Physiological mobility. Why does tooth mobility occur and how to strengthen your teeth? Elimination of tooth mobility

A similar problem occurs in many people, especially in old age. Teeth have a kind of shock absorber, a balance, the violation of which leads to swaying and tooth loss. Many people don't pay attention to this special attention, but this is a reason to see a doctor. The cause may be periodontitis, or a damaged jaw.

With these diseases, the connection between the gum tissue and bone is disrupted, which leads to loosening of the tooth. Periodontitis - inflammatory process, directly related to the patient’s non-compliance with hygiene, as well as the use of low-quality hygiene items. The bone begins to dissolve.

Along with this, the reason may be malocclusion if the upper and lower jaw, or grinding, as a result of which hard tissues wear out and become mobile.

Only a doctor can determine the cause of mobility and prescribe treatment. Strong adhesive for fixation will not help if the bone around the hole has completely lost its strength. In this case, there is practically no chance of preservation.

Causes of mobility

Teeth become mobile when:

deep bite;
smoking;
heavy load on the tooth surface;
stress;
diseases thyroid gland;
mechanical injuries.

Symptoms include dental plaque, increased viscosity of saliva, and pain while eating.

Treatment of teeth with mobility:

If the bone tissue and gums have not atrophied, then with the help of surgical surgical intervention you can return the tooth to its place. Sometimes, to strengthen it, a removable or non-removable splint is placed in the hole, which will strengthen the fallen tooth with the neighboring one, and soon it will grow together.

Today, mobility is well treated with Emdogain, a biological product that can return soft and hard tissues to their previous state. Emdogain promotes the appearance of healthy tissue that will attach the tooth to the bone, restoring its vitality.

Mobility is a pathology that requires immediate dental treatment. The advanced form of periodontitis makes the treatment process difficult and not always successful. An extracted tooth modifies bone tissue, leading to partial or complete loss. All this entails the loosening of neighboring healthy teeth, since the bone tissue after the loss of a diseased tooth does not receive the load and begins to gradually dissolve.

In this case, doctors advise getting crowns or an artificial root. The pathology of dental mobility has three stages. In the first stage, teeth can only move in two directions: back and forth. Further, a sign of the second stage is that the teeth move sideways. The third stage is difficult, the movement occurs vertically and in a circle. Determine the degree of mobility with tweezers or a probe, pressing lightly in different directions.

In this way, it is recognized how much the ligaments are destroyed and what the nature of the inflammation associated with periodontitis is. In case of periodontitis, it is important to determine the depth of the clinical pocket. In case of a gum pocket, a gingival groove is probed, up to 3 mm deep. With a periodontal pocket, periodontal tissue is partially destroyed, and the bone tissue is destructed.

The depth of the pocket is measured with a graduated probe by pressing it against the tooth surface. The depth is measured on 4 sides. If periodontitis reaches an advanced stage, and the source of inflammation cannot be suppressed in the ear, then the tooth requires removal. In this case, it is possible to remove multi-rooted teeth, leading to the development of osteomyelitis. The result of the measurement is the deepest area.

Treatment is associated with the elimination of the factor affecting dental mobility. First of all, it is necessary to remove deposits. It is important to remove bleeding and restore the microflora of the oral cavity. Treatment is always aimed at preserving the tooth as much as possible.

As you can see, harmless vacillation conceals many dangers and hidden pathological factors. Don’t put off visiting a doctor, because modern orthopedics is equipped the latest materials and equipment for restoring dental health. You can install crowns of any complexity and from any material; this is much better than endangering the periodontium, which has been deprived of a tooth.

Even normal healthy teeth somewhat mobile. Data from the histological structure of the periodontium confirm the possibility of such mobility. Periodontium or pericementum, consisting of connective tissue penetrated by a dense network of numerous blood and lymphatic vessels and impregnated with tissue fluid, is a loose soft layer that allows the tooth, under the influence of chewing pressure, to move in different directions around the longitudinal and transverse axes.

Such micro-excursions, invisible to the naked eye and not detected by palpation of teeth, are confirmed by the existence of approximal facets on a tooth located in the middle of the dentition. So, for example, the 7th tooth has contact surfaces on the mesial and distal sides and facets on the side of the 6th and 8th teeth, the 8th tooth is in contact only with the 7th and therefore has only one facet on the mesial side. These facets are apparently formed as a result of naturally occurring microexcursions of the teeth around the vertical axis.

