Simple two-part and one-part sentences are types of sentences. What is a two-part offer? How to distinguish it from one-component? Two-part sentence

The opposition of two-part and one-part sentences is connected with the number of members included in the grammatical basis.

Two-part sentences contain two the main members are the subject and the predicate.

The boy is running; The earth is round.

One-part sentences contain one main member (subject or predicate).

Evening; It's evening.

Types of one-part sentences

Notes.

1) Negative impersonal sentences ( No money; There is not a cloud in the sky) are monosyllabic only when negation is expressed. If the construction is made affirmative, the sentence becomes two-part: the form of the genitive case will change to the form of the nominative case (cf .: No money. - Have money ; There is not a cloud in the sky. - There are clouds in the sky).

2) A number of researchers form the genitive case in negative impersonal sentences ( No money ; There is not a cloud in the sky) considers part of the predicate. In school textbooks, this form is usually parsed as an addition.

3) Infinitive sentences ( Be silent! Be thunder!) are classified as impersonal by a number of researchers. They are also discussed in the school textbook. But infinitive sentences differ from impersonal ones in meaning. The main part of impersonal sentences denotes an action that arises and proceeds independently of the agent. In infinitive sentences, the person is encouraged to take active action ( Be silent!); inevitability or desirability active action (Be thunder! To go to the sea!).

4) Nominative (nominative) sentences are classified by many researchers as two-part with a zero link.

Note!

1) In negative impersonal sentences with an addition in the form of the genitive case with an intensifying particle neither ( There is not a cloud in the sky; I don't have a dime) the predicate is often omitted (cf.: The sky is clear; I don't have a dime).

In this case, we can talk about a one-part and at the same time incomplete sentence (with an omitted predicate).

2) The main meaning of denominative (nominative) sentences ( Night) is the statement of being (presence, existence) of objects and phenomena. These constructions are possible only if the phenomenon is correlated with the present time. When changing tense or mood, the sentence becomes two-part with the predicate to be.

Wed: It was night ; There will be night; Let there be night; It would be night.

3) Nominative (nominative) sentences cannot contain circumstances, since this minor member usually correlates with the predicate (and there is no predicate in nominal (nominative) sentences). If the sentence contains a subject and a circumstance ( Pharmacy- (where?) around the corner; I- (where?) to the window), then it is more expedient to analyze such sentences as two-part incomplete ones - with an omitted predicate.

Wed: The pharmacy is/is located around the corner; I rushed/ran to the window.

Wed: I am walking/following you.

Plan for parsing a one-part sentence

1. Determine the type of one-part sentence.
2. Indicate those grammatical features of the main member that make it possible to attribute the sentence to this particular type of one-component sentences.

Sample parsing

Show off, city of Petrov(Pushkin).

The offer is one-part (definitely personal). Predicate show off expressed by the verb in the second person of the imperative mood.

Fire lit in the kitchen(Sholokhov).

The sentence is one-part (indefinitely personal). Predicate lit expressed by the verb in the plural past tense.

With a gentle word you will melt the stone(proverb).

The offer is one-sided. In form - definitely personal: predicate melt expressed by the verb in the second person of the future tense; in meaning - generalized-personal: the action of the verb-predicate refers to any actor (cf .: With a kind word and a stone will melt any / anyone).

Smelled wonderfully fishy(Kuprin).

The offer is one-part (impersonal). Predicate smelled expressed by the verb in the impersonal form (past tense, singular, neuter).

soft moonlight(stagnant).

The offer is one-part (named). Main member - subject light- expressed by a noun in the nominative case.

The predicative center of two-part sentences consists of two main members - subject oh and predicate(Ukrainian p_dmeta i award). The subject and predicate can be extended by minor members. The subject with the minor members related to it forms the composition (or group) of the subject. Accordingly, the predicate with the secondary members related to it forms the composition (or group) of the predicate. For example: Well-fed and shaved, Vorobyaninov was briskly selling tickets (I. Ilf, E. Petrov). The composition of the subject form the subject Vorobyaninov and two agreed definitions well-fed and shaved that refer directly to the subject. The composition of the predicate form the predicate traded, addition tickets and circumstance of action smartly.

