to follow these recommendations may lead to vomiting during the study. These requirements are simple, and their implementation does not require any special training:

1. A light meal is recommended for dinner before the day of the procedure. It is advisable to eat four hours before bedtime, since it takes time for the complete digestion of food.
2. Alcohol, as well as spicy foods and spices, must be excluded from the menu a few days before the procedure. This is especially necessary when sampling is required, it is important for their purity.
3. You can drink water or weak, slightly sweetened tea a few hours before the test, but no later. It should be remembered that milk is considered food before such a procedure. It is considered optimal not to take liquid four hours before the procedure.
4. From smoking and brushing your teeth, in order to avoid vomiting during the study, it is advisable to refuse. Both nicotine and toothpaste provoke the stomach to produce more gastric juice.
5. Reception medicines possible only in consultation with a gastroenterologist. Moreover, the doctor must be informed in advance about the presence of chronic diseases in the patient and the drugs taken.
6. For a successful study, the patient is required not to be afraid and maintain a positive attitude. When performing the procedure, you need to breathe evenly and deeply through your mouth, try not to swallow with your nose.

During the research, any pain practically excluded. Immediately before the start of the procedure, the patient's throat is anesthetized with local anesthetics. In some cases, if indicated, the drug is administered intravenously.

The introduction of the endoscope into the esophagus is carried out with the patient in the supine position on the left side. This part of the procedure takes no more than two minutes. The endoscope, which is inserted through the mouth, does not interfere with breathing. If it suddenly becomes difficult, it is recommended to take a few deep breaths through the nose.

The entire study takes no more than half an hour, and in some cases - only five minutes. After the procedure, some discomfort due to the presence of a tube in it for some time. However, they pass during the first day. You can eat and drink after the cessation of the analgesic effect of the drug. A sign of this is the disappearance of the sensation of a lump in the throat.

The result of the study is communicated to the patient immediately upon completion. During the procedure, samples are sometimes taken for a biopsy. In this case, the result will be known in ten days. It is handed over to the doctor who sent him for examination.

The need for various diagnostic studies occurs in every second person, while the examination of the stomach is necessary for every third of us.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is a procedure that allows you to examine not only the stomach, but also the esophagus, as well as the duodenum 12. Today we will talk about the main advantages of EGDS, indications and contraindications for this study, as well as diseases that can be detected using this procedure.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy allows you to conduct a thorough examination of the mucous membrane, assess the degree of inflammation, the formation of ulcers or tumors. This procedure is the most informative when compared with ultrasound of the organs. abdominal cavity. A flexible endoscope, which is inserted into the patient through the mouth, allows not only to conduct an examination, but also, if necessary, to take material for a biopsy or to carry out immediate therapeutic actions.

The presence of a camera on the endoscope allows you to display an image on a computer screen and at the same time take pictures of the mucosal areas that were affected. There are several reasons and symptoms that may be a reason to prepare for an esophagogastroduodenoscopy:

1. Pain in the abdomen, which occurs both after eating, and independently of it.
2. Concomitant belching and heartburn, which has an unpleasant taste or smell.
3. Loss of appetite followed by uncontrolled weight loss.
4. Diarrhea, flatulence, frequent constipation.
5. Chronic cough that is not associated with colds.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy can detect the presence of an ulcerative process that can affect both the stomach and the duodenum. The peculiarity of such diagnostics is that it allows both confirming and refuting the presence of an oncological disease.

Important! Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is the most informative, in percentage terms it reaches 95%. This is many times more than from the well-known ultrasound, where significant errors are possible.

Holding e zophagogastroduodenoscopy

During the EGDS, a biopsy is almost always taken - the procedure is painless and does not bring additional discomfort to the person. With the help of an endoscope, polyps are also removed - if this does not require surgical intervention, and it also allows you to remove swallowed foreign bodies. Despite the fact that esophagogastroduodenoscopy is the most improved option for diagnosing pathologies, it also has contraindications:

• The severe condition of the patient, the exacerbation of the pathology does not allow for endoscopic examinations.
• Diseases of the cardiovascular system.
• With a significant narrowing and damage to the esophagus, when it is not possible to lead the endoscope without damage.
• Hypertension.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy allows to detect such pathologies in a person as:

1. Intestinal and gastric obstruction.
2. Esophagitis.
3. Hernias.
4. Ulcerative lesions of the mucosa.
5. Diverticula.
6. Polyposis and the presence of tumor formations.
7. Gastroduodenitis and bulbitis.
8. Heart failure and previous heart attack.
9. Hemophilia.

