Four main questions about the health groups of orphans. What blood group does the child inherit from the parents? What does the 4th health group mean in a child

As you know, there are 4 blood types in total. The blood type is inherited genetically, i.e. the blood type of the child depends on the blood type of the parents. How to determine what blood type a child will have?

Of course, the most reliable way to find out the blood type of your baby is to do an analysis. According to the results of the analysis, you will find out both the blood type and the Rh factor. But if you wish, you can "estimate" the blood type of the child even before his birth, knowing the blood types of his parents.

The system of division into blood groups, which is generally accepted at the present time, is called AB0 system. According to this system, human red blood cells (erythrocytes) are characterized by the presence of special substances in them - antigens. The interaction of antigens affects, in particular, the compatibility of different blood groups in donors and recipients.

• I (0) - both antigens are absent
• II (A) - antigen A is present
• III (B) - antigen B is present
• IV (AB) - both antigens are present

But how does this information help determine what blood type a child has? The fact is that the inheritance of the blood type occurs in the same way as the inheritance of other traits(for example, eye and hair colors) and obeys the laws of genetics formulated by Mendel. Of course, these laws will not help to find out with 100% certainty what blood type a child has, but a certain pattern can be traced:

• Parents with type I blood will have children with type I blood.
• Parents with II blood group will have children with I or II blood group.
• Parents with group III blood children will be born with I or III blood group.
• Parents with I and II or with I and III will have children with one of these blood types.
• If one of the parents has IV blood group, then the child cannot have I blood group.
• If one of the parents has I blood group, then they cannot have a child with IV blood group.
• Parents with II and III blood groups can have children with any blood group.

For greater clarity, we offer you small table. In it, you can see what blood type a child can have with a certain combination of blood types of parents.

Table of inheritance of blood groups

In addition to blood type, it is important to know it Rh factor. Rh blood is a protein (antigen) located on the surface of red blood cells. Most people have this protein, so they are considered Rh-positive. Those who do not have this protein (and there are only about 15% of such people) are considered Rh-negative.

Many people mistakenly believe that only Rh-positive children can be born to Rh-positive parents. Actually it is not. The fact is that Rh negative is a recessive, "weak" sign. This trait may be present in the genotype, but "suppressed" by a stronger trait - dominant.

If the genotype of both parents contains both a dominant and a recessive trait, then both will have a positive Rh, but there is 25% chance their child will be Rh negative as a result of a combination of two recessive traits.

Thus, if both parents or at least one of them have a positive Rh factor, then both an Rh-positive and an Rh-negative child can be born. The same applies to couples in which one parent is Rh-positive and the other is Rh-negative. Two Rh-negative parents can only have an Rh-negative baby.

As you can see, basic knowledge of genetics at the level of the school curriculum may well help determine what blood type a child has - at least approximately. And if you don't want to remember our board will help you.

Rh factor (Rh factor) is a blood protein found on the surface of red blood cells. If this protein is present, then this means that the person has a positive Rh factor, but if it is not, then it is negative. Rh factor is determined by antigen. There are five main antigens, but the D antigen indicates Rh. 85% of the world's population have positive Rh factors. How to determine your Rh factor? It is enough just to donate blood from a vein once. This indicator does not change throughout life. In the embryo, Rh-affiliation is formed already in the first trimester of pregnancy. Determining this indicator is very important for a future mother, since in the case of an Rh-negative mother and a Rh-positive child, various pregnancy complications are possible. In this case, it will be especially important to follow the doctor's instructions, to avoid infectious and colds as well as stress. Also on different sites there are so-called calculators that determine the Rh factor of the unborn child.

It must be remembered that blood is taken on an empty stomach. An express test for Rh affiliation can be taken at any independent laboratory where blood is taken (for example, Invitro). The price depends on the price list of the clinic itself. You can find out about the cost of the analysis immediately before delivery. You can also donate blood and find out your Rhesus for free if you become a donor. To do this, you need to fill out a form to register yourself as a blood donor in the appropriate institution.