The subject and predicate groups are mutually permeable. Often, members of a proposal of one composition may be on the “territory” of another. For example: The dreamer Vostrikov in his own candle factory(I. Ilf, E. Petrov).

The subject and the predicate are connected with each other by predicative relations. It is in the system of forms of the main members that the objectively modal meaning is expressed, that is, the correlation of what is said in the sentence (content) with reality.

Bipartite sentences - the main structural and semantic type of a simple sentence, which has the most complete set of differential features of a simple sentence.

Subject (ukr. pіdmet) - the main member of a two-part sentence, denoting the subject, the attribute of which is named in the predicate. The subject understanding of the subject is understood very broadly: it can be a person, an animate or inanimate object, a phenomenon, an abstract concept. The subject can be expressed by any part of speech, as well as a phrase. The most common subjects are nouns and pronouns. For example: War promoted him to a high command position. But it turned out the owner he did not become (V. Grossman); Live- To serve the motherland (proverb); Served two comrades.

Subject with lexical meaning the approximation of time, the number of objects can also be expressed in the non-nominative case: Gone about an hour. (cf.: Passed hour); Gone about forty people. (cf.: Gone forty people).

Predicate (Ukr. predicate) - the main member of a two-part sentence, expressing the sign of an object called subject. The most typical form of the predicate is a verb in the personal form, denoting the action or state of the subject, called the subject. According to the structure, three types of predicate are distinguished: 1. Simple verb. 2. Compound (compound verb and compound nominal). 3. Complicated.

In a simple verbal predicate, the meanings are expressed in one word, in a compound one - two words: a) a link and a nominal part; b) auxiliary verb and infinitive. A compound predicate consists of three words: a) three verbs; b) two verbs and a name.

Simple verb predicate(Ukrainian simple disposition) is expressed by a verb in the indicative, imperative or subjunctive moods, as well as an infinitive. Examples: Rooks from abandoned winter roads migrated on the threshing floor ... (M. Sholokhov); You look on him!; The bird seems to heard and believed him (G. Semyonov); And he let's ask.

A simple verbal predicate can be a complicated repetition of the same verb form, or a combination of two verb forms, or a combination of a verb form with modal and expressive particles ( so, know (to yourself), well, still and etc.). Examples: Longing abandoned fields, and wither, wither quinoa (S. Yesenin); I don't know this person; A Ivan Vasilievich know yourself silent.

A simple verbal predicate can also be expressed phraseological combination, equal to one word in value. For example: He out of my mind; I came to believe that you are right; Marya Ivanovna's words opened to me eyes and explained I have a lot (A. Pushkin); instruct his on the mind, Vasilisa Ignatievna! (A. Ostrovsky).

Compound verb predicate (Ukr. dієslіvniy folded adjective) is a predicate that consists of an auxiliary verb and an infinitive. An auxiliary verb can be:

1. Phase verbs denoting the beginning, continuation, end of the action, called the infinitive: quit, finish, start, start, stay, stop, continue, become, etc.: We quit fishing and started rowing to the shore (K. Paustovsky); Already you became a little fade(S. Yesenin); Fish before the storm stopped pecking(K. Paustovsky).

2. Verbs with modal meaning, expressing various shades of modality: a) possibility (impossibility), obligation, predisposition to action: Examples: Oh, if only you could I hate(A. Pushkin); She is couldn't be happier on her and boast her (G. Semyonov); He managed to start all over again; b) desire, decision or aspiration. Examples: I want to go forward ... (L. Tolstoy); Wayfarers wished to stop; c) thought processes, various mental experiences. Examples: He liked to search and unexpectedly find; I'm afraid I am not death. Oh no! I'm afraid to disappear absolutely (M. Lermontov). 3. Phraseological combinations with a modal meaning (to be unable; burn with desire, etc.). Examples: I was unable to fulfill your request; Guests expressed a desire to leave to the garden.

Compound nominal predicate (Ukrainian nominal folds adjective) - this is a predicate that consists of the main, nominal, part and verb copula. In the main part can be used: noun, adjective, pronoun, numeral, participle (nominal form of the verb), and occasionally adverb: He was a teacher; He talented; You not like that; I I'll go first. My friend enlisted to university; Horses ready etc. A bunch can be verbally expressed and not verbally expressed, that is, zero. The presence of a zero link in the composition of the predicate is revealed by constructing a sentence paradigm. For example: Nicholas real sportsman– Nikolay was hereby sportsman– Nikolay will be hereby sportsman.

