Asian buttercups aviv cultivation. Asian Buttercup: Proper Planting and Care

Surprisingly delicate flowers, resembling a small rose, delight many flower growers around the world. But in the gardens of our country are quite rare guests.

Charming buttercupsgarden, or ranunculus belong to the ranunculus family, whose representatives are distributed throughout the globe. The buttercup genus includes about 600 plant species. Among them there are decorative flowering species of buttercups, which are of particular interest to flower growers and gardeners, and there are aggressive weeds that are difficult to get rid of.

Buttercup description

And yet, not one species of buttercup can be compared with the beauty of a flower Asian buttercup. In its natural form, it is found in Asia Minor, Southeast Europe, and Northeast Africa. At home, this is a perennial plant, reaching a height of 65 cm, with straight, branched stems and openwork, triple or double-triple dissected leaves. The diameter of the flower ranges from 4 to 6 cm, the inflorescence is single or collected in a basket of 2-4 flowers. Flowering lasts for a month in mid-summer. In gardens, hybrid forms are mainly found with large semi-double or double flowers of various shades.

To avoid the most common mistakes, it is important to remember that buttercup garden- This is a fairly thermophilic and moisture-loving plant. No wonder the name of the genus "ranunculus" includes the prefix "rana", which in Latin means "frog".

When buying planting material(mostly dry roots of buttercups) you need to pay attention to appearance roots - they must have healthy look, free of stains and damage, should be slightly thick and not break. It is necessary to store the acquired roots before planting at a temperature not lower than +17 ° C in a ventilated place. Rhizomes are planted in early May, when the earth has already warmed up. Before planting, the roots are soaked in water at room temperature, while they double in size.

Buttercups garden planting and care

Buttercups garden, photo which are presented here, prefer a sheltered from the wind, preferably a sunny place, or light partial shade. The soil should be fertile, well-drained, neutral to slightly acidic. Landing should be done no deeper than 3-4 cm on heavy soil and 6-8 cm on light soil. The distance between plants should be 10-15 cm. Root tubers are planted with their legs down. Usually the first shoots appear on the tenth day after planting.

Flowering starts around two months after planting buttercup garden. From one root tuber, several peduncles are obtained. During the appearance of the first buds, the plant is fed with a solution of mullein, and during mass flowering, garden buttercups need to be fed with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.

Removing faded flower stalks and regular watering prolongs the flowering period of the plant. Buttercups endure summer heat with difficulty - new flower stalks practically do not appear and flowers are pollinated worse.

To get earlier flowering, the roots are planted in pots in early March, and in the second half of May they are transplanted into open ground without destroying the earthen ball.

Reproduction of buttercups

Buttercup Asian not hardy , at temperatures below -7 ° C, the root of the plant dies. That's why, garden buttercups, care for which it consists in digging up tubers, does not hibernate in the open field. It is very important to dig up the tubers immediately after the foliage dies off, otherwise they may re-sprout, which is not desirable. The dug out root tubers are washed, the remnants of the soil are removed and, carefully, so as not to break the fragile roots, they divide the nests that have grown over the summer. Each adult tuber per season is able to form 5-7 children. Divided tubers are treated with any fungicide and stored in peat or sand in a cool place (+4 +5 ° C) until spring. The tubers can also be dried for three weeks to the state of crackers and stored in a dry place at room temperature.

During the winter, from time to time, root tubers garden buttercups (photo nearby) should be checked for fungal diseases. Having found a diseased plant, the place of the disease must be treated with brilliant green or colloidal sulfur. A severely affected plant must be removed immediately so that it does not cause disease to other rhizomes.

Every 3-4 years, the rhizomes of garden buttercups it is necessary to replace them with new ones bought in flower companies, since over time all buttercups are affected by viruses and lose their decorative effect.

Some varieties of buttercups (for example, Accolade, Amalia Gaint, Double Mixed) can be grown from seed. But most varieties of buttercup still do not retain their decorative features.

Forcing buttercups

Asian buttercups- an excellent culture for distillation. On the distillation of ranunculus planted between August and November, depending on when you need to get a flowering plant. Having created optimal conditions, the plant blooms in three months. For forcing at home, low-growing varieties or special varieties for pot culture are well suited (for example, the Bloomingdale F 1 cultivar group). The only problem with distillation in an apartment is heat in winter, due to which buttercups stretch out and lose all their attractiveness. When planting tubers, the temperature should not be higher than +10 °C, and then not higher than +20 °C.

Many greenhouses drive tall varieties of garden ranunculus all year round in greenhouses. Varieties have been bred that remain fresh in the bouquet for up to two weeks.

Buttercups have no fragrance, so they can be given to anyone without fear of causing allergies with flowers. In the most cloudy weather, with its bright colors, buttercup can cheer up the worst mood.

