How do molars come out in children. Milk and molars in a child: features of growth and change

Greetings, dear readers! When a baby's teeth are cut, it is always painful and unpleasant. Parents suffering from a child cause a lot of trouble. And when it seems that this painful period is over, new "guests" make themselves felt. Let's look at: molars are what kind of teeth, and what are the symptoms of their appearance.

Molars in children

Most parents think that all teeth in young children are milk teeth. Subsequently, they fall out and are replaced by indigenous ones. But it is not so.

The first indigenous units of milk bite are molars. They have the largest chewing area. From above, they are diamond-shaped in shape, from below they resemble a cube. Children have 8 molars - two on each side below and above. Separate the first molar and the second molar. According to the account from the central incisors, they occupy the 4th and 5th position.

Their cutting order is as follows:

• first in mandible– 13-18 months;
• the first in the upper jaw - 14-19 months;
• the second in the lower and upper jaws erupt approximately the same - at 23-31 months.

Already after a year, parents should prepare to meet these “guests”: the first one will climb in the top row. By the age of two, the second ones erupt. The correct sequence of appearance ensures a beautiful and correct bite.

Many parents like to look into their babies' mouths and check how their teeth are climbing. Do not do this and once again worry the crumbs. Genetics play an important role in this process. No need to interfere: nature will take care of everything itself. To find out what chewing units look like, a photo of molars will help.

To help the child and alleviate his condition, it is very important for parents to know what the symptoms of teething are. Since the process occurs after a year, many children can already point out a sore spot and even say what they feel.

Signs of eruption of milk teeth

Signs of eruption are the following sensations:

Profuse salivation

If by two years this sign is not too noticeable, since the baby can already control itself, then in the year when the first chewing unit is preparing to crawl out, the bib may be all wet from flowing saliva. The symptom worries about 2 months before eruption.

whims

Anxiety, whims, disturbed sleep and appetite. If the baby is still breastfeeding, the mother may notice an increased need for lactation.

Temperature

Elevated temperature. Appears a couple of days before the eruption of the first white strip in the gum. Sometimes the temperature can reach high rates - 38-39 degrees. At this time, it is important to understand that this is a sign of an erupting tooth, and not a viral or infectious disease.

Reddening of the gums

Swelling and redness of the gums. If this happens, expect a "guest" in 2-3 days.

Cold symptoms

Often, the appearance of dental units is accompanied by more serious symptoms:

• diarrhea
• conjunctivitis;
• runny nose;
• otitis.

Each baby has these symptoms.

Readers are probably interested in whether or not the chewing units of the milk bite fall out. Of course they fall out. In their place, indigenous ones appear, which remain with a person for life.

Molars and premolars in humans

Replacing the milk bite with indigenous units occurs in the following order:

• The first molars appear between the ages of 5 and 8.
• At 10-12 years old, the first and second premolars are replaced.
• The second appear from 11 to 13 years.
• Third, or wisdom teeth, occur in adulthood from 16 to 25 years.

Doctors have noticed that recently wisdom teeth have rarely erupted. They remain hidden in the gum cavity. In ancient times, they were designed for active chewing of solid food. In modern man, such a need has disappeared, therefore, third chewing pairs become a relic.

Signs of eruption of permanent teeth

• The main sign of eruption is trema - the gaps between the dental units. They are necessary in order to make room for new "tenants". If there are no trems, the teeth begin to fight for space and overlap each other. As a result, the bite is disturbed, and the child must be taken to an appointment with an orthodontist.
• Another sign is the gradual loosening of milk units. The roots gradually dissolve, loss occurs. The process is sometimes accompanied by high fever, loss of appetite, irritability.

The correct and timely appearance of molars is extremely important for the health of the baby. This process must be carefully monitored and in case of abnormal development, contact the dentist.

Despite the fact that the replacement of the temporary dentition gives the child much less discomfort than the appearance of milk teeth, this process is also accompanied by certain side effects. Parents should know which teeth should fall out first, what is the possible reaction of the body to dentition (eruption), in order to understand whether this process is proceeding normally.