Also, the Rh factor plays a big role in blood transfusion. Two people are involved in a transfusion: the recipient (the one who receives blood) and the donor (the one who donates blood). If the blood is incompatible, the recipient may experience complications after the transfusion.

The most common myth among couples is that the blood type (like the Rh factor) is inherited from a man. In fact, the inheritance of the Rh factor by a child is a rather complex and unpredictable process, and it cannot change during life. But it is worth remembering that in rare cases (about 1% of Europeans) determine special kind Rh factor - weakly positive. In this case, Rh is determined either positive or negative. Hence, questions arise on the forums "why did my Rh minus change to a plus?", And legends also appear that this indicator can change. The sensitivity of the test method plays an important role here.

No less popular request on the network is "blood type horoscope". For example, in Japan, decoding by blood type is given great attention. Believe it or not - you decide.

In the world there is such a thing as a medical tattoo, photos of which can be easily found on the net. What do such tattoos mean and what are they for? Its designation is quite pragmatic - in case of a serious injury, when an urgent blood transfusion or operation is required, and the victim is not able to give the doctor data on his blood type and Rh. Moreover, such tattoos (a simple application of the blood type and Rh factor) should be in places accessible to the doctor - shoulders, chest, arms.

Rh factor and pregnancy

Rh factor compatibility during pregnancy- one of the tests that are carried out in the antenatal clinic. When a woman becomes registered with a gynecologist, she will need to donate blood to determine the group and Rh factor. It can significantly affect the course of the next nine months. If the baby inherits a positive father's Rh, and the mother's is negative, then the protein in the child's blood is unfamiliar to the mother's body. The mother's body "considers" the baby's blood as a foreign substance and begins to produce antibodies, attacking the baby's blood cells. With a conflict of Rh during pregnancy, the fetus may experience anemia, jaundice, reticulocytosis, erythroblastosis, fetal dropsy and edematous syndrome of newborns (in the last two cases, the probability of death of the child is high).

Blood type and Rh factor: compatibility

The cause of incompatibility can be not only the Rh blood, but also the group.

What are the blood types? They are distinguished by the presence of specific proteins.

Four groups:

• the first (most common) - O - there are no specific proteins in it;
• the second - A - contains protein A;
• the third - B - contains protein B;
• the fourth (the rarest of all) - AB - contains both type A protein and type B protein.

First

• on the protein of the second group (A);
• on the protein of the third group (B);

Second(Rh negative) in a mother can provoke a conflict:

• on the protein of the third group (B);
• on the protein of the fourth group (B);
• for the Rh protein (positive).

Third(Rh factor negative) in a mother can provoke a conflict:

• on the protein of the second group (A);
• on the protein of the fourth group (A);
• for the Rh protein (positive).

Fourth does not conflict with any other group.
The only case where it is possible immune response: if the mother has the fourth group and Rh is negative, and the father is positive.

Table 1. Statistics

Blood type and Rh - pregnancy without complications

The conflict does not arise if the spouses have Rh compatibility. In this case, the child has Rh compatibility with the mother's body: during pregnancy, the mother's body does not perceive the fetus as a foreign body.

Rh positive during pregnancy

If you are Rh positive, then a negative Rh husband will not affect the course of pregnancy. In the case when the child inherits the Rh factor is negative, there is no protein “unfamiliar” to the mother’s immune system in his blood, and a conflict will not arise.

• Rh-positive mother + Rh-positive father = Rh-positive fetus
  The child has inherited the positive Rh factor of the parents, and the pregnancy will pass without complications.
• Rh positive mother + Rh positive father = Rh negative fetus
  Even if the parent's Rh factor is positive, the baby can get negative. In this case, you can still talk about the compatibility of Rh factors during pregnancy: the mother's body is "familiar" with all the proteins in the child's blood.
• Rh-positive mother + Rh-negative father = Rh-positive fetus
  It is positive for the mother and the fetus, during pregnancy there is no conflict.
• Rh positive mother + Rh negative father = Rh negative fetus
  Although the mother and fetus have a different blood Rh factor (the mother and child have positive and negative, respectively), there is no conflict.