Varieties of buttercups

The first decorative buttercups appeared already in the middle of the 13th century. Selected buttercups appeared in 1580. The peak of popularity of these wonderful flowers was in the 18th century, at which time many nurseries offered up to 800 varieties of only one Asian buttercup, not to mention other species. Today, interest in these flowers is reviving again. Over the years of breeding work, numerous varieties have been obtained, which are usually divided into two groups:

- Persian or Asian - very diverse in shape and color of the flower, bloom earlier.

- chalmoid or African- have larger leaves and double flowers, the petals of which are bent inward.

	Buttercup variety Rose Bicolor (Ranunculus Blomingdale Rose Bicolor) flower white color, terry, and the tips of the petals are painted pink. This variety of buttercup is very similar to a small rose. Bush compact 20-25 cm in height, suitable for winter forcing.
	Buttercup variety Purple Picotti (Ranunculus Purple Picotee) petals are white, with purple coatings on the tips. The shape of the flower is terry. The bush is compact.
	Fully double flowers with tight-fitting petals. Each stem can produce up to several inflorescences. The bush is compact up to 40 cm in height, prefers drained soil and a sunny place.
	a mixture of colors that includes pink, red, white, yellow, orange and purple double flowers. The bush is 20-25 cm high. The leaves are small.
	a mixture of colors, includes pink, red, white, yellow, orange and purple densely double large flowers with sprays on the edges of more rich color. Bush 20-25 cm high. The leaves are small.
	mixture of colors. Large flowers on short and persistent stems. The bush is compact, the leaves are bright green.
	mixture of colors. The bush is compact, 30-40 cm high, responds well to top dressing. Flowers are double with sprayed tips.

Buttercup family. In total, the genus includes more than 600 species around the globe in various climatic zones. These are annual or perennial herbaceous plants, some species are aquatic plants (Ranunculus aquatilis). Many members of the family are poisonous. The leaves and stems of buttercups contain the substance protoanemonin, which can cause severe irritation of the skin and mucous membranes.

The most common species is the caustic buttercup Ranunculus acris, which is of no value to flower growers, is a weed and should not be fed to pets, such as rabbits, even in hay. This buttercup scares the kids with its name - “night blindness”.

For decorative design of the garden, flower beds and borders, hybrids of the Asian buttercup Ranunculus asiaticus are of value. Its homeland is the Mediterranean, Southwest Asia, Northeast Africa. This is a herbaceous, weakly branching plant, about half a meter high, with an upright stem. The root system is tuberous, the roots are juicy and fleshy, up to 2.5 cm long, attached in such a way that they resemble a jellyfish or an octopus in shape, this is the so-called root cone. The leaves are palmately divided, dissected, with a slight pubescence. flowers simple, correct form, red, similar to poppies, 3-5 cm in diameter, odorless. The fruit is a polynut.

Based on this species, many decorative garden forms have been obtained. On sale is Asian ranunculus or garden ranunculus. They have cut leaves with a wavy edge, and double flowers of various colors: white, red, orange, yellow, pink, lilac, burgundy, purple.

Buttercups are grown in flower beds, in borders, and very often grown specifically for cutting into bouquets. All varieties are conditionally divided into four groups:

turban-shaped buttercups - with large spherical and densely double flowers,
Persian buttercups - undersized, with simple or semi-double flowers,
French buttercups - with semi-double flowers.
peony buttercups - with large double flowers.

In our climatic zone, peony buttercups are the most popular; these varieties are less pretentious and demanding on the stability of weather conditions. Cut flowers last 10-14 days. On the bush, the general flowering continues for a month, then about two weeks later, after the end of the flowering, the leaves dry out and a dormant period begins.

Place in the garden

Buttercups prefer sunny, unshaded places sheltered from the wind. They are not planted under the crowns of trees and in groups of tall flowers and herbs. Buttercups are usually planted without neighbors, as the colorful flowers are lost among other flowers. Anemones are the only exception. They are taller and planted in the center of the flower bed, and buttercups are closer to the edge. Their soil requirements are also almost the same.

Asian ranunculus hybrids like moist but well-drained soils. They do not tolerate overdrying, but wetlands are not suitable for them either. Ranunculus garden grows well on moderately moist soils.

The soil

Garden buttercups grow well only in light and loose soil, slightly acidic or neutral pH 5.5-7. Loam soil (too heavy and dense earth) or sandy loam soil (too poor in nutrients) is not suitable for growing them. Heavy soils are loosened with sand and peat. Peat land is more suitable, but if it is too acidic, lime is added to it. However, it is also desirable to improve pure peat - add humus, both in the form of compost, and forest leaf humus (rotten fallen leaves), as well as sand, to the planting pit in the flower beds. It is important that the earth does not retain moisture for a long time, but when watering, it absorbs water well, and it is difficult to moisten ordinary peat soil well and evenly.