Why is milk teeth replaced with permanent teeth?

The renewal of the dentition is due to the expansion of the jaw and the formation of interdental spaces. With the introduction of complementary foods, the chewing load on the gums increases significantly, which provokes the resorption of the roots of milk teeth. By school age, the rudiments of molars are formed, the gradual growth of which leads to the loss of old incisors.

What are the signs to understand that a child is beginning to cut molars?

What symptoms accompany a child when he is teething? The following signs can be distinguished:

These symptoms do not always appear, and the child often tolerates the renewal of the dentition normally. Parents should definitely consult a doctor if the child is concerned about diarrhea, inflammation of the oral mucosa and a temperature above 38 ° C.

A high temperature appears in the evening and indicates the presence of an infection in the body. Give your child an antipyretic as soon as possible to prevent dehydration and seizures.

How is the change of temporary teeth in a child?

By the age of 6, the rudiments of molars are formed on the jaw of the child, they are separated from the milk teeth by a bone plate. These processes press on the septum, which causes the formation of osteoclasts - cells that dissolve minerals in the bone. Destroying the roots of milk teeth, they penetrate into the teeth, leaving only a crown that falls out after the roots are completely dissolved.

The scheme of loss of milk teeth by age

The roots of milk teeth dissolve at the age of 5-6 years. The central lower incisors fall out first. By the age of 8, the lateral incisors fall out, and by the age of 11, the first molars fall out. At the age of 12, the canines and second molars fall out. At this age, certain disorders of the dentition most often occur - due to lack of space, molars grow unevenly, overlapping adjacent processes.

Replacement order

It is impossible to say exactly how long teeth are cut. Often the dentition is completely renewed by the age of 14. The sequence of shifts is adjusted depending on hereditary factors, individual development and previous diseases. The order of eruption of molars:

• at 5-6 years old - molars (“sixes”), the first large teeth erupting in the free corners of the extended jaw;
• by 8 years - central (differ in a wavy edge) and upper (large size is characteristic) incisors;
• by 9 years - lateral incisors;
• up to 12 years - canines and premolars;
• up to 13 years - second premolars;
• up to 18 years - third molars or wisdom teeth, which do not erupt in everyone, but this is not a pathology.

Oral care while changing teeth

During the second dentition, it is especially important to observe the norms of oral hygiene. It is necessary to brush your teeth 2 times a day with special toothpastes for children with fluorine and calcium. For cleaning, brushes with soft rounded bristles are selected that do not injure swollen gums. You need to make sure that the child brushes his teeth thoroughly, without reducing total time procedures (3 minutes).

The liquid removes food debris, prevents inflammation of the gums and the accumulation of plaque on erupted teeth.

After the loss of a milk tooth, it is necessary to put a piece of a sterile bandage on the hole. This measure is needed to form a large blood clot blocking the access of bacteria to the open gum. As a rule, the bleeding stops within 10 minutes. If bleeding continues for more than 20 minutes, medical attention is required.

• do not eat for 2 hours after tooth loss;
• refuse to rinse in the first days after tooth loss (you can only keep the solution in your mouth) so as not to wash off the clot;
• do not touch with your fingers and do not lick the hole with your tongue to avoid infection;
• try not to touch the hole with a toothbrush;
• do not drink hot drinks and do not touch warm objects with your cheek in the first days of dentition.

To reduce the load on the gums during teething, it is necessary to temporarily exclude solid food from the child's diet.

During this period, dairy products rich in calcium should be included in the diet. To exclude the development of stomatitis, it is better to stop eating sweets and foods with starch, which accelerate the reproduction of bacteria.

Regardless of whether teething is accompanied by inflammation and curvature of the teeth, it is necessary to conduct routine examinations of the child at the dentist 2 times a year. With a predisposition to the development of caries, a fluoridation procedure is recommended. If the patient is concerned about painful dentition, anesthetic gels are used: Kalgel, Kamistad, Holisal, Pansoral, Dentinox.