Connective elements of a compound nominal predicate. Among the connective elements of the compound nominal predicate, there are:

a) insignificant(abstract) ligaments: was - will be - would be - be - let it be, etc., is. For example: These happy Days were fleeting and light as air;

b) semi-significant bundles (with a more specific meaning): it seems, becomes, became, remained, turned out, is considered, is called, looks, is known: Lately he became completely silent (A. Ivanov);

c) significant ligaments. As a rule, verbs with a full lexical meaning act as such bundles, denoting either movement or the state of an object: walk, sit, work, return, go, etc.: A few days Ivan Petrovich went sullen.

Nominal components of a compound nominal predicate

1. Noun and combination of a noun with an adjective. For example: Gathering place - parade ground(M. Sholokhov); Our neighbor remained until the end of his life adventurer . Often in the predicate, nouns are used together with adjectives, less often with other defining components, forming an inseparable semantic whole with them: My friend is a talented person; Spring is the time to wake up. The use of a noun without a defining component in such cases is either impossible or completely changes the content (Compare: My friend is a man; Spring– it's time). The main semantic load in such sentences lies precisely in the defining component. The noun here can be omitted or it can be replaced by another word. For example: My friend is (man) talented; Spring is time (time)awakening .

2. Adjective. In the nominal part of the predicate, three forms of the adjective can be used: a) brief; b) complete in the nominative case; in) complete in instrumental case. All three forms are allowed only with a minor connection: My girlfriend was talkative – was talkative – was talkative; My girlfriend - talkative– talkative . (The instrumental case with a zero connective is not used). In modern Russian, the short form is realized, as a rule, only as a predicate. Its use in the definition function is usually excluded. It is characteristic that in a predicate the full form can almost always be replaced by a short one, but not vice versa. Often the short form is used only as the only possible one. This is if:

1) a sign is indicated that is characteristic only for a certain condition: Blazerto me wide(rather than “wide in general”); To subordinates strict(and not "strict" at all); 2) indicated

to a temporary state (we are talking about those adjectives that can denote both temporary and permanent quality of a person): Neighbor has the flu(currently, not at all) and Neighbor is a sick person(we are talking about a permanent state, that is, in this case, a chronically ill person); Today he is full, cheerful, angry, calm etc. In addition, there is a group of adjectives, the use of which is possible either only in a short form, or the short and full forms of which differ significantly in meaning and are perceived almost as different words: glad, right, free (Compare: free to do something - a free man), visible (Compare: the pond is visible from afar - a prominent scientist) etc. Often, according to the norms of the language, both full and short forms are allowed. In this case, it should be remembered that the short form is more typical for written speech. In addition, it is distinguished by a greater categoricalness of the expressed assessment. In colloquial speech, the full form often dominates: Our winters are cold (not "cold"); The girl is cute (not "pretty").

3. Communion. Participle in the role of the nominal part of the predicate is common, especially for short passive participles of the past tense: Door was open ; City destroyed; affected expressed sympathy. With semi-significant connectives, the full form in the instrumental case is usually used: Story turned out fictional ; A task remained unresolved . Real participles in the role of the nominal part of the predicate are used very rarely: Student today went thinking .

4. Pronoun. The nominal part of the predicate can also be expressed by the pronoun. The use of pronouns in this syntactic function is similar to the use of nouns and adjectives. For example: What this is?; We not like that etc.

5. Numerals. The use of numerals as part of the predicate is either a consequence of the reduction of the quantitative-nominal combination, or it is an ordinal number (ordinal adjective): It's frosty outside fourty(forty degrees); My house third on right.

6. Adverb. Adverbs can act as the nominal part of the predicate. For example: He was unbearable; His sister has long married; All doors wide open.

7. Infinitive. The function of the nominal part of the predicate can also be performed by the infinitive: Contribute to your ideas means to help to myself; Our task execute plan. (Compare: Our task is to fulfill the plan).