Important! It should be noted that the detection of most diseases on early stages development allows you to start treatment as soon as possible. This, in turn, increases the chances of a quick recovery, without the manifestation of side symptoms and concomitant diseases..

Preparatory process

Preparation for EGDS is required. With proper preparation, there are no factors that make it difficult to conduct a proper inspection. If you are assigned esophagogastroduodenoscopy, then you must adhere to the following rules:

• The stomach and intestines at the time of the study must be empty - therefore, the procedure is performed on an empty stomach. In addition, bowel cleansing occurs with the help of enemas.
• Usually, the EGDS procedure is performed in the morning - the last meal should be the night before. It is important that it be a light dinner, without content. a large number fiber products. In the morning, a person does not eat breakfast and does not drink. If the event is scheduled for the second part of the day, then it is allowed to drink water or weakly brewed tea in the morning.

After esophagogastroduodenoscopy, it is better for a person not to drink or eat for 10-20 minutes, and if a biopsy was also performed during the examination of the mucosa, then too hot or cold food should be abandoned for the next day.

Features of esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Before starting an EGDS, the pharynx is anesthetized with local anesthetics - if required, then medications are administered intravenously. This allows you to relax a person and anesthetize the process of esophagogastroduodenoscopy. You should not worry that it will be difficult for you to breathe during esophagogastroduodenoscopy - the endoscope does not make breathing difficult at all. In addition, EGDS lasts only a couple of minutes, so it is not so difficult to endure discomfort.

A qualitatively conducted study does not cause any complications in a person. The only trouble will be a short sore throat, which gargling will help to cope with. In case of emergency cases of the introduction of an endoscope, when something threatens a person's life, contraindications are not taken into account. These include foreign objects entering the esophagus and stomach and internal bleeding.

Important! You can find out how esophagogastroduodenoscopy works, what it is on the videos that many clinics provide.

At this point, the most important thing for a doctor is to save a human life. The results of esophagogastroduodenoscopy become known immediately after the procedure, in the future, with these results, you should visit your gastroenterologist, who will prescribe the necessary treatment and prescribe a diet if you have a digestive tract disease.

If during EGDS the specialist revealed inflammation of the mucosa, then in the future additional studies and analyzes may be needed, due to which clinical picture will become more understandable. Despite all its safety, esophagogastroduodenoscopy can result in complications. Approximately 1% of people develop complications that are associated with perforations or internal bleeding, so at the first sign of discomfort after endoscopy, you should immediately consult a doctor. If you are at home, it would be advisable to call an ambulance.

It is best to come to the EGDS procedure with an accompanying person - let it be your relative or friend. Warn him about all the intricacies of future research.

Important! The diet before the examination should be three days and slag-free. It is important that the products you choose are less fibrous - this will save you a lot of feces.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) - examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract using an endoscope - a long thin flexible tube with a lens at the end. The doctor carefully examines the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. If necessary, he takes a swab or piece of tissue (biopsy) for further examination. The light device at the end of the tube allows a good view of the inner surface of the gastrointestinal tract. Sometimes a video camera is connected to the device - in this case, the image can be captured on film and pictures can be taken. The information obtained is of great diagnostic value.

Early diagnosis of stomach cancer can cure more than 90% of patients. That's why preventive examination digestive tract endoscope is of great importance.

How is EGDS performed?

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is performed on an outpatient basis. Before the study, the patient should not eat or drink. The examination usually takes 10-15 minutes. In order for the patient not to feel sick when the instrument is inserted, his throat is treated before the procedure. local anesthetic. During EGDS, the patient lies on his left side, the doctor usually stands opposite. Esophagogastroduodenoscopes come in different sizes, they are also adapted for examining children.

