School uniform - about what I'm interested in. From the history of school uniforms

Many people ask the question: “Who even came up with this form?” Really, who? Peter I, dressing the same students of the navigator school, established in 1701.

And at the Institute for Noble Maidens, created by Catherine II, on ordinary days, each age was assigned to wear its own color of dress: for pupils of 6-9 years old - brown (coffee), 9-12 years old - blue, 12-15 years old - gray and 15- 18 years old - white. The ceremonial dresses of the students were sewn from silk, and on ordinary days the girls wore dresses made of camlot, ordered specially from England. There is a legend that the empress herself invented the costumes of the students.

Actively engaged in the creation of forms for students in the XIX century. 1834 - a law was passed that approved the general system of all civil uniforms in the empire. This system included gymnasium and student uniforms. Style school uniform for boys changed along with the particular dress style in 1855, 1868, 1896 and 1913.

1896 - the regulation on the gymnasium uniform for girls was approved.

Until 1917, the school uniform (the uniform of gymnasium students) was a class sign, since only children of wealthy parents studied at the gymnasium. The uniform was worn not only in the gymnasium, but also on the street, at home, during celebrations and holidays. She was a point of pride. Boys were then supposed to wear military-style uniforms, and girls wore dark formal dresses with pleated knee-length skirts.

1918 - the gymnasium uniform of pre-revolutionary Russia was recognized as a bourgeois relic and abolished.

From the point of view of the "class struggle", the old uniform was considered a symbol of belonging to the upper classes (there was even a contemptuous nickname for a sentimental girl - "gymnasium student"). But this rejection of the form had another, more understandable, underlying reason - poverty. Pupils went to school in what their parents could provide them, and the state at that moment actively fought against devastation, class enemies and remnants of the past.

However, over time, when the era of experiments gave way to other realities, it was decided to return to the former image - to brown strict dresses, aprons, student jackets and turn-down collars.

Now “loose clothing” has become associated with bourgeois unbridledness, and it was decided to declare all the daring experimenters of the 1920s “pests” and “enemies of the people.”

1949 - it was decided to return to the former image: the boys were dressed in military tunics with a stand-up collar, the girls - a classic brown dress with collars and cuffs. Wearing a collar and cuffs was mandatory. In addition to this, girls could wear black or brown (casual) or white (ceremonial) bows. Bows of other colors were not allowed according to the rules.

1962 - The boys were dressed in gray woolen suits with a four-button closure.

1973 - A new uniform for boys is introduced. Blue suit in wool blend fabric, embellished with an emblem and aluminum buttons. The cut of the jackets resembled classic denim jackets (the so-called denim fashion was gaining momentum in the world) with epaulettes on the shoulders and chest pockets with brace-shaped flaps. On the side of the sleeve was sewn an emblem made of soft plastic with a drawn open textbook and the rising sun - a symbol of enlightenment. For high school boys, the jacket was replaced with a trouser suit. The fabric color was still blue. Also blue was the emblem on the sleeve. On this emblem, in addition to the sun and an open book, there was a stylized image of an atom.

In 1984, a blue three-piece suit was introduced for girls, consisting of an A-line skirt with pleats at the front, a jacket with patch pockets and a waistcoat. The skirt could be worn either with a jacket, or with a vest, or the whole suit at once. In 1988, Leningrad, regions of Siberia and the Far North were allowed to wear blue trousers in winter.

1988 - Some schools were allowed to waive compulsory school uniforms as an experiment.

1992 - abolition of school uniforms in schools Russian Federation. Since 1999, individual subjects of the Russian Federation have been adopting local regulations on the introduction of compulsory school uniforms.

The largest European country in which there is a school uniform is Great Britain. In many of its former colonies, the form was not abolished after independence, for example, in India, Ireland, Australia, Singapore and South Africa. England is a country of conservatives, the school uniform there is always close to the classic style of clothing. For a long time, it included outerwear, shoes, and even socks. Each prestigious school has its own logo, so students are required to come to class with a “branded” tie. Schoolchildren love to wear uniforms, most of them are proud of them.

