Fraser - who is this? The meaning and origin of the word. "Fraer": the meaning of the word in Russian

The dictionary deciphers, explains, comments on abbreviations, incomprehensible words and expressions (marked in italics in the dictionary), found in the text of the books of the series "Criminal Russia. Prisons and Camps", no. 1-3.

Words from prison jargon (or having a meaning in prison jargon other than in common Russian language) are marked with the letter "t", the professional jargon of employees ITU? letter "c", official terms and abbreviations - the letter "o". In the case of words that have the same meaning, the definition is given for the word used more often, synonyms or euphemisms have the appropriate reference. For words whose frequency of use is approximately the same, the explanation is given to the word located first in the directory.

When compiling the dictionary, the "Handbook on Gulag Jacques Rossi * (in the text of the dictionary it is indicated "ZhR"). The book of Jacques Rossi is mainly connected with the realities of Soviet prisons and camps of the 30-50s, comparing the meanings of modern jargon words with the definitions given by ZhR, sometimes makes it possible to judge changes that have occurred in the prisoner subculture over the past 40 years.

When clarifying the meaning of some terms in the dictionary, the book “With vocabulary of prison-camp-thieves jargon (speech and graphic portrait of a Soviet prison)** (marked as “B” in the text of the dictionary).

*Jacques Rossi. Guide to the Gulag. - M.: CLEARANCE, 1991. - Part 1-2.

At the end of the dictionary is the correspondence between the articles of the criminal codes of the former Soviet republics (meaning the articles mentioned in the books of the series “Criminal Russia. Prisons and Camps”, issues 1-3) with the articles of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR of 1961.

The last of the documentary materials included in the collections refers to 1993. This dictionary does not name the correspondence between the articles of the “old” and “new” criminal codes of Russia.

Authority (t) - the representative of the highest group in the informal hierarchy of prisoners (see. thieves, thief in law). In prison slang, the word is used, as a rule, in the plural: " authorities".

The informal order that operates in the community of prisoners is extremely authoritarian, so the real situation in the shadow life ITU, SIZO or parts thereof (camera , PKT, ShIZO etc.) is determined by the personal characteristics of those in power authorities and the existence of a connection of this institution with influential authorities at will or in other ITU, as well as the tactics that local workers adhere to operational services. see also correct concepts, correct zone, prison law, dismantling, thieves, thieves.

It should be noted that in general colloquial Russian the word authority more often used in a meaning close to English influence (influence), and is opposed in meaning to the word “power”, but does not complement it. Power exists in the space of formal structures, influencing people through a system of statuses, prestige, positions, sanctions. authority obey voluntarily, sometimes sacrificing their own benefits and interests.

Authoritative (t) - a prisoner who has a high status in one of two groups ( suits) the informal hierarchy of prisoners: thieves and men. It is not used in relation to representatives of such informal groups as goats, devils, lowered and etc..

Activist (s) - a prisoner openly collaborating with the administration ITU, entered into sections,"amateur organizations of convicts". According to JR: "as opposed to collaborating with opera snitch, activist is an open collaborator, actively participating in labor competition, campaigning, etc. "With the external similarity of the definitions of this term for Gulag 30-50s and the correctional labor system of the 60s-80s, it should be noted that during the period described by ZhR, activists did not constitute, as at present, a separate group in the informal hierarchy of prisoners (see. goat).

Prisoner (t) - 1) professional criminal, 2) thieves', 3) respected, authoritative a prisoner.

Athlete (t) - see fighter.

Cormorant (t) - a hooligan (sometimes - a person convicted under article 206 Russian Criminal Code). The word has a contemptuous connotation; authoritative, respected prisoners, even those convicted of hooliganism, cormorants not accepted.

Mess - mess in zone(or in the camera). From mess differs in that lawlessness is a deliberate violation by the administration or false thieves those norms and rules that are recognized and supported by the other part zones(or cameras) mess but it is the absence of any rules and general licentiousness, as a result of which people also suffer.

Violation of the rules and infliction, on the part of others, of harm to the prisoner in unclear circumstances, when the victim himself does not offer decisive resistance and does not then seek justice, is called rigmarole.

Huckster is a speculator. Convicted of profiteering or selling tea, cigarettes, "wheels" in zone.

The White Swan (t, s) is the informal name for prison-type institutions located in eight regional forest camp administrations. Official name white swan -EPKT(see below). The first White Swan(Usolskoe Forest Department ITU, Northern Urals) is sometimes called the All-Union BUR, because "negatively minded convicts" from various regions of the USSR were gathered here.

The exact origin of the name White Swan unknown. According to one version, the first prison of this type was built on the site where there was a forest glade with the same name (Solikamsk).

Beskonvoynik (raskonvoynik) - a prisoner who has received the right to free movement (within certain limits) outside zones as well as to and from work.

Lawlessness (t) - lack of order, arbitrariness, lawlessness.

Outrageous thieves, woolen- open violent violation prison law from the side thieves or woolen towards other prisoners.

Cop lawlessness - lawlessness, super-cruelty, sadism towards prisoners by the administration of the colony or other officials, for example: a prosecutor, an inspector of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, etc. A proverb characterizing this species lawlessness: "The law is the taiga, the bear is the prosecutor."

Mayhem ny(t) - lawless, in terms of norms and rules prison law.

Mayhem box(t) - more often - a prisoner, less often - an employee ITU who creates lawlessness, arbitrariness.

Beach - the same as crap or Chushkan, - a weak-willed person, always falling into dependence on others and quickly sinking. He cannot lead any line of his own and usually serves others.

Blatnoy (t) is a representative of the highest status group in the informal hierarchy of prisoners. Thieves usually a career criminal. Moreover, he must admit prison law, to follow right concepts, have a "clean" past, do not work in zone. Any, even an accidental attitude to the structures of power, its political institutions (for example, membership in a party or the Komsomol) forever closes the road to the criminal before " thieves' world", no matter how high criminal qualifications he subsequently acquired. In the 30-50s, the path to thieves was closed to those who served in the army, who at least once went to zone to work. Now the requirements for the candidate in thieves softer. Even the soldier's service in the internal troops is not always considered a discrediting episode of the biography. And in some zones thieves can go to work if it is not the work of a foreman, contractor, etc., that is, if it does not give him at least some official authority over the rest of the prisoners. Can't become thieves and those who worked outside in the service sector, that is, were a waiter, a taxi driver. There are many other requirements for applicants for the status thieves. On each zone may have specific requirements.

The thieves are the real power in ITU, the power that fights with the official power, that is, with the administration zones. In addition to power thieves have privileges - the right not to work, the right to keep common fund whatever they see fit. At thieves there are also responsibilities. Right thieves' obliged to ensure that zone warmed up, that is, illegally received food, tea, tobacco, vodka, drugs, clothes. He is also obliged to resolve disputes that arise between other prisoners, and in general not to allow any skirmishes between them, to ensure that no one is unfairly punished, offended, deprived. All this does not mean, of course, that thieves right order in zone more important than personal wealth. Often his concern for chaps- just a pretext to secure better living conditions in zone. But also zones, where thieves most of the time is spent in ShIZO, PKT, on the covered, in order to lads lived peacefully and not starving, also enough.

Functionally caste thieves has played a completely different role since the early 1960s than in the 1930s and 1950s. Thieves the world at that time was isolated from the bulk of the prisoners and lived on its own laws, considering the rest of the camp population as an alien part for itself, in respect of which completely different rules were in effect. By the end of the 50s thieves essentially lost their power in Gulag, in the early 60s, their remnants were separated from ordinary prisoners. Subsequently, a new generation thieves, who are the informal leaders of the prisoners, represent the interests of the bulk of them and are organically included in the prison community.

There is reason to believe that another transformation is currently taking place in the prison subculture, which may lead to the emergence of a group of informal leaders of a new type. However, this issue requires serious study.

themselves thieves prefer to use various euphemisms and synonyms for the word “ thieves'', calling himself authorities, prisoners, tramps, vagabonds, crooks etc. Old synonyms - Zhigans, people, godfathers and others, known from classical literature about Gulag Yes, they are used much less frequently. see also prison law, thieves' law, thief, suits.

In a group thieves there is a hierarchy. In order from highest to lowest status: thieves in law, brother-in-law, authoritative thieves, boys, paid, fighters. Other names may be used in some regions. For example, paid called fraers, simple thieves - trump fraers. Names associated with the performance of certain functions are also used, for example: corner, looking, support and etc.

Fighter (t) - a prisoner from the environment thieves executing their orders to apply certain sanctions (often violent) to other prisoners, decisions gangway by punishment (up to murder) of a prisoner or employee ITU. During a riot or rebellion fighters- An armed group of prisoners, subordinate to the leader or leaders of the prisoners. Other names used fighters- athletes, gladiators. Fighter may be cast thieves, however, he does not enjoy the respect of other prisoners and does not have the right to vote on gangway.

Tramp (t) - 1) thieves', 2) Prisoner admitting prison law, a person with right concepts.

Bratva (t) - 1) thieves.

2) Prisoners confessing prison law.

3) Community of prisoners, a local group of prisoners, for example, everyone who is in a given cell.

Tramp (t) - the same as tramp.

UR (t) - a high-security barrack, a room in which prisoners are under lock and key (sometimes in cells). Essentially, internal prison camps where violators of discipline, "refuseees" from work, etc. are placed. BOER originated in the 1920s, was replaced in the early 1960s PKT. However, prisoners are still often called PKT BUR.

The bull is a cigarette butt. When one prisoner asks another: “Stop smoking”, ethics correct concepts requires a request.

Watch (o) - 1) a room for on-duty supervisors on the territory ITK.

2) Premises for workers ITU and a soldier of the internal troops guarding the colony, usually located in the immediate vicinity of the gate for the entry and exit of vehicles.

Turn - the same as dubak, navel- overseer. The word has been preserved since ancient times: it is known from the descriptions of Stalin's camps.

adult - adult zone. “Climb to adult"- move from a colony or a juvenile cell to an adult zone or camera.

Take an apartment (t, s) - that is, take on another unsolved burglary.

Break - give information opera about a person or hidden objects.

Smear - 1. Take a drug. 2. Being caught red-handed (B).

Volnyashki, free (t) - civilian employees of the colony who do not pass certification and do not have a military rank (teachers, masters, drivers). freestyles they also name those who, not being employees of the colony, visit it officially on various business (suppliers, loaders, sellers of book stalls, etc.). For prisoners freestyles often act as intermediaries in various kinds of commercial transactions (exchange, purchase, sale), which are illegal or semi-legal. Through freestylers usually send and receive illegal (uncensored) letters, money orders, etc.

Thief, thief in law (t) - the elite of the criminal and prison world, its leaders, a kind of initiates. The thieves occupy the highest position in the informal hierarchy of prisoners. In some respects (norms, conflict resolution mechanisms, rituals in place in this community) thieves in law somewhat reminiscent of the Sicilian mafia. However, there are also cardinal differences. The thieves who brought their traditions from pre-revolutionary Russia to the underworld of the USSR led a demonstratively asocial lifestyle - they did not work, did not start families, had bright external attributes, had to serve more than one term in prison, etc. Their corporation has always been international, the most important decisions were made not individually, but on gathering thieves, there was a ban on any contact thieves with law enforcement officials.