Compound predicate (Ukrainian folding sentence) is a predicate that consists of three or more words and is, as it were, a complicated compound verbal or compound nominal predicate. A compound predicate is also called a three-term compound predicate. A complex predicate can consist of only verbs ( I I want to start learning on one's own) and can combine verbs and a name in its composition (I decided to become a teacher).

The connection of the predicate with the subject. The predicate usually agrees with the subject. If the subject is expressed by a noun, then the predicate is placed in 3rd person singular or plural, and in the past tense it agrees in gender and number: It's raining autumn; Dawn is calling another (S. Yesenin); Yesterday snow.

If the subject is an immutable noun, then the form of the number of the predicate depends on the real meaning of the subject: New coatbought in a department store.

If the subject is expressed by a quantitative numeral or infinitive, the predicate is used in the singular, and in the past tense and in the subjunctive mood - in the middle gender: Fourdivided two without a trace; Participate in the presentation it was nice.

If the subject is expressed by a pronoun who, someone, somebody, somebody, then the predicate

put in the singular, regardless of the real meaning of the pronoun: Who goes on the street?; Someone knocked out the window. However, if the pronoun who is the subject of the subordinate part, then the predicate with it can be in the plural (when the subject in the main part has the plural form). For example: These were the ones people, who met me in the city.

If the subject is expressed by a combination of nouns (pronouns) in the instrumental case with a preposition, then the predicate is used in the plural: Boris and a friend turned from the road. If the predicate is in the singular, then this is an indication that the subject is not a combination of words, but only a noun (pronoun) in the nominative case: By the night Izvekov with Volodya, with baskets and packages got to Petrovka.

Questions and tasks

I. Why are two-part sentences classified as the main structural-semantic type of a simple sentence, which has the most complete set of differential features of a simple sentence? Rebuild the one-part sentences below into two-part sentences, and the two-part sentences into one-part sentences. Compare them.

1. I am sitting behind bars in a damp dungeon ... (A. Pushkin). 2. I am delirious on the first snow ... (S. Yesenin). 3. The boat was swept out to sea. 4. Someone is walking in the yard.

II. In the sentences below, identify the subject and predicate groups. Specify the way of expressing the principal terms. Pay attention to which minor members of the sentence are usually grouped around the subject and which around the predicate. When analyzing complex sentences, break them into parts.

1. Near the village, on the banks of the river, several guys and girls were crowding (A. Ivanov). 2. The summer was dry, there was no rain, from morning to evening the sun burned in the heavenly haze ... (G. Semenov). 3. Buranny Edigey, Elizarova, respected him, and he answered him in the same way (Ch. Aitmatov). 4. Drunk from the smell of flowers, the captain is dead, but their captain is also drunk to the board (V. Vysotsky). 5. There was a table at the door of the passport office, and a gray-haired official with a mustache gave out tickets with numbers, occasionally, like a school teacher, glancing through his glasses at a small crowd of different tribes (V. Nabokov). 6. And together the three all harnessed to it (I. Krylov).

III. What types of predicate do you know? Give examples of sentences with the types of predicate you named. What does compound verb predicate mean? Give examples.

IV. Find the predicates and determine how they are expressed. What does a compound (trinomial) predicate mean? Highlight the sentences with such predicates.

1. An excess of irrevocable years does not cure the weaknesses of others (A. Tvardovsky). 2. Part of the sailors from the "Brave", under the command of Marchenko, went to fight Kornilov (K. Paustovsky). 3. Two crooked crutches are hammered into the main wall (K. Simonov). 4. He knew how to be true to himself (M. Gorky). 5. The door was thin and flimsy, and the hook was wire (M. Gorky). 6. I would not smoke shag, but I would get "Kazbek" (A. Tvardovsky). 7. A person in any place must remain a person (D. Granin). 8. My friend wanted to learn how to fly.

V. What part of speech can the nominal part be expressed in a compound nominal predicate? What connective elements of a compound nominal predicate do you know? Give examples of sentences with a compound nominal predicate, where the nominal part is expressed by the parts of speech you named.