As already mentioned, blood Rh is a protein. And since this protein is already present in the mother’s body, the blood of the fetus does not contain components that are unfamiliar to the mother’s immune system.

Rh factor negative during pregnancy

Negative Rh during pregnancy is not always a sentence for the baby. The main thing is that it should be the same for both the baby and the mother.

• Rh negative mother + Rh negative father = Rh negative fetus
  The baby inherited the Rh factor of the parents. And since both the mother and the fetus have no protein (rhesus) in the blood and their blood is similar, then there is no conflict.
• Rh negative mother + Rh positive father = Rh negative fetus
  This is one of the cases when the Rh factor is very important: the compatibility of the blood of the mother and the fetus affects the next nine months of intrauterine life. Although the woman is Rh negative during pregnancy, it is good that the fetus is also Rh negative. There is no Rh in the mother's blood, nor in the blood of the fetus.

When does an Rh-conflict pregnancy occur?

Rh negative mother + Rh positive father = Rh positive fetus
Please note: whatever the mother's group, a negative Rh during pregnancy becomes a cause of conflict. In this case, the fetus inherits it from the father and brings the "new protein" into the body of the Rh-negative mother. Her blood "does not recognize" this substance: there is no such protein in the body. Accordingly, the body begins to defend itself and produce antibodies. They cross the placenta into the baby's blood and attack his red blood cells. The fetus tries to defend itself: the spleen and liver begin to work hard, while they increase significantly in size. If a child has few red blood cells, he develops anemia, or anemia.

What causes Rh conflict during pregnancy?

Rh-negative women should monitor their body very carefully and listen to its signals.
This attitude will help prevent:

• dropsy (fetal edema);
• anemia
• miscarriage;
• violations of the brain, speech or hearing of the child.

To protect the baby from these consequences, women with a negative Rh during pregnancy should take all the tests that the doctor prescribes on time.

What to do if you have an Rh-conflict pregnancy?

If your chosen one and you have Rh factors positive and negative, respectively, this must be taken into account when planning a pregnancy. Often, the Rh conflict does not appear during the first pregnancy, although the parents have a different Rh factor. Whatever the blood type of the future mother (Rh negative) during pregnancy, during the second birth, the likelihood of a conflict is very high, since her blood most likely already has antibodies.

Rh negative during pregnancy

There is a vaccine - anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin, which prevents Rh conflict during pregnancy. It binds the antibodies that the mother's body produces and brings them out. Vaccination can be done during pregnancy.

If you have a negative Rh, and your husband is positive, this is not a reason to refuse motherhood. Within 40 weeks, you will have to repeatedly donate blood from a vein:

• up to 32 weeks - once a month;
• from the 32nd to the 35th week - 2 times a month;
• from the 35th to the 40th week - once a week.

If Rh antibodies appear in your blood, the doctor can detect the beginning of the Rh conflict in time. In a conflict pregnancy, immediately after childbirth, a newborn is given a blood transfusion: the group, Rh factor should be the same as that of the mother. This is especially important in the first 36 hours of a baby's life - mother's antibodies that have entered the child's body are neutralized by "meeting" familiar blood.

When can immunoglobulin prophylaxis be carried out?

To prevent conflict in subsequent pregnancies, Rh-negative women should be prophylactic. This is done after:

• childbirth (within three days);
• abortion;
• analysis of amniotic fluid;
• spontaneous miscarriage;
• ectopic pregnancy;
• detachment of the placenta;
• transfusions.

Remember: if your group and Rhesus are different with your baby, this is not an indicator that there will definitely be problems. Group and Rhesus are just the presence or absence of specific proteins in the blood. The reaction of the body and the development of pathologies in our time can be successfully controlled with the help of drugs. Your attention to your body, as well as an experienced doctor, will help you bear a healthy baby.

How do the chances of conception depend on the blood type?