Pathological mobility of teeth. When examining a patient, teeth with pathological mobility are revealed. D. A. Entin distinguishes three degrees of tooth mobility. He defines a slight rocking of the tooth with fingers or tweezers, accompanied by a visible displacement of its crown in one direction (vestibular-oral), as mobility of the first degree. Visible displacement of the crown in two directions - vestibulo-oral and mesio-distal - indicates the second degree of tooth mobility. Tooth mobility in three directions - vestibulo-oral, medio-distal and apical - is assessed as the mobility of the third stele and.

Magnitude and topography dental defects. The size of the dentition defect and its location depend, as stated, on various reasons, including the anomaly in the number of erupted teeth.

Anomaly in the number of erupted teeth.

Anomaly in the number of teeth expressed in a decrease or increase in their number. Normally, the number of teeth in a primary dentition is 20, and in a permanent dentition - 32.

As a result of the reduction masticatory apparatus the number of teeth in modern humans has decreased to 32. The dental system tends to further reduction, in the process of adapting to the new functional needs of the masticatory apparatus. In this regard, the upper lateral incisors, upper and lower wisdom teeth disappear, and some authors believe that there is a reduction of the lower small molars. The transitional stages of reduction of these teeth are expressed in the spiky shape of the lateral incisors and the altered morphology of wisdom teeth. A decrease in the number of teeth may be the result of pathological processes. It is sometimes caused by pathology of development or eruption. In case of a developmental anomaly, the rudiments of teeth are absent in the jaw (edentia or anodontia); in case of pathology of eruption, the teeth are retained in the thickness of the bone tissue of the jaw (retention) and are detected only by palpation or x-ray examination.
Adentia can be complete or incomplete. The same can be said about retention. Retention occurs more often in the upper canines and second premolars.

Adentia and retention are rare, but usually a decrease in the number of teeth is associated with their loss or removal. This fact should also be clarified through a survey. If teeth fall out on their own and entirely, then in most cases they have obviously been affected by periodontal disease. If gradually decaying teeth were removed, then we are talking about teeth affected by caries.

Anomaly in the number of teeth is also expressed in an increase in their number, which is also rare. Supernumerary teeth are most often found in the area of the incisors of the upper or lower jaw and more often in the permanent than in the primary dentition. If there is space, supernumerary teeth are located in the dentition; if there is no space, they erupt orally or vestibularly. The eruption of four molars instead of three is sometimes also observed. Supernumerary canines and premolars are rare (Pekkert).

Etiology of supernumerary teeth is still unclear, and there are many theories to explain this issue. Some (Osborne) explain the formation of supernumerary teeth by the growth of the epithelium of the dental plate, others (Walkhoff) by the bifurcation of a normal tooth germ into parts capable of development; still others (Bolk) - atavism. Classification of dentition defects. The size of the defects and their location are determined by the dental formula. However, they vary so much that there is a need to systematize and classify them.

According to calculations by A.L. Grozovsky, there can be over 16,000 different combinations dental defects. Classifications have been proposed by many authors.

For class I defects it is possible use of prostheses only a removable structure, and in subclass I a bilateral prosthesis is indicated, and in subclass II - a unilateral prosthesis. For defects of subclass I, class II, a fixed prosthesis design may be indicated in all cases, and for subclass II, a removable design or removable dentures in combination with fixed ones, except for a defect in the area of the anterior teeth, in which a fixed design is indicated, even in the absence of four incisors.

Certainly, when choosing a design the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the teeth, the nature of the mucosa and the condition of other elements of the prosthetic field should be taken into account.

Tooth mobility Sooner or later it starts to bother many people. Elderly people especially often face this problem. Even in their normal state, teeth are characterized by some mobility, called physiological. This is due to the depreciation of the ligamentous apparatus, which allows you to evenly distribute the load during chewing. However, tooth mobility can also be pathological in nature - in this case, this problem should be dealt with.

Causes of tooth mobility

Tooth mobility can occur due to completely various reasons. The main ones are:

Loosening of teeth as a result of external influences and trauma.
Malocclusion, characterized by a violation of the position of the upper and lower dentition. Most often it causes mobility of the molars.
Inflammation of the periodontium, that is, periodontitis, in which destruction and slow loss of periodontal tissue occurs. The disease is simple, but quite common.
Inflammation of the gums spreading to the bone and ligaments.
Resorption of jaw bone tissue.
Poor oral hygiene contributes to a number of diseases.

Consequences of tooth mobility

Often, with tooth mobility, the situation is complicated by advanced periodontitis or bone loss. The fact is that tooth extraction provokes irreversible changes in bone tissue, leading to its complete or partial loss. After movable tooth will be removed, the bone ceases to receive the load it requires, resulting in gradual resorption of bone tissue. Neighboring teeth eventually also begin to loosen, since they need full-fledged bone. To avoid such consequences, dentists recommend installing an artificial root and a metal-ceramic crown - as a rule, such structures are quite durable and resemble natural teeth.