In France, a single school uniform existed in 1927-1968.

There is no uniform school uniform in Germany, although there is debate about its introduction.

In the US and Canada, there are school uniforms in many private schools. There is no uniform uniform in public schools, although some schools have introduced rules for wearing clothes (dress code). In the United States, each school decides for itself what kind of clothes students are allowed to wear. As a rule, tops that open the stomach, as well as low-sitting trousers, are prohibited in schools. Jeans, wide trousers with many pockets, t-shirts with graphics - this is what students of American schools prefer. However, it is not uncommon in the United States for schoolchildren dressed in baggy clothes to bring firearms into the classroom. A strict school uniform with a tight-fitting silhouette would not have made it possible to discreetly hide the gun.

In Cuba, uniforms are required for all students.

For most middle and high schools in Japan, a school uniform is considered mandatory. Each school has its own, but in reality there are not so many options. Usually this White shirt and dark jacket and trousers for boys and a white shirt and dark jacket and skirt for girls, or "sailor fuku" - "sailor suit". A large bag or briefcase is usually also given to the form. Pupils primary school, as a rule, dress in ordinary children's clothes. In Japan, they released jackets for students equipped with a built-in GPS satellite navigation system. It allows parents to track the location of their children through their personal computers. The system has an important addition: if a child is threatened by someone or something, he can send an alarm to the security service by simply pressing a button.

Curiously, in the United States, an attempt to improve the safety of schoolchildren with the help of electronics failed.

The school uniform in Russia has a very rich history.

The school uniform came to Russia from England in 1834 and at the same time a law was passed that approved the general system of all civil uniforms in the empire. This system included gymnasium and student uniforms. And in 1896, a provision appeared on the gymnasium uniform for girls. Pupils of the famous Smolny Institute (the Institute for Noble Maidens, as it was called), were prescribed to wear dresses of certain colors, depending on the age of the pupils. For pupils 6 - 9 years old - brown or coffee, 9 - 12 years old - blue, 12 - 15 years old - gray and 15 - 18 years old - white.

Until 1917, the uniform of high school students was the privileged clothing, because. studied in gymnasiums children are not poor.
This uniform was a source of pride and was worn not only within the walls of the educational institution, but also on the street, at home, and also during celebrations. In 1836, even a set of rules regarding color and style appeared. Boys wore military-style uniforms, and girls were supposed to have dark formal dresses with pleated knee-length skirts.

However, after the revolution, in 1918, a decree was issued abolishing the wearing of school uniforms, as a relic of the bourgeois past, but in fact because of the poverty of the population,
since in the early years of the existence of the Soviet state, wearing a school uniform was an unaffordable luxury in a country devastated by World War I, revolution and civil war.

Again, the school uniform appears only in 1948, in 1949 a single school uniform was introduced in the USSR, and in all respects it resembled the bourgeois one.

For girls, these are dark brown woolen dresses and black aprons; on holidays, aprons were replaced with white ones. On dresses in the form of decoration, white collars and cuffs were supposed.
And the boys' uniform consisted of gray military tunics and trousers.

In addition to this, girls could wear black or brown (casual) or white (ceremonial) bows. Bows of other colors were not allowed according to the rules. In general, the school uniform for girls of the Stalin era was similar to the school uniform of Tsarist Russia.

The strict morals of the Stalin era extended, of course, to school life. The most insignificant experiments with the length or other parameters of the school uniform were severely punished by the administration of the educational institution.

Even the hairstyle had to meet the requirements of puritan morality - "model haircuts" were strictly prohibited until the end of the 50s. Girls always wore braids with bows.

The style of the Soviet school uniform was modernized in 1962, and has changed every decade since then. There were also some differences in different Soviet republics. Boys usually wore blue trousers and jackets, girls wore brown dresses with black aprons and bows (on special occasions they wore white aprons and bows).