Complications and methods for solving the problem

The molars often grow unevenly, overlapping each other or forming wide gaps. In addition to unaesthetic appearance, improper eruption causes certain complications - heat, inflammation of the gums and the so-called "shark" smile. Regardless of how many incisors are crooked, when the first deformities of the teeth appear, you need to contact your dentist to correct the bite.

early dropout

Loss of milk teeth in children under 4 years of age is considered pathological. The causes of this disorder are gum injuries, excessive pressure on the teeth, malocclusion. Early loss of milk incisors disrupts the development of root primordia. Subsequently, the bones will be more difficult to cut through the overgrown hole, this will lead to its curvature.

For this reason, milk teeth are removed in children in extreme cases, when the pathology affects healthy bone tissue. Caries is not an indication for tooth extraction. In this case, the affected bone tissue is covered with a protective layer of fluoride varnish. To prevent carious lesions after eruption, fissures are sealed.

To prevent the curvature of the dentition due to early loss of milk incisors, a special holder is installed. This design keeps the socket from overgrowing and saves space for the eruption of a new tooth, preventing the displacement of neighboring teeth into its place. Such a system does not require turning the bone tissue and does not cause discomfort to the child.

Drop delay

This violation is most often associated with a child's developmental delay, the destruction of the rudiments of molars even in the womb and the deep location of the permanent roots, which disrupts the process of resorption of the roots of milk teeth. When pressing on the gum, you can see how the tooth climbs - you just need to pull it slightly. However, to exclude the option of damage to the rudiment of the molar, this cannot be done at home.

It is necessary to remove the milk tooth as soon as possible in order to open the way for the eruption of permanent canines. If you do not turn to a specialist in time, the child will have a curved dentition (you can see it in the photo). If the child has a “shark smile”, after the removal of the milk incisors, the new teeth take their natural position for several months.

To determine the exact cause of the delay in the loss of milk teeth, an x-ray of the jaw is taken. If no deformation of the bone tissue is seen on the image, the old incisor is removed and the gingival hood is excised to pass an excessively large rudiment. With complete destruction of the bone, a temporary prosthesis is installed for the child, and when the molars erupt, a permanent orthodontic structure is installed.

uneven eruption

Deformation is associated with late loss of milk teeth, rapid overgrowth of the hole, exposure to the gum of solid objects or the tongue. You do not need to wait for all the milk incisors to fall out to install the bracket system, you should consult a doctor at the first sign of curvature. Early correction prevents further curvature of the dentition.

Many people think that there are no differences between permanent and temporary teeth, but this is not true. At a minimum, their number differs (dairy - 20, permanent, as a rule, 32). Temporary teeth are light in color, while permanent teeth are naturally yellower. Indigenous also significantly exceed dairy in size - it is quite easy to distinguish them visually. Here are the most common questions asked by netizens on this topic.

1. Do children have molars? Of course, there are, and at a certain point they begin to actively erupt.


2. How many molars do children have? From 28 to 32 (the maximum set appears after the appearance of all eights).


3. Which molars appear first in a child? As a rule, the central lower incisor erupts first.


4. What time do molars “climb” in children? Usually, the renewal of the dentition begins after 6-7 years, but there are no strict limits.


5. Do molars fall out in children? By themselves - no, as a result of injuries and illnesses - yes.


6. What threatens the removal of a molar tooth in children? No matter how trite it may sound, his loss. And yes, the new one will not grow. Everything is like adults.


7. What to do if a child has yellow molars? Permanent teeth are more yellowish than temporary teeth. Plaque on the molars in a child is normal, but in no case should hygiene be neglected.


8. What to do if a child has black molars? When teething, milk teeth may turn black (the so-called Priestley plaque, or pigment bacteria). However, this does not happen with molars. If they are black, go to the dentist immediately.


9. What to do if the child does not have the rudiments of molars? This happens, but very rarely. Fortunately, at modern technologies implantation and prosthetics problem is solved.


10. Is it normal for a child to have crooked molars? See an orthodontist urgently childhood correcting an overbite is much easier and faster than in an adult.