If tooth mobility or slight looseness is caused by gum disease, it is not always possible to save teeth. Usually, the possibility of preserving them depends on the condition of the soft tissues and the strength of the bones located in the sockets of the teeth. Of course, there is a much greater chance of saving teeth if they have become mobile as a result of external influences.

Types of tooth mobility

In dentistry, to determine the degree of tooth mobility, the Miller classification is most often used, distinguishing three degrees of tooth mobility:

I degree. Mobility in the horizontal direction is up to 1 mm.
II degree. Mobility in the horizontal direction is more than 1 mm.
III degree. Significant mobility in both horizontal and vertical directions.

Prevention of tooth mobility

The best preventive measure against tooth mobility is to ensure that the teeth are properly loaded. To do this, it is important to include hard fruits and vegetables in your diet. You also need to monitor the amount of microelements and vitamins entering the body.

Proper oral hygiene is equally important. You definitely shouldn’t limit yourself to standard teeth cleaning - you also need to periodically massage your gums. You can massage your gums using a special attachment on an electric toothbrush or a regular toothbrush.

How to save teeth when they are mobile

Tooth mobility is a fairly serious pathology, so in any case you need to make an appointment with a doctor to undergo the appropriate examination and prescribed course of treatment.

First of all, you need to stop touching the moving tooth with your tongue or hands - this will only worsen the situation.
The mouth should be rinsed with warm water, but you should not brush it with a toothbrush, so as not to damage the pieces of connective tissue that remain on the tooth, attaching it to the bone - then it will be quite possible to implant the tooth in its original place.
If a tooth falls out, you need to immediately go to see a dentist - after all, the ability to implant almost any tooth remains for some time.

Special dental braces also help eliminate tooth mobility. However, the success of their use is largely determined by the degree of atrophy of bone tissue and, of course, gums.

Splinting mobile teeth

Splinting is one of the methods of fixing mobile teeth to each other, which consists of tying them to teeth that are stationary on the jaw. Splinting is necessary to prevent further loosening of the teeth and strengthen them.

There are two types of splinting:

Removable. High-quality removable structures are installed on the teeth, which can be removed, cleaned and put back on. Removable splints are divided into several types and, depending on the indications, provide various options for fixing teeth.
Fixed. With this method of splinting, it is not possible to remove the splinting material at home; this can only be done by a dentist.

As for the splints themselves, they are intradental, coronal, inlay, cap, semi-ring and ring. And which one will be most suitable in each specific case, of course, is decided by the dentist.

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Thanks to the mobility of the teeth, the load is distributed evenly to each molar and incisor. If they fluctuate excessively, we can talk about the presence of pathology. It is necessary to understand what physiological mobility of teeth is acceptable, and what to do if their stability is impaired. This article will be devoted to this topic.

Physiological and pathological mobility

The natural movement of the dentition is invisible to the human eye. The fact that it exists will be indicated by the polished areas between adjacent incisors and molars. Teeth move when chewing. This reflex allows you to keep them in good condition. Its absence will lead to the destruction of tooth enamel and bone tissue.

The main cause of tooth mobility is periodontitis. It causes destruction of the jaw bones and ligaments. In parallel, there is an infectious lesion of periodontal tissue. Will need emergency treatment. If it is missing, you can lose all your teeth. If the inflammatory process is not started, after its elimination there is a high probability that the loosening of the dentition will stop.

The initial stages of the disease can be cured. If the socket and periodontium are preserved, it is prescribed long-term treatment. After this, the loosening of teeth stops. But first of all, the doctor must find out the cause of periodontitis. If it is not eliminated, treatment will not work positive result or worsen the patient's condition.

Periodontitis develops in the absence of the required amount of vitamins and minerals in the human body. Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, especially those with a severe course, contribute to the disease.
The disease often manifests itself against the background of vascular atherosclerosis and pathological blood diseases, due to a sudden change in lifestyle or place of residence, as well as on nervous grounds.
Periodontitis often occurs due to low or high periodontal load. There have been cases where the disease progressed due to the negligence of the doctor. Sometimes it is a consequence of excessive intake medicines or just a side effect.

Loose teeth occur due to poor oral hygiene. This, in turn, leads to various dental diseases and the inflammatory process. The result is loosening of the dentition. Increased mobility may occur at the site where one of the incisors or molars is removed. If the implant is not installed soon, bone loss will occur in this area. For this reason, neighboring teeth will begin to loosen.