When is EGDS performed?

Today, EGDS is a common study. This study is prescribed for frequent pain, a feeling of heaviness in the upper gastrointestinal tract, and also for suspected damage to the gastric mucosa. It can be inflammation, peptic ulcer, malignant or benign tumor. The leading symptom is tarry stools. Often the patient has general weakness, lack of appetite, paroxysmal pain in the upper gastrointestinal tract, sometimes weight loss. Painful swallowing, frequent heartburn, and sour regurgitation suggest esophageal disease. If the pain occurs after each meal, then this indicates a peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum. The study of the esophagus and stomach in children is carried out in order to identify congenital anomalies and detect foreign bodies.

With the help of an endoscope, small growths of the mucous membrane can be removed, and the place where the excretory ducts of the gallbladder and pancreas enter the duodenum can be examined. Sometimes in this way it is possible to eliminate obstructive jaundice caused by stone infringement in bile duct. If a tumor of the pancreas is suspected, a contrast solution is injected and an x-ray is taken.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, like no other method of examination, allows you to detect cancer at an early stage. Patients at risk are regularly examined. During the examination, a picture of the organ is compared with previously made ones.

What is an emergency EGDS?

Emergency endoscopy is performed to quickly establish the source of bleeding, for example, in patients with large blood loss. Bleeding can occur as a result of ruptured esophageal varices, as well as in some liver diseases. With severe bleeding from the stomach, inflammation of the ulcer or hemorrhagic inflammation of the mucous membrane can be assumed.

Is this procedure dangerous?

If EGDS is performed by an experienced doctor, then the study does not pose any danger. If it is planned to take a tissue sample, then in order to avoid possible bleeding, the study is carried out in a hospital.

A procedure called esophagogastroduodenoscopy, or EGDS for short, helps to examine the mucosa of the esophagus and stomach. The study is carried out by introducing into the human body through oral cavity a special probe in the form of an optical tube equipped with a video camera. Gastroscopy also involves taking a piece of tissue from the examined organ - a biopsy, to determine the absence or presence of malignancy in the stomach. As a rule, it is made from the most suspicious places in the body.

Similar diagnostic procedure will require careful preparation. It includes cleansing the digestive tract from the presence of gastric juice with mucus.

Requirements for preparation before conducting the study:

1. Refrain from drinking alcoholic beverages and spicy foods 3 days before endoscopy.

2. 10 hours before gastroscopy, you can not eat.

3. Preparation includes the obligatory refusal of drugs that thin the blood.

4. Alert the doctor about the presence allergic reaction for any medication.

In preparation for EGDS, it is necessary to rinse the throat with an antiseptic in advance, thereby reducing sensitivity. This will make it easier to transfer the most difficult initial moment of manipulation - the penetration of the fiberscope. You may feel pain during the biopsy. But this procedure lasts only a minute, which does not require special preparation for it.

There is a risk of bleeding during polyp biopsy due to the presence of a dense network of capillaries. This can be avoided by refusing to use anti-inflammatory drugs of non-steroidal origin and aspirin. On the day of esophagogastroduodenoscopy, it is impossible to use agents that neutralize hydrochloric acid. The reason is the injury caused by the probe due to the lack of the necessary fluid.

The preparation process includes signing a paper on the consent of the patient to conduct it with a discussion of the likely consequences and risks.

• If you have enough time, try not to eat spicy foods, seeds, nuts and chocolate - at least 2 days in advance. The same applies to alcohol.
• The last meal can be no later than 6 pm. And meals should be from easily digestible products.
• One day before EGDS of the stomach do not eat fiber, meat salads with mayonnaise, whole grain bread, fatty meats with fish and cheeses.

Dinner should consist of a green salad with white chicken meat. can be eaten steam cutlets chicken, buckwheat porridge and low-fat cottage cheese. Legumes and pearl barley are not recommended.