11. What teeth in children are replaced by molars? All twenty, plus new molars appear.

Molar teeth in children: teething symptoms

• Elevated temperature. During the eruption of molars in children, body temperature may rise, usually not higher than 38 degrees.


• Itching and pain at the site of the appearance of the molar. Various gels and ointments, as well as gum massage, will help relieve children from discomfort.


• Increased salivation and runny nose.

The growth of molars in children, especially at the initial stage, leads to a weakening of the immune system. Take vitamins and do not forget about preventive visits to the dentist.

When are the molars cut in a child?

Most parents are interested in the question at what age do the molars in children begin to erupt? The first rudiments are formed in the fifth month of pregnancy. The exact timing of their appearance has not been determined and depends on individual features organism. Nonetheless, exemplary scheme eruption of molars in children exists. If the appearance of a permanent tooth is delayed for more than six months from the extreme threshold (especially after the loss of a milk tooth), contact a specialist. The doctor will take control of the process and be able to identify complications.

The scheme of growth of molars in children

In most cases, a permanent tooth appears 3 to 5 months after the temporary tooth falls out. The order of eruption of molars is in many ways similar to the appearance of milk teeth. The first molars in children are the central lower incisors. The upper permanent teeth develop later than the lower ones when viewed in pairs.

Complications during cutting

• Delayed appearance of permanent teeth. This may be due to genetic characteristics, problems immune system and a number of other diseases.


• Uneven dentition and other bite anomalies.


• Hyperdentia. A child's molar tooth (or teeth) grows in the second row. Hyperdentia, or supernumerary teeth - enough a rare event, however, requires the intervention of a dentist to eliminate the risk of malocclusion in a child.

Common problems with molars in children

Molar teeth in children require even more thorough care than in adults. Weak enamel is much more susceptible to the effects of carious bacteria and the external environment, and the love of sweet and carbonated drinks does not add strength to it. When children have a permanent bite, parents need to take special control of oral hygiene and diet (at least until the age of 14-15, when the teenager himself begins to realize the importance of dental health). In general, there are no difficulties here: in order to keep children's teeth strong and healthy, you need to follow a few basic points.

• Daily hygiene. Brush your teeth at least twice a day, use dental floss and special conditioners.


• Proper Diet nutrition. Limit your intake of sweets and carbohydrates.


• Preventive visits to the dentist at least once every six months. If necessary, fluoridation and sealing of molars in children (the so-called fissure sealing).


• Do not forget to wear a protective mouthguard when playing games and playing sports.

Most moms and dads believe that molars are permanent teeth that are replaced.

In fact, molars are both temporary and permanent.

The first inhabitants in the oral cavity

Therefore, you don’t really need to worry if the tooth erupted earlier or a little later than the due date. But it is worth paying attention to the order in which the teeth erupted and fell out, since there is still an approximate order in which the teeth appeared.

Signs of the appearance of molars

The eruption of molars in children is accompanied by unpleasant symptoms. As a rule, it is the first molars that give the child the most trouble.

He experiences pain, becomes capricious and irritable, sleeps poorly, refuses to eat, or vice versa often requires breasts.

The gum at the site of eruption swells and itches, the child tries to tighten everything into his mouth. A special one can help the child during this period, as well as rubbing the gums with a bandage dipped in cool water. As prescribed by the doctor, the gums can be lubricated with an analgesic gel.

Baby teethers

The process of molars eruption usually lasts 2 months, all this time the baby has increased salivation.

To avoid irritation of the skin of the chin, it must be constantly wiped and lubricated with a protective cream. The child may rise, appear, runny nose and wet cough.

Moreover, the temperature can manifest itself not only during the eruption of the first molars of milk teeth, but also with the appearance of permanent molars, when the child is 9 to 12 years old.

This is understandable: when the gums swell, blood flow increases, biologically active substances begin to be synthesized in the body, the main task of which is to eliminate swelling and eliminate pathology. In other words, the body reacts to the appearance of teeth as a disease, resulting in a rise in temperature.