In the 40s and 50s, the number thieves reached ten (perhaps more) thousand people, and together with the environment (" thieves") - 40-50 thousand people. By the end of the 50s - the beginning of the 60s, the corporation practically ceased to exist. But unexpectedly, it revived in the early 80s, when the number thieves in law according to the Ministry of Internal Affairs reached 500-600 people. However, it is now normal laws corporations thieves in law there have been some changes. Many of the prohibitions discussed above have disappeared, in particular, the ban on contacts with employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In addition, clans and groups formed along national lines (for example, the Chechen group) began to appear. However, the Russian criminal world, much more successful than civilized business, which is taking root in the life of the new Russian and Western societies, remains largely unknown and incomprehensible to them.

Thieves' orders (r) is usually a new rule created as a result of a dispute between prisoners or as a response to a new action by prison authorities. From orders and continues to be constantly compiled unwritten prison law.

Thieves' law (t) - a set of unwritten rules, norms that are mandatory for thieves. In the 20s - 50s thieves' law with his correct concepts did not apply to the entire mass of prisoners, remaining a purely corporate way of organizing life. The whole world according to thieves' law was divided into friends and foes, and strangers had only that single value that at their expense they could exist and their own survived.

Since the beginning of the 60s thieves' law, gradually modifying, captures the bulk of the prisoners in the sphere of its action (see. prison law). Therefore, one should not spread ideas about thieves and thieves, developing according to the classical literature about Gulag 30-50s (V. Shalamov, A. Solzhenitsyn and others), at a later time.

VTK (o) - educational and labor colony. it ITU camp type for minors (from 14 to 18, sometimes up to 20 years old) offenders. They usually contain from 300 to 700 teenagers. Within the territory of VTK have the same zones and functional premises, as in the colony for adults (see. ITC), including premises for disciplinary punishments - DISO(disciplinary isolator).

Conditions of detention VTK much better legally than ITU for adults. However, departments for youngsters in SIZO and themselves VTK are the most disadvantaged places in terms of ensuring basic human rights. Minors are not provided with the protection of life, health, personal dignity. Torture, bullying, torture, rape are everyday reality in VTK. Moreover, all this happens with the knowledge and even with the support of the educator, who uses such "collective pedagogy" to maintain order, ensure the necessary indicators, and fulfill the production plan. AT VTK the highest share omitted(i.e. raped and constantly used as a sexual object), which in the 70-80s reached up to 30% in some regions. In the 1990s, the number omitted in VTK began to decline markedly. In some regions, "innovations" are also noted: now teenagers lowered at will, and they, coming in SIZO, already know their "place" and immediately announce their status.

From 1.01.97 VTK renamed to VC(educational colonies).

Redeem - find, hunt down, expose someone (for example, a snitch) in zone or camera.

Break out - break out of the cell under the protection of the administration and demand a transfer to another.

Vyshak (t) - capital punishment (execution); currently tower officially called "an exceptional measure of punishment" (the name of the death penalty in one of the first Soviet documents regulating its use is "an exceptional measure of social protection").

Glavpetukh (t) - an informal leader in the caste omitted. Is an authorized representative omitted in contacts with the leaders of other informal groups, solves all the problems that arise in the group omitted x, participates in the resolution of disputes between lowered and others suits. Sometimes its functions are performed by two informal leaders - dad and mother.

Gladiator - the same as bull, fighter, athlete, tankman, - a strong person serving as an instrument for the execution of plans and orders thieves to which he is committed.

GOVD - city department of internal affairs.

Blue (t) - the same as rooster, lowered. see also suits.

Gopnik - forcibly taking something from another person.

Gop-stop - street robbery.

Grev - money and products illegally used to support prisoners.

GUIN - Main Directorate for the Execution of Punishments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. The department in charge of most of the penitentiary institutions in Russia. GUIN manages penitentiaries through regional offices ITU. In the republics they are formed under the republican Ministry of Internal Affairs, in the regions and territories under the relevant ATC. Regional offices are now most often called WIN ( Department for the Execution of Punishments), less often - OID at ATC(or the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the republics). The former name of the regional offices - LED and SR(Service for Correctional Affairs and Social Rehabilitation). The number of penitentiary institutions in the regions varies from 10 to 50.

Former names GUIN:

GULAG - Main Directorate of Camps (30-50s).

GUITK - Main Directorate of Correctional Labor Colonies (late 50s).

GUITU - Main Directorate of Correctional Labor Institutions (early 60s - mid 80s).

GUID - Main Directorate for Correctional Affairs (until the end of the 80s).

GULAG - 1) The main administration of the camps. The name of the Soviet system of concentration camps, which appeared back in the 30th year. 2) Common name the Soviet system of mass destruction of people and the suppression of any dissent (sometimes - a similar system of other totalitarian countries); the word became international after the publication in the West of A. Solzhenitsyn's book "The Archipelago Gulag". 3) The name used by journalists and human rights activists of the modern penitentiary system of the countries of the former USSR, which largely retained the features of the Gulag, despite a number of significant changes that have taken place since Stalin's time and the repeated change of signs (see. GUIN).

GUITU (o) - see. GUIN.

GULITU (o) - the main department of forestry ITU. Structural subdivision of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR (since 1992 - the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation), which was administered by forest management ITU - ULITU. Unlike regional offices GUITU, forest departments reported directly GULIT(management of "central subordination"). Then GULIT was renamed into "Spetsles of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation". Since 1995 forest management ITU became a department GUIN, began disbanding ULITU. As of January 1, 1998, there were 122 forest ITC with a total number of prisoners of 46.6 thousand people.

DVK - children's educational colony. (cm. "bark beetle", VTK).

Disinformation - misinformation, deliberately transmitted instead of truthful information.

DISO (o) - disciplinary isolation ward. Chamber for the detention of violators of the regime of detention in VTK. Differs from SCHIZO softer content. For example, the maximum time DISO- ten days (in SCHIZO- fifteen). From 1.07.97 the maximum sentence DISO reduced to 7 days.

Disbats are disciplinary battalions. Special military units, where, by a court decision, military personnel who have committed minor crimes are sent (for a period of up to three years). These are closed prisons.

DK (s) - a children's colony.

Housekeeper (t) - apartment thief.

DPNK (o) - duty assistant to the head of the colony. Employee ITC, an officer in direct control of the situation in a particular ITK.

DPNSI (o) - duty assistant to the head of the pre-trial detention center ( SIZO). Position similar to position DPNC.

DTK (o) - children's labor colony. In the 30-50s - a camp for juvenile delinquents.

Fool (t) - 1) Under investigation, sent for a psychiatric examination.

2) A person under investigation who underwent a psychiatric examination and was declared insane at the time of the crime ( recognized fools, recognized).

3) A prisoner who is recognized as mentally ill after the appropriate conclusion of a commission of psychiatrists.

Dushnyak (t) - the creation of particularly unbearable conditions for one, several prisoners or for the entire colony in order to achieve a change in the behavior of prisoners. Dushnyak may be cops(created by the administration) or zekovsky(in relation to one prisoner or a group of prisoners).

EPKT (o) - a single chamber-type room. Before July 1, 1997, the legislation provided only PKT- structural divisions of specific ITU, internal prison colonies. EPKT is a structural subdivision of a non-separate ITU, and the regional department for the execution of sentences. First EPKT established in 1980 in Solikamsk (Usolskoe ULITU) as an experiment based on CCI(transit point) of the same department. Among the prisoners, it is better known as White Swan. In 1988, by order of the Minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs A.V. Vlasov, similar institutions were created in 7 more departments GULIT. In reorganization programs GUIN The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the 1994s planned to create institutions of this type at 18 regional and forest UINakh.

What else is different EPKT from just PKT? When placed in PKT the convict is not transported from ITC, where he is serving his sentence, the same educator works with him (head detachment), he contacts only with convicts of his ITC, his postal address does not change, etc. When a prisoner is sentenced to EPKT, he is transferred to another city, sometimes another region, and in fact experiences the same thing as prisoners who are transferred from a colony to a prison-type institution ( covered). Interior Ministry officials explain the appearance EPKT in forest departments by the fact that not in all forest ITC enough space for PKT. In official documents of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on EPKT assigned the following task: "Isolation of convicts who actively oppose the administration ITU in ensuring law and order". Meanwhile, the law provides for prison-type institutions to perform this task ( covered). True, the prison regime "convicted, actively opposing ..." is appointed by a court decision. To send to EPKT, which almost does not differ from prison-type institutions, only the decision of the head is required ITC. Thus, one of the goals EPKT(in the first period of their existence before fixing in PEC RF 1997) - creating opportunities for penitentiary workers to act outside the norms of the law, without any control over their actions.

There are several other tasks performed by these semi-legitimate "experimental" institutions, which are not mentioned in the "program". In the secret instructions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs EPKT are called "preventive centers for the conduct of corruption work with negatively minded convicts." This semi-legitimate "experimental" institution actually performs the following tasks:

1. Recruitment of agents for operational services. The recruits are subsequently sent to various ITU, are made available operational-search free services.

2. Holding operational work among convicts suspected of committing unsolved crimes, followed by the initiation of criminal cases.

3. Intimidation of convicts held in ordinary penitentiary institutions. The threat of being sent to EPKT is a very effective way of influencing prisoners whose behavior for some reason does not suit the administration ITU.

It is clear that the task of uncovering offenses in EPKT is decided outside the procedural norms established by law for ordinary investigation and inquiry. To recruit agents and solve crimes in EPKT"various forms of psychological and regime influence" are used - so in professional jargon operas indicates illegal means of obtaining confessions, necessary information or changing the behavior of the object operational work in the right direction. These methods include not only "educational conversations", but also press-cameras, torture, beatings. Employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs constantly refer to the positive effect of experiments with EPKT in terms of health operational situation in ITU". These statements should be treated with caution. Firstly, in the departmental evaluation of the results of "experiments" carried out by the same department, any given indicators are quite often organized. Secondly, the selected evaluation criteria (the number of offenses and disciplinary violations committed in ITU) make it possible to estimate only the immediate, and not the long-term, consequences of an experiment. It can be noted, for example, that the number of leaders of "negative groups" over the years of existence EPKT constantly increased. It does not take into account the fact that as a result of "corruption work" society receives completely degraded people, ready for the most cruel crimes.

Rogue (t) - see thieves'.

Fill up, fill up muffler - kill.

Blanked camera - a cell in which prisoners are kept who decide break out from other cameras.

Law (t) - a system of informal norms, rules, guidelines, sanctions against violators, procedures for resolving conflicts, introducing new norms, etc., operating in the community of prisoners ( prison law) or within a separate group, the caste of prisoners (for example, thieves' law).

Finish (t): objects, and especially food, touched lowered are taboo for other groups of prisoners; these things are called finished", that is, dirty, spoiled, representing a danger to normal people.

Close (t, s) - plant in SCHIZO.

Soak (t) - kill.

Zapadlo (t) - violations of prison norms, which for prisoners of different groups ( suits) may be different. " Not zapadlo"- that is, an act in accordance with these norms.

Prohibition (t, s), restricted lane (o) - a strip of earth dug up and leveled with a rake, well preserving the traces of someone who stepped on it; located between the fences surrounding everything ITU or industrial and residential zone. Treatment restricted lane(digging, loosening, leveling the earth) is the responsibility of protecting the colony. According to right concepts, a prisoner who agreed to do this work (" get banned"), counts goat(for goats and omitted this work is not considered shameful).

"Get banned"is one of the ways the administration fights ITU with informal prison law. Currently, the work of prisoners in "security facilities" is prohibited by law. However, the administration of the colonies continues to use various methods to suppress those who adhere to prison law(cm. bedside table, SPP). Those who refused to fulfill the shameful, from the point of view prison law, work is usually punished by placement in SCHIZO, pressed. It is also one of the ways for the administration to identify negative.