It is advisable to prepare and dig up the flower beds in the fall, so that the compost introduced is well mixed and the earth is covered.

Landing

If the buttercups die after planting, then there can be two reasons - too damp soil and / or cold, not warmed by the sun. Therefore, they are planted in mid-May, when warm weather sets in. And if frosts occur in your zone even at this time, then first plant the buttercup in peat pots, and only when the threat of frost has passed, transplant it into a flower bed.

If there are a lot of flowers, then peat pots can be replaced with newspaper bags. This is done as follows: a bag is rolled up from a newspaper and inserted into a disposable plastic cup. Prepared soil is poured into the bag (the same as in the flower bed), nodules are planted and covered again with earth. After planting, water very little, the soil should be only slightly moist. Glasses are placed in a place protected from the cold - on a balcony or veranda. The temperature for germination is optimally 15-18°C. When a sprout appears, the bags are taken out of the cup and added dropwise to the flower bed. Now you can water it (you can not water until the sprout appears, if there is no strong heat).

Before planting, root cones are soaked for 2 hours in warm water, or folded into a bowl and covered with a wet rag, for about 12-18 hours. During this time, they increase in size and become more juicy. They are planted to a depth of 5 cm, no more, at a distance of about 10 cm from each other. At the same time, they place the roots or legs of the octopus down in the ground. After planting, you can lightly water the ground, but not too abundantly.

Flowering occurs 2.5 months after planting.

Top dressing with fertilizers

In order for the garden ranunculus to bloom well and profusely, the plant needs to be fed. In the phase of vegetation - leaf growth, it is fed with fertilizers containing a large dose of nitrogen. For example, Kemira-station wagon. With the advent of buds, they switch to phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, for example, Kemira-Lux. Fertilizers are applied every two weeks.

Watering

Buttercup garden equally poorly tolerates both drying and overflow. Its roots suffer from drought - they dry up and die, and quickly rot in too damp soil. In this regard, buttercup is a capricious plant. And until you learn to intuitively guess the need for watering, once again feel the soil with your hand. To protect the flowers from overflowing to the bottom of the container or to the planting hole in the flower beds, pour drainage (expanded clay, crushed stone, pebbles), you can add a few small pieces of birch charcoal. With the end of flowering and with yellowing of the leaves (in August), watering is reduced.

Care after flowering

Most flower growers try to keep ranunculus root cones until next year. But there are those who throw out the old rhizomes, and buy new planting material for the next spring.
If you want to save the plants, then after flowering and yellowing of the leaves, you need to dig up the root tubers, shake them off the ground and put them to dry in a warm place for several days.

Buttercup roots are very fragile, break off easily, and rot when stored in a too humid environment. Therefore, the main concern is to keep them intact until spring. You can put them in wooden boxes on a layer of dry moss or sawdust, or put them in paper bags. And store at a temperature of about 10-12 ° C.

reproduction

Over the summer, the root tubers of the garden ranunculus form several daughter root cones, which, when dug up, at the end of summer, are carefully separated. Stored and planted next spring. The "daughters" will bloom in a year or two.
You can propagate buttercup garden seeds. But it is quite difficult to get your own seeds (seeds quickly become sterile, and viability is maintained in a very small number of seeds). But seeds can be purchased at a flower market or store.

Seeds are planted at the end of February - in March, in light loose soil (a mixture of leafy or peat soil and sand), lightly sprinkled with soil, and moistened from a sprayer. Maintain a constant temperature within 10-12 ° C, but not higher, and constant humidity - by covering the container with a film (do not forget to ventilate). Shoots appear in 2-3 weeks. Then the container with seedlings is rearranged to a warmer place, growing at 20 ° C is optimal.

Seedlings require a lot sunlight, place them on the south window and, if necessary, illuminate. In mid-May, seedlings are planted in open ground. Flowering occurs only after a year. In the year of sowing, flowering can be observed, but very little.

Buttercup garden garden in a pot

This plant has a small root system, a compact bush and can be grown in containers and pots all year round as long as it gets enough light and nutrients.

For one root tuber or root cone, a pot with a diameter of 15 cm and the same depth is enough, approximately the volume of 1 liter of earth. Expanded clay drainage must be poured at the bottom of the box or pot. The soil is ideal leaf humus with the addition of sand. Leaf humus is peat land with rotten leaves - quite loose and nutritious. After planting root tubers, a month later, you can feed with fertilizer for decorative leafy plants, and with the advent of buds - for decorative flowering plants. With the end of flowering, the tubers are dug up, cleaned from the ground and stored for 2-3 months in a cool, dry place (10-12 ° C).