At a high temperature, the doctor may prescribe antipyretic drugs based on Paracetamol or Ibuprofen to the child, which, moreover, will also eliminate the pain syndrome.

How permanent teeth erupt in children - timing and scheme

Dairy VS permanent

Many people think that only a permanent tooth has a root, while a temporary one does not, because of this it easily falls out. This opinion is erroneous, everyone has both a root and nerves, and they have a more complex structure than permanent ones, so they are more difficult to treat.

Temporary teeth are less mineralized, they are smaller in size, have a bluish tint, are softer, their roots are weaker. In addition, there are only 20 of them, while there are 32 permanent ones, if a person has not erupted "wisdom" teeth, then 28.

When the time comes for the temporary tooth to fall out, its root will resolve, and its crown either falls out by itself, or is quickly and painlessly removed by the doctor.

Permanent indigenous - when do they appear?

A permanent bite begins to appear from 5-6 years to 12-15, usually during this time a lot of dentition comes out, although in some they erupt only after 30, and in some they do not exist at all. They grow in the same order in which they fall out.

It is necessary to control the process of the appearance of permanent molars, in the case when they erupt 3 months later in time, this may indicate a serious pathology, for example, a metabolic disorder, vitamin deficiency or rickets.

This diagram of the eruption of permanent teeth in children is indicative. But the sequence of appearance of teeth in the absence of pathology should be constant.

From the beginning, when the baby is 6-7 years old, the first permanent molars (the “six” molars) will erupt behind the entire milk row. They will appear in a place where milk teeth never grew. Then temporary teeth are replaced by permanent ones, exactly in the same order as they erupted.

First, two incisors are changed on both jaws, then two more. After them, small molars (“fours”) or premolars erupt.

They change when the child is 9 to 11 years old, the second premolars or "fives" should erupt before the age of 12. Until the age of 13, fangs erupt.

Following them, in an empty place at the end of the dentition, the second large molars (“sevens”) erupt. They change until the age of 14.

The last to erupt are the third molars, the "eights" or "wisdom teeth". In some, they appear before the age of 15, in others much later, in others they may not be at all.

What are they like on the inside?

Permanent molars are divided into small (premolars) and large (molars). An adult has 8 small molars, located 4 above and below. Their main function is to crush and crush food.

They appear in place of lost milk molars. Premolars combine the features of large molars and canines.

They have the shape of a rectangle, on the chewing surface there are 2 tubercles separated by a fissure. The small molars of the upper jaw are similar in shape, but the first premolar is slightly larger than the second and has 2 roots, while the second has only one root.

The lower premolars are rounded, each of them has 1 root. They differ from each other in size: the first premolar is slightly smaller.

Large molars grow behind the second premolars. There are only 12 of them, 6 pieces on both jaws. The biggest "six". Upper first and the second molars have 3 roots, the lower "sixes" and "sevens" have 2 roots.

The structure of the third upper and lower molars ("") differs from each other both in shape and in the number of roots. Some don't have them at all. Very rarely, as a rule, among representatives of the eastern equatorial race, additional fourth molars are found.

Out of my head…

If a permanent one has hatched at the site of a temporary tooth, and the milk one is not going to fall out yet, then the doctor will advise you to remove it.

Milk teeth during eruption give children the first torment, but molars are even more disturbing. They are much larger, so their eruption causes noticeable discomfort, soreness, and even fever. Some parents are often confused about which teeth are milk and which are molars, they do not know basic things: how many there are, in what order they should appear, which milk teeth fall out first.

Not every parent can figure out offhand how things are with children's teeth - whether they are milk teeth or have already been replaced by permanent ones

How do molars erupt in children?

By the end of the first year of life, the baby should already have 8 milk teeth. Their earlier or later eruption is also normal, because each child has an individual physical development. All 20 milk teeth should usually appear by 3-3.5 years. The whole set looks like this:

• top and bottom four incisors;
• then 2 fangs on each jaw;
• 4 premolars (as the first molars are called in dentistry);
• 4 molars (2nd molars).

