What to do about spider mites on eggplants. How to deal with spider mites on eggplants? Spider mite, mildew, oidium

Eggplant is a fastidious vegetable, sensitive to external conditions, susceptible to diseases and pests. The harmful spider mite also loves it. The insect feeds on the juices of the foliage of young plants. If you do not take measures to combat spider mites on eggplants in the greenhouse, it can completely destroy them.

Biological characteristics of the pest

The insect, in full accordance with its name, is a member of the species of mites of the spider mite family. In size, females are slightly longer than males, whose size does not exceed 0.45 mm (females - up to 0.6 mm). Color varies from milky to orange-brown.

The pest feeds on many plants, including eggplants. Having settled on the underside of the foliage of plantations, it absorbs their juice, piercing the skin and at the same time, as if enveloping it in a thin web. The biological characteristics of the insect help resist measures to destroy it. If necessary, adult females can long time go without food, hiding in secluded places. They go deep into the soil over the winter, but in greenhouses they can remain on the surface of the frame or on the tops of the remaining plants.

Causes and signs of plant damage

The difficulty of detecting the pest is due to its small size. The presence of spider mites is judged by signs of harmful activity:

light dots appear on the leaves and gradually become even more discolored;
over time, the color of the foliage becomes marbled;
a very thin web becomes visible under the underside of the leaves;
The eggplant tops gradually dry out.

Having entangled the leaves, the mite switches to the fruits. Two weeks are enough for the complete death of an eggplant bush.

Favorable conditions for insect life are air temperatures of 28ºC and above and humidity below 55%. In cold, damp, windy weather, it hides under its web. In a year it produces more than a dozen generations, which are spread tens of meters away by the flight of cobwebs.

Consequences for plants in the absence of pest control

If you do not act decisively, the destruction of eggplants can be total:

the mite pierces the skin of the leaves and drinks the juice;
zones deprived of chlorophyll acquire a marble pattern and subsequently darken;
the foliage, deprived of juices, becomes covered with a very thin cobweb and withers, curling and drying up;
losing leaves that perform the function of photosynthesis, eggplants slow down their growth and development;
The mite, having laid eggs under the web, captures new shoots for its own nutrition. In hot weather, its offspring appear after 3 days (in any case, a maximum of two weeks), and after another week, the mature larvae will be able to lay eggs themselves;
an additional disadvantage is that a plant weakened by a spider mite invasion becomes more vulnerable to other diseases and insects.

Fighting methods

Due to the small size of the insect, it is difficult to notice the presence of spider mites on eggplants in the early stages. You have to start fighting it when its presence is evidenced by clear signs of harm caused to the plant. In this situation, measures should be taken immediately.

Sometimes agrotechnical techniques or application are enough folk remedies. In complex, neglected situations, when the spider mite has managed to multiply and take over a large number of plantings, it is necessary to use biological and chemical options. The best way is to combine various methods in order to clear the plantings of the pest and keep the crop healthy and intact.

When using any of them, severely affected leaves should be carefully collected and burned or buried deeper in the ground outside the garden beds.

Agrotechnical

Such a set of activities is at the same time effective prevention activation of the pest:

timely digging of soil. Usually it is carried out in the fall with the application of the necessary fertilizers and in the spring - immediately before planting;
cleaning of vegetation residues - tops, carrion, weeded weeds, fallen leaves, etc.;
removal of weeds and their disposal (in compost, for livestock feed or burning);
regular and complete watering of plantings - eggplants need it, but mites, on the contrary, cannot tolerate moisture;
If mite webs are found on plants in a greenhouse, both the plants and the greenhouse elements should be treated.

Chemical

Special preparations - acaricides - are effective against any vegetarian mites, including spider mites. We should not forget that the most effective of them are the most toxic. When using them, you should strictly follow the instructions, since an overdose can harm both the plant and human health.

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The list of chemicals is wide - the Plant-Pin and Ethisso preparations are produced in the form of sticks, which are inserted into the soil near the eggplant bushes affected by the pest and, dissolving after watering, saturate it active substance, Actellik is dosed in ampoules, which are diluted in water before use, Antiklesch is produced in bottles and ampoules.

Chemical mite control agents include colloidal sulfur. The product cannot be used at the flowering stage of the crop, and the last treatment is carried out no later than 3-5 days before harvesting the fruits. The first results of the treatment can be seen after 3 days, and the action of sulfur lasts up to 10 days.