Mining - the same as get dirty, run out, - get in touch with omitted, his things or a place on the bunk, in other words - to be defiled.

Absentee - a woman who enters into correspondence with a prisoner in absentia, without being personally acquainted with him. Sometimes such correspondence lasts for years and - there are cases - it ends with the creation of a family. For the prisoner, this is a very important means of restoring lost ties with the outside world.

Sharpening - an iron rod, pointed at one end, a weapon used in internecine clashes and during riots.

Chute (t) - about the same as finish, i.e. desecrate, defile. "Charmed" the item may sometimes be used after ritual purification. see also ingots.

To grind (t) - the same as finish. Cm. squash.

Zek, convict (f, s) - prisoner, prisoners. From obsolete official abbreviation s/c(“prisoned canal soldier”), which appeared on the construction of the White Sea Canal in the 30s. Currently, the law refers to prisoners as persons under investigation, defendants, held in custody, and after the entry into force of the sentence - convicted.

ZNRS (s) - a malicious violator of the containment regime.

Zone - 1) (o) Part ITU separated by a fence from the rest of the territory. For example, residential zone, industrial zone, forbidden zone, local zone etc.

2) (r, s) The general name of places of deprivation of liberty. Separate ITC. In prison slang, it is used with the preposition "on". For example, go to the zone, climb the zone etc. Zones by the prisoners themselves are subdivided, depending on which of the suits occupies a dominant position in it, on: red, goat; black, thieves', thieves; peasant.

IVS (o) - temporary detention facility (see bullpen).

Insulator (s, t) - the same as SCHIZO.

ITK (o) - corrective labor colony, the general name of camp-type institutions for adult convicts. ITC are divided into general regime colonies (for men convicted of minor crimes for the first time, and for all women, with the exception of those recognized by the court as especially dangerous recidivists), enhanced regime (for men convicted of serious crimes for the first time), strict regime (for men who have already served punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty, and for women recognized by the court as especially dangerous recidivists), a special regime (for men recognized as especially dangerous recidivists) and colony settlements (semi-closed institutions for those convicted for the first time for unintentional crimes or for prisoners transferred by court decision from general, enhanced and strict regime colonies). Mode ITC assigned to the convicted person. ITC different modes differ according to the conditions of detention.

There are also specialized ITC(for tuberculosis patients, disabled people), forest ITK, ITK for former law enforcement officers, stateless persons. The decision to refer to a specialized ITC or the prison hospital is taken over by the administration ITU or SIZO.

Prisoners of the special regime are kept in locked cells (for 20-50 people), other regimes - in dormitories (prisoners call them "barracks"). Dormitories in hostels are designed for 20-150 people, beds are arranged in two or three tiers. In addition to sleeping rooms in the hostel for every 150-200 people (" detachment") there are: a room for storing personal belongings; a locker room (for outerwear); a room for eating (with a device for boiling water, cabinets for food); "red corner" (the former name is "Lenin's room"), where political classes and cultural events, tables, shelves for books, a radio speaker, a TV set (if available); sometimes (in those rare cases when ITC there is sewerage) - toilet. The statutory norm of living space is 2 sq. m per person. In the colonies of all regimes, except for the special one, in front of the hostel there is a small area for walking fenced off by a fence (" local zone"), designed for 200-600 people. During the daytime, free from work and events, prisoners have the right to leave the hostel at " local zone". In the rest of the territory of the colony, prisoners can only move in formation with permission from the administration. The number of prisoners in one ITC: from 500 to 3000 (more often - within 1500-2000 people).

ITC is divided into industrial (production premises are located here) and residential zones. Between these zones a fence was installed, rows of barbed wire were stretched, between them - a corridor, sometimes shot through by guard soldiers. Residential zone divided in turn into a series local zones where the hostels are located. In addition, on the residential zones usually there is a canteen, a club, a library, a school, an outpatient clinic (medical unit), sometimes a small hospital (for 10-30 people), a bathhouse, headquarters, which houses offices for administrative workers. AT ITC usually there are rooms for short-term (from 2 to 4 hours) and long-term (from 1 to 3 days) dates.

AT ITC there are also premises for disciplinary punishments: SCHIZO(penalty cell, here the period of detention of the punished is up to 15 days) and PKT(a cell-type room, the term of detention is up to six months). Until 1988, prisoners SCHIZO and PKT appointed reduced rate nutrition. There were also a number of other restrictions (lack of bed linen, walking, correspondence, books, smoking, parcels and transfers, etc.). In Russia, some of these restrictions were abolished in 1992. However, in 1993, a reduced dietary norm (though not as severe as before) was reintroduced by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

From 1.01.97 ITC renamed to IR(Correctional colonies).

ITK RSFSR (o) - corrective labor code RSFSR. In the former USSR, each republic had its own ITC, developed on the basis of the "Fundamentals of Corrective Labor Legislation of the USSR". From 1.07.97. the Penal Code came into force Russian Federation - PEC RF.

ITU (o) - corrective labor institutions, the general name of institutions for the execution of criminal punishment. To them, except ITC all kinds, include VTK, LTP, prison,PS medical type. From 1.01.97 ITU renamed to PS(Correctional institutions).

ITU sick leave type- hospitals for prisoners in need of serious treatment or examination. Almost all regional and forest departments ITU have their own hospitals for prisoners. ITU hospital-type departments have departments for convicts of various regimes, women and minors. Content - chamber.

Gimp - violation of the rules of relations, harming one prisoner by another or others. (Cm. mess).

Kapo (t) - 1) A prisoner who voluntarily cooperates with the administration ITU. 2) Scammer, informant (B). The term appeared in concentration camps in Germany during the Third Reich.

Kentovka - the same as family, family(cm.).

Kozel (t) - a representative of a group in the informal hierarchy of prisoners, formed on the basis of: open cooperation (in the present or past) with the administration ITU. This group emerged from the prisoner community in the 1960s. Unlike activist a 30-50s, status goat becomes almost constant for the prisoner, accompanies him during the entire time of his stay in places of deprivation of liberty.

The emergence of caste goats apparently connected with the reaction of the prison subculture to the penitentiary policy of the Soviet government in the early 60s.

By a formal act that includes a prisoner in a caste goats could be an intro" amateur organizations of convicts", consent to take a position or perform work that is considered shameful by right concepts. All this is a necessary condition for receiving a number of benefits from the administration, the right to occupy certain "nomenklatura" positions, to move into the category of persons "firmly embarking on the path of correction," and, therefore, to become a candidate for early release or pardon.

For the majority of prisoners goats are traitors to the interests of the prisoner community, collaborators.

Word goat is one of the most serious insults for a prisoner who does not belong to this group. The prisoner, who was so named, is obliged to react immediately and harshly (hit or even kill the offender), otherwise he risks his reputation and lowering his status. Word goat and its derivatives ( goat, goat, goat and even - horned) are taboo and are forbidden to be used in everyday speech. For example, a game of dominoes, known by that name in the wild, is called "one hundred and one" in prison, to tell another that he has some thing made of goat hair means to insult him.

Interestingly, in the 1930s and 1950s goats passive homosexuals were called in the camp (cf. ZhR).

Prisoners belonging to this group prefer to use various euphemisms when referring to themselves: activist, red, "independent man", "positive". The same euphemisms in a calm situation are used in the presence goats other prisoners.

Colony - settlement, settlement - see ITC.

counterparty (colloquially counterparty) (o) - each of the parties to the contract in relation to each other. An official term from the everyday life of officials of the Soviet national economy (for example, a plant supplying parts for cars assembled by prisoners, or a representative of this plant, could be designated). Today, this word in colloquial speech is being replaced by the term "business partner" everywhere.

Controller (o) - an employee of the prison supervision service. Its function is to maintain order in the territory ITU, SIZO, conducting searches, etc.

Horse (r) - a method of illegal communication between cameras. For example, string stretched along the outer side of the prison body between the cell windows, fishing line passed through sewer pipes, etc. By using horse notes, small things, etc. are transferred from camera to camera. Wed With ZhR: "a small parcel smuggled in secret, usually tied to a thread thrown out of a cell window."

bark beetle (t), special school , special vocational school (n) - penitentiary institutions for juvenile delinquents of a semi-open type. AT special schools contains children from 11 to 14 years old, and in special vocational school adolescents from 14 to 18 years of age who have committed criminal or status violations (i.e. violations for which only adolescents and children are punished, adults are not subject to punishment for the same actions: absenteeism, bad behavior at school and in the family, appearing on the street in drunk, running away from home, etc.). All children from the age of 14 and the main part (up to 90%) under the age of 18 end up in special institutions by decision of administrative bodies - commissions for minors under the executive committees of local councils. In this case, children and most adolescents are practically deprived of the right to defense, their guilt is proved in the absence of a lawyer, the usual procedures for a judicial investigation are not obligatory, and there is no right of appeal. The term of punishment in special institutions is arbitrary, it can be extended on the proposal of the teachers' councils up to three years, and sometimes even more. It is not uncommon for the re-education of the punished to take place away from home, which makes it difficult for him to contact his family and relatives.

Special schools and special vocational school are under the departmental affiliation of the Ministry of Education, however, in terms of conditions of detention, isolation regime, social microclimate, forced labor, most of these institutions are not much different from VTK. Rape, torture and beatings of the bulk of the pupils by a group of children or adolescents who enjoy the patronage of educators (the principle of Soviet pedagogy is collective education), and sometimes by the educators themselves, are also widespread here.

cant (r) - 1) Violation of rules, norms prison law .

2) Armband of the penis SPP or another section with the appropriate abbreviation. Most often blue.

3) Unsuccessful action or deed.

4) Cigarettes or cigarettes with marijuana.

Kosyachny (t) - a person who constantly commits acts that are contrary to the norms generally accepted in the community of prisoners.

bullpen (o) - a pre-trial detention cell, a room for holding detainees at the scene of a crime, suspected of committing a crime, etc. Length of stay in bullpen usually does not exceed 3 days, but can be extended up to 10, and in special cases - up to 30 days. From bullpen the arrested person is either released or transferred to a pre-trial detention center on the prosecutor's sanction. Currently bullpen is called the "temporary detention center", IVS. Through IVS about 4 million people pass each year. The average daily number in 1997 was 65,000 prisoners. However, a group of prisoners held in IVS, is not included in the official statistics.

red zone - zone, where the administration rules with the help goats and regardless of prison law, for example, tries to plant omitted in the dining room at common tables, requires that prisoners go to the dining room and from the dining room in formation, forbids moving around zone, entrance to other people's barracks, etc.

In such zone activists have broad powers and can behave very aggressively, spying on each other, denunciation, petty nit-picking about the behavior and clothes of prisoners is encouraged.

Red (t) - a euphemism for the word goat.

Crosses - central prison in St. Petersburg. The name that the prison received due to the cruciform arrangement of its buildings, it bears from the moment it was opened (at the beginning of the 20th century)

Circle - education is wider than a family or kentovka; formed most often on the principle of community.

Wing (put on a wing) - a bandage on the sleeve, meaning the prisoner's entry into assets, i.e., in prison jargon, in goats.

Covered (t, s) - ITU prison type for those convicted of serious crimes or sent to prison by court order from ITC for systematic violations of the regime of detention. In Russia there are only 15 covered.