Quite a lot is already known about the influence of blood groups, for example, on the likelihood of developing Alzheimer's disease, oncological diseases, blood clots, etc. However, virtually nothing was known about the effect on fertility. And finally, thanks to the efforts of Turkish doctors, a study appeared in this area.

A study published last week says that men with type 0 are four times less likely to develop impotence compared to guys with other blood types. Specialists from Ordu University in Turkey noted that blood type is as important a risk factor as smoking, being overweight, and high blood pressure. The reason is not clear, but scientists have said that in people with blood type A, the penis has a large number of veins, the membrane of which can be damaged, which leads to erectile dysfunction.

Blood type also affects female fertility. Girls with the second group are more likely to bear a healthy child for a long time than with the first. Studies have shown that women with the first group quickly deplete their egg reserves early in life. But at the same time, women with type 0 have a lower risk of developing preeclampsia - high blood pressure during pregnancy, which can be dangerous for mother and baby.

Naturally, representatives of the rest of humanity should not panic either (of which, by the way, there are a little more than half, because the people of the 1st group account for just over 40%) - a higher probability does not mean a 100% chance. As well as representatives of the "happy" group, you should not relax ahead of time - a reduced risk does not mean zero at all.

As you can see, few couples manage to completely get rid of strict geneticists - children with any blood type can only happen if one parent has a second group and the other has a third. In all other cases, there are restrictions.

Doesn't fit?

Your blood type does not match the table value? And what to do? Well, recheck the tests, and then? - I have three explanations for this situation (they are in descending order of probability: first the most common case, last - the most exotic).

1. You are the result of the horns.(According to firms conducting, a third of their male clients find out that they are raising other people's children. Let's make allowances for the fact that this third probably had some reason to turn to genetics, i.e. among them the likelihood of horniness higher than the average - and we get 15-20%. Approximately every fifth woman conceives a child from one, and "he is yours" says to another.)

2. You are a foster child.(About 1.5% of the total number of children are adopted in Russia).

What to do?- Bow down to the ground to your adoptive parents and love them even more than before. Think about it: native parents forgive their children for their terrible and, because “native blood”, “grows up - grows wiser”, “he is good himself, it is his friends who influence him badly”, and so on, and similar nonsense. After all, if native the child will not go too far, then his parents will not go anywhere, they will not put him beyond the corner. But if you have been tolerated for so many years reception rooms parents... - They are holy people!

3. You are the result of a mutation.(The probability is about 0.001%.) There are two known mutations that can affect the blood type:

• cis-position of genes A and B (allows a parent with 4 blood groups to have a child with 1 group, probability 0.001%);
• bombay phenomenon(it allows anything in general, but the probability among Caucasians is even less - only 0.0005%).

(The mechanisms of these mutations are discussed in the elective.)

What to do? If you didn't like the first two options - believe to the third. One thousandth of a percent is, of course, one in a hundred thousand people, not very common. But the courts, cunning, because of this one hundred thousandth do not consider the blood type as proof or refutation of paternity, give them.

For those who did not match: by which you can determine the relationship.

The everyday life of the laboratory, which is addressed by mismatched parents, is described in the article

When planning a pregnancy, a married couple needs to undergo certain examinations. At the same time, it is important to find out the compatibility of blood types for conceiving a child, because this will avoid many complications during gestation and ensure the healthy development of the baby.

What is the blood

You can take a special analysis to determine the blood type of parents and the Rh factor at any clinic. The results will help the gynecologist make the right appointments during the gestation period in order to minimize the possible influence of different Rh factors of parents on the baby.

The blood typing system is based on specific sets of A and B proteins. Geneticists define them as alpha and beta agglutinogens.

Group 1 - alpha and beta agglutinogens are absent

Group 2 - alpha agglutinogens are present

Group 3 - beta agglutinogens are present

Group 4 - alpha and beta agglutinogens are present

You also need to know the value of the Rh factor, since it is he who affects the compatibility of blood for conception. Allocate Rh factor negative and positive. In the event that human erythrocytes contain specific proteins and antigens, a positive Rh is diagnosed. If they are absent, it is negative.