Determination of tooth mobility is possible only in dental clinic. Therefore, when the first symptoms of periodontitis appear, do not delay a visit to the dentist. He will examine with instruments oral cavity, will pay attention to possible inflammation of the gums and determine the degree of tooth mobility.

Dentists divide pathological mobility into severity levels:

The tooth moves back and forth. The amplitude is small.
The amplitude of oscillation increases.
The teeth move in different directions, except for wobbling back and forth.
Circular movements appear.

Artificial dental mobility

Not every person is born with straight upper or lower teeth. Sometimes the bite and dentition require correction, so people turn to an orthodontist. Loosening of teeth in braces is normal, because the essence of orthodontic treatment is precisely the movement of teeth. Thanks to this, they take the correct position.

The duration of wearing the device will depend on the severity of the defect. Sometimes the procedure takes up to 2-3 years. After braces, the teeth may remain mobile for some time. Don't worry, your teeth will gradually stop loosening. To prevent them from moving, retainers are usually put on immediately to secure the result. Retention devices help to avoid a situation where teeth move apart again after braces.

Treatment of tooth mobility

Many people are interested in the question of how quickly loose teeth can be eliminated and by what methods. The treatment process is long. It depends on the severity of the disease. It can be said with certainty that when large quantity treatment of mobile teeth was started late. Their loss indicates the process of destruction. It is important to consult a dentist in time before losing the first incisor or molar.

Currently, the last stages of periodontal disease are treated surgically and with special medications. Splinting of teeth, which involves fixing them together, has proven itself well. It can be removable or non-removable. In the first case, the tire can be removed for cleaning, but in the second this is not possible. The doctor decides which option to use. This largely depends on the condition of the patient’s dentition.

Human teeth always have a slight physiological mobility, which helps to evenly distribute the load between them when chewing. But there are also cases when excessive mobility occurs: the teeth will move in all four directions. In the most severe cases, movement up and down and rotation around its axis can also be observed.

This dental pathology is a sign of the occurrence of certain dental problems that are in the final stages. This problem not only leads to chewing problems and appearance smiles, but also to complete loss of teeth.

Possible causes of mobility

Depending on the problem that led to the occurrence of the pathology, I distinguish two main types:

Pathological;
Physiological.

Physiological type of mobility

The presence of physiological tooth mobility arises as a result of the need to evenly distribute the load on the jaws when chewing.

But in this case, the movement of the teeth is so insignificant that it is impossible to notice it on your own - only through special research.

Evidence of the presence of physiological mobility is the presence of slight grinding on the contacting areas of the teeth.

Pathological mobility

With pathological mobility, you can notice a change in the position of the teeth even without any research. The reasons for this mobility are:

Problem classification

IN modern medicine To determine tooth mobility, there are several classifications that make it possible to assess its degree. But the most commonly used is the following:

I degree. Unstable position of individual teeth in relation to neighboring ones. In this case, the amplitude of movement does not exceed 1 mm.
II degree. The amplitude of tooth movement is slightly greater than 1 mm. In this case, there is movement of the teeth to the right and left and back and forth.
III degree. Teeth move in any direction, including vertical.
IV degree. In addition to signs of the third degree of mobility, rotation of the teeth around their axes is also added.

How does it treat?

Eliminating the problem of tooth mobility is a whole complex of measures, which is necessarily aimed first at treating the causes that are a consequence of the occurrence of this pathology.

The treatment itself must be selected individually for each case. One of the components of treatment is splinting. This is a way of bonding teeth to each other. This method comes in removable and non-removable types.

If removable splinting is used, a special structure is installed on the teeth, which, if necessary, can be removed for cleaning and put back on.

The non-removable type of splinting involves installing a special material on the jaw, which cannot be removed on your own.

For each specific case, one of several types of splints can be installed on the teeth:

Ring type tires- metal rings connected to each other. Able to provide reliable fixation of teeth by binding them to each other;
Half ring tires- differ from the previous type in that they are installed only on inner side teeth, as a result of which they are not noticeable from the outside. This ensures an aesthetic smile;
Cap type tires- several caps soldered together. They are put on the cutting inner surface and the inner side of the teeth;
Inlay tires- They are distinguished from the previous type by the presence of special protrusions for the recesses of the teeth. Thanks to this, the fixation of the tire is more reliable;
Crowned tires- installed only if the gums are in normal condition. This type of splint provides the most aesthetic appearance of teeth in comparison with other types;
Intradental splints - modern look splints that connect teeth to each other using a special type of implantable inserts.

Thus, tooth mobility is a serious pathology, which, however, can be corrected. But only a dentist can do this efficiently, taking into account the specifics of the disease.