Xiva (t) - 1) Note, letter. It is transmitted illegally from cell to cell, from camp to camp, from prison to freedom and vice versa. Often contains important information about events and persons, sometimes - instructions authority nyh (see thieves orders). Ksivy are also purely personal content. Constant communication between camps scattered throughout the country and prison is carried out with the help of xiv. Synonym -" little one, little one".

2) Document, identity card.

Kum(t) - employee operational parts ITU or SIZO. see also opera.

Kumovskaya mutka, cum weed- provocations arranged in zone operatives to achieve your goals. They may consist in pitting various groups of prisoners against each other, in spreading compromising rumors about zone authorities etc., which may cause zone unrest and even rebellion, in the suppression of which objectionable persons are eliminated, etc. Smaller provocations with the same goal (intimidation or “neutralization” of objectionable persons) are called godfather lotions or gags. They may consist in planting drugs on a prisoner, for example, with the subsequent discovery of them in his possession and appropriate sanctions against him.

Stall, chest (t, s) - 1) Shop for prisoners in ITU where purchases are made by bank transfer.

2) Products, smoke, etc., purchased by the prisoner officially in the store ITU. For the bulk of prisoners, there are restrictions both in the amount that they can spend monthly on the purchase stall, and in the fact that only money earned in ITU .

Persons who have firmly embarked on the path of correction (o) - convicts who, according to the conclusion of the relevant officer ITU corrected, ceased to be criminal. In the characteristics or certificates of a prisoner, two wordings are usually used: " set firmly on the path to recovery" or "did not take the path of correction." In practice, these formulations have nothing to do with the actual criminality of the prisoner. . Activist can come to the camp for committed crimes for the fifth and tenth time, and still be considered " firmly set on the path of correction". Unfortunately, there are no relevant statistics, but according to some estimates, relapse among persons, embarked on the path fixes higher than the average for all prisoners.

Locale (t, s), local zone (o) - this is the name of residential areas fenced off from each other zones, where barracks for one or two detachments; a measure taken to limit contact between prisoners and reduce the likelihood of mass excesses.

Local tower (o) - a tower with a cabin in which a prisoner appointed by the administration (“key keeper”) is on duty and in which there is a local telephone connecting him with supervision or headquarters. Its functions include: monitoring the general order in the residential zone, message in supervision service about observed disorders, excesses, etc. He usually opens gates from local zones, residential gate zones.

Breaking (t, s) - 1) Various, as a rule, latent ways of influencing the prisoner, in order to force him to refuse correct concepts. In special “preventive” penitentiaries (for example, “ White Swan”, covered) from the "negative prisoner" is usually sought to sign a statement on his renunciation of " thieves' ideas". Such a statement is usually used for educational work with other prisoners, reading out the "repudiation" on the local radio or before the formation in those ITU where the "broken" prisoner is known. In fact, such an action does not lead to re-education, but to the embitterment of the prisoners, they are well aware of the methods by which they achieve the signing of these statements. see also press, press- camera, prohibition, bedside table, SPP, broom.

2) The state of withdrawal after stopping the use of drugs or alcohol.

LPU - local prophylactic site. This is a dedicated local zone ITU, designed, according to the employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, for "containment of malicious violators of the detention regime." health care facilities, they believe, allows "to reduce the negative impact of the more criminogenic part of the convicts on the bulk." In a number ITU prisoners placed in health care facilities are kept in cell-type rooms. Creation health care facilities in each institution is "one of the main directions" of the concept of reorganization UIS developed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. By 1995 health care facilities were created in more than 300 institutions. Both subjectively and objectively settling in health care facilities is a punishment for the condemned. Here, isolation is much stricter, the possibilities of the convict in moving around the territory of the colony and choosing a job are limited. In practice, illegal methods of suppression are more often used here (for example, the introduction of fighters DOS and mass beatings), etc. "decomposable ways of working with prisoners."

The current corrective labor code for the same purposes ("holding malicious violators of the detention regime ...", etc.) provides SCHIZO and PKT, they do not need to be created, they are already in everyone ITU. Why was it necessary to reinvent the wheel, to create outside the law something provided for by law?

The answer to this question will be easier to find if we consider that the placement of a convict in SCHIZO and PKT- this is a type of punishment for a specific disciplinary violation committed by a convict (or a system of violations), which involves the implementation of certain procedures (issuance of a decision, drawing up an act on the committed violation, obtaining explanations from the punished, etc.). This punishment may be appealed by the convict in the manner prescribed by law. In addition, the term of placement in SCHIZO and PKT strictly limited (in SCHIZO fifteen days at a time and two months in a year, PKT- six months). The placement in health care facilities, since it is not provided for by law, it does not require anything of the kind: neither a specific violation, nor a procedural formalization. It is not limited to any specific period and cannot be appealed by the convict. Apparently, therefore, the creation health care facilities and is considered "one of the main directions" in the proposals of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. see also EPKT.

From 1.07.97 health care facilities legalized PEC RF, now they are called zones SUS(strict conditions of detention).

LTP (o) - medical and labor dispensary. A closed institution where chronic alcoholics (less often drug addicts) who have not committed any crime are kept by court order. Since 1994 institutions of this type have been disbanded in Russia.

People - in the old terminology - thieves, the thieves. Now rarely used.

Maloletk a (t, s) - 1) a juvenile prisoner.

2) The totality of special (correctional) institutions for juvenile offenders ( special schools, special vocational schools and VTK), as well as the entire contingent of persons contained in them. On the youngster the mode of detention, food and conditions are better than in ITU for adult prisoners. However, from the point of view of preserving the life, health, personality of the prisoner, youngster- the scariest part Gulag. Bullying, beatings, torture, torture, rape (of some prisoners by others) is the daily reality of this type of institution.

3) Part of the special department in SIZO for juvenile prisoners.

Malyava - a note, a letter, unlike ksiva of a more private nature, but in some cases the words are used interchangeably.

Mom (t) - one of the informal leaders in the caste omitted. Paired with another leader ( dad) decides all issues in this informal group of prisoners. Unlike dads dealing with business problems omitted and issues related to the sale, supply thieves their wards as a sexual object. Dad resolves conflicts between lowered, refers to authorities in the event that his wards are treated in violation of correct concepts(for example, they do not pay for sexual services rendered, etc.). Dad is an authorized representative omitted in contacts with leaders of other informal groups. more common features dads and mothers performed by one person chief rooster.

Suit (t) - 1) This or that group, caste in the informal hierarchy of prisoners. There are four main castes in the prison world (in descending order of status): thieves (black), men (gray), goats (red), lowered (blue). Each caste within has its own hierarchy. The prison subculture is extremely conservative, vertical transitions (raising status) are extremely difficult or even impossible. Existence suits recognized and taken into account by employees ITU. For example, before sending a punished prisoner to a cell SCHIZO or PKT, the attendant asks about his suits(prisoners of different groups are kept in different cells).

According to JR: " suit- the social stratum in the prison-camp world.

2) The status of the prisoner in the informal hierarchy ( man, thieves' etc.).

Mattress, twist through the mattress - since it is forbidden by the new regulations to keep a prisoner in SCHIZO or PTK longer than a certain period, and also to extend this period without leaving the isolation ward, the administration invented this method - “ twist through mattress”(twist, unwind - and means receiving a new term without leaving the place of detention; see). The prisoner is released into zone and let him spend the night on his mattress, after which they give him a new term and again close in insulator.

Mattress cover - a mattress cover in which the prisoner puts his own and government things, going to the cell or from one cell to another.

Makhnovists - see Polish thieves. With the name of N.I. Makhno, the connection of this concept, presumably, is accidental.

Ment (t) - an employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Broom (t, s) - 1) Language. Cm. watch the broom.

2) One of the ways to break a prisoner who adheres to correct concepts. Among men and thieves considered shameful work associated with sweeping the territory ITC. Employees ITU know that taking in hand brooms lowers the informal status of the prisoner, and puts him before a choice: either go out with broom on the parade ground (where all the prisoners are lined up, while it is not at all necessary to actually sweep the territory), or be sent to SCHIZO. see also stool, prohibition, SPP.

Mokrushnik (t) is a killer.

Wet business (t) - murder.

Muzhiks (m) - 1) The general name of the largest group in the informal hierarchy of prisoners. Differ from thieves the fact that they, according to prison law, work in zone in ordinary positions, and from goats- the fact that they do not cooperate with the administration. To no power men do not pretend, do not serve anyone, but in business thieves do not interfere (except thieves lawlessness a). To opinion authority nyh men all other groups of prisoners are listening. Main part men adheres to correct concepts.

2) The common name of all prisoners, except omitted.

Garbage is the same cop, a police officer.

Supervision - the release of a prisoner on the condition that he be registered with the police at the place of residence at large and with the obligation to check in every day at a certain time with the officer supervising him. He is forbidden to leave his place of residence after a certain set time and be out of the house, for example, late in the evening or at night. Breaking the rules supervision previously entailed a court order and the appointment of a new term.

Surveillance (t, s) - room for supervision service.

Supervision service, supervisory staff (o) - a service that exercises daily control over the behavior of prisoners, compliance with the regime of detention, etc. It consists of conscripts and extra-conscripts of the escort troops. obeys supervision service the head of the escort troops, and not the head ITU.

Hitting - an aggressive provocation towards a person from other people; for example, the presentation of some unreasonable demands or accusations in order to intimidate this person or provoke him to resist, as a result, it will be possible to beat him, take away some things or draw up a decree and lock him in a detention center, arrange a search, etc.

Mother hen (t, s) - agent opera, planted in the investigation chamber for "splitting" the defendants or a specific defendant. In addition to obtaining the necessary information about the crime committed, sometimes it has the task of exerting psychological pressure on a cellmate in order to persuade him to give the evidence necessary for the investigator.

The production rate is the amount of production that a prisoner must produce per unit of time (shift, month). For non-compliance production rates the prisoner may be punished in one way or another. Production rate for prisoners, as a rule, higher than in the wild. This is partly due to the fact that during the period under review, the annual balance of time for prisoners was significantly higher than in the wild, because. the prisoners did not have vacation, and their working week was 48 hours (outside - 41). Among other punishments, prisoners who did not fulfill the production standards could also be deprived of the so-called "guarantee" - crediting to their account "guarantee": 10% of the monthly salary, regardless of any other circumstances (repayment by them of a lawsuit , alimony payments, etc.). This procedure was changed after the adoption by the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation of the "Law of the Russian Federation" On introducing amendments and additions to the Correctional Labor Code of the RSFSR, the Criminal Code of the RSFSR and the Code of Criminal Procedure of the RSFSR "(June 12, 1992).

Obizhenka (t) - a cell for prisoners who managed to "escape" (during the check, taking them out for a walk, making an appointment with opera etc.) from the previous camera. In prison slang, "escape" is: " break out from cell". This action, connected with the appeal for help in resolving the conflict with cellmates to the administration, is considered, according to correct concepts, cant. Prison law prescribes for the resolution of any kind of internal conflicts to turn to authorities. The exception to this rule is the case breaking out" from press chambers(but provided that " broken out"the prisoner resists being placed in offended). AT offended sometimes the expelled are also placed (" broken out") from the prison cell.

Offended (t) - 1) Prisoner resentment or sitting in offended.

2) In some regions the same as lowered.

1. euphemism words lowered, rooster.
2. In some zones, SIZO- not lowered, but simply humiliated, “ planted on broom”, deprived of their caste rights; he can look for excuses and satisfaction and “get” off offenders.

Common fund - 1) ITC general mode.

2) Multi-seat (for 20-30 or more people) camera in SIZO.