There is an opinion that women with the first group do not experience problems with bearing and they have healthy babies. Such people are the best donors, because this blood type has excellent compatibility with all others (in case of a Rh match). It is believed that these people prefer to eat meat products. It is believed that people with the second blood type are more fond of vegetable and fruit dishes. And on the third - they prefer flour.

Myths about compatibility

On the Internet, a compatibility table for the blood type for conceiving a child roams.

Allegedly, women with the first blood group are incompatible with men of the second, third and fourth. Women with the second - with men who have the third or fourth group, etc. There is another opinion: if the spouses have the same blood type, then conception is unlikely, or in this case, weak children are born.

Obstetrician-gynecologists say: all this is complete nonsense. Such tables have nothing to do with medicine, they are completely invented by unscrupulous "healers" or illiterate authors of articles. The blood of the parents does not affect the conception of the child!

To remove the last doubts, conduct a small survey of your own parents, relatives or friends who have children. You will see that babies are born to couples with a wide variety of combinations of blood types: 1 and 2, 2 and 4, 1 and 4, and so on.

In some rare cases, a woman cannot become pregnant due to a so-called immunological incompatibility. The seminal fluid of a man contains certain components that are rejected immune system women. The partner develops a kind of "allergy" to the man's sperm. In some articles, this phenomenon is associated precisely with the blood type. But blood has nothing to do with it, this phenomenon is of a completely different order. By the way, such incompatibility is successfully treated.

Rhesus conflict

When parents have the same Rh factor, it is safe to say that they will have excellent compatibility. Determination of compatibility by Rh factor is an important component in planning pregnancy. Having the right information and, accordingly, receiving the right medical treatment, such couples can significantly reduce the risk of spontaneous abortions and avoid problems with the health of the unborn baby.

If the mother has a Rh plus sign, and the father has a minus sign, then this will not affect conception in any way. Moreover, geneticists say that in most cases, the baby is also born “positive”. In this case, we can say that the parents are compatible for conceiving a child.

If the situation is the opposite (mother - minus, father - plus), then this can lead to certain problems. If the child inherits a negative Rh from the mother, then everything will be fine. If the fetus has +, and the pregnancy is not the first, then a conflict is possible.

See table.

The conflict will not affect conception, but it may interfere with the natural development of the fetus or the pregnancy may end in spontaneous abortion.

The female body perceives the baby as something alien, from which you need to get rid of. Active confrontation between mother particles and protein in the cells of the baby leads to a conflict that significantly affects the condition of the fetus. And pregnancy is accompanied by such unpleasant complications as severe toxicosis, general weakness and severe fatigue.

pregnancy and rhesus

Even if a woman is Rh negative and a man is Rh positive, conflict usually does not occur at the first conception, since the mother's body has not yet developed antibodies to foreign proteins. Therefore, it is especially dangerous for Rh-negative women to have an abortion if she is pregnant for the first time.

But subsequent pregnancy due to exposure to antibodies, as a rule, causes certain difficulties. Provoke an increase in the number of antigens the following diseases mothers:

• preeclampsia;
• Diabetes;
• Increased tone of the uterus.

The result of such a conflict can be anemia, jaundice, dropsy in a baby. However, this does not mean that such couples do not have a chance to give birth. If all the recommendations of the attending physician are followed, a healthy child will be born.

• Find out the Rh factor of the baby with a chorion biopsy;
• Periodically destroy antibodies by administering immunoglobulin;
• If necessary, puncture the umbilical cord of the fetus;
• Appointment of anti-allergic drugs and vitamin complexes;
• If a danger to the life of the mother or child is predicted, induce labor.

The best way out in this situation would be to register with a gynecologist long before pregnancy planning, if you want a second child. In this case, the woman will be prescribed the introduction of anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin, which will significantly reduce the risk of possible complications.