VI. Give examples of the agreement of the predicate with the subject. How does it manifest itself?

19. Two-part sentence. Characteristics and classification of two-part sentences.

Formal characteristic: the most independent forms. The nominative case of a noun for the subject, except when the subject is expressed by a phrase, for the verb is a personal form.

Connection subject and predicate - different points of view:

1) verbocentric concept

2) the main thing - the subject (Chess) - was reflected in grammar 54 (the predicate grammatically depends on the subject, although they are both main members)

3) coordination - the interconnectedness of 2 members. The subject determines the gender and number in the predicate - Beloshapkova defined this direction of communication as agreement. In the subject, the predicate determines the form of the nominative case - this is control.

control

subject predicate =coordination

agreement

20. The concept of a predicate in sra. Predicate types.

Two-part sentence - has a subject group (subject + words related to it) and a predicate group (predicate + words related to it). The subject and the predicate are the main parts of the sentence. They are opposed to minor members in terms of formal and content aspects.

The predicate is shp, denoting the sign of the subject and answering the questions: what does the subject do? What is being done with it? What is he? Who is he? What is he?

Predicate may be

1. simple verbal (expressed by the form of some mood. + PGS also includes predicates expressed by phraseological combinations with varying degrees of cohesion of parts, because they have a single whole meaning (cf .: lost his temper - got angry)) - he reads, has lost his patience, dances to someone else's tune, walks with a tremble;

2. complicated verbal predicate - expressed by 2 verbs in one form: I'll go look, go and you sit down, shoot don't shoot, take take In the OGS:

1) both verbs have the same form, and the first indicates the action, and the second - the purpose of this action: I will go for a walk in the garden;

2) verb form. TAKE is connected with the help of unions AND, YES, YES AND with the same form of verb. to denote an arbitrary action: he took it and left completely ...

3) strengthened the meaning of the verb. saying: we can’t wait for spring;

4) Undefined f. is combined with personal / f of the same verb. with a particle NOT to emphasize the meaning of the saying: IT DOES NOT WORK ITSELF, and it interferes with others;

5) contains a turn to express the duration or intensity of the action: he ONLY DOES WHAT READS;

6) tale. Repeated to indicate long-term action: EMU, EMU in an open field;

7) tale. With the particle SO it is repeated for the designation. action, fully realized: that's really really sang so sung;

8) v. connected with the particle KNOW or KNOW YOURSELF for designation. an action that will take place no matter what: And he KNOW YOURSELF LAUGHS;

9) vb. connected with the particle WAS: he WAS GOING TO the theater

3. compound verbal predicate - personal form of the verb (modal verbs, short adjective or phase verb) + infinitive: he started to eat, he is ready to leave, he wants to learn

4. compound nominal predicate (consists of a linking verb in the personal form and a nominal part). Bundles:

1) abstract (to be) - he was smart

2) semi-significant (seem, become, be known) - he seemed smart

3) significant (what can be characterized as a circumstance of the mode of action) - we parted good friends

There is also a ZERO link in the nominal tale, which is not materially expressed and serves as an indicator of the present tense of the indicative mood: MAN IS THE BLACKsmith of HIS HAPPINESS. The concept of a zero link is derived from a comparison with sentences in which the link is presented in its function: the arrival of a rich neighbor IS an important era for the villagers. With a zero link, the nominal part can be attached to the subject by means of particles THIS, MEANS, HERE + comparative conjunctions AS, IF, LIKE, EXACTLY ... (mind is power);

5. complex verbal predicate (consists of 3 verbs (one in the personal form and two in the infinitive)) - could start singing, wanted to quit smoking

6. tripartite nominal predicate - wanted to be a diplomat can be considered as an addition)

Two-part sentence is a sentence in which there are both main members.

One-part sentence is a sentence that has only one main member.

Single sentences.

There are five types of single-component sentences: denominative, definite-personal,
indefinitely personal, generalized personal and impersonal.

Exercise. Find among the offers difficult sentence, which includes one-component - impersonal. Write the number of this offer.

(1) There is a lot of discussion about the detective. (2) Even more people read it. (3) One of the topics of dispute is whether it is worth reading at all. (4) If they think not, then they say: a detective story is not literature. (5) What is a detective? (6) Already the name of the genre (translated from English detective - “detective”) speaks volumes.