In 1970, in the charter of a secondary educational school, a school uniform existed as mandatory.
The "warming" of the regime did not immediately affect the democratization of school uniforms, however, it did happen.
The cut of the uniform became more identical to the fashion trends that took place in the 1960s. True, only the boys were lucky. For boys, since the mid-1970s, gray wool trousers and jackets have been replaced with blue wool blend trousers and jackets. The cut of the jackets resembled classic denim jackets (the so-called “denim fashion” was gaining momentum in the world).
On the side of the sleeve was sewn an emblem of soft plastic with a drawn open textbook and a rising sun.

In the early 1980s, a uniform for high school students was introduced. (This uniform began to be worn from the eighth grade). Girls from first to seventh grade wore a brown dress, as in the previous period. Only it became slightly above the knees.


For boys, trousers and a jacket were replaced with a trouser suit. The fabric color was still blue. Also blue was the emblem on the sleeve.

Very often the emblem was cut off, as it did not look very aesthetically pleasing, especially after some time - the paint on the plastic began to wear off.

In 1984, a new uniform for high school girls appeared, it was a blue three-piece suit, which consisted of an A-line skirt with pleats in front, a jacket with patch pockets and a vest. You can combine these things in several variations. Soviet high school girls proudly wore blouses with this "miracle" costume, but it was already a breakthrough and the first attempts to look more fashionable.
The boys' blue trousers and jacket were transformed into a suit of the same color.

And in some union republics, the style of the school uniform was slightly different, as well as the color. So, in Ukraine, the school uniform was brown, although blue was not forbidden.
It was this uniform for girls that contributed to the fact that they began to realize their attractiveness early. A pleated skirt, a vest and, most importantly, blouses with which one could experiment, turned almost any schoolgirl into a “young lady”.

A mandatory addition to the school uniform, depending on the age of the student, was the October badge (in the elementary grades), pioneer (in the middle grades) or Komsomol (in the senior grades) badges.

Pioneers were also required to wear a pioneer tie.

Gradually, by 1990, the school uniform underwent changes and became a little more free, and in 1992, by decision of the Government of Russia, the school uniform was completely abolished with the introduction of a new Law on Education.
Today, the issue of wearing school uniforms is decided at the level of educational institutions, leaders and parents, and there is also no single standard for school uniforms.

SCHOOL UNITS OF DIFFERENT PEOPLES OF THE WORLD

The school uniform in other countries differs from ours: somewhere it is more conservative, and somewhere it is very fashionable and unusual.
In most European countries, as well as in Russia, there is no single form, but everything is limited to a fairly strict style.

In the United Kingdom GREAT BRITAIN school uniform has been introduced for a long time in almost all schools, it is as conservative as possible and close to the classical style of clothing. Each prestigious school has its own logo, so students are required to come to class with a “branded” tie.

In some institutions with a long history and a big name, there are strict regulations.

For example, only one manufacturer's form is allowed.
Blouses must be buttoned. Trousers at the waist.
A shirt must be accompanied by a tie. No headwear.
The belt can only be black or brown leather.
Boys cannot wear earrings and so on.

In France a unified school uniform existed from 1927 to 1968, and in Poland until 1988.

IN BELGIUM only some Catholic schools have school uniforms, as well as private schools founded by the British. Typical attire is navy blue trousers and skirts, a white or light blue shirt, and a tie.

Pupils in ITALY.

IN AUSTRALIA

IN GERMANY there is no uniform school uniform, although there is debate about its introduction. Some schools have introduced uniform school clothing that is not a uniform, as students can participate in its development.

Tellingly, even during the Third Reich, schoolchildren did not have a single uniform - they came to classes in everyday clothes, in the form of the Hitler Youth (or other children's public organizations).

IN CHINA

In Cuba The uniform is obligatory for all pupils of schools and higher educational institutions.

In USA and CANADA there is a school uniform in many private schools.