What group will the child have

Parents are also interested in what group and Rhesus their baby will have. Will they inherit the characteristics of the blood of mom or dad, or will their indicators be different? Geneticists say that children inherit blood counts in the same way as other signs.

If mom and dad are owners of the first blood group, then their crumbs will also not have an antigen in the blood;

Parents with the first and second group will pass on their groups to the offspring;

If the spouses are owners of the fourth group, then their child can be born with any indicator other than the first;

The presence of parents of groups 2 and 3 makes it possible for the baby to be born with any of the four possible groups.

As for the Rh factor, everything is much simpler here. The presence of negative indicators in parents indicates that the child will be born with the same sign. If mom and dad have different rhesus, then the baby can have both positive and negative rhesus.

Competently: obstetrician-gynecologist answers questions

Our consultant is an obstetrician-gynecologist Elena Artemyeva.

- I have 1 positive blood type, and my husband has 1 negative. Is this bad for our unborn child?

- Not. Such a difference will have no effect on either conception or pregnancy.

- Both my husband and I have the third group, Rh positive. I heard it's bad for conception.

- Blood type does not affect conception in any way.

- I can't get pregnant. Could this be due to the fact that my husband and I have the same blood type (2) and the same Rh factor (+).

- No, he can not. Look for the cause in the state of reproductive health, you need to be examined.

- If I have 1 negative and my husband has the same, is it bad for the unborn child?

- No, in your case there will be no Rh conflict, since the child will have a negative Rh factor.

I am Rh negative and my husband is Rh positive. The first child was born healthy. During the second pregnancy, the doctors did not detect the conflict in time, and the child died. What now to do so that the third pregnancy goes well?

- You need to prepare for such a pregnancy in advance. One option is to "purify" the blood of already existing antibodies (for example, using plasmapheresis), so that the risk is minimal. During pregnancy, antibodies to the Rh factor should be monitored monthly. As soon as signs of sensitization appear, do plasmapheresis.

Another option is to do eco. In this case, Rh-negative embryos are identified and implanted.

I have negative blood, my husband has positive blood. Pregnancy the first, passes normally. Is it necessary to put immunoglobulin after childbirth so that there is no conflict during the next pregnancy?

- Yes, this must be done within the first 72 hours after delivery.

Parents during the period of bearing a child are already interested in learning as much as possible about the future baby. Of course, it is impossible to determine the color of the eyes or the character of an unborn baby. However, if you turn to the laws of genetics, you can quickly calculate some characteristics - what blood type the child will have and his future Rh factor.

These indicators are directly dependent on the properties of the blood of the mother and father, and, having become familiar with the ABO blood distribution system, according to which all blood is divided into 4 groups, mom and dad can easily figure out the processes of inheritance. Tables compiled on the basis of a study of the likelihood of borrowing will also help to calculate the blood type and Rh factor of the unborn child.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, scientists discovered four blood groups with individual antigenic characteristics of red blood cells. In two blood categories, antigens A and B were present, and in the third they were not present at all. A little later, studies revealed another blood group with the presence of antigens A and B in it at the same time. Thus, the system of dividing blood into ABO groups was born, where:

• 1 (O) - blood without antigens A and B;
• 2 (A) - blood with the presence of antigen A;
• 3 (B) - blood with the presence of antigen B;
• 4 (AB) - blood with A and B antigens.

With the advent of the ABO system, geneticists proved that the principles of forming a blood group in a child are identical in nature, and this pattern made it possible to form some laws of genetics about borrowing blood belongings.

In humans, the inheritance of the blood type occurs from parent to child, through the transfer of genes informed about the content of antigens A, B and AB in the erythrocytes of the mother and father.

The Rh factor, like the blood type, is determined by the presence of a protein (antigen) on the surface of human red blood cells. When this protein is present in red blood cells, the person's blood is Rh positive. However, there may not be a protein, then the blood acquires a negative value. The ratio of Rh factors in the blood of the population of positive and negative affiliation is 85% to 15%, respectively.