4) The order in which all products entering the cell, tea, smoke are distributed equally among all prisoners (except omitted).

5) Illegal prisoner mutual aid fund. May consist of money, food, tea, smoke, things, etc. By prison law contributions to common fund must be done on a purely voluntary basis. men and thieves. Funds common fund are used for general needs (for example, bribing employees ITC, concluded from household services etc.), to help prisoners in distress: primarily those held in SCHIZO and PKT, imprisoned, sent to covered or at hospital; beginners who do not have outside help, etc. Although common fund designed for prisoners living in right concepts (guys and thieves), sometimes exceptions are made to this rule: some part heating from common fund and sent to SCHIZO and PKT, must be distributed among the goats and lowered. In practice, many of the above principles (voluntariness of contributions, equality in receiving assistance, etc.) are violated.

Looking beyond common fund- this is usually thieves' assigned to gangway. The beholder selects his assistants to raise funds. Participation in the collection, distribution, storage common fund severely persecuted by the administration.

Their common fund may have goats and omitted.

General (t) - related to common fund, those. illegal prisoner mutual aid fund.

The public is an asset, members public amateur organizations or sections. In the language of the administration - a word colored positively, in the language of prisoners who are not included in the sections - ironic.

Public organizations - see SVP, SPP. “Amateur” they can be called very conditionally, because. and in the 1970s and 1980s, the administration used an arsenal of coercive means to replenish them, from bribery to threats and direct press. These organizations served as an indicator of the educational work of the administration with prisoners, and therefore a fantastic goal was sometimes set - to drive the entire population into them. ITU without exception, which, in turn, caused resistance by all means, up to strikes and riots. (Cm. Amateur organizations of prisoners).

General mode - ITC for first time convicts (pioneers) or for minor crimes. It is distinguished by a large number of diverse and often meaningless customs and rituals, as well as self-proclaimed leaders and false thieves.

OMON - special police detachment (special forces). Parts of the Russian police, created to carry out particularly difficult tasks (fighting organized crime, preventing riots, detaining armed criminals, etc.).

Prisoners are often called OMON special forces detachments created under regional administrations ITU to suppress riots, release hostages, etc. Since 1991, these detachments have been used for preventive purposes to intimidate prisoners in ITU where, according to the administration, there was a dangerous situation.

OOR (o) - a particularly dangerous recidivist. Cm. mansion.

Oper (w, s) - worker operational service.

Operational Service (o) - a structural unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, engaged in the prevention and disclosure of offenses. Widely uses undercover methods of work. In every ITU or SIZO there is operational a part that should control the general situation in the institution, prevent crimes, all kinds of excesses, disclose previously committed crimes, collect information about the leaders of the underworld. Operational some have a large staff of agents among prisoners (according to some estimates, from 2 to 5% of the number of convicts): informers and provocateurs; makes extensive use of illegal means of influencing prisoners that are beyond the control of supervisory authorities (setting different groups of prisoners against each other, using thieves to intimidate other prisoners, press chambers and etc.). See, for example, "Ogonyok", 1990, Nos. 35-36, "Diary of a snitch".

Operative- search activity- the activities of the police, including the initial work with the offense:

• departure to the scene;
• preparation of documents on the incident;
• activities to detect the perpetrators of the incident (inquiry);
• preparation of documents for submission to the investigation.

Omit (t, s) - 1) Lower the status in the informal hierarchy of prisoners. (Obsolete).

2) Transfer to the untouchable caste ( omitted, roosters) - rape or perform a ritual associated with the transfer of a prisoner to the untouchable caste. At the same time, rituals that replace rape are often used: the prisoner is put on bucket with a piece of bread, doused with water from buckets forced to drink water from buckets, spend the phallus, a towel moistened with sperm, on the lips, anus etc.

Omitted (t, s) - a representative of the lowest group in the informal hierarchy of prisoners, a kind of untouchable caste. At omitted you can’t take anything, you can’t touch him, sit on his bunk, etc. At omitted their separate places in the barracks, prison cell, in the dining room, their own labeled dishes, they perform the dirtiest work - those for which other prisoners no longer have the right to undertake. They have certain identification marks, are obliged to report, upon arrival at a place where they are not known, that they lowered so that other prisoners, having entered into communication with them, do not lose their status. Hide your status omitted useless and dangerous, sooner or later his past becomes known, and then omitted punished, beaten, sometimes killed. It is believed that he fluffed up everyone who interacted with him sat next to him. Status omitted a lifelong, say, break in a prison career does not change him.

It is a very common misconception that lowered only passive homosexuals get in. According to some estimates, voluntary homosexuals among omitted no more than 20% (although a person who was a passive homosexual in the wild and could not hide it becomes omitted). Transfer to lowered usually done for gross violations prison law: denunciation, rat-mongering, unpaid card debt, lawlessness towards other prisoners. lowered pressers,goats, woolen, those who committed shameful, in terms of correct concepts, crimes (rape of children, brutal rape of women, brutal unmotivated murder, depraved actions with minors, etc.), former employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, soldiers of internal troops who ended up in an ordinary prison cell ... A prisoner who feels the seriousness of the violation committed by him, sometimes prefers to voluntarily go into a caste omitted(say, move your things to the corner of the barracks where they live lowered). In this case, he, as a rule, is not subjected to any ritual procedures or rape.

It should be noted that in institutions for juvenile delinquents and pioneers ritual-symbolic motivation in relation to omitted prevails over semantic motivation. The very distinctive features of the untouchable caste here acquire a mystical meaning, separate from the objects they designate (cf. finish). For example, a person who has not committed any particular offense prison law(raped in press chamber accidentally entered into unauthorized contact with omitted), falls into the untouchable caste. This is not seen as a punishment, but as an accident that makes a person "crippled" for life. The translation itself into a caste omitted often performed through rituals (cf. lower), which brings to mind the customs that exist in primitive tribes.

Caste omitted appeared in the community of prisoners in the 60s, perhaps as a reaction of the prisoner subculture to the new penitentiary policy of the authorities. The struggle for the preservation of the individual in an environment where the administration ITU used the most cruel methods of pressure on prisoners in order to force them to commit immoral, from the point of view of traditional culture, actions, led to the invention of their own informal sanction for "apostates", this is a kind of ostracism, moral expulsion from the community in conditions where real expulsion is impossible. It is also possible that during the period of the establishment of amateur organizations of convicts, those who became their members began to be subjected to punishment in the form of rape. Recall that the current name of the caste of collaborators ( goats) belonged to passive homosexuals in the 1940s and 1950s.

By the way, keepers prison law, the traditions of the prison world claim that the punishment in the form of transferring a person to a caste omitted on right concepts considered invalid. According to their version, caste omitted x" came up with cops" and entered it with pressers,woolen, lawlessness boxes to the prison world. Needless to say, the administration ITU very willing to use the institute omitted for breaking recalcitrant. One of the biggest threats to negative- rape in press-camera. After the rape operas can offer the raped man a kind of gentlemen's agreement: no one will know what happened if the prisoner agrees to become his agent or sign a statement of renunciation thieves' ideas. Threat used lower and investigators. It should also be added that the main suppliers to the caste omitted x are institutions for juvenile delinquents, pioneer and press chambers. Sanction cases lowering among recidivists are extremely rare and are rather an exception (violation of prison law) than the rule. Attitude to omitted in ITU among recidivists is not as cruel and sadistic as on youngster and in ITU general regime, although some norms that are taboo in nature, defining "untouchability" omitted, are saved.

Within the group omitted there is a hierarchy, reminiscent of the informal hierarchy of the entire community of prisoners. It has its informal leaders ( chief rooster, dads, mothers) with their surroundings, ordinary lowered and roosters who are pushed around by everyone in this group (sold as a sexual object, forced to work for themselves, raped, tortured). To informal leaders omitted most often the former thieves, which lowered for any jambs(non-payment of card debt, squealing, etc.), as well as raped or lowered otherwise in press chambers.

DOS -

Mansion (t) - 1) ITC special regime.

2) Especially dangerous recidivist (OER). The offender can be recognized OER by court order for previous multiple convictions. Often people who do not pose a particular danger, but who have more than one camp term in the past, fall into this category.

"They tell me: - Did you kill someone? - Yes, I didn’t kill anyone. I stole pears! - Why are you "especially dangerous"? - Because you climbed into the same shed many times!" (Excerpt from an interview with especially dangerous recidivist).

Condemned (t) - camera in SIZO, where prisoners are kept, in respect of whom a judgment has been issued, but has not yet entered into legal force.

Condemned (o) - the official name of the prisoner, in respect of which the judgment has entered into force. Self-name of prisoners in dialogue with officials(“Citizen chief, convicted Arab-ogly arrived at your order”). In the speech of prisoners, the emphasis is on the letter “y”: “convicted”.

Otovarka, merchandise (r) - the monthly purchase by prisoners of food in the camp shop (stall) for a strictly defined amount of money.

Negative (s, t), negative convicts (o) - prisoners who, from the point of view of the administration ITU interfere with her work, negatively affect other convicts. All imprisoned workers ITU and scientists of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are divided into three groups: positive (helping them in their work), neutral (not interfering), negative. AT negative fall not only thieves, but also all objectionable administrations (for example, those who file complaints against the administration, refuse to do “left” work for employees, etc.). About how to deal with negative cm. broom, stool, prohibition, SPP, press chamber.

Detachment (o) - 1) Structural unit ITU. In the colony, the prisoners are divided into detachments numbering from 100 to 200 people. AT detachment there are from 2 to 5 production teams. AT VTK detachments divided into departments of 20-30 people. Detachment usually located compactly in one room, in one local zone.

2) The room where it is located detachment(bedrooms, a red corner, rooms for storing things and products, a toilet, a chief's office detachment etc.).

Detachment (t), squad leader (o) - employee ITC, under whose command is detachment.

Ration (t) - 1) All state-owned products (bread, sugar, gruel, etc.) laid down by law for prisoners.

2) A portion of bread given to the prisoner.

Dad (t) - an informal leader in the caste ( omitted). Cm. mother, chief rooster.

Slop (t) - 1) Vessel for feces in a cell where there is no sewerage.

2) Toilet bowl in the chamber. Place at buckets considered to be the most prestigious. In the cells youngsters and pioneers sometimes there is a rule that lowered should eat sitting on bucket(or near it).

3) Nonsense rumor, gossip.

Guys are the same people: thieves and close to them

Kid (t) - a person who occupies a high position in the society of prisoners in general regime colonies (sometimes on youngster), thieves'.

PVR (c) - 1) political and educational work.

2) Internal regulations - normative document Ministry of Internal Affairs, which determines the conditions for the detention of prisoners in ITU (PVR ITU), in SIZO (PVR SIZO), in TDF (TAP IVS). It is this document and about 300 instructions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (and not ITC RSFSR or PEC Russian Federation) regulate life in places of detention in great detail and establish many norms and restrictions that are not even mentioned in the legislation.

PVS (o) - Presidium of the Supreme Council.

Pioneer (t) - a prisoner with no prison experience, arrested for the first time.

Rooster - 1) Rooster- passive homosexual.

2) One of the synonyms omitted x, the word is a terrible insult and is even more taboo than goat(see related article). All derivatives from rooster Prisoners try not to use words (opened, petya, rooster, cockerel, etc.), as well as related words (chicken coop, birdie, chicken, comb, etc.), so as not to "get into an incomprehensible place." This also applies omitted, preferring to use euphemisms when self-naming offended.