In fact, for the dormant period, Asian buttercup takes less time - only 1-1.5 months, but it is not advisable to plant them so quickly. Root tubers are planted again in December. Then by the end of winter you can get already flowering plants.

The only conditions for success are a lot of light and heat. In autumn in central Russia, the weather is often cloudy and daylight hours are short, so even on the southern window it can be dark for ranunculus. Greenhouse conditions are ideal for him, where glass walls and ceilings let in a lot of light. At home, you can use artificial lighting.

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Asian ranunculus is a perennial plant with unusually beautiful flowers, but it is difficult to care for it, so the plant is most often grown in cultivation as an annual.

Asiatic ranunculus, or garden ranunculus, is most often grown in flower beds, but it can also be grown in flower pots and boxes.

Growing at home

Asian ranunculus growing in small flower pots is an ideal houseplant. This plant tolerates partial shading well, so it can grow on western and eastern window sills. For growing in flower pots, it is recommended to use dwarf plants. If you find that the stems and leaves of the buttercup have become long and light green, then the plant does not have enough light or you water it too often and feed it abundantly. To save the plant, stop feeding, provide economical watering and move the pot to a well-lit place.

Colors of rainbow

Buttercups grow vertically upwards, forming interesting rosettes of leaves that contrast beautifully with the color and shape of the flowers.

Buttercups at different times of the year

March, April: in March, you can buy Asian buttercup rhizomes. Choose strong and healthy rhizomes. Soak the rhizomes in water for several hours before planting. Plant ranunculus rhizomes to a depth of 5 cm, placing them in the ground with their roots down. 2-3 rhizomes are planted in a pot with a diameter of 20 cm (lower left). Place the pot with rhizomes in a bright room with a temperature of 10-15 ° C.

May-September: When the first sprouts appear, start watering the plants regularly. Make sure the soil always remains moist. When buds appear on the plants, start feeding the plants with liquid complex fertilizers. At this time, they can be taken out into the street.

October-February: before the first frosts, dig up the rhizomes of buttercups growing on the street and, having cleared them of the ground, wrap them in a newspaper. Store in a dry and cool place.

growth pattern

There are a large number of buttercup varieties. Depending on the variety, buttercups can reach 23-45 cm in height. Delicate flowers can be double or semi-double. Their diameter can be up to 10 cm. Buttercup flowers can be the most different color- red, yellow, orange, can be two-tone. If you plant several plants nearby with flowers of different colors, you will get an amazing composition: plant a tall plant in the center, and dwarf varieties around.

Care

Buttercups are grown from seeds or rhizomes. These plants thrive best in a warm place, but they should be kept out of direct sunlight. The rhizomes of buttercups, which grew in the garden in the summer, are dug up at the end of September and transferred to the room. For planting buttercups, flower soil mixed with sand is used, which improves its permeable qualities.

Watering and feeding

During intensive growth, buttercups need abundant watering; the soil should not be allowed to dry out completely. Special attention give plants in terracotta pots watering, as the soil in them dries out much faster than in ordinary containers. During active growth, Asian buttercups are fed with complex fertilizers every 7-10 days.

Location selection

Light loving plants. The best place to grow them is an east or west window sill, balcony or terrace. However, they must be protected from direct sunlight. Asian buttercups do well outdoors in normal summer temperatures, but remember that they are not hardy plants.

Varieties

If you are going to grow buttercups from seeds or rhizomes, then choose specific varieties. Tall varieties are hybrids with bright, almost round flowers. Plants of the Avia line are distinguished by unusual flowers. They reach 35 cm. Some varieties can be grown from seeds. The dwarf variety "Bloomingdale" blooms 6 months after sowing the seeds. It is worth paying attention to the variety "Accolade".

Purchase

In spring and early summer, buttercups are commercially available as seeds, rhizomes, and grown plants. Choose compact plants of a well-known variety with buds that have not yet blossomed. Rhizomes must be healthy. Buttercups are grown as annuals. Seeds, rhizomes and the plants themselves are inexpensive.

Possible problems

dropping buds

If the plant sheds poorly developed buds just before flowering, then this is a clear indication of excessive watering, and possibly the result of exposure. low temperatures. Move the plant pots to a warmer, well-lit area; limit watering; start watering when the plant "comes to life". After watering the buttercups, be sure to pour out the water accumulated in the stand after 20 minutes.

Mold

A gray coating on the leaves may be the result of excessive watering or too humid air. Provide the plant with normal watering and air humidity and treat the plant with a suitable fungicide. Leaves affected by mold should be cut off and destroyed.