In each sentence, we highlight the basics: (1) There is a lot of debate about the detective. (2) Even more people read it. (3) One of the topics of dispute is whether it is worth reading at all. (4) If they think not, then they say: a detective story is not literature. (5) What is a detective? (6) Already the name of the genre (translated from English detective - “detective”) speaks volumes.

From sentences 1-6, you can immediately remove the first, second and fifth sentences, since they do not have punctuation marks, which means that they are neither complex nor complicated, as well as the third and sixth sentences, since there is only one stem. Proposition No. 4 remains. We find here the impersonal: the basis is no. Do not forget that no - this is the former form is not, where over time the negative particle is not and the infinitive is merged into one word!

Among these sentences, find a complex sentence, which includes a one-part impersonal. Write the number of this compound sentence.

(1) On June 10, 1812, Napoleon's army of thousands crossed the Russian border. (2) The invaders were confident of their quick victory. (3) The Russian troops were commanded by Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly, who came from an ancient Scottish family. (4) He was well aware of the indestructible power of the French army, believed that fighting the enemy now was suicide, so he decided to retreat. 5 Decided to retreat, despite the fact that his honor opposed it, despite the fact that many fighting companions reproached him for cowardice. (6) How difficult it was then for the commander-in-chief, who bore a foreign surname, which gave rise to the most absurd suspicions. (7) There were rumors that he was a traitor, that his relatives served with Napoleon and, they say, it was they who persuaded Barclay to betray.

Among sentences 1 - 15, find a complex one in which there are two one-part impersonal sentences. Write the number of this compound sentence.

(1) It recently fell to my lot to meet a wise old doctor. (2) He often appears in his department on weekends and holidays, not out of urgent need, but out of spiritual need. (3) He talks to patients not only about their illness, but also on difficult life topics. (4.) He knows how to give them hope and courage. (5) Long-term observations showed him that a person who never sympathized with anyone, did not empathize with anyone's suffering, finding himself in front of his own misfortune, is not ready for it. (6) Pitiful and helpless he meets such a test. (7) Selfishness, callousness, indifference, heartlessness cruelly avenge themselves. (8) Blind fear. (9) Loneliness. (10) Belated remorse. (11) One of the most important human feelings- sympathy. (12) And let it not remain just sympathy, but become action. (13) Assistance. (14) To those who need it, who are ill, although he is silent, one must come to the rescue, without waiting for a call. (15) There is no radio receiver stronger and more sensitive than the human soul.

Among sentences 1 - 4, find a complex one, which includes a one-part definite-personal. Write the number of this compound sentence.

(1) Purposeless protest against all sorts of laws and regulations, which feeds on the dark energy of animal instincts? (2) Or maybe an ineradicable need for knowledge? (3) A need that is as natural as the need to eat, drink, sleep... (4) Look back at the history of mankind: it is all in this uncompromising and steady movement beyond what is permitted.

One of the main characteristics of a sentence is information about the composition of the grammatical basis. From this point of view, all proposals are divided into one-part and two-part. Let's talk about the second one.

Grammatical basis

Every sentence must have a grammatical basis. It contains the main meaning, both communicative and grammatical.

There are incomplete sentences that may not have a grammatical basis; but they are not fully communication tools, since their meaning is clear only in the context. For example, the incomplete sentence "Ten." not clear out of context (How old are you? - Ten.)

The grammatical basis can usually retain some general meaning of the sentence, if all minor members are thrown out.

Example: Our the outside stretched along the river. - The outside dragged on.

The grammatical basis of a two-part sentence consists of two main members: the subject and the predicate. The subject is what the sentence is talking about, the subject of what is happening. The predicate is what we are told about the subject, the predicate. It is the predicate that binds the sentence to time. Even if it is not expressed by a verb (a compound nominal predicate), the very fact of the absence of a linking verb indicates the indicative mood and the present tense.

In a one-part sentence (this topic is studied in the Russian language lessons of the 8th grade), all the functions of the grammatical basis are taken over by one main member.

The main members of a two-part sentence

The subject always answers the question who? or what? and is in the nominative case. If it consists of several words, then at least one of them is in the nominative case.

The subject can be expressed