There is no uniform uniform in public schools, although each school decides for itself what kind of things students are allowed to wear. As a rule, tops that open the stomach, as well as low-sitting trousers, are prohibited in schools. Jeans, wide trousers with many pockets, t-shirts with graphics - this is what students of American schools prefer.

NORTH KOREA- a communist island.

Schoolchildren of UZBEKISTAN

For most middle and high schools JAPAN school uniform is compulsory.

Each school has its own, but in reality there are not so many options.

Usually it is a white shirt, dark jacket and trousers for boys, and a white shirt, dark jacket and skirt for girls, or sailor fuku - "sailor suit".

An even larger bag or briefcase is usually given to the form. Primary school students, as a rule, dress in ordinary children's clothes.

The school uniform - black jackets for boys and sailors for girls - is a copy of the British naval uniform of the early 19th century.

In many countries of the world, the question of school uniforms, as in Russia, remains open. Of course, the school uniform instills in students a sense of belonging to one large team, one team.
And yet the school uniform has both supporters and opponents.

ARGUMENTS FOR
The school uniform, like any form, disciplines, leads to cohesion, contributes to the development in students of a sense of community, collectivism, a common cause and the presence of common goals.
The uniform eliminates (or at least limits) the possibility of competition between students (and their parents) in clothing, significantly reduces the visual difference between students from families of different material incomes, preventing stratification according to the “rich/poor” principle.
A single uniform standard, if adopted at the state level, ensures that schoolchildren's clothing will meet sanitary and hygienic requirements and will not adversely affect their health.
If a single uniform exists, its production can be subsidized in a targeted manner, keeping prices low and removing some of the burden of educating children from poor families.

ARGUMENTS AGAINST
Form is an element of egalitarian education and training.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child states that every child has the right to express their individuality as they please. School uniform limits the freedom of expression, is a means of deindividualization of school students.
The requirement to wear a uniform is in itself a form of violence against a person, the requirement of strict observance of a uniform can, if desired, be arbitrarily interpreted by school workers and used for groundless persecution of objectionable students.
Uniforms may be too expensive for poor families.
The form proposed on the basis of affordability may not suit the quality of families with a sufficient level of income.

Modern teenage schoolchildren, for the most part, strongly oppose school uniforms. Parents and teachers, on the contrary, advocate the introduction of this element, hoping that the school uniform:

1. Discipline students (business style obliges students to be strict and collected).
2. Smoothes out social differences between students.
3. Helps keep distance between students and teacher.
4. Allows you to track "strangers" in the school.
5. Don't let teenagers dress provocatively.

I personally wore a uniform almost until graduation. Of course it evokes nostalgia. Aprons, bows and lace collars were the decoration of the girlish uniform.

Here it was possible to give vent to fantasy.

Happy Knowledge Day to all students, their parents and teachers!

Do you remember dark brown cloth dresses, wool blend trousers, ties and white bows to match the apron on holidays? Or are you a little younger than we think and only remember your principal's attempts to enforce a dress code at your own school? Or maybe you have never encountered any kind of uniform at all and think that trying to make different people look exactly the same infringes on the rights?

In fact, the school uniform throughout world history had two purposes: it either raised the students of elite schools above "mere mortals" and, in such cases, was made from exquisite expensive materials, or it was introduced at the state level, served as a "leveling" and was sewn from cheap cloth.

Prototypes of school uniforms appeared long before this phenomenon overtook Russia. In the schools of scribes in the cities of Mesopotamia, in the first Pythagorean school in Greece, in the schools of ancient India, students had to appear at classes in special clothes, different from everyday ones.


Sumerian school of scribes (Mesopotamia, III millennium BC)

students of the Pythagorean school

The uniform for European schoolchildren first appeared in 1522 in England. At Christ's Hospital, students were introduced to a navy blue jacket with ankle-length tails, a waistcoat, a leather belt, and trousers just below the knee. Approximately in this form, the form has been preserved to this day, the only difference is that today the students of Christ's Hospital are no longer orphans, but the future economic and cultural elite of Great Britain.

The first English school uniform of Christ's Hospital

In Russia, since the first mention of organized education, there has been no talk of any form at all. The first evidence of the appearance of a school uniform dates back to 1834. Then Nicholas I issued a decree approving a separate type of civilian uniforms. These included gymnasium and student uniforms.



A sample of a school uniform approved by Nicholas I

The uniform was worn everywhere and everywhere: at school, on the street, during the holidays. She was a source of pride and distinguished high school students from other teenagers. The uniform was of military style: invariably caps, tunics and overcoats, which differed only in color, piping, buttons and emblems.

The first girl's school uniform appeared in 1764 at the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens, founded by Empress Catherine II.

Graduate of the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens

Students of the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens

Over the next hundred years, the Russian Empire was filled with all sorts of schools and gymnasiums for girls, but each educational institution sought to distinguish its pupils and introduced its own uniform.

Gymnasium girls in Russia of the 18th century

Gymnasium students in Russia XIX century

After the revolution of 1917, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decided that all the attributes of education in pre-revolutionary Russia were a relic of the bourgeois past, introduced a decree "On a unified labor school" and abolished the division of schools into colleges and gymnasiums. Together with the gradation of schools, the bourgeois school uniform has sunk into the past, and since the money for sewing a new one for everyone public institutions there was no education in power, parents began to dress their children themselves - whoever is in what much.

School graduates in 1917

Students after the 1917 revolution

Since 1949, seven-year education has become compulsory, and with it, a common school uniform has appeared. The boys wore gray-blue tunics with a lacquered black belt, trousers in the color of the tunics and caps. Girls dressed in dark brown dresses and aprons: on ordinary days - black, on holidays - white. Braids became obligatory, and bows had to be selected to match the color of the apron.

School in the 1950s

Schoolgirl in 1956

Schoolchildren in the 1950s

Dress school uniform 1950s

Schoolchildren of the 1950s through the lens of French scientist Jacques Dupaquier

Schoolchildren in the 1950s

In connection with the demilitarization in 1962, the boys' tunics gave way to jackets. But for girls, almost nothing has changed.

It is possible that someone did not like the general demilitarized form

Wool blend gray school suit

Pioneer uniforms from the 1970s

After the collapse Soviet Union the general school uniform has sunk into oblivion. Since 1992, schools have been free to introduce uniforms for their students. All that is required for this is to fix the provision on the dress code in the local regulatory act of the educational institution.

The history of school uniforms in Russia dates back to 1834, it was then that a law was passed that approved the general system of all civil uniforms of the empire. This system included gymnasium and student uniforms.

In 1896 entered „ Regulations on the gymnasium uniform for girls”.
Girls studying at the gymnasium were required to wear dark formal dresses with pleated knee-length skirts. A high school student's costume distinguished a teenager from those children who did not study, or could not afford to study.

The uniform of the gymnasium students was a class sign, because only the children of the nobility, the intelligentsia and large industrialists studied in the gymnasiums. The uniform was worn not only in the gymnasium, but also on the street, at home, during celebrations and holidays. She was a point of pride.

Everything changed with the advent of Bolshevik power: a single school appeared, lyceums and real schools disappeared, and with them the form of students.

In 1918 Decree " About a unified school... "abolished the uniform of students, recognizing it as a legacy of the tsarist-police regime.
But this rejection of the form had another, more understandable, background - poverty. Pupils went to school in what their parents could provide them, and the state at that moment actively fought against devastation, class enemies and remnants of the past.

However, over time, when the era of experiments gave way to other realities, it was decided to return to the former image - to brown strict dresses, aprons, student jackets and turn-down collars.

In 1949 In the USSR, a single school uniform was introduced. Now already " free form clothing”became associated with bourgeois unbridledness.

The boys were dressed in gray paramilitary tunics, and the girls were dressed in dark brown woolen dresses with a black apron (white on holidays). An element of the school uniform was also a belt with a buckle and a cap with a visor, which the children wore on the street. At the same time, symbolism became an attribute of young students: the pioneers had a red tie, the Komsomol members and the Octobrists had a badge on their chests.

In 1962 The boys were dressed in gray woolen four-button suits, while the girls' uniform remained the same.

In 1973 year there was a new reform of school uniforms. There was a new uniform for boys: it was a blue wool blend suit, decorated with an emblem and five aluminum buttons, cuffs and the same two pockets with flaps on the chest.

The "warming" of the regime did not immediately affect the democratization of school uniforms, however, it did happen.

The cut of the uniform became more similar to the fashion trends that took place in the 1960s. True, only the boys were lucky. Since the mid-1970s, their gray woolen trousers and jackets have been replaced with blue wool blend uniforms. The cut of the jackets was reminiscent of classic denim jackets ( in the world, the so-called"denim fashion").
On the side of the sleeve was sewn an emblem of soft plastic with a drawn open textbook and a rising sun.

1980s: Rebuilding in action
In the early 1980s, a uniform for high school students was introduced. ( This uniform began to be worn from the eighth grade.). Girls from first to seventh grade wore a brown dress, as in the previous period. Only it became slightly above the knees.

For boys, trousers and a jacket were replaced with a trouser suit. The fabric color was still blue. Also blue was the emblem on the sleeve:

Very often the emblem was cut off, as it did not look very aesthetically pleasing, especially after some time - the paint on the plastic began to wear off.

For girls in 1984 A blue three-piece suit was introduced, consisting of an A-line skirt with pleats at the front, a jacket with patch pockets and a vest. The skirt could be worn either with a jacket, or with a vest, or the whole suit at once.

In 1988 year for Leningrad, regions of Siberia and the Far North, blue trousers were allowed to be worn in winter. In some union republics, the style of the school uniform was slightly different, as well as the color. So, in Ukraine, the school uniform was brown, although blue was not forbidden. It was this uniform for girls that contributed to the fact that they began to realize their attractiveness early.

A pleated skirt, a vest and, most importantly, blouses with which one could experiment, turned almost any schoolgirl into a “young lady”.

In 1985-1987 high school students could change their dress and apron for a blue skirt, shirt, vest and jacket. But already in 1988, some schools, as an experiment, were allowed to abandon the mandatory wearing of school uniforms.

In 1992 the school uniform was canceled in the schools of the Russian Federation as a sign that the country has completely won democracy. The ban has been lifted, you can walk in anything, as long as the clothes are clean and tidy.

However, it turned out that this approach also has its drawbacks. Adolescents spend most of their time within the walls of the school, and they do not care what they wear in front of their classmates. Parents have a new headache, the demands of children to buy a new outfit have increased, and not just any, but in accordance with fashion trends.

Again, going to school all week in the same outfit has become indecent. So the financial costs of the school have increased rather than decreased. When dressing up for school, children are not always guided by a sense of proportion, they dress “in whatever they like”, which sometimes, to put it mildly, does not look very aesthetically pleasing.

BUT since 1999 the reverse trend has been established: the school uniform is being introduced again, only today this concept means the business style of clothing for students - elegant, comfortable, practical. Today, the issue of wearing a school uniform is decided at the level of educational institutions, leaders and parents.

1. The social significance of school uniforms
Social value is one of important values in wearing a school uniform, since it is she who solves one of the most pressing problems of schoolchildren today - social inequality and strife in the children's environment, which young people show in demonstrating their expensive outfits.

The form, in this case, levels out the difference in the financial situation of the families of students, thus blurring the line between the layers of society and, as a result, helps in the assimilation of educational material, since students do not have the desire and ability to cause a feeling of inferiority and a complex in their colleagues for study by defiling newfangled things and jewelry.

2. The disciplinary value of school uniforms
Proponents of a return to school uniforms appeal to the fact that the form, like nothing else, helps students to tune in to the work process, in its essence it makes students distinguish between work and leisure. The form conveys the idea of ​​status, and by understanding its meaning, it successfully transforms the erratic student into a disciplined student.

The school uniform is a symbol of reliability, brings up discipline through a special kind, training of the body and mind: it, in the best possible way, contributes to the formation of the mind and body - this is training, the school of controlling one's individual strength. School uniform complements intellectual and physical education with disciplinary provisions such as leadership, status and certain bonds, promotes respect for clothing, and is an important tool for the social identification of students, it not only distinguishes a student from a non-student, but also creates the necessary distance between students and teachers.

3. Aesthetic value of the school uniform
The aesthetics of clothing, like nothing else, constructs the surrounding world of a person - it indicates what corresponds to it: his discipline, attention to people around him, the ability to see and create beauty, his main activity, his culture and value orientations - it reflects our consciousness, being a mirror human content.

The aesthetic value of the school uniform is appearance a student who is positively perceived by the student himself and the people around him. A strict suit on a student not only encourages him to comply with aesthetic norms and rules, but also, as a result, develops in him a sense of proportion and instills taste. A teenager in school uniform will often always look nice and neat.

4. The image value of the school uniform
As you know, a person is evaluated according to various parameters, including the style of clothing. The school uniform in this case acts not only as a reflection of the reality of a person, but also as general characteristics and the emblem of the educational institution, which has its respectful attitude, high level of education, traditions and status.

A student in the form of such an educational institution not only emphasizes the individuality of the school (its merits and strengths), which will certainly contribute to its prosperity and development, but also indicates his belonging to it, thereby having a positive emotional impact on the people around him, as within the walls of an educational institution, and beyond them, since the presence of a form at the present time is an indicator of a high corporate culture.

Extract from Federal Law No. 273-FZ of December 29, 2012 "On Education in the Russian Federation", which comes into force on September 1, 2013

Article 28. Competence, rights, duties and responsibilities of the educational organization:

item 18:establishing requirements for students' clothing, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law or the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

And in Bryansk, a fashion show was staged for the deputies:

School uniforms in Russia have a rich history. Back in 1834, a law was passed that approved the general system of all civilian uniforms in the empire. This system included gymnasium and student uniforms. And in 1896, a provision appeared on the gymnasium uniform for girls. Pupils of the famous Smolny Institute were ordered to wear dresses of certain colors, depending on the age of the pupils. For pupils of 6 - 9 years old - brown (coffee), 9 - 12 years old - blue, 12 - 15 years old - gray and 15 - 18 years old - white.

Until 1917, the form was a class sign, because. only the children of wealthy parents could afford to go to the gymnasium. The uniform was worn not only within the walls of the educational institution, but also on the street, at home, during celebrations. The boys wore uniforms of military style, and the girls were supposed to have dark formal dresses with pleated knee-length skirts.

However, soon after the revolution, as part of the struggle against bourgeois remnants and the legacy of the tsarist-police regime, a decree was issued in 1918 abolishing the wearing of a school uniform. Undoubtedly, in the early years of the existence of the Soviet state, wearing a school uniform was an unaffordable luxury in a country devastated by world war, revolution and civil war.

The school uniform becomes mandatory again only after the Great Patriotic War in 1949, a single school uniform is introduced in the USSR. From now on, boys were required to wear military tunics with a stand-up collar, and girls - brown woolen dresses with a black apron.

Dresses were modestly embellished with lace collars and cuffs. Wearing a collar and cuffs was mandatory. In addition to this, girls could wear black or brown (casual) or white (ceremonial) bows. Bows of other colors were not allowed according to the rules. It is worth noting that, in general, the school uniform for girls of the Stalin era was similar to the school uniform of Tsarist Russia.

The strict morals of the Stalin era extended, of course, to school life. The most insignificant experiments with the length or other parameters of the school uniform were severely punished by the administration of the educational institution.

Even the hairstyle had to meet the requirements of puritan morality - "model haircuts" were strictly prohibited until the end of the 50s, not to mention hair coloring. Girls always wore braids with bows.

The school uniform of the era of I.V. Stalin can be seen in the films "First Grader", "Alyosha Ptitsyn develops character" and "Vasek Trubachev and his comrades"

In addition, after the war, separate education was introduced, which, however, was abandoned a few years later.

The "warming" of the regime did not immediately affect the democratization of school uniforms, however, it did happen.
The cut of the uniform became more identical to the fashion trends that took place in the 1960s. True, only the boys were lucky. For boys, since the mid-1970s, gray wool trousers and jackets have been replaced with blue wool blend trousers and jackets. The cut of the jackets resembled classic denim jackets (the so-called “denim fashion” was gaining momentum in the world).
On the side of the sleeve was sewn an emblem of soft plastic with a drawn open textbook and a rising sun.

We can see schoolchildren of the late 1960s in the cult film We'll Live Till Monday.

In the early 1980s, a uniform for high school students was introduced. (This uniform began to be worn from the eighth grade). Girls from first to seventh grade wore a brown dress, as in the previous period. Only it became slightly above the knees.

For boys, trousers and a jacket were replaced with a trouser suit. The fabric color was still blue. Also blue was the emblem on the sleeve.

For girls, a blue three-piece suit was introduced in 1984, consisting of an A-line skirt with pleats at the front, a jacket with patch pockets and a vest. The skirt could be worn either with a jacket, or with a vest, or the whole suit at once. In 1988, Leningrad, regions of Siberia and the Far North were allowed to wear blue trousers in winter.

In some union republics, the style of the school uniform was slightly different, as well as the color. So, in Ukraine, the school uniform was brown, although blue was not forbidden.
It was this uniform for girls that contributed to the fact that they began to realize their attractiveness early. A pleated skirt, a vest and, most importantly, blouses with which one could experiment, turned almost any schoolgirl into a “young lady”.

A mandatory addition to the school uniform, depending on the age of the student, was the October badge (in the elementary grades), pioneer (in the middle grades) or Komsomol (in the senior grades) badges. Pioneers were also required to wear a pioneer tie.
In addition to the regular pioneer badge, there was a special variant for pioneers active in community service. It was slightly larger than usual and had the inscription "For active work" on it.

The school uniform of the 1980s can be seen, for example, in the films "Guest from the Future" and "The Adventures of Electronics"

The school uniform was abolished only in 1992 by the decision of the Government of Russia, with the introduction of a new Law on Education.

Today, the issue of wearing a school uniform is decided at the level of educational institutions, leaders and parents. There are no official documents, orders, instructions regarding the obligatory nature of the school uniform.

However, more and more educational institutions are turning to past experience and introducing school uniforms as a mandatory attribute of school life.

In Cuba, uniforms are compulsory for all students in schools and institutions of higher education.

In the UK, the school uniform is as conservative as possible and close to the classic style of clothing. Each prestigious school has its own logo, so students are required to come to class with a “branded” tie.

In France, a single school uniform existed from 1927 to 1968. In Poland, until 1988.

There is no uniform school uniform in Germany, although there is debate about its introduction. In some schools, students may be involved in the design of school clothing. Tellingly, even during the Third Reich, schoolchildren did not have a single uniform.

In the United States, each school decides for itself what kind of clothes students are allowed to wear. As a rule, tops that open the stomach, as well as low-sitting trousers, are prohibited in schools. Jeans, wide trousers with many pockets, t-shirts with graphics - this is what students of American schools prefer.

In most European countries, there is also no single form, everything is limited to a fairly strict style. In many countries of the world, the question of school uniform, like ours, remains open.

The school uniform has opponents and supporters. Today's teenage schoolchildren, for the most part, strongly oppose it. Parents and teachers, on the contrary, advocate the introduction of this element, hoping that the school uniform:

disciplines students (business style obliges students to be strict and collected) smooths out social differences between students, helps to keep a distance between students and the teacher. allows you to track the "strangers" in the school does not allow teenagers to dress provocatively.