The Rh factor is inherited according to the predominant dominant trait. If the parents are not carriers of the Rh factor antigen, then the child will inherit the negative blood affiliation. If one of the parents is Rh-positive and the other is not, then the baby is 50% likely to be a carrier of the antigen. In the case when the mother and father are Rh-positive, the child's blood in 75% of cases will also acquire a positive value, however, it is likely that the gene of the closest blood relative with negative blood will pass to the child. The Rh factor borrowing table for the blood type of the parents is as follows:

Rh moms	Rh father	Rh baby
+	+	+ (75%), – (25%)
+	—	+ (50%), – (50%)
—	+	+ (50 %), – (50%)
—	—	– (100%)

Determining the blood type of a child by the blood group of the parents

The blood group is transmitted to children from parents according to their common genotype:

• When the mother and father are not carriers of the A and B antigens, the child will have 1 (O) blood type.
• It is easy to calculate the belonging of the child's blood when mom and dad have 1 (O) and 2 (A) blood groups, since only antigen A or its absence can be transmitted. With the first and third blood groups, the situation will be similar - children will inherit either group 3 (B) or 1 (O).
• If both parents are carriers of the rare 4 (AB) group, it will be possible to find out the blood of children only after laboratory analysis at birth, since it can be either 2 (A), or 3 (B) and 4 (AB).
• It is also not easy to find out the characteristics of a child's blood when mom and dad have 2 (A) and 3 (B) antigens, since a baby can have each of the four blood groups.

Since red blood cell proteins (antigens) are inherited, and not the blood type itself, the combinations of these proteins in children may differ from the parental blood characteristics, so often the child's blood type may differ and not be the same as that of the parents.

What blood type the baby should have at birth will help determine the table reflecting the inheritance of blood belonging:

Father	Mother	Child
1 (O)	1 (O)	1 (O) - 100%
1 (O)	2 (A)	1 (O) - 50% or 2 (A) - 50%
1 (O)	3 (B)	1 (O) - 50% or 3 (B) - 50%
1 (O)	4 (AB)	2 (A) - 50% or 3 (B) - 50%
2 (A)	1 (O)	1 (O) - 50% or 2 (A) - 50%
2 (A)	2 (A)	1 (O) - 25% or 2 (A) - 75%
2 (A)	3 (B)
2 (A)	4 (AB)	2 (A) - 50% or 3 (B) - 25% or 4 (AB) - 25%
3 (B)	1 (O)	1 (O) - 50% or 3 (B) - 50%
3 (B)	2 (A)	1 (O) - 25% or 2 (A) - 25% or 3 (B) - 25% or 4 (AB) - 25%
3 (B)	3 (B)	1 (O) - 25% or 3 (B) - 75%
3 (B)	4 (AB)
4 (AB)	1 (O)	2 (A) - 50% or 3 (B) - 50%
4 (AB)	2 (A)	2 (A) - 50% or 3 (B) - 25% or 4 (AB) - 25%
4 (AB)	3 (B)	2 (A) - 25% or 3 (B) - 50% or 4 (AB) - 25%
4 (AB)	4 (AB)	2 (A) - 25% or 3 (B) - 25% or 4 (AB) - 50%

According to the inheritance table, it is possible to predict the child's blood type for sure only in one case, when there was a combination of 1 (O) blood types of the mother and father. In other combinations, you can only find out the probability of what the child's blood type may be in the future. Therefore, whose blood belongs to the baby, it will become clear after his birth.

Gender of the child by blood group

There is an opinion that the sex of a child can be determined without the help of ultrasound, based on the blood type of the mother and father. Special combinations of groups give certain guarantees that a boy or a girl will be born:

However this method determining the sex of the child gave rise to many doubts, since the same couple, according to the method, can only have girls or boys during their life, and the presence of children of different sexes is impossible.

Based on science and genetics, the probability of having a child of one sex or another is absolutely dependent on the chromosome set of the sperm that fertilized the egg. And the blood type of the parents, in this case, has nothing to do with it.