On the appointed day, preparing the patient for gastroscopy includes:

1. Complete refusal to eat and drink. It is permissible to drink a small amount of water 4 hours before the procedure.

2. When the patient takes medicines in the form of capsules or tablets, it will be necessary to refrain from using them so that nothing interferes with a thorough examination.

3. Stop smoking at least a day before EGDS.

The study of the stomach in this way is associated with an enhanced gag reflex. Therefore, it is very important to follow all the recommendations in order to avoid unpleasant manifestations in the process of gastroscopy.

When is EGDS prescribed?

An overview of the gastrointestinal tract is indicated in the presence of symptoms such as:

• Bleeding in the stomach and intestines.
• Vomiting blood.
• Chair in the form of tar.
• Retrosternal or epigastric pain.
• Reflux esophagitis.
• Dysphagia.
• Anemia.
• Gastric ulcer with duodenal ulcer.
• The presence of foreign bodies in the esophagus or stomach.
• Postoperative relapse.

With the help of EGDS, it becomes possible to bypass such studies as thoraco and laparotomy. The procedure allows you to find small or minor lesions that are not detected by x-rays. Also, gastroscopy of the stomach allows you to remove soft and small foreign bodies that have entered the body by simple suction. And hard and larger ones are removed with special forceps and a loop (coagulation).

Contraindications

Depending on the order in which the survey is performed, there will be limitations. For example, emergency gastroscopy of the stomach is done in almost any case, even with myocardial infarction in acute form.

But with a planned EGDS of the stomach, there are certain limitations:

• Cardiovascular insufficiency in a severe stage.
• Acute myocardial infarction.
• Severely disturbed cerebral bleeding.
• Respiratory failure (expressed).
• The recovery period after a stroke or heart attack.
• Aneurysm (carotid sinuses).
• Disturbed heart rhythm.
• Hypertension (crisis).
• Mental disorders in severe form.

All these contraindications require a medical consultation to assess the situation and determine possible consequences- how expedient it is to conduct such an examination of the stomach.

Tips for Patients

Before going for such a procedure, it is necessary to inform the doctor about the presence of the following factors:

1. The presence of an allergic reaction to medications. This is especially true for anesthetic and antiseptic drugs.

2. Diseases of the cardiovascular system with the adoption of appropriate funds.

3. Pregnancy.

4. Diabetes with insulin.

5. Previous operations and transferred radiation therapy on the stomach.

6. Pathology of the blood and the use of drugs that act on its thinning and coagulability.

Clothing is also important - spacious and not easily soiled. Do not wear tight belts, tight sweaters, jewelry and jewelry. And do not forget about moral preparation - do not worry, be nervous and afraid. It is best to come to the EGDS early, but not too early, so as not to sit for a long time under the office doors.

For gastroscopy, all previous test results, x-rays and other available examinations will be needed. Take a towel or wet wipes with you to the procedure to clean yourself up after gastric endoscopy.

How is a gastroscopy performed?

To begin with, a person is laid on the surface on his left side with his legs pressed to his stomach and a straight back. If esophagogastroduodenoscopy is done under anesthesia, then the patient lies on his back. After inserting the device into the mouth, the patient should swallow for better progress through the esophagus. To suppress vomiting, you need to breathe evenly and calmly. Through the gastroscope, air is supplied to straighten out all the folds of the stomach.

Many people have a fear of suffocating, but you should not be afraid of this - nothing interferes with normal breathing. Thanks to the introduction of additional instruments, it is possible to remove polyps with submucosal pathological formations in the stomach, esophagus or duodenum. The bleeding of ulcers in chronic and acute form also stops, a ligature is applied to dilated veins and foreign bodies are removed.

Possible Complications

Modern medicine has the latest equipment that allows you to safely do gastric endoscopy with minimal risk. Statistics indicate a 1% occurrence of complications in patients with the need to apply for medical care. Such consequences include perforation requiring surgical intervention. There is also a risk of hemorrhage, which is formed due to damage to the wall of the organ under study or during biopsy and polypectomy.

But all this is very rare. Therefore, the procedure must be done without refusing the appointment, especially in the presence of the above symptoms and indications. In this way, serious and serious disease developing in the body.