PKT (o) - chamber type room, internal prison a colony that contains malicious violators of the regime of detention. cameras PKT usually located in a separate building with SCHIZO and fenced off from the rest of the territory ITC fence. Prisoners placed in PKT are limited in some rights. According to the Law of the Russian Federation "On the introduction of amendments and additions to the Correctional Labor Code of the RSFSR, the Criminal Code of the RSFSR and the Code of Criminal Procedure of the RSFSR" dated June 12, 1992, the total term of punishment PKT should not exceed 6 months. As of July 1, 1997, this restriction has been lifted.

Former name PKT - BUR(high-security barrack) - still exists among prisoners.

PMS (s) - production and mass section.

Support (t) is the second most important informal leader in the cell. It could be thieves'. AT press chamber- chief assistant presser.

decoy - see Mother hen.

Snow Thief - false - thief, the person who declared himself thief but not adhering correct concepts and pursuing his narrowly selfish goals.

The stripe is in the document. The red stripe on the cover of the prisoner's personal file means "prone to escape." When such a person comes to zone, the administration should put him under special supervision.

Striped (t) - especially dangerous recidivist (OER). By the striped clothes that I have to wear OER. See also mansion, ITK.

Striped mode, striped zone - see mansion.

Polish thieves - some meanings: the thieves, departed from “ right life”; professional the thieves, not included and not included in any groupings; screwed up thieves, i.e. the thieves who are at odds with thieves in law with the approval of the camp administration or under its direction. The origin of the phrase " polish thief” the prison world explains literally: these are the ideological descendants of thieves who came to Russia from Poland back in the days when Poland was part of the Russian Empire. According to J. Rossi (see “Handbook on Gulag y”), “ polish thief has nothing to do with Poland.” With the invasion Polish thieves”and their activities, the mythology of the prison world also links the decline of their morals.

Pardon (r) - a petition for pardon or the very decision of the courts for pardon.

Settlement, settlement (t) - a colony-settlement. Cm. ITC.

Rule (t) - analysis of the conflict between prisoners according to law,right concepts. According to ZhR: "The trial of a comrade (in thieves' environment)". See also disassembly.

Correct zone, prison (t) - ITU or SIZO whose shadow life goes according to right concepts and prison law. Presence or absence right order in a particular penitentiary institution or its part, is determined by personal qualities authorities who have real power. In institutions for youngsters or pioneer correct order practically impossible due to lack of authorities who have sufficient life and prison experience, as well as experience in resolving conflicts in a non-violent way. It often thrives here. lawlessness, the priority of formal norms drawn from prison law, over its meaning, the prevalence of wild and meaningless rules. For example, the prohibition to carry a spoon in the upper pocket of a robe, to put a bitten piece of bread in your pocket, the prohibition to wear red clothes, etc. It is characteristic that common mode (ITU for pioneer) the prisoners themselves call special blue.

Absence right order, lawlessness in ITU for repeat offenders is often associated with activities operational services that prefer to support managed authorities or impose the power of their agents among thieves and thieves, and use the most cruel and immoral methods of combating the right authorities who do not succumb to pressure and do not cooperate with cops. It is clear that among the managed authorities more people with very low moral character and those who, demagogically using norms prison law concerned primarily with his own well-being. Cm. correct concepts, prison law, authority, thieves,the thieves.

Correct (t) - 1) Fair, honest, respected, authority ny etc.

2) The highest degree of human evaluation ( right man, thieves', prisoner), groups of people ( right hut,zone, prison, a family etc.), social phenomenon ( correct order etc.).

3) A prisoner adhering correct concepts.

Correct concepts (t) - a system of informal norms and rules operating in such informal groups of prisoners as men and thieves. They are both an ethical imperative for prisoners and a means of confronting the administration ITU. They are supported, shared, recognized by the main part of the prisoners, which can be explained by their proximity to the norms, values ​​and attitudes of traditional culture. They declare, for example, an irreconcilable attitude towards denunciation, proclaim the primacy of the general interest over the private, the brotherhood between prisoners (see. lads,a family), helping those who find themselves in a difficult situation (cf. common fund), justice, protect the prisoner from arbitrariness by prohibiting taking away anything without lawful (within the framework of prison law) grounds, forbid charging a person without evidence of his misconduct and generally insulting him, require strict thoughtfulness and restraint in words (see. follow broom, goat, rooster). Spreading correct concepts and prison law, their support by the main part of the prisoners can also be explained by the fact that the official law requires from them immoral, from the point of view of traditional culture, actions (denunciation, betrayal, hypocrisy, obtaining personal gain by infringing on the rights of the community and most of its members, etc. .) See also correct concepts, thieves, men, goats, lowered, prison law.

Correct order (r) - about the situation in the camp, cell, prison, where most prisoners adhere to correct concepts.

Ensign (t) - so in the letters of prisoners can be called not only employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs with the title of "ensign", but also other representatives of the administration of places of deprivation (or restriction) of liberty, directly carrying out supervision.

Bring (t) - bring charges of violating the informal norms and rules that exist in the community of prisoners. Reason for presentation an unexpectedly surfaced compromising fact relating to the distant past, sometimes even to freestyle, pre-camp life of a prisoner, as well as a circumstance that is not at all the result of a deliberate independent choice: for example, the very fact of living in Moscow or Leningrad, service in the internal troops, etc.

Presentation (t) - the accusation of a prisoner of any compromising actions or actions that do not correspond to prison law.

Press (t, s) - "breaking off" a prisoner, a way to suppress his personality, make him completely controllable. Sometimes press - this is a constant psychological pressure on the prisoner ("serpentine press"). See also press chamber.

Press chamber, press hut (t, s) - chamber in IVS, SIZO, covered, PKT, SCHIZO, in which prisoners specially selected by the administration torture, torture, rape those who are imprisoned in order to get something concrete from them, for example, to give the testimony necessary to the investigator, to find out where common money, sign a waiver thieves' ideas (see breaking etc.). Press chambers exist at the present time.

Presser (t, s) - a prisoner who agreed to perform on the instructions of an employee ITU or an investigator, the function of an executioner, a torturer of other prisoners in press chamber. Usually personal or operational deed presser there is a mark that serves as an indication for opera about the possibility of appropriate use of this prisoner. In addition, such a mark warns the room presser while being transported along with other prisoners. exposure presser fraught with cruel punishment for him.

Press prison (t) - a prison-type institution in which a significant part of the cells are used for press. Cm. White Swan, breaking, press chamber.

Priblatnenny (t) - a candidate for thieves, striving to be accepted into the group thieves and demonstrating commitment right concepts.

Sign (t) - chamber or compartment SIZO, which contain prisoners who are recognized as insane or mentally ill. Prisoners in these cells or departments enjoy a number of benefits compared to ordinary prisoners. They are allowed to write, receive more packages, get hospital meals, take longer walks, and so on.

Recognized (t) - a prisoner who was recognized as insane after a psychiatric examination. see also fool.

Gadgets, jokes, tacks are various ways of provocations against a person in order to put him in a ridiculous position, make him angry, let it out, give some information about himself, and generally somehow express himself. The prisoner may be provoked like other prisoners (see registration), as well as administrative staff. it operatic (kumovskiye) lotions and tacks. Cm. Kumovskaya mutka, Kumovskaya weed.

Sweat - the same as six, only slightly higher in rank, because six- one who serves anyone, and got sweaty -thieves.

Length (t) - prison corridor.

Industrial zone (o), promka (t) - industrial zone colonies. The territory of the colony is divided into separate sections - zones: residential zone, industrial area(the production facilities are located here). Between these zones a fence was installed, rows of barbed wire were stretched, between them - a corridor, sometimes shot through by guard soldiers.

Registration (t) - initiation, that is, the rite of introducing a newcomer into the prison community. Highest value registration has in chambers youngsters and prisoners general regime. The neophyte is asked questions, or he is put in situations that require intelligence, strong-willed mobilization, and quick decision-making. All this aims to visually demonstrate the real inner content of the personality of the initiate, the degree of his independence, reliability, etc. From successful completion registration depends on the place in the informal hierarchy of prisoners. And vice versa - those who have not passed the test often fall into the caste of untouchables, outcasts, occupying the most shameful and disenfranchised position in the prison community. In some pre-trial detention centers, including Matrosskaya Tishina, registration persons from 16 to 30 years old are subject, while in other places there are no age limits at all.

Proshlyak (t) - departed from thieves' law thief, but unlike bitches did not change him. Usually enjoys authority om in the community of prisoners. May attend gangways.

PTU - vocational school.

The navel is ass, dubak, spinner- overseer

Five-minute (s) - a superficial, short (sometimes less than five minutes) psychiatric examination directly in a prison or courtroom. On the five minutes usually a decision is made: to send the person under investigation for a more thorough examination (for example, to the Serbsky Institute) or to recognize the prisoner as normal.

Showdown (r) - 1) Any showdown between prisoners or groups of prisoners.

2) Resolution of conflicts that have arisen between prisoners or groups of prisoners according to the rules provided for prison law or thieves' law(if there is a conflict between thieves or close to them authority nym thieves). Such disassembly, unlike the usual conflict ( disassembly 1), sometimes called correct, rule. The mediators or "judges" are usually authority nye prisoners, thieves. In serious cases, the person found guilty (the defendant) is at the mercy of the right (admitted to the disassembly right). He can get from the defendant as a "worthy" or as a "scoundrel" (the qualification of the defendant is the prerogative showdown, which can pass it to the right). In the first case, the defendant must publicly admit his guilt and repent. The right one can lightly hit the defendant, but it does not hurt, so that he only "feels a brotherly hand." In the second case, you can do anything with the defendant, including killing him. The rightist may, by the verdict of a disassembly, demand money, things from the guilty person - here, it would seem, he has complete freedom of choice. However, according to how fair the sanction chosen by the right, how much it corresponds to the fault, how magnanimous and not vindictive the “winner of the case”, those around him will form an opinion about him, which ultimately affects his status in the community. Showdown between thieves or authority nym thieves are subject to other rules thieves' law. For example, thief you can't even hit "brotherly". This sanction is clear: thief stripped of his title. Unjustly subjected to such a sanction, not recognizing the legality of the deprivation of the title thief must kill the striker.

Prison law provides the defendant with the right to appeal. If a disassembly takes place, for example, in a prison cell, the defendant may apply to intervene in the decision showdown to authority higher status (and sometimes to the main authority prison) with tails or send to the appropriate chamber xivu with a statement of the essence of the conflict and a request to intervene. By right concepts such appeal suspends the execution of the sanction.

3) A group of prisoners participating in the analysis of the conflict and making a decision.

Cutting - here: term reduction.

Promotion (t, s) - receiving a second additional term in the camp for a new crime by a court decision.

Regimenik - an employee of the regime unit ITU which monitors the implementation of the internal regulations by the prisoners ITU.

RMZ - mechanical repair plant.

Wet horns - serve the sentence in full, without attempting to escape.

POP (s) - mode- operational Job.

steer - manage zone or cell, prison.

Pockmarked (t) - the same as mansion, striped.

Amateur organizations of convicts (o) - official structures, organizations of prisoners created by the administration. AT ITC RSFSR it is said that these organizations are created with the aim of developing the skills of collectivism among convicts ... encouraging their useful initiative, as well as using the influence of the collective in the correction and re-education of convicts. Such organizations include various sections (SPP, sanitary, industrial, cultural and educational, etc.), as well as all kinds of "councils" (colony staff, detachment). The heads of all these sections and councils are appointed by the administration. Cm. sections, SPP, activist, goat.