All these teeth will fall out in due time and be replaced by permanent ones, only the third molars, that is, the 6th molars, immediately grow as permanent ones, because they do not have milk predecessors, as, indeed, in the 7th and 8th . Many parents believe that milk teeth are without roots, that is, they will easily fall out on their own. However, milk teeth have the same structure as permanent teeth: they have a root, nerves, and enamel. By the way, the milk nerves have a more complicated structure, which makes such teeth more difficult to treat. In addition, they are much more vulnerable, because the enamel still contains few minerals - in case of damage or caries, the child experiences the same pain as an adult. When the time comes for a milk tooth to fall out, the root resolves, and its crown falls out by itself or is removed easily and without pain.

After the milk teeth, the premolars appear, that is, the first permanent teeth. A change in a child can occur at the same time on the upper and lower jaws, or first on the upper. The permanent tooth is large in size, during eruption a significant part of the gum is damaged, causing it to swell, the temperature rises - the child painfully endures this process.

Within 2 months, teething occurs, the temperature may rise, the process is accompanied by abundant salivation - this causes irritation around the mouth, so parents need to ensure a dry state skin. Before going to bed, a special napkin is laid on the pillow, accumulated saliva is regularly removed, and the skin around the mouth is lubricated with special protective creams.

When do teeth erupt?

The first, as a rule, incisors climb and fall out first, too. In children, the period of teething and their further loss can vary significantly. Most clearly, the pattern of appearance of teeth can be seen in the following tables:

Here is a graph of the appearance and loss of milk teeth, however, the permanent ones appear in exactly the same sequence, but take up more space. The first and usually largest molar appears in place of the first incisors, which gradually loosen and fall out. The formation of incisors occurs from 6 to 9 years.

Following the central incisors, the lateral incisors change, and then the canines (usually in the period from 9 to 11 years). The first premolars come in at 10-12 years old, and the second molars are fully formed by the age of 13. The so-called wisdom teeth can appear as early as 18 years old, but the time can last up to 25 years. Sometimes the “eights” do not appear at all, but this is not a pathology.

Symptoms of the appearance of molars in children

Parents should know when the molars are cut and fall out, because when they erupt, there are symptoms that need to be recognized. The first large molar that appears can even scare the child himself. Recognition early symptoms will help parents to respond correctly to their manifestation and help children reduce torment. The following symptoms can be distinguished:

1. Jaw enlargement (often lower). Children's new teeth are much larger than baby teeth, so the jaw grows to make room for them to appear.
2. Elevated temperature. Since the new tooth processes are thicker and larger, the gums swell, the blood flow in them increases, and the immune system reacts to this as a manifestation of the disease. biological release increases active substances to relieve puffiness, and therefore the temperature rises.
3. Increased salivation. As with the eruption of milk teeth, saliva begins to secrete intensely, only now the child is large and can take care of his mouth himself, wiping saliva, preventing irritation of the skin around the mouth.
4. Redness of the gums and other areas in oral cavity. A rush of blood can be considered a clear sign that new teeth are coming in.
5. Violation of night sleep. Pain in the gums they do not allow children to sleep peacefully: the child wakes up, tosses and turns, even cries in his sleep, the temperature may rise.

How to help the baby?

Very young children, when their teeth are cut, are recommended to give special rings made of silicone or rubber. It is also recommended to eat a lot of solid food: dried biscuits, apples, carrots. The last recommendation is suitable for preschool children.

Sore gums when teething in children can be removed by various drugs - for example, gels with lidocaine. It must be remembered that the child may experience allergic reactions, even anaphylactic shock, therefore, before using “Cholisal”, “Kamistad”, “Dentinoks”, it is better to check each of them.

The completely harmless “Kalgel” is contraindicated for those children who have diathesis (we recommend reading:). For an allergic child, “Baby Doctor” or “Solcoseryl” dental ointment is best suited.

All drugs must be used only as directed by a doctor, and the doctor can also determine to what indicators the temperature can not be lowered, because infants tolerate high temperatures more easily than preschool children. Strong fever, drowsiness, high temperature can be manifestations of the disease, since immunity during eruption is greatly reduced.