The tick may have tolerance to some of the drugs - if there is no result, you should replace it with another one.

Biological

This option for insect control includes several methods:

the use of special biological preparations made from fungi and having a detrimental effect on the pest. They are environmentally friendly, the toxic substance acts selectively without causing harm to the human body;
the use of natural enemies of herbivorous mites - predator mites. They feed on vegetarian mites without touching the plants. This method is used for industrial-scale eggplant cultivation. In the conditions of a personal plot or greenhouse, it can hardly be used;
planting repellent plants next to eggplant bushes. Their smell is specific and repels spider mites.

Folk remedies

For small lesions, you can use one or more folk remedies aimed at destroying the insect pest:

In greenhouse conditions, eggplants are sprayed with infusions of tomato tops, garlic, and potatoes. The liquid will stick to the leaves better if it is made using a solution of laundry soap. Three hours after treatment (completely wetting the leaves), it is advisable to give the eggplants a shower of warm water;
an infusion of hot pepper helps (per liter of water - 100-120 g of crushed pods);
An effective remedy is garlic infusion. Two crushed heads are poured with a liter of water and left for 4-5 days, after which they are again diluted by half with water;
to treat both plants and greenhouses, use a solution of ammonia - 30 ml of tincture of the drug per bucket of water.

Preventive measures

These include almost all agrotechnical methods of pest control. Their timely implementation is the key to preventing the “rooting” of spider mites on eggplant foliage. The main ones:

maintaining sufficient humidity in the greenhouse - at least 85%;
maintaining sufficient distance between rows of eggplants;
regular watering of plantings;
systematic removal of weeds, loosening and mulching of vegetable beds;
inspection of bushes for timely detection of ticks.

There are many means of combating spider mites on eggplants: depending on the degree of infestation of the crop, you can choose one or combine several. The most effective chemicals are those that can eliminate the problem quickly. It is preferable to use preventive measures to prevent a tick invasion, keeping the eggplant harvest healthy and full.

The main cause of spider mites is dry air. For him, these are the most comfortable conditions for reproduction and existence. Frequently ventilating greenhouses and spraying plants with plain water will help reduce the number of unpleasant individuals.

What harm does
The damage caused by spider mites on eggplants can be colossal: in 2 weeks it can destroy the crop irrevocably. Failure to take measures can lead to the pest overwintering in the cracks of the greenhouse or under plant debris, and next year he will again begin to destroy the crops.

Signs of mites on eggplants
Due to the microscopic size of the spider mite, it is very difficult to detect it on the plant. Suspicions creep in only after the leaves are affected. You can see slight discolored dots on their surface. After some time, they acquire a “marbled” appearance, and the cobwebs are barely noticeable at the bottom of the leaf. After 2-3 weeks the plant dies.

Due to the fact that spider mites are classified as arachnids, ordinary insecticides (preparations for insect pests) will not help here. We need products of a completely different composition - acaricides or insectoacaricides.

Insectoacaricides. This group includes preparations of chemical and/or biological origin intended to kill insects and ticks.

Actellik. Recommended for massive plant damage. Treatment is desirable in open areas. Hazard class 2, toxic to humans. Price - 2000 rubles per 1 liter.
Fitoverm. Less toxic, unlike Actellik. Processing can also be carried out indoors. After spraying, for safety, perform personal hygiene measures. Treatment is carried out 3 times every 7-10 days. The cost for 1 liter is about 2000 rubles.

Acaricides. Chemical preparations are toxic.

Neoron. It has an ovicidal effect (destroys spider mite eggs on eggplants). Two treatments are enough for complete extermination. The price of the ampoule is 75 rubles, which, in principle, is inexpensive.
Sunmite. It also has an ovicidal effect, and therefore equally effectively destroys both adults and their eggs. The price for 1 kg is about 4,000 rubles.

Biological control method
This method is harmless to humans and animals. Its essence lies in the use of Amblyseius and Phytoseiulus (predatory mites that eat spider mites). They are sold in garden centers and some flower shops in paper sachets. During the day they eat about 4-6 spider webs and about 10 eggs laid by them. If they are completely exterminated due to lack of food, phytoseiulus and amblyseius die.