To dump - to run away, to leave.

Brother-in-law (t) - candidate for caste thieves, which, however, has not yet been recognized gathering thief in law. brother-in-law rank second (after thieves in law) place in the hierarchy thieves.

SVP (o) - section of the internal order - " amateur" organization of convicts", whose members actively cooperate with the administration. The modern name is SPP.

Pass (t) - give out, convey; for example, to inform the prison administration about an impending escape.

Hand over the skin (t) - hand over to the administration ITU report (denunciation) on violation of discipline, regime of detention of other prisoners. This report can serve as the basis for punishing the violator.

Section (t, s) - 1) a living room in a barrack or, in official language, a hostel. AT sections can accommodate from 20 to 200 people.

2) The generalized name of the so-called. " amateur organizations of convicts" or " self-government bodies of convicts".

Family (t) - a group of 3-5 prisoners (sometimes more), connected by a trusting relationship. Members families provide each other with help and support in everyday life, but also bear responsibility for each other.

Gray (t) - synonym men.

Get on wheels - be on the run, hide

LED and SR (o) - see GUITU,

Pre-trial detention center (o) - pre-trial detention center. An institution intended for the detention of arrested persons in respect of whom a court verdict has not entered into legal force. AT SIZO, as a rule, there are separate cells or departments for women, minors arrested for the first time and recidivists, patients sentenced to death, as well as for prisoners transported to ITU. AT SIZO convicts are also kept, awaiting transfer or left for household work in SIZO. AT SIZO there is a department for disciplinary punishment (punishment cell).

Follow the broom (t) - do not allow offensive expressions or individual swear words in the conversation.

Watcher (t) - In the case when there is no prison or colony thief, thieves' the world can send a representative there who will see to it that the prisoners observe prison law and thieves'"orders" beholder. In this case looking is provided with a "mandate", i.e. a note in which there is a corresponding order and which looking presents authority nym thieves. If red zone, controlled woolen etc., looking must choose his own assistants right prisoners and take power in ITU. Looking may be assigned thief leaving for freedom or for a stage.

Owner -??????

Special contingent (s) - so employees ITU and SIZO called prisoners.

The Special Commandant's Office is a penitentiary institution for offenders "convicted on probation with mandatory labor" and "released on parole with mandatory labor" (i.e. prisoners ITC general, enhanced and strict regimes who, by decision of the court, reduced the punishment regime). AT special commandant's office the prisoner is obliged to live in a special dormitory and work in an enterprise indicated to him (often with harmful or difficult working conditions). Most often, those sentenced to this type of punishment are sent to regions far from their permanent place of residence.

In 1993, such a type of punishment as sending a conditionally convicted person to a special commandant's office with mandatory involvement in labor was abolished.

Cm. chemistry.

Special, special corridor, special building (t, s) - department SIZO for persons under investigation who, at the direction of the investigator or opera should be kept in greater isolation from other prisoners, to prevent contact with accomplices or harmful influences on other prisoners, sometimes to ensure the safety of that prisoner (see, for example, presser). The cells of this department are designed for a smaller number of places (from one to 10-12) than ordinary cells, where several dozen people can be.

Special (t) - General regime ITK. It is called so because of the reigning in ITC this regime of abusive relations between prisoners.

special detention center

Special school, special vocational school (o) - see bark beetle.

SPP (o) - section crime prevention, one of the amateur prisoner organizations"(former name - SVP - internal order section), by enrolling in which the prisoner acquires the status goat. Sometimes the administration ITU forces prisoners to join SPP forcibly. It's done by hand goats who torture those who refused to write an application for joining SPP. Attempts to get out of the caste goats are usually unsuccessful. Such traitors can be put in a cell with prisoners who adhere to prison law and allegedly “accidentally” inform them about the camp past of this man. After this former goat (activist) can lower or kill. These are just some of the administration's latent ways of fighting ITU With prison law. see also broom, ban, nightstand.

Ask (t) - punish the prisoner after showdown per lawlessness or violation prison law.

Get pissed off, pissed off thief - see Bitch.

Stand on the gate - open and close the passage from one local zone to another. Cm. locale, local tower.

Strogach (t) - High security penitentiary.

Strict mode - see Strogach.

Bitch (t) - 1) By ZhR: " thief... that violated thieves' law". In the late 40s - early 50s, a bloody massacre unfolded in the camps, known as the" war boughs and thieves"(See, for example, ZhR, as well as "Essays on the Underworld" by V. Shalamov, Don, No. 1, 1989, p. 99).

2) Broken thief or thieves' who agreed to openly cooperate with the administration ITU. "pissed off", which became goat thieves', is distinguished, as a rule, by extreme cruelty, sadism towards other prisoners; upon release, many of " huddled"commit heinous crimes.

Rusk (t) - 1) A prisoner using a false name and surname for the purpose of an earlier release. Rarely seen at present.

2) Prisoner pretending to be thieves or even thief(usually - this is an agent or provocateur operational units). Hiding his past (for example, the fact of being in a caste omitted or goats).

Bough zone - zone, where control ( they rule) screwed up thieves(cm. bitch, thief, thieves'), i.e. who have entered into an alliance with the administration, which prison law strictly prohibited. As a rule, such thieves, striving to achieve their own goals, especially oppress prisoners and goofless t.

Skhodnyak (t) - something like a permanent council thieves in ITU, who analyzes conflicts between prisoners, issues related to the life of prisoners, the announcement of strikes, the preparation of a riot, the change in some norms that are in force among the prisoners of this ITU, appeal to thieves,thieves others ITU or those in the wild, etc. see also prison law, thieves.

Gathering of thieves (t) - periodically assembled collegial body thieves in law individual region or several regions. Decides to punish violators thieves' law resolves disputes, appoints watching for individual ITU, takes in the thieves worthy candidates, etc. Gathering of thieves can also occur in prisons. For this the thieves from different ITU can get to the prison hospital in various ways, where such gathering arrange easier. More important questions regarding, for example, clarifications in interpretation law, joint actions of various groupings are allowed on gatherings collected at will. see also thief, thieves orders, thieves' law.

Sapeshniks (t) - members SPP.

Tanker - the same as fighter, bull, gladiator, athlete. (Cm. Fighter, gladiator).

Wheelbarrow - take note of a person's misdeed, so that then, without punishing him precisely for this, blackmail him with the possibility of detection and punishment.

Silent person - a hidden informer, an uninitiated informer or goat not very jealous activist.

Torpedo - 1) Bodyguard;

2) - a prisoner who fulfills the gangway death sentence against another prisoner. Often torpedo sent on this mission from one camp to another.

Hold, load into the hold, hold - place in SCHIZO or PKT. The expression arose, apparently, because these rooms are quite often located in basements and are dark and cold.

Bedside table (t, s) - 1) Post at the entrance to the barracks, where they usually put nightstand with various documents and local telephone associated with watch and headquarters. According to the official order bedside tables a specially appointed duty officer must be on duty, who is obliged to report to all employees entering the barracks ITU about the number of prisoners in the barracks, etc. In case of any violations of the order, the duty officer must report this to the management ITC or DPNC by local phone. Usually, prisoners on duty are appointed from among goats.

2) One way to fight the administration ITU With prison law. By right concepts duty at bedside tables(see paragraph 1 of this article) is considered unacceptable for men and thieves. A person who agrees to such duty automatically acquires the status goat. The administration sometimes begins to force to be on duty at bedside tables all prisoners in order of priority. For refusal of such duty, the prisoner is severely punished by the administration, subjected to the press. This is done with a clear understanding of what threatens such duty for prisoners from among men and thieves. see also ban, HOP, broom.

Prison law is a set of informal norms and rules that operate in the community of prisoners. Unlike thieves' law, on the basis of which it was formed in the 60s (when thieves and thieves in ITU actually gone) prison law includes all prisoners within its scope; defines its own norms, prohibitions, taboos for each group ( suits) of prisoners, regulates relations between representatives of these groups, introduces mechanisms for resolving conflicts between prisoners. All conflicts must be resolved prison law by using showdown and appeals to authorities. authorities most often there are people from the caste thieves(this is another proof that the middle caste - men not just spontaneously formed into some social whole, but they took the caste as a model thieves who already had their own developed law and order).

AT last years there is evidence of a gradual prison law new orders based on corruption, the merging of the criminal world with the administration ITU, the power of money. According to our assessment, this trend can lead to an increase in organized crime, an increase in the proportion of violent and unrestricted crimes, a real deterioration in the situation of prisoners, destabilization of work ITU, to some extent, and destabilization of the situation in society.

see also correct concepts, thieves, men, goats, lowered.

Prison - 1) (r) The general name of all places of detention, which is also used in ordinary language.

2) (r) The common name for all prison-type institutions, including covered and investigative prison (SIZO). Prison often receives an unofficial name for its location (Butyrki, Lefortovo, Krasnaya Presnya - in Moscow, Lukyanovka - in Kyiv, etc.).

1. (o) A prison-type facility for convicts. Cm. Covered.

Corner (t) - thieves', which is the informal leader in sections, barracks or assigned to this role gangway. As a rule, it occupies an honorable lower place in the corner of the sleeping quarters in the barracks.

Parole (o) - parole from punishment. The final decision on parole adopted by the visiting session of the district court at the location of the correctional institution. parole can be of two types, the first of which involves simply release with the opportunity to return to the place of residence, the second ( parole with mandatory involvement in labor) is associated with transfer to special commandant's office. In 1993, the second type of punishment was abolished.

UID - Department of Correctional Affairs. Cm. GUIN.

UITU (o) - management ITU. Structural subdivision of the regional (regional, regional) department of internal affairs, in charge of which are located on its territory ITU(except forest). Currently renamed to WIN(Department for the Execution of Punishments).

Criminal Code of the RSFSR - the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, which was in force on the territory of the RSFSR, and then the Russian Federation from January 1, 1961 to December 31, 1996. From January 1, 1997, a new criminal code, the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, is in force in Russia.

ULITU - Forest management ITU, regional division GULIT.

Code of Criminal Procedure of the RSFSR - Code of Criminal Procedure.

Urka - old name thieves, now almost out of use.

Amplifier (t) - ITC enhanced mode.

Break plywood (t) - break a person chest, one of the ways to torture youngsters.

Farshmanutsya (forshmanutsya) - 1. To be in a ridiculous position. 2. Being convicted of a crime. 3. Be compromised.

Fraer (t) - According to JR: "A person not belonging thieves world." At present, the word fraer in many regions acquired the exact opposite meaning: a prisoner close to thieves, thieves'. For example, fool around means to imitate thieves;trump fraer - thieves'. It also retains its former meaning in some words, for example, turn around- to make a mistake right from point of view prisoner a (but not freestyle) act.

The old meaning of the word fraer is now conveyed by the word " goof".

Fraerize (t) - see fraer.

Pound (t) - reduced nutritional rate per strict prison regime, including and soldering bread weighing 400 g (per day).

Bullshit - 1) ass;
2) lies.

Sweatshirt - a prisoner behaving unworthily, most often in relation to the payment of card debts, for which he is always in danger lowering. Sometimes, having lost, he agrees on one more attempt, agreeing in case of losing on lowering: it's called - “play on bullshit”.

The tail is a misdemeanor of a prisoner, from the punishment for which he evades, trying to move to another barrack, to another zone where no one knows about his misconduct. Information about his offense usually follows the offender. "Long tail behind the bunk” - several misdemeanors or one major one that is hidden by the offender. Sometimes (when the offense is already known and condemned) tail is a judgment in absentia, delivered in accordance with prison law.

