Tree of Rurik and Romanovs. Rurik dynasty scheme with dates

The Rurikovichs were for sure, but was there Rurik ... Most likely he was, but his personality still raises many more questions than answers.

The Tale of Bygone Years tells about the calling of Rurik by the Eastern Slavs. It was according to the "Tale" in 862 (although the chronology in Russia in those years was different, and the year actually was not 862). Some researchers. and this can be seen in particular from the diagram below, Rurik is called the ancestor of the dynasty, but its foundation is considered only from his son Igor. Probably, during his lifetime, Rurik did not have time to realize himself as the founder of the dynasty, because he was busy with other things. But the descendants, on reflection, decided to call themselves a dynasty.

Three main hypotheses have been formed regarding the origin of .

• The first - the Norman theory - claims that Rurik with his brothers and squad were from the Vikings. At the time, as proven by research, the name Rurik really existed among the Scandinavian peoples (meaning "illustrious and noble husband"). True, here with a specific candidate, information about which is available in other historical stories or documents, problems. There is no unequivocal identification with anyone: for example, the noble Danish Viking of the 9th century, Rorik of Jutland, or a certain Eirik Emundarson from Sweden, who raided the Baltic lands, is described.
• The second, Slavic version, where Rurik is shown as a representative of the princely family of obodrites from the West Slavic lands. There is evidence that one of the Slavic tribes living on the territory of historical Prussia was then called the Varangians. Rurik, on the other hand, is a variant of the West Slavic "Rerek, Rarog" - the name is not personal, but the name of the Obodrite princely family, denoting "falcon". Supporters of this version believe that the coat of arms of the Rurikovich was just a symbolized image of a falcon.
• The third theory believes that Rurik did not really exist at all - the founder of the Rurik dynasty emerged during the struggle for power from the local Slavic population, and two hundred years later, his descendants, in order to ennoble their origin, ordered the author of The Tale of Bygone Years a propaganda story about the Varangian Rurik.

The princely dynasty of Rurikovich over the years was split into many branches. Few European dynasties can compare with her in branching and numerous offspring. But such was the very policy of this ruling group, they did not set the task of sitting firmly in the capital, on the contrary, they sent their offspring to all corners of the country.

The branching of the Rurikoviches begins in the generation of Prince Vladimir (some call him Saint, and some call him Bloody), and the line of the Polotsk princes, descendants of Izyaslav Vladimirovich, is separated first of all.

Very briefly about some of the Ruriks

After the death of Rurik, power passed to Saint Oleg, who became the guardian of the young son of Rurik - Igor. Prophetic Oleg united the Russian disparate principalities into one state. He glorified himself with intelligence and militancy, with a large army he went down the Dnieper, took Smolensk, Lyubech, Kyiv and made the latter his capital city. Askold and Dir were killed, and Oleg showed little Igor to the glades:

"Here is the son of Rurik - your prince."

As you know, according to legend, he died from a snake bite.

Further Igor grew up and became the Grand Duke of Kyiv. He contributed to the strengthening of statehood among the Eastern Slavs, the expansion of the power of the Kyiv prince to the East Slavic tribal associations between the Dniester and the Danube. But in the end he turned out to be a greedy ruler, for which he was killed by the Drevlyans.

Olga, Igor's wife, cruelly avenged the Drevlyans for the death of her husband and subjugated them main city Korosten. She was distinguished by a rare mind and great abilities. In her declining years, she adopted Christianity and was later canonized as a saint.

One of the most famous princesses in Russia.

Svyatoslav. Known as one of the most prominent commanders from the Rurik dynasty, for the most part, he did not sit still, but was on military campaigns. his son Yaropolk blamed for the death of his brother Oleg, who tried to claim the throne of Kyiv.

But Yaropolk was also killed, and again by his brother, Vladimir.

the same Vladimir that Russia baptized. The Kyiv Grand Duke Vladimir Svyatoslavovich was at first a fanatical pagan, he is also credited with such traits as vindictiveness and bloodthirstiness. At least he did not spare his brother and got rid of him in order to take the princely throne in Kyiv.

His son Yaroslav Vladimirovich, to whom history added the nickname “Wise”, was a really wise and diplomatic ruler of the Old Russian state. The time of his reign is not only internecine feudal wars between close relatives, but also attempts to bring Kievan Rus to the world political arena, attempts to overcome feudal fragmentation, and the construction of new cities. The reign of Yaroslav the Wise is the development of Slavic culture, a kind of golden period of the Old Russian state.

Izyaslav - I- the eldest son of Yaroslav, after the death of his father, took the throne of Kyiv, but after an unsuccessful campaign against the Polovtsy, he was driven out by the people of Kiev, and his brother became the Grand Duke Svyatoslav. After the death of the latter, Izyaslav returned to Kyiv again.

Vsevolod - I could be a useful ruler and a worthy representative of the Ruriks, but it did not work out. This prince was pious, truthful, very fond of education and knew five languages, but the raids of the Polovtsians, famine, pestilence and troubles in the country did not favor his principality. He stayed on the throne only thanks to his son Vladimir, nicknamed Monomakh.

Svyatopolk - II- the son of Izyaslav-I, who inherited the throne of Kyiv after Vsevolod-I, was characterized by spinelessness and was not able to pacify the civil strife of the princes for the possession of cities. At the congress in Lyubich, Pereslavl in 1097, the princes kissed the cross "to each own his father's land", but soon Prince David Igorevich blinded Prince Vasilko.

The princes gathered again for a congress in Vyatichenia in 1100, and deprived David of Volhynia; at the suggestion of Vladimir Monomakh, they decided at the Dolobsky congress, in 1103, to undertake a joint campaign against the Polovtsians, the Russians defeated the Polovtsians on the Sala River (in 1111) and took a multitude of people: Cattle, sheep, horses, etc. Some of the Polovtsian princes killed up to 20 people . The fame of this victory spread far among the Greeks, Hungarians and other Slavs.

Vladimir Monomakh. A well-known representative of the Rurik dynasty. Despite the seniority of the Svyatopolk II, after the death of Svyatopolk II, Vladimir Monomakh was elected to the throne of Kiev, who, according to the chronicle, "wished well the brethren and the whole Russian land." He stood out for his great abilities, rare intelligence, courage and tirelessness. He was happy in campaigns against the Polovtsians. He humbled the princes with his severity. Remarkably left by him is the “teaching to children”, in which he gives a purely Christian moral teaching and a high example of the service of the prince to his homeland.

Mstislav - I. Resembling his father Monomakh, the son of Monomakh, Mstislav I, lived in harmony with his brothers in mind and character, inspiring respect and fear in recalcitrant princes. So, he expelled the Polovtsian princes who disobeyed him to Greece, and instead of them in the city of Polotsk he planted his son to rule.

Yaropolk, brother of Mstislav, Yaropolk, the son of Monomakh, decided to transfer the inheritance not to his brother Vyacheslav, but to his nephew. Thanks to the strife that arose from here, the “Monomakhovichi” lost the Kyiv throne, which passed to the descendants of Oleg Svyatoslavovich - the “Olegovichi”.

Vsevolod - II. Having achieved the great reign, Vsevolod wanted to secure the throne of Kyiv in his own way and handed it over to his brother Igor Olegovich. But not recognized by the people of Kiev and tonsured a monk, Igor was soon killed.

Izyaslav - II. The people of Kiev recognized Izyaslav II Mstislavovich, who, with his intelligence, brilliant talents, courage and friendliness, vividly resembled his famous grandfather Monomakh. With the accession to the throne of Izyaslav-II, the concept of seniority, which was rooted in ancient Russia, was violated: In one way, a nephew during the life of his uncle could not be a Grand Duke.

Yury Dolgoruky". Prince of Suzdal from 1125, Grand Duke of Kyiv in 1149-1151, 1155-1157, founder of Moscow. Yuri was the sixth son of Prince Vladimir Monomakh. After the death of his father, he inherited the Rostov-Suzdal Principality and immediately began to strengthen the borders of his inheritance, building fortresses on them. So, for example, during his reign, the fortress of Xiantin, as modern Tver was called before, arose. By his order, the cities were founded: Dubna, Yuryev-Polsky, Dmitrov, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Zvenigorod, Gorodets. The first annalistic mention of Moscow dated 1147 is also associated with the name of Yuri Dolgoruky.
The life of this prince is unusual and interesting. The younger son of Vladimir Monomakh could not claim more than a specific principality. As an inheritance, he received the Rostov Principality, which became prosperous under Yuri. Many settlements arose here. The indefatigable son of Monomakh received his nickname "Long-armed" for his ambitions, for constantly interfering in other people's affairs and for the constant desire to seize foreign lands.
Owning the Rostov-Suzdal land, Yuri always sought to expand the territory of his principality and often raided neighboring lands owned by his relatives. Most of all, he dreamed of taking possession of Kyiv. In 1125, Yuri moved the capital of the principality from Rostov to Suzdal, from where he made campaigns to the south, reinforcing his squad with mercenary Polovtsian detachments. He annexed the cities of Murom, Ryazan, part of the lands along the banks of the Volga to the Rostov principality.
The Suzdal prince occupied Kyiv three times, but he never managed to stay there for a long time. The struggle for a great reign with his nephew Izyaslav Mstislavich was long. Three times Yuri entered Kyiv as the Grand Duke, but only the third time he remained so until the end of his days. The people of Kiev did not like Prince Yuri. This was due to the fact that Yuri had resorted to the help of the Polovtsy more than once and was almost always a troublemaker during periods of struggle for the throne. Yuri Dolgoruky was a "newcomer" for the people of Kiev, from the North. According to the chronicler, after the death of Yuri in 1157, the people of Kiev plundered his rich mansions and killed the Suzdal detachment that came with him.

Andrey Bogolyubsky. Having taken the grand ducal title, Andrey Yuryevich transferred the throne to Vladimir on the Klyazma, and since then Kyiv began to lose its leading position. The stern and strict Andrei wanted to be autocratic, that is, to rule Russia without a vecha and squads. Andrei Bogolyubsky mercilessly pursued the disgruntled boyars, they plotted on Andrei's life and killed him.

Alexander Nevskiy". Grand Duke of Novgorod (1236-1251). Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky consistently pursued a policy aimed at strengthening the northwestern borders of Russia and reconciliation with the Tatars.
While still being the Prince of Novgorod (1236-1251), he showed himself to be an experienced commander and a wise ruler. Thanks to the victories won in the "Battle of the Neva" (1240), in the "Battle on the Ice" (1242), as well as numerous sorties against the Lithuanians, Alexander for a long time discouraged the Swedes, Germans and Lithuanians from wanting to take over the northern Russian lands.
Alexander conducted an opposite policy towards the Mongols-Tatars. It was a policy of peace and cooperation, the purpose of which was to prevent a new invasion of Russia. The prince often traveled to the Horde with rich gifts. He managed to achieve the release of Russian soldiers from the obligation to fight on the side of the Mongol-Tatars.

Yuri - III. Having married the sister of Khan Konchak, in Orthodoxy Agafya, Yuri gained great strength and help in the person of the Tatars who were related to him. But soon, thanks to the claims of Prince Dmitry, the son of Mikhail, who was tortured by Khan, he had to appear for a report to the horde. Here, at the first meeting with Dmitry, Yuri was killed by him, in revenge for the death of his father and for the violation of morality (marrying a Tatar).

Dmitry - II. Dmitry Mikhailovich, nicknamed "terrible eyes", for the murder of Yuri III, was executed by the Khan for arbitrariness.

Alexander Tverskoy. The brother of Dmitry II, who was executed in the horde, Alexander Mikhailovich was approved by the khan on the grand prince's throne. He was distinguished by his kindness and was loved by the people, but he ruined himself by allowing the Tverichians to kill the hated Khan's ambassador Shchelkan. Khan sent 50,000 Tatar troops against Alexander. Alexander fled from the Khan's wrath to Pskov, and from there to Lithuania. Ten years later, Alexander of Tver returned and was forgiven by the khan. Not getting along, however, with the Prince of Moscow, John Kalita, Alexander
he was slandered by him before the khan, the khan summoned him to the horde and executed him.

John I Kalita. John -I Danilovich, the cautious and cunning prince, nicknamed Kalita (purse for money) for his thrift, devastated the Tver principality with the help of the Tatars, taking advantage of the violence of the indignant Tverichians against the Tatars. He took upon himself the collection of tribute from all over Russia for the Tatars, and having greatly enriched himself thanks to this, he bought cities from the specific princes. In 1326, thanks to the efforts of Kalita, the metropolis from Vladimir was transferred to Moscow, and here, according to Metropolitan Peter, the Assumption Cathedral was laid. Since then, Moscow, as the seat of the Metropolitan of All Russia, has acquired the significance of the Russian center.

John -II Ioannovich, a meek and peace-loving prince, followed the advice of Metropolitan Alexei in everything, who was of great importance in the Horde. During this time, relations between Moscow and the Tatars have improved significantly.

Vasily - I. Sharing with the father of the reign, Vasily I ascended the throne as an experienced prince and, following the example of his predecessors, actively expands the boundaries of the Moscow principality: he acquired Nizhny Novgorod and other cities. In 1395, Russia was threatened by the danger of an invasion by Timur, the formidable Tatar khan. Between
Vasily did not pay tribute to the Tatars, but collected it in the grand ducal treasury. In 1408, the Tatar Murza Edigey attacked Moscow, but having received a ransom of 3,000 rubles, he lifted the siege from it. In the same year, after long disputes between Vasily I and the Lithuanian prince Vitovt, both cautious and cunning, the Ugra River was appointed the extreme border of Lithuanian possessions from Russia.

Vasily - II Dark. Yuri Dmitrievich Galitsky took advantage of the infancy of Vasily II, who declared his claims to seniority. But at the trial in the horde, the khan leaned in favor of Vasily, thanks to the efforts of the smart Moscow boyar Ivan Vsevolozhsky. The boyar hoped to marry his daughter to Vasily, but was deceived in his hopes: Offended, he left Moscow to Yuri Dmitrievich and assisted him in mastering the grand prince's throne, on which Yuri died in 1434, when Yuri's son Vasily oblique decided to inherit his father's power, then all the princes rebelled against him.

Vasily II captured him and blinded him: Then Dmitry Shemyaka, brother of Vasily Kosoy, by cunning captured Vasily II, blinded him and took the Moscow throne. Soon, however, Shemyaka had to give the throne to Vasily II. During the reign of Vasily II, the Greek metropolitan Isidore accepted the Florentine union (1439), for which Vasily II put Isidore in custody, and Ryazan Bishop John was appointed metropolitan. Thus, from now on, Russian metropolitans are supplied by a council of Russian bishops. Per last years grand duchy, the internal structure of the grand duchy was the subject of the main concerns of Vasily II.

John III. Adopted by his father as a co-ruler, John III Vasilievich ascended the throne as the full owner of Russia. At first, he severely punished the Novgorodians who started to become Lithuanian subjects, and in 1478, “for a new offense,” he finally subdued them. Novgorodians lost at this veche and
self-government, and the Novgorod posadnitsa Maria and the veche bell were sent to the camp of John.

In 1485, after the final conquest of other appanages more or less dependent on the Moscow principality, John finally annexed the Tver principality to Moscow. By this time, the Tatars were divided into three independent hordes: Golden, Kazan and Crimean. They were at enmity with each other and were no longer afraid of the Russians. In official history, it is believed that it was John III in 1480, having entered into an alliance with the Crimean Khan Mengli-Girey, tore off the Khan's basma, ordered the Khan's ambassadors to be taken to execution, and then, without bloodshed, overthrew the Tatar yoke.

Vasily III. The son of John -III from his marriage with Sophia Paleologus Vasily -III was distinguished by pride and impregnability, punished the descendants of appanage princes and boyars subject to him, who dared to rebuke him. He is "the last collector of the Russian land."
Having annexed the last appanages (Pskov, the northern principality), he completely destroyed the appanage system. He fought twice with Lithuania, on the teaching of the Lithuanian nobleman Mikhail Glinsky, who entered his service, and, finally, in 1514, he took Smolensk from the Lithuanians. The war with Kazan and the Crimea was difficult for Vasily, but ended in the punishment of Kazan: Trade was diverted from there to the Makaryev fair, which was subsequently transferred to Nizhny. Vasily divorced his wife Solomonia and married Princess Elena Glinskaya, the more he aroused the boyars dissatisfied with him. From this marriage, Vasily had a son, John.

Elena Glinskaya. Appointed by Vasily III as the ruler of the state, the mother of three-year-old John, Elena Glinskaya, immediately took drastic measures against the boyars who were dissatisfied with her. She made peace with Lithuania and decided to fight the Crimean Tatars, who boldly attacked Russian possessions, but in the midst of preparing for a desperate struggle, she died suddenly.

John IV the Terrible. Left at the age of 8 in the hands of the boyars, the intelligent and talented Ivan Vasilievich grew up among the struggle of parties over the rule of the state, among violence, secret murders and incessant exile. He himself often endured harassment from the boyars, he learned to hate them, and the cruelty, violence and violence that surrounded him
rudeness contributed to the hardening of his heart.

In 1552, Kazan, which dominated the entire Volga region, was conquered by John, and in 1556 the kingdom of Astrakhan was annexed to the Moscow state. The desire to establish himself on the shores of the Baltic Sea forced John to start the Livonian War, which brought him into conflict with Poland and Sweden. The war began quite successfully, but ended in the most unfavorable truce for John with Poland and Sweden: John not only did not establish himself on the shores of the Baltic, but also lost the coast of the Gulf of Finland. The sad era of "search", disgrace and executions began. John left Moscow, went with his entourage to Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda and here he surrounded himself with guardsmen, whom John opposed to the rest of the land, the Zemstvo.

24. Vasily Shuisky was a descendant of Rurik not in a direct royal line, so the last Rurikovich on the throne is still considered the son of Ivan the Terrible, Fedor Ioannovich.

25. The adoption by Ivan III of the double-headed eagle as a heraldic sign is usually associated with the influence of his wife Sophia Paleolog, but this is not the only version of the origin of the coat of arms. Perhaps it was borrowed from the heraldry of the Habsburgs, or from the Golden Horde, who used the double-headed eagle on some coins. Today double-headed eagle is on the coats of arms of six European states.

26. Among the modern "Rurik" there is the now living "Emperor of Holy Russia and the Third Rome", he has " new church Holy Russia”, “Cabinet of Ministers”, “State Duma”, “Supreme Court”, “Central Bank”, “Plenipotentiary Ambassadors”, “National Guard”.

27. Otto von Bismarck was a descendant of the Ruriks. His distant relatives were Anna Yaroslavovna.

28. The first American President George Washington was also Rurikovich. In addition to him, 20 more US presidents were descended from Rurik. Including father and son Bush.

29. One of the last Rurikovichs, Ivan the Terrible, descended from the Moscow branch of the dynasty on his father, and on his mother - from the Tatar temnik Mamai.

30. Lady Diana was connected with Rurik through the Kievan princess Dobronega, daughter of Saint Vladimir, who married the Polish prince Casimir the Restorer.

31. Alexander Pushkin, if you look at his genealogy, is Rurikovich through his great-grandmother Sarah Rzhevskaya.

32. After the death of Fyodor Ioannovich, only his youngest - Moscow - branch was cut short. But the male offspring of other Rurikoviches (former appanage princes) had already acquired surnames by that time: Baryatinsky, Volkonsky, Gorchakov, Dolgorukov, Obolensky, Odoevsky, Repnin, Shuisky, Shcherbatov ...

33. The last chancellor of the Russian Empire, the great Russian diplomat of the 19th century, friend of Pushkin and comrade of Bismarck, Alexander Gorchakov was born into an old noble family descended from Yaroslavl Rurik princes.

34. 24 Prime Ministers of Great Britain were Rurikovich. Including Winston Churchill. Anna Yaroslavna was his great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-grandmother.

35. One of the most cunning politicians of the 17th century, Cardinal Richelieu, also had Russian roots - again through Anna Yaroslavna.

36. In 2007, the historian Murtazaliev argued that the Ruriks were Chechens. “The Rus were not just anyone, but Chechens. It turns out that Rurik and his squad, if they really are from the Varangian tribe of Rus, then they are purebred Chechens, moreover, from the royal family and speaking their native Chechen language.

37. Alexandre Dumas, who immortalized Richelieu, was also a Rurikovich. His great-great-great-great-great-great-grandmother was Zbyslava Svyatopolkovna, the daughter of the Grand Duke Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, who was married off to the Polish King Boleslav Krivousty.

38. The Prime Minister of Russia from March to July 1917 was Grigory Lvov, a representative of the Rurik branch, coming from Prince Lev Danilovich, nicknamed Zubaty, a descendant of Rurik in the 18th generation.

39. Ivan IV was not the only "terrible" king in the Rurik dynasty. “Terrible” was also called his grandfather, Ivan III, who, in addition, also had the nicknames “justice” and “great”. As a result, the nickname “great” was assigned to Ivan III, and his grandson became “terrible”.

40. "Father of NASA" Wernher von Braun was also Rurikovich. His mother was Baroness Emmy, née von Quistorn.

The legends associated with his name and the names of his followers date back to the ninth century and last for seven long centuries. In our today's article, the Rurik dynasty will be considered - its family tree with photos and years of rule.

Where did the ancient family come from

The existence of the commander himself and his wife Efanda is still being questioned by most scientists. But some researchers of the origin of Russia claim that the future governor was born between 806 and 808 in the city of Raroga. His name, according to several versions, has Slavic roots and means "falcon".

When Rurik was still a baby, the possessions of his father Godolub were attacked by the Danes, led by Gottfried. The future founder of the royal family turned out to be half an orphan and spent all his childhood in a foreign land with his mother. At the age of 20, he arrived at the court of the Frankish king and received his father's lands from him as a vassal.

Then he was deprived of all land allotments and sent to fight in a squad that helped the Frankish king seize new lands.

According to legend, the dynastic scheme of the complete genealogical tree of the Rurik family with dates and years of reign was seen in a dream by his grandfather, Prince Gostomysl of Novgorod. The theory of the foreign origin of the entire royal family was refuted by Mikhail Lomonosov. By blood, the future ruler of Novgorod belonged to the Slavs and was invited to his native lands at a fairly respectable age - he was 52 years old.

Second generation of rulers

After the death of Rurik in 879, his son Igor came to power. The situation was complicated by the fact that he was still small to become the ruler of Russia. Oleg, Igor's uncle, was appointed his guardian. He was able to establish relations with the Byzantine Empire and called Kyiv - "the mother of Russian cities." After the death of Oleg, Igor became the ruler of Kyiv. He also managed to do a lot for the benefit of the Russian lands.

But during his reign there were also unsuccessful military campaigns. The most famous of them is the attack of Constantinople from the sea. Faced with the first of the rulers of Russia with the famous "Greek fire", Igor realized that he underestimated the enemy, and was forced to turn the ships back.

The prince died unexpectedly - he had been fighting enemy troops all his life, he died at the hands of his own people - the Drevlyans. Igor's wife, Princess Olga, cruelly avenged her husband and burned the city, turning it into ashes.

Having laid siege to the Drevlyans, the princess ordered them to send her three doves and three sparrows from each house. When her wish was fulfilled, she ordered her warriors to tie tinder to their paws and set it on fire as soon as dusk fell. The warriors carried out the order of the princess and sent the birds back. So the city of Iskorosten was completely burned.

Igor left two sons - Gleb and Svyatoslav. Since the heirs to the princely throne were still small, Olga began to lead the Russian lands. When Svyatoslav, Igor's eldest child, grew up and took the throne, Princess Olga still continued to rule in Russia, since the descendant went on military campaigns for most of his life. In one of them he was killed. Svyatoslav entered his name in history as a great conqueror.

Scheme of the genealogical chronological tree of the Rurik family: Oleg, Vladimir and Yaropolk

In Kyiv, after the death of Svyatoslav, Yaropolk ascended the throne. He began to openly feud with his brother Oleg. Finally, Yaropolk managed to kill his own brother in battle and lead Kyiv. During the battle with his brother, Oleg fell into a ditch and was trampled by horses. But the fratricide did not stay in power for long and was overthrown from the throne of Kyiv by Vladimir.

The history of the genealogy of this prince is extremely interesting: being illegitimate, according to pagan laws, he could still lead Russia.

Upon learning that one brother had killed another, the future ruler of Kyiv gathered his army with the help of his uncle and teacher Dobrynia. Having conquered Polotsk, he decided to marry Rogneda, the bride of Yaropolk. The girl did not want to tie the knot with the “rootless”, which greatly offended the baptist of Russia. He took her as his wife by force, and then killed her entire family in front of the future bride.

Then he sent an army to Kyiv, but decided not to fight directly, but to use a trick. Having lured his brother to supposedly peaceful negotiations, Vladimir set a trap for him and, with the help of his warriors, stabbed him to death with swords. Thus, all power over Russia was concentrated in the hands of the bloody prince. Despite such a cruel past, the Kyiv ruler was able to baptize Russia and spread Christianity throughout all the pagan lands subject to him.

Rurikovichi: the tree of the royal dynasty with dates and surnames - Yaroslav the Wise

After the death of the baptist of Russia, disputes and civil strife began again in a large family. This time, 4 brothers wanted to head the Kyiv throne at once. Having killed his relatives, Svyatopolk the Accursed, the son of Vladimir and his Greek concubine, began to lead in the capital. But the Accursed One did not manage to stand at the helm of power for long - he was replaced by Yaroslav the Wise. Having won the battle on the Alta River, Yaroslav ascended the princely throne, and declared Svyatopolk a traitor to the family clan.

Yaroslav the Wise decided to radically change the style of government. He intermarried with a European royal family by marrying the Swedish princess Ingigerda. His children were married to Greek and Polish heirs to the throne, his daughters became queens of France and Sweden. Before his death in 1054, Yaroslav the Wise honestly divided the lands between the heirs and bequeathed them not to wage civil wars.

The most important figures in the political arena of that time were his three sons:

• Izyaslav (ruler of Kyiv and Novgorod).
• Vsevolod (Prince of Rostov and Pereyaslavsky).
• Svyatoslav (ruled in Chernigov and Murom).

As a result of their union, a triumvirate was formed, and the three brothers began to reign in their lands. To increase their prestige, they entered into many royal marriages and encouraged families created with noble foreigners and foreign women.
The Rurik dynasty - a complete family tree with years of rule and with a photo: the largest branches

It is impossible to talk about some kind of former unity of the family: the branches of the princely family multiplied and intertwined, including with foreign noble families. The largest of these were:

• Izyaslavichi
• Rostislavichi
• Svyatoslavichi
• Monomakhovichi

Let's take a closer look at each branch.

Izyaslavichi

The founder of the clan was Izyaslav, a descendant of Vladimir and Rogneda. According to legend, Rogneda always dreamed of taking revenge on the prince for forcing her to marry him by force and going to kill her family members. One night she snuck into the bedroom to stab her husband in the heart. But the husband slept lightly and managed to repel the blow. In anger, the ruler wanted to deal with the unfaithful wife, but Izyaslav ran to the screams and stood up for his mother. The father did not dare to kill Rogneda in front of his son, and this saved her life.

Instead, the baptizer of the Slavs sent his wife and child to Polotsk. And so the line of the Rurik dynasty began in Polotsk.

Rostislavichi

After the death of his father, Rostislav could not claim the throne and was an exile. But the warlike spirit and a small army helped him lead Tmutarakan. Rostislav had three sons: Volodar, Vasilko and Rurik. Each of them has achieved considerable success in the military field.

Izyaslav Yaroslavich headed Turov. A fierce struggle was waged for this land for many years, as a result of which the prince and his descendants were expelled from their native lands by Vladimir Monomakh. Only Yuri, a distant descendant of the ruler, could restore justice.

Svyatoslavichi

The sons of Svyatoslav fought for a long time for the throne with Izyaslav and Vsevolod. Young and inexperienced warriors were defeated by their uncles and lost power.

Monomakhovichi

The clan was formed from the heir of Monomakh - Vsevolod. All princely power was concentrated in his hands. It was possible to unite all the lands, including Polotsk and Turov, for several years. The "fragile" world collapsed after the death of the ruler.

It is worth noting that Yuri Dolgoruky also came from the Monomakhovich line and later became a "collector of Russian lands."

Numerous offspring of representatives of the royal family

Did you know that some members of the famous family had descendants with 14 children? For example, according to historians, Vladimir Monomakh had 12 children from two wives - and these are only known ones! But everyone was surpassed by his son - Yuri Dolgoruky. The famous founder of Belokamennaya gave birth to 14 successors of the family. Of course, this gave rise to many problems: every child wanted to reign, considered himself truly right and the most important heir to the famous father.

Family genealogical tree of Rurikovich with years and dates of reign: who else belongs to the great dynasty

Among the many outstanding figures, it is important to note Ivan Kalita, Ivan the Terrible, Alexander Nevsky and Dmitry Donskoy. The bloody history of the family gave future generations of great rulers, generals and politicians.

The most famous cruel king of his time was Ivan IV the Terrible. There were many stories about his bloody glory and the incredible atrocities of the guardsmen devoted to him. But Ivan IV was able to do a lot of good things for his country. He significantly expanded the territory of Russia, adding Siberia, Astrakhan and Kazan.

Theodore the Blessed was supposed to be his successor, but he was mentally and physically weak, and the tsar simply could not trust him with power over the state.

During the reign of the son of Ivan Vasilyevich, Boris Godunov was the "gray eminence". He took the throne after the death of the heir.

Rurikovich gave the world and great warriors - Alexander Nevsky and Dmitry Donskoy. The first one got its nickname thanks to the victory on the Neva in the famous Battle of the Ice.

And Dmitry Donskoy was able to free Russia from the Mongol invasion.

Who was the last in the family tree of the Rurik dynasty

According to historical data, the last in the famous dynasty was Fedor Ioannovich. "Blessed" ruled the country purely nominally and in 1589 he passed away. Thus ended the history of the famous family. The era of the Romanovichs began.

Fedor Ioannovich could not leave offspring (his only daughter died at 9 months). But some facts point to the relationship of the two families.

The first Russian tsar from the Romanovich family descended from Filaret - at that time the Patriarch of All Russia. The primate of the church was the cousin of Theodore the Blessed. So, it can be argued that the Rurik branch did not break off, but was continued by new rulers.

Studying the history of princely and royal dynasties is a difficult task, which is the subject of many scientific studies. Internecine wars and numerous descendants of representatives of an old family are still a hot topic for the work of specialists.

During the formation of Russia as the basis of the statehood of the future Russia, a lot of large-scale events took place: the victory over the Tatar and Swedish conquerors, baptism, the unification of princely lands and the establishment of contacts with foreigners. An attempt to combine the history of a glorious family and tell about its milestones was made in this article.

The history of Ancient Russia is very interesting for posterity. She got to modern generation in the form of myths, legends and chronicles. The family tree of Rurikovich with dates of board, its scheme exists in many historical books. The earlier the description, the more reliable the story. The dynasties that ruled, starting with Prince Rurik, contributed to the formation of statehood, the unification of all and the principalities into a single strong state.

The genealogy of Rurikovich presented to readers is a vivid confirmation of this. How many legendary personalities who created the future of Russia are represented in this tree! How did the dynasty begin? Who was Rurik in origin?

grandchildren invitation

There are many legends about the appearance of the Varangian Rurik in Russia. Some historians consider him a Scandinavian, others - a Slav. But the Tale of Bygone Years, left by the chronicler Nestor, tells about this event best of all. From his narrative it follows that Rurik, Sineus and Truvor are the grandchildren of the Novgorod prince Gostomysl.

The prince lost all four of his sons in battle, leaving only three daughters. One of them was married to a Varyag-Ross and gave birth to three sons. It was them, his grandchildren, that Gostomysl called to reign in Novgorod. Rurik became Prince of Novgorod, Sineus went to Beloozero, and Truvor to Izborsk. Three brothers became the first tribe and the Rurik family tree began with them. It was 862 AD. The dynasty was in power until 1598, ruling the country for 736 years.

Second knee

The Novgorod prince Rurik ruled until 879. He died, leaving in the arms of Oleg, a relative on his wife's side, his son Igor, a representative of the second tribe. While Igor was growing up, Oleg reigned in Novgorod, who during his reign conquered and called Kyiv "the mother of Russian cities", established diplomatic relations with Byzantium.

After the death of Oleg, in 912, Igor, the rightful heir of the Rurik dynasty, began to reign. He died in 945, leaving his sons: Svyatoslav and Gleb. There are many historical documents and books that describe the genealogy of the Ruriks with dates of reign. The scheme of their family tree looks like the photo on the left.

From this diagram it can be seen that the genus gradually branches and grows. Especially from his son, Yaroslav the Wise, offspring appeared that had great importance in the development of Russia.

and heirs

In the year of his death, Svyatoslav was only three years old. Therefore, his mother, Princess Olga, began to rule the principality. When he grew up, he was more attracted to military campaigns, rather than reigning. In a campaign to the Balkans, in 972, he was killed. His heirs were three sons: Yaropolk, Oleg and Vladimir. Immediately after the death of his father, Yaropolk became the prince of Kyiv. Autocracy was his desire, and he began to openly fight against his brother Oleg. The genealogy of the Rurikovichs with the dates of reign suggests that Vladimir Svyatoslavovich nevertheless became the head of the Kyiv principality.

When Oleg died, Vladimir first fled to Europe, but after 2 years he returned with a retinue and killed Yaropolk, thus becoming the Grand Duke of Kyiv. During his campaigns in Byzantium, Prince Vladimir became a Christian. In 988, he baptized the inhabitants of Kyiv in the Dnieper, built churches and cathedrals, and contributed to the spread of Christianity in Russia.

The people gave him a name and his reign lasted until 1015. The Church venerates him as a saint for the baptism of Russia. The Grand Duke of Kyiv Vladimir Svyatoslavovich had sons: Svyatopolk, Izyaslav, Sudislav, Vysheslav, Pozvizd, Vsevolod, Stanislav, Yaroslav, Mstislav, Svyatoslav and Gleb.

Descendants of Rurik

There is a detailed genealogy of Rurikovich with dates of their lives and periods of government. Following Vladimir, Svyatopolk, who will be called the Accursed by the people, rose to the principality for the murder of his brothers. His reign did not last long - in 1015, with a break, and from 1017 to 1019.

The wise one ruled from 1015 to 1017 and from 1019 to 1024. Then there were 12 years of reign together with Mstislav Vladimirovich: from 1024 to 1036, and then from 1036 to 1054.

From 1054 to 1068 - this is the period of the principality of Izyaslav Yaroslavovich. Further, the genealogy of the Rurikovichs, the scheme of government of their descendants, is expanding. Some of the representatives of the dynasty were in power for very short periods and did not have time to accomplish outstanding deeds. But many (such as Yaroslav the Wise or Vladimir Monomakh) left their mark on the life of Russia.

Pedigree of Rurikovich: continuation

The Grand Duke of Kyiv Vsevolod Yaroslavovich entered the principality in 1078 and continued it until 1093. There are many princes in the family tree of the dynasty who are remembered for their exploits in battles: such was Alexander Nevsky. But his reign was later, during the invasion of Russia by the Mongol-Tatars. And before him, the Kyiv principality was ruled by: Vladimir Monomakh - from 1113 to 1125, Mstislav - from 1125 to 1132, Yaropolk - from 1132 to 1139. Yuri Dolgoruky, who became the founder of Moscow, reigned from 1125 to 1157.

The genealogy of the Rurikovichs is voluminous and deserves a very careful study. It is impossible to pass by such famous names as John "Kalita", Dmitry "Donskoy", who reigned from 1362 to 1389. Contemporaries always associate the name of this prince with his victory at the Kulikovo field. After all, it was a turning point that marked the beginning of the "end" of the Tatar-Mongol yoke. But Dmitry Donskoy was remembered not only for this: his domestic politics was aimed at uniting the principalities. It was during his reign that Moscow became the central place of Russia.

Fedor Ioannovich - the last of the dynasty

The genealogy of the Rurikovichs, a diagram with dates, suggests that the dynasty ended with the reign of the Tsar of Moscow and All Russia - Fedor Ioannovich. He ruled from 1584 to 1589. But his power was nominal: by nature, he was not a sovereign, and the country was ruled by the State Duma. But nevertheless, during this period, peasants were attached to the land, which is considered a merit of the reign of Fyodor Ioannovich.

The genealogy of Rurikovich was cut off, the scheme of which is shown above in the article. For more than 700 years, the formation of Russia went on, the terrible yoke was overcome, there was a unification of the principalities and the entire East Slavic people. Further on the threshold of history stands a new royal dynasty - the Romanovs.

Rurik - according to the chronicle legend, the head of the Varangian military detachment, called by the Ilmen Slavs to reign together with the brothers Sineus and Truvor in Novgorod. Founder of the Rurik dynasty.
Oleg (? -912) - a relative of Rurik, Prince of Novgorod (from 879) and Kyiv (from 882). In 907 he made a trip to Byzantium, in 907 and 911 he concluded agreements with her.
Igor (? -945) - the son of Rurik, the Grand Duke of Kyiv from 912. In 941 and 944 he made trips to Byzantium, with which he concluded an agreement. Killed by the Drevlyans who Revolted during the collection of tribute.
Children: Svyatoslav - see below
Olga (? -969) - wife of Prince Igor, Grand Duchess of Kyiv. Rules in the early childhood of the son of Svyatoslav and during his campaigns. Suppressed the uprising of the Drevlyans. Around 957 adopted Christianity.
Svyatoslav (? -972) - son of Prince Igor, Grand Duke of Kyiv. He made campaigns from 964 from Kyiv to the Oka, the Volga region, the North Caucasus and the Balkans; liberated the Vyatichi from the power of the Khazars, fought with the Volga Bulgaria, defeated (965) the Khazar Khaganate, in 967 fought with Bulgaria on the Danube. In alliance with the Hungarians, Bulgarians and others, he waged the Russian-Byzantine war of 970-971. Strengthened the foreign policy position of the Kievan state. Killed by the Pechenegs at the Dnieper rapids.

Children: Vladimir (see below)
Oleg (?-977), Prince of Drevlyansky
Yaropolk (? -980), Prince of Kyiv (since 972). He tried to subjugate the territories in the north and northeast of Russia, but was defeated by his younger brother Vladimir.

Vladimir (? -1015) - son of Prince Svyatoslav, Prince of Novgorod (since 969), Grand Duke of Kyiv (since 980). He conquered the Vyatichi, Radimichi and Yotvingians; fought with the Pechenegs, Volga Bulgaria, Byzantium and Poland. Under him, defensive lines were built along the rivers Desna, Osetr, Trubezh, Sula and others, Kyiv was re-fortified and built up with stone buildings. In 988-989 he introduced Christianity as the state religion. Under Vladimir, the ancient Russian state entered its heyday, and the international prestige of Russia increased. In Russian epics, the Red Sun is called. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.

Children: Boris (? -1015), Prince of Rostov. Killed by supporters of Svyatopolk. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.
Vsevolod, Prince of Vladimir-Volynsky
Vysheslav, Prince of Novgorod
Gleb (7-I 0 I 5), Prince of Murom. Killed by order of Svyatopolk. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church
Izyaslav (see below)
Mstislav (? -1036), prince of Tmutarakansky (since 988) and Chernigov (since 1026). Conquered a number of Caucasian tribes. The struggle with Prince Yaroslav the Wise ended with the division of the state along the Dnieper River, which remained until the death of Mstislav.
Pozvizd
Svyatoslav (? -1015), Prince of Drevlyansky. Killed by order of Svyatopolk
Svyatopolk the Accursed (c. 980-1019), Prince of Turov (from 988) and Kyiv (1015-1019). He killed three of his brothers and took possession of their destinies. Exiled by Yaroslav the Wise. In 1018, with the help of Polish and Pecheneg troops, he captured Kyiv, but was defeated.
Stanislav
Sudislav (?-1063)
Yaroslav the Wise (see below)

Izyaslav (? -1001) - son of Prince Vladimir, Prince of Polotsk

Children: Bryachislav (? -1044), Prince of Polotsk
Grandchildren: Vseslav (? -1101), Prince of Polotsk
Great-grandchildren: Gleb (? -1119), Prince of Minsk
Great-great-grandchildren: Vladimir, Prince of Minsk
Great-great-great-grandchildren: Vasily, Prince Logovsky
Great-great-grandchildren: Vsevolod, Prince Izyaslavl

Rostislav, Prince of Polotsk
Great-grandchildren: David, Prince of Polotsk

Rogvolod (Boris), Prince of Polotsk
Great-great-grandchildren: Vasily (Rogvolod), Prince of Polotsk
Great-great-great-grandchildren: Gleb, Prince Drutsky
Great-grandchildren: Roman (? -1116), Prince of Polotsk

Rostislav (George)

Svyatoslav, Prince of Polotsk
Great-great-grandchildren: Vasilko, Prince of Polotsk
Great-great-great-grandchildren: Bryachislav, Prince of Vitebsk

Vseslav, Prince of Polotsk

Yaroslav the Wise (c. 978-1054) - son of Prince Vladimir, Grand Duke of Kyiv (1019). He expelled Svyatopolk the Accursed, fought with his brother Mstislav, divided the state with him (1026), and in 1036 united it again. A number of victories secured the southern and western borders of Russia. Established dynastic ties with many European countries. Under him, Russkaya Pravda was compiled.
Children: Anastasia, Queen of Hungary
Anna (c. 1024 - not earlier than 1075), wife (1049-1060) of the French king Henry I. The ruler of France in the early childhood of her son - Philip I
Vladimir (?-1052), Prince of Novgorod
Grandchildren: Rostislav, Prince Tmutarakansky
Great-grandchildren: Vasilko (? -1124), Prince Terebovskiy

Volodar (? -1124), prince of Przemysl. He sought the independence of the Galician land from Kyiv. Using an alliance with the Polovtsians and Byzantium, together with his brother Vasilko, he successfully fought against the Hungarian and Polish feudal lords. He fought with the princes Svyatopolk Izyaslavich and David Igorevich. Established together with Vasilko in Terebovlya.
Great-great-grandchildren: Vladimir (? -1152)
Great-great-great-grandchildren: Yaroslav Osmomysl (? -I87), Prince of Galicia. Member of numerous feudal wars, campaigns against the Polovtsians and Hungarians. He strengthened the Principality of Galicia with many international connections. He fought against the separatism of the boyars.
Great-great-grandchildren: Rostislav
Great-great-great-grandchildren: Ivan Berladnik (? -1162)
Great-grandchildren: Rurik (? -1092), Prince Przemysl
Children: Vsevolod (1030-1093), Prince Pereyaslavsky (since 1054), Chernigov (since 1077), Grand Duke of Kyiv (since 1078). Together with the brothers Izyaslav and Svyatoslav, he fought against the Polovtsians.
Grandchildren: Vladimir Monomakh (see below)
Eupraxia (?-1109)
Rostislav (? -1093), Prince of Pereyaslavsky
Children: Vyacheslav (? -1057), Prince of Smolensk
Grandchildren: Boris (? -1078), Prince Tmutarakansky
Children: Elizabeth, Queen of Norway

Igor (? -1060), Prince of Vladimir
Grandchildren: David (? -1112), Prince of Vladimir-Volynsky
Children: Izyaslav (1024-1078), Grand Duke of Kyiv (1054-1068,1069-1073,1077-1078). He was expelled from Kyiv (by a popular uprising in 1068 and by his brothers in 1073), he returned power with the help of foreign troops.
Grandchildren: Eupraxia, Queen of Poland

Mstislav (?-1068)

Svyatopolk (1050-1113), Prince of Polotsk in 1069-1071, Novgorod in 1078-1088, Turov in 1088-1093, Grand Duke of Kyiv from 1093. Hypocritical and cruel, incited princely civil strife; By oppressing the people, he prepared the uprising that broke out after his death in Kyiv.
Great-grandchildren: Bryachislav (? -1127)
Izyaslav (?-1127)
Mstislav (?-1099)

Yaroslav (? - 1123), Prince of Vladimir
Great-great-grandchildren: Yuri (? -1162)
Grandchildren: Yaropolk (? -1086), Prince Turovsky
Great-grandchildren: Vyacheslav (? -1105)

Yaroslav (? -1102), Prince of Brest
Children: Ilya (? -1020)

Svyatoslav (1027-1076), Prince of Chernigov from 1054, Grand Duke of Kyiv from 1073. Together with his brother Vsevolod, he defended the southern borders of Russia from the Polovtsians and Turks
Grandchildren: Gleb (? -1078), Prince of Novgorod and Tmutarakansky
David (see below)
Oleg Gorislavich (see below)
Roman (?-1079), Prince of Tmutarakansky
Yaroslav (? -1129), Prince of Murom and Chernigov

Davil Svyatoslavich (? -1123), grandson of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, Prince of Chernigov
Children: Vladimir (? -1151), Prince of Chernigov
Grandchildren: Svyatoslav (? -1166), Prince Vshchizhsky
Children: Vsevolod (? -1124), Prince of Murom
Izyaslav (? -1161), Grand Duke of Kyiv
Rostislav (?-1120)
Svyatoslav (Svyatosha) (? -1142), Prince of Chernigov

Oleg Svyatoslavich (Gorislavich) (? -1115) - grandson of Yaroslav the Wise. He reigned in the Rostov-Suzdal land, in Volhynia; having lost his possessions, he fled to Tmutarakan, twice captured Chernigov with the support of the Polovtsy, was captured by the Khazars, then in Byzantium in exile on Fr. Rhodes. In "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" he was nicknamed Gorislavich.
Children: Vsevolod (? -1146), Prince of Chernigov (1127-1139), Grand Duke of Kyiv (since 1139). Member of civil strife; brutally oppressed the people, which caused an uprising in Kyiv after his death.
Grandchildren: Svyatoslav (? -1194), Grand Duke of Kyiv
Great-grandchildren: Vladimir (? -1201), Prince of Novgorod
Vsevolod Chermny (?-1212)
Great-great-grandchildren: Mikhail (1179-1246), Prince of Chernigov. In the 20s. several times he was a prince in Novgorod. From 1238 Grand Duke of Kyiv. During the offensive of the Mongol-Tatar troops, he fled to Hungary. Returned to Russia; killed in the Golden Horde.
Great-great-great-grandchildren: Rostislav (? -1249)
Great-grandchildren: Gleb (? -1214)

Great-great-grandchildren: Mstislav, Prince of Turov
Great-grandchildren: Mstislav (? -1223), Prince of Chernigov

Oleg (?-1204), Prince of Chernigov
Great-great-grandchildren: David
Grandchildren: Yaroslav (? -1198), Prince of Chernigov
Great-grandchildren: Rostislav (? -1214), Prince Snovsky

Yaropolk
Children: Vsevolod the Big Nest (