Folk recipes also help in the fight against spider mites on eggplants. Many summer residents use just these, more gentle methods. And if you have children and animals, you can protect yourself from poisoning with toxic drugs. In this group, the following most effective solutions can be distinguished:

Onion peel infusion

100 g husks from onions pour 5 liters of water.
Leave for 5 days. Strain.
Spray the plants, do not rinse.

Pour two heads of chopped garlic into a liter of water.
Place in a dark place for 5 days. Then dilute with water in a 1:1 ratio.
Spray the affected eggplants, do not rinse.

Lather the sponge with laundry soap (you can use any other soap).
Wipe the leaves or spray; the more foam the better.
Be sure to wash off after 4 hours.

Most effective method The best way to control spider mites on eggplants is to get rid of them with the help of a pest control service. Specialists take into account everything necessary, the type of infection, necessary drug, location and other important factors. It's convenient, fast and efficient.

The rapid reproduction and development of spider mites is accompanied by warm and dry air. It is necessary to ventilate the room more often or water the garden, spray with water or insecticides. You need to make it a rule to regularly weed eggplants and remove their plant debris. Use bleach in a ratio of 150 g per 10 liters of water to disinfect after harvesting the remaining crop.

Spider mites on eggplants can cause enormous damage to the crop. When it is first detected, it is necessary to take immediate action. The processing may need to be repeated to fully ensure its destruction. And if you follow preventive measures, your garden and harvest will only bring joy.

Eggplants are one of the favorite types of vegetables for many gardeners. In the middle and southern zone they are grown in open ground, and in the north in greenhouses. Cobwebs on eggplants are a sign of plant damage by one of the. If you don’t start fighting it in time, the crop loss will be 50-80%.

What is a spider mite?

The harmful insect can be found everywhere except the ice of Antarctica. It feeds on plants, eating important agricultural crops - cucumbers, grapes, eggplants and others. The size of individuals is 0.3-0.6 mm. Spider mites live in colonies of up to 100 pieces; they entwine plants with a thin web, which is why they got their name. The color changes from greenish in larvae to reddish in adults.

Ticks pierce plant leaves and drink cell sap. A whitish spot appears at the puncture site; if the infection is severe, the leaves dry out and curl up. After the eggplants are covered with cobwebs, they stop growing and developing, and after 2-3 weeks the plant dies. Pests stay on the underside of leaves, where upon inspection they find their webs. Adults and larvae take part in crop destruction.

Spider mite

Attention. Spider mites hide in the soil, under fallen leaves, in cracks, and window frames. During their life (3-4 weeks), adult females manage to lay hundreds of eggs, which are viable for 5 years. Pest control can take more than one year.

Causes of ticks

There are certain conditions in which pests begin to actively reproduce:

high air temperature;
low humidity.

On established hot days, gardeners begin to notice a marble pattern on the leaves of plants. Examining the damage, you can see that the eggplants are covered with cobwebs. The pest itself is not always visible due to its small size. It can appear on the site in various ways:

on a person’s clothing;
with contaminated soil;
by air;
with someone else's gardening equipment.

Attention. At a temperature of 28-30 0, mite eggs mature in 3 days. Behind summer period 6-8 generations can change.

To save the harvest, you need to act immediately. There are effective folk methods of pest control and chemical preparations.

Basic methods of pest extermination

The fight against spider mites begins at the first signs of damage to a vegetable crop. The pest can not only spoil the leaves, but also become a carrier of various diseases:

gray rot;
viral necrosis;
mosaic of nightshades.

Attention. The mite can also infect neighboring plants.

Folk remedies

In order not to spray vegetables with chemicals, including many toxic ones, you can turn to natural formulations. A concentrated solution of laundry soap can deal with cobwebs on eggplants.

The preparation is simple:

Grate a bar of laundry soap.
Dilute in 10 liters of warm water.
Stir the mixture periodically for 2 hours until the soap is completely dissolved.

The composition can be applied at any time during the growing season; it is safe for plants. It is advisable to wash each leaf well with soapy foam. You can add ethyl alcohol to the solution at the rate of 20 ml per 1 liter of composition.

Dry tobacco leaves are used to make a decoction. Proportion – 45 g per 1 liter of water. Before applying to plants, the product is half diluted with water.

Garlic is known for various beneficial properties, it can provide significant support in pest control. Finely chop a large head of garlic and add 0.5 liters of water. The product is infused for 10-2 hours, diluted 1:2 before spraying.

Dandelions grow in every area, their leaves and roots will become the basis good remedy against dangerous pests. You will need to pick 300 g of leaves or dig up 200 g of plant roots. After crushing the dandelion, add 10 liters of water. After 3 hours, the product is ready for use in the garden.

By collecting dandelions, garlic and soap solution together, you get a complex action product. It is used once a week in the evening.

Attention. After processing the eggplant, do not forget to pull out all the weeds and remove them from the area. Pests can move onto the grass, and after a while repeat the attack on vegetables.

What can you do to prevent spider webs from spreading on your eggplants? It is necessary to pick off and burn leaves infected with the pest. It will not be possible to save them, because it is unrealistic to remove all microscopic mites. It is necessary to promptly remove tops, weeds, and fallen leaves from the garden. If infestation occurs, it is recommended to replace the top layer of soil. Treating the soil with a 2% bleach solution is effective.

Narrowly targeted chemicals

The use of folk remedies does not always allow you to completely get rid of spider mites. In case of significant damage to plants, it is worth resorting to acaricides. Ticks belong to the arachnid family, so insecticidal preparations cannot exterminate them.

Attention. Acaricides that affect ticks are divided into two groups: insectroacaricides and specific acaricides. The first group is effective on adults, but does not penetrate eggs well.

Acaricide "Neoron" effectively fights various types of ticks. The drug does not penetrate into leaves and fruits and has low toxicity. Has a long-lasting protective effect up to 4 weeks. When exposed to it, mobile adults and larvae die. The composition is safe for beneficial insects. It is used without fear during the flowering period of vegetable and fruit crops. Spray the plants with a fresh solution, thoroughly moistening the leaves.

Contact preparation "Apollo" allows you to destroy pests on eggplants and other crops. The advantage of the composition is that it has an effective effect on tick eggs and larvae. It has a specific effect on adults - it deprives them of the opportunity to reproduce. The population is sharply reduced to a minimum. The drug is sold in concentrated form, in bottles of 0.5 and 1 liter. Apollo is different long action. When spraying, it is necessary to thoroughly wet the surface of the leaves on both sides.

The unique preparation “Fitoferm” is widely used in open ground and in greenhouses. Its feature is low toxicity; the composition can be used several days before harvest. The diluted preparation is sprayed up to 4 times per season, the recommended interval is 10-20 days.

“Fitoferm” instantly paralyzes a tick after being eaten; its high poisoning ability allows you to quickly rid your garden of pests. It is better to use the evening time to spray the drug, giving preference to windless days.

The biological preparation "Akarin" helps to quickly get rid of mites, aphids and ants. The concentrated composition is diluted 4 ml per 2 liters of water. It is recommended to spray vegetables in the morning or evening, when it is not hot outside. Eggplant leaves are processed on both sides. The result appears within 2 days, and it will take a week until the pests are completely exterminated.

Spider mites quickly adapt to the action of acaricides, so it is recommended to treat plants by various means one by one.

Information. If the vegetable crop is processed according to the instructions written on the preparation, then chemical substances does not accumulate in the plant. The harvest will remain environmentally friendly.

Preventing the appearance of mites in the greenhouse

To prevent the appearance of a pest in a greenhouse, experienced gardeners give several recommendations:

Avoid overheating the air and ventilate the greenhouse regularly.
Mulching and loosening the soil.
Maintain humidity conditions. The mite does not like water, so frequent watering (2-3 times a week) will have a beneficial effect on the plants and repel the pest.
In the fall, fumigate with a smoke bomb. Go through all the cracks of the structure with a blowtorch so that no eggs remain for the winter.

It’s worth starting pest control with safe ones. traditional methods, turning to chemicals if there is no result. Using comprehensive measures to combat and prevent spider mite infestation of eggplants, you will get an excellent harvest in the greenhouse and in the garden.

Many gardeners are engaged in a labor-intensive task, growing eggplants. Tender plants are susceptible to attack various types pests, however, spider mites are the main enemy of the future harvest. The appearance of this small, and at first glance harmless, insect is a dangerous problem that threatens the rapid death of young vegetables. Look at the photo of spider mites on eggplants to understand what crop damage looks like.

If there are spider mites on eggplants, it will be difficult to remove them completely. These arachnids have a short duration life cycle, and several generations changing during the season can get used to one type of chemicals used.

Causes of spider mites

If a pest is detected, you must act immediately.

What harm can mites cause to eggplants?

The mite is located on the back side of the leaf, where it feeds on plant juices. The green mass, after a short period of time, acquires a marble shade and a pattern of white-yellow spots. Damaged eggplant leaves darken and become covered with a thin web, curl and wither, and plant growth slows down greatly.

Egg laying will give rise to a new generation after just three days of dry weather. The mites themselves, after laying eggs, move to healthy plants.

The consequences of eggplant damage by these pests are that the young plant becomes susceptible to various diseases inherent in this family of vegetables.

If not detected and destroyed in a timely manner, spider mites on eggplant seedlings can completely destroy the crop.

How to rid eggplants of pests?

Eggplants like frequent, deep watering, while spider mites, on the contrary, thrive in dry and warm conditions. Vegetable growers have learned to fight it using the following methods:

Use timely chemical treatment of affected plants.
Change medications more often so that pests do not have time to get used to and adapt.
If you are growing eggplants in greenhouse conditions, increase the humidity level to 60%.
Trim off any damaged leaves and shoots of eggplants and burn them away from the garden.
You can try spraying the plant with ammonia. To do this, dilute one teaspoon of it in a liter of water and treat the affected eggplants with the resulting solution.
You can also use hydrogen peroxide. Take 2 teaspoons of peroxide and dilute them in a liter of water. Treat the plants until the pest is completely destroyed.

It is recommended to treat plants with special products, which can be freely purchased at a flower shop. To the very effective means for spider mites include Fitoverm, Bitoxibacillin, Akarin and Vertimek.

Now you know how to deal with spider mites on eggplant.

Prevention

If your garden beds were attacked by spider mites last year, there is a good chance that with the arrival of warm weather they will emerge from the soil and continue to destroy your crops. In order to avoid this, plant calendula in the beds - it will drive away the ticks.

Dig up the ground and destroy all remnants of shoots. To be safe, it is better to burn them.

I have been actively involved in gardening for several years now. While growing vegetables, I encountered one of the main problems - insect pests.

Spider mite attacks cause enormous harm to young eggplant seedlings. This small insect can completely destroy both a young and an adult plant in a matter of days. In this article I will tell you how to deal with spider mites on eggplants. I will list methods that are safe and very effective.

Eggplants are a treat for spider mites and their larvae. Pests feed on the sap of the plant, causing significant harm to the plant.

It is quite easy to detect the first signs of spider mite damage to a plant - small white dots appear on the bottom of the leaves.

If you do not process the eggplants in a timely manner, the leaves of the plant will subsequently become covered with cobwebs. Initially, the insect infects the leaves of the vegetable, and then crawls onto the fruits.

If eggplants are not treated against insect pest attacks, they die within 2 weeks.

Insect danger to eggplants

When cold weather sets in, spider mites hide in cracks and small pieces of wood. With the onset of spring warmth, it crawls out of its shelter and “attacks” the seedlings planted in the greenhouse.

To get rid of insect pests, you must immediately initial signs lesions, treat plants with appropriate compounds.

Pest control methods

The best folk methods of struggle:

Soap solution. Take a piece (200 grams) of laundry soap and grate it on the finest grater. Mix the resulting shavings with 10 liters. warm water. The composition must be thoroughly mixed until the soap is completely dissolved. The result should be a concentrated, thick mixture. For greater effectiveness, the soap solution after preparation should be left for a couple of hours. Method of treating the plant: thoroughly rinse the lower parts of the leaves of the plant with the prepared mixture. Use a soap composition for treating eggplant seedlings (or an adult plant) once a week.
Red pepper infusion. Take 2 pods of hot pepper, chop it and pour 2 liters. cool water. Infuse the composition for about 2 hours. Method of treatment: spray pepper infusions on the affected eggplant leaves.
Soap solution with ethyl alcohol. At 5 l. mix 30 ml of moderately warm water. ethyl alcohol (it can be replaced with ammonia). Add shavings obtained from 50 g to the resulting alcohol solution. laundry soap. Method of treatment: with the prepared mixture, eggplant leaves affected by spider mites are either sprayed or washed.
Plant composition. Take equal parts (250 g) of fresh dandelion leaves, onions, and garlic. Grind all ingredients in a blender or meat grinder. Add the resulting mass to 10 liters. warm water, mix everything thoroughly. Add grated shavings to the mixture laundry soap(25 gr.). The prepared herbal composition is infused in a warm room for 4 hours. Method of treatment: in the evening, once a week, the leaves of eggplant affected by spider mites are thoroughly washed.
Tobacco decoction. 45 gr. dry tobacco thoroughly mixed with 1 liter. water. Leave the decoction for 2 hours to infuse. Processing method: before spraying, the tobacco decoction is diluted with cool water (ratio 1:2). Treatment consists of spraying and washing the affected plant. After 2 weeks, re-treatment is carried out.
Infusion of yarrow. Collect fresh yarrow leaves (can be replaced with dried ones), in total you will need about 750 grams. plants. Grind the yarrow leaves and place in a 10 liter bucket. Then add 7 liters to the plant mass. boiling water Cover the bucket tightly with a lid and leave the herbal composition for 3 days. Method of treatment: the plant composition is used for spraying the affected plant, as well as for cultivating the soil.

To destroy pest larvae, use the following recipes:

300 gr. grind the garlic cloves, add 2 liters to the mixture. water. Spray the plant and soil.
400 gr. Grind the tomato in a blender, add a liter of water. Treat the leaves of the vegetable, as well as the soil, with the composition.
200 gr. Finely chop potato tops, pour 1 liter. water. Leave for 2 hours. Thoroughly water the soil with the resulting mixture and spray the eggplant seedlings.

Treatment of eggplants with chemical and biological compounds

Potent agents, which contain: large quantities Pesticides and insecticides are present and are very toxic. Treatment with such drugs can harm the plant crop, which will turn a healthy vegetable into a toxic product.

"Vermitek". The product is mixed with warm water in a ratio of 10 liters. 3 ml of liquid is taken. active substance. Processing method: the entire structural part of the eggplants is treated with a diluted product. For this, it is best to use spraying. A week after the first treatment, the procedure is repeated.
"Akarin." Active substance(1 ml.) Mix thoroughly in 1 liter. warm water. Processing method: immediately after preparing the solution, the above-ground part of the vegetable crop is processed. Spraying is recommended only in dry and windless weather.
"Aktofit". A solution is prepared based on 4 ml. active drug and 1 l. warm water. Method of treatment: while the growing season lasts for eggplants, it is recommended to carry out 2 treatments (spraying) with freshly prepared active composition.
"Apollo". To prepare a biological composition, mix 2 ml with 5 liters of warm water. the specified drug. Method of treatment: during the growing season, eggplants need to carry out 2 spraying treatments.

During the growing season, you can treat eggplants affected by spider mites with the following chemicals:

"Tiovit Jet". The fungicide is an analogue of colloidal sulfur. To prepare the composition, 50 grams are required. dilute the drug with 10 liters. water. Treatment should be carried out 4 times during the entire growing season.
"Envidon." Preparation: 3 ml. dilute the active drug in 5 liters of water. During the growing season, it is necessary to process eggplants twice.
"BI-58". Preparation: dissolve 2 ampoules of this drug in a 10 liter bucket. First, the first treatment is carried out, then, after 4 weeks, the treatment is repeated.
"Sunmite." Active drug provides prevention against spider mite attacks for one and a half months. Preparation: thoroughly stir 1 gram in a liter of water. powdered drug. Eggplant processing is carried out in dry and windless weather.

Prevention

If eggplants grow in greenhouse conditions, it is important to humidify the air and never allow it to overheat.”

Preventive actions:

regularly loosen the soil;
weed weeds in a timely manner;
after the autumn harvest, dig up the beds;
maintain the required humidity concentration in the greenhouse;
water the plants regularly;
systematically inspect eggplants;
If beginning signs are detected, immediately remove the infected leaves and process the vegetable.

Conclusion

The spread of the pest on eggplant seedlings can completely destroy the crop.
For early lesions, it is recommended to use traditional methods.
If the activity of spider mites has affected most of the eggplant crop, then it is necessary to treat the affected seedlings with chemical and biological agents.
Prevention of spider mites is the key to a healthy and healthy harvest.