Hut (t) - camera.

Chemist (t) - a prisoner sent to chemistry.

Chemistry (t) is the unofficial name of one of the types of criminal punishment. It is officially called grant of parole (parole) or conditional sentence with obligatory involvement in labor. This type of punishment is associated with transfer to special commandant's office where the prisoner is obliged to live in a special hostel and work at the enterprise indicated to him. In 1992-93 this type of punishment in most countries b. The USSR was canceled due to the collapse of the economy.

Khipezh (kipezh) - unrest, unrest, rebellion, started by prisoners against the administration, or by the administration against prisoners.

The owner (t) is the head of the prison or colony.

Hozband - see Household service.

Household service (o, t) - prisoners who perform housekeeping work in places of deprivation of liberty (cooks, “balanders” - food distributors, and others). Also called prisoners who perform these duties in SIZO and serving sentences there in accordance with Article 16 of the Correctional Labor Code RSFSR- “Leaving convicts in a pre-trial detention center or prison for housekeeping work.” Household service- one of those categories of prisoners to whom the camp community treats with a greater or lesser degree of hostility.

A business executive is a prisoner convicted of economic crimes. In the 1980s, there were many such people in places of detention, and they constituted a noticeable stratum, distinguished by their behavior. business executives showed considerable flexibility: without denying prison law, they often went beyond it, entering economic positions, i.e. becoming goats and used their knowledge and economic experience for the benefit of the administration, but at the same time tried to somehow improve their reputation with the prisoners. see also Tsekhovik.

Colored (t) - 1) Employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, sometimes - everyone who serves in the army wears shoulder straps. Also called former employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, prosecutors, judges, high-ranking civil servants, etc., who are kept in SIZO and ITU. They are placed in separate cells in investigative prison x, for them there are separate ITC what is being done to prevent reprisals against colored from other prisoners. There are cases when the investigator seeks colored any evidence at the risk of being placed in a cell for ordinary prisoners. The threat of a lynching most often turns out to be much worse than any criminal punishment.

2) In some regions, the word colored used in its former (30-50s) meaning. According to JR: " thieves' or thief in law, urka".

Centryak (t) - thieves and their environment.

Tsekhovik (t) - 1) An entrepreneur who used the possibilities of the state economy for personal enrichment and, as a rule, to expand “his” production. Synonym - “shady business”, i.e. representative of the so-called “shadow economy”.

2) Convicted for entrepreneurial activity - usually under Article 93.1 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR “Theft of state or public property on an especially large scale”. In 1993, despite the legalization of private entrepreneurial and commercial activities, many “ shop workers continued to serve their sentences.

Black (t) - see thieves'.

Black zone, black suit - black suit - thieves; black zone - zone, managed thieves.

Devil (t) - a person who occupies one of the lowest levels in the informal hierarchy of prisoners (below - only ingots and lowered). Crap differs inconsistency of his moral principles, irresponsibility in behavior and untidy appearance.

CHIS (s) - “part of the quartermaster service”, a division of the camp administration, which is responsible, among other things, for providing prisoners with clothes, shoes, bedding, etc.

Chushok (t) is a representative of a group with a low status in the informal hierarchy of prisoners (lower in status only lowered). They are forced to do dirty work obshchak and youngster rob, take things from them. Most often these are people who are unadapted (for various reasons) to life in prison, unable to resist, stand up for themselves, indifferent to everything. Their main distinguishing feature is a neglected appearance. Word ingots more commonly used in youngsters.

Wool, woolen (t) - 1) Prisoners who pretend to be authority nyh, thieves, but really go wild acting in their own interests or at the direction of the administration.
2) Blat nye lawless people.

ShIZO (o) - punishment cell. branch ITU, where the cameras for violators of the containment regime are located. Settled in SCHIZO significantly limited in rights. Until 1988 in SCHIZO there was a reduced diet (torture by hunger). In addition, all clothes were taken away from the prisoners and only a light cotton suit was given out, they were not taken out for a walk, they did not receive bed linen and a mattress, letters, parcels, parcels. AT SCHIZO usually difficult conditions are created (cold in winter, stuffy in summer), contributing to the development of tuberculosis. According to the Law of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation of June 12, 1992, many of these restrictions were abolished. A time limit has also been introduced for SCHIZO: single room in SCHIZO- up to 15 days, the total term of punishment for a year - no more than 2 months. However, even after this, the placement in SCHIZO- one of the heaviest punishments. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 13 dated 15.01.93 in ShIZO, PKT, In the punishment cell, a reduced dietary norm was again introduced, which contradicts the current legislation, since the establishment of nutritional norms is the prerogative of the Russian government.

ShIZO is usually combined with PKT, forming something like an inner prison ITU.

In some ITU(more often in forest) happens SCHIZO with the conclusion to work, i.e. during the day the prisoner works at his usual place, and after work he returns to SCHIZO. In this case, at least at work, the punished prisoner can smoke, warm up, get help from families. There is also a worse option, when prisoners in SCHIZO are brought to work in the working chambers located in the same building.

Shkvarnoy (t) - the same as omitted.

Shkonka, shkonar (t) - bunk. In prison - a couch, welded from metal pipes and strips, embedded in the floor; often two- or three-tiered. By number bunk usually judge the size and capacity of the chambers.

Skin - prisoner skye jacket

Skin (t) - a denunciation reporting on another prisoner (see. hand over the skin).

Shmon (t, s) - search.

Shnyr (t) - 1) A prisoner who has taken on (sometimes under pressure from other prisoners) the duty to clean the cell, barracks, production premises, to do the work that prisoners are required to do in turn. For this work, he receives from the prisoners themselves a certain payment in food, smoke, money.

2) Prisoners holding the positions of orderlies (on duty, errands, cleaners) in separate structural units ITU (ShIZO, PKT, headquarters, meeting rooms, detachments etc.). Shnyr counts goat already by position.

To spy - to spy in someone's favor, most often in favor of the administration.

Headquarters (s) - premises ITC, in which the offices of the employees of the colony are located (head, deputies, operational workers, etc.). Often the medical unit is located in the same room.

Fur coat (t, s) - a special relief coating of the walls of a prison cell. According to the official version, fur coat walls are covered to prevent prisoners from writing on the walls; another version: so that they do not commit suicide by smashing their heads against the wall. According to the testimony of prisoners, neither one nor the other destination fur coat does not perform. But in chambers with fur coat no disinfection will destroy insects (bugs, spiders, wood lice, etc.). Fur coat mentally suppresses a person, makes his life in prison even more unbearable: the walls are prickly, neither to lean against, nor to hold his hand ...

Stage (t) - a room for newly arrived prisoners (etapniks) in the colony, where they are kept in isolation from other prisoners ITU within a few days. This time is used not only for medical checks (mainly for infectious diseases) of newly admitted, ascertaining their profession and qualifications, but also for identifying negative convicts, as well as for breaking those who adhere correct concepts. see also ban, press, SPP.

Articles of the Criminal Code (Criminal Code) RSFSR mentioned in the text of the collections of the series:

Art. fifteen - "Responsibility for preparation for a crime or for an attempted crime." "I have been in prison since 05/20/83, a term of 7 years, art. 15-103 Criminal Code of the RSFSR ..." - that is, for attempted murder (Article 103 Criminal Code of the RSFSR ).

Art. 24.1 - "Especially dangerous recidivist" (in letters this article, which regulates the recognition of a person as an especially dangerous recidivist and the abolition of this status, is usually referred to as "Article 24"; application of Article 24.1 Criminal Code of the RSFSR is one of the most acute problems of criminal justice in Russia).

Art. 24.2 - "Probationary sentence to deprivation of liberty with the obligatory involvement of the convict in labor."

Art. 41 - "Appointment of punishment for several sentences."

Art. 62 - provides for the application of compulsory medical measures to alcoholics and drug addicts; imposed in addition to the main punishment. It is withdrawn by the court at the end of treatment, if its result, according to the conclusion of the medical board, is positive. Until the removal of Article 62, measures to mitigate punishment are not applied to the prisoner ( parole, chemistry, amnesty, pardon, etc.).

Art. 70 - Anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda. A significant number of dissidents were condemned under this article. Currently replaced ("Calls for the violent overthrow or change of the Soviet state and social system").

Art. 77-1 - "Actions that disrupt the work ITU".

Art. 89- 93-1 - Articles including crimes against state property.

Art. 102 - "Deliberate murder under aggravating circumstances."

Art. 103 - Intentional murder.

Art. 105 - "Murder when exceeding the limits of necessary defense."

Art. 108 - Intentional grievous bodily harm.

Art. 112 - "Intentional light bodily injury or battery."

Art. 117 - "Rape."

Art. 121 - "Sodomy". Currently, part one of this article, which provides for punishment for non-violent homosexual intercourse, has been repealed.

Art. 142 - An article providing punishment for violation of the law on cults. Currently excluded from the criminal code.

Art. 144 - "Theft".

Art. 145 - Robbery.

Art. 146 - "Robbery" .

Art. 147 - "Fraud".

Art. 148 - "Extortion".

Art. 156 - "Deception of buyers and customers."

Art. 170 - "Abuse of power or official position."

Art. 173 - Taking a bribe.

Art. 174 - "Giving a bribe."

Art. 180 - "Knowingly false denunciation."

Art. 188-1 - "Evasion from serving a sentence in the form of deprivation of liberty."

Art. 188-3 - "Malignant disobedience to the demands of the administration ITU", introduced on 09/13/83.

Art. 190-1 - "The spread of deliberately false slanderous fabrications discrediting the Soviet social system." Currently cancelled.

Art. 191-1 - "Resistance to a police officer or people's combatant."

Art. 191-2 - "Encroachment on the life of a police officer or people's combatant."

Art. 198 - "Violation of the rules of the passport system."

Art. 198-2 - "Malicious violation of the rules of administrative supervision."

Art. 206 - "Hooliganism".

Art. 207 - Threats to kill, cause grievous bodily harm, or destroy property.

Art. 209-1 - "Passiness". Excluded by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR on August 7, 1975.

Art. 228 - Manufacture or sale of pornographic objects.

Article Compliance UK former Soviet republics found in the collection, articles Criminal Code of the RSFSR dated January 1, 1961:

Art. 88 - UK Kaz.SSR complies Article 103 of the Criminal Code RSFSR;

Art. 168 - UK Kaz.SSR complies Art. 154 UK RSFSR ;

Art. 171 - UK Kaz.SSR complies art.191-1 UK RSFSR;

Art. 200 - UK Kaz.SSR complies art.206 UK RSFSR ;

Art. 108 - UK Kirg.SSR complies Art. 117 UK RSFSR ;

Art. 91 - UK Uz.SSR corresponds Article 112 of the Criminal Code RSFSR ;

Art. 43 - UK Ukrainian SSR complies Article 41 of the Criminal Code RSFSR;

Art. 101 - UK Ukrainian SSR complies Article 102 of the Criminal Code RSFSR;

Art. 142 - UK Ukrainian SSR complies Article 146 of the Criminal Code RSFSR;

Art. 190 -UK Ukrainian SSR complies Article 191-2 of the Criminal Code RSFSR.

Article 201 - Code of Criminal Procedure of the RSFSR - "Familiarization of the accused with all the materials of the case."

Article 9 - Amnesty Decree 1987: according to Article 9 The amnesty decree of 1987, the amnesty did not apply to convicts who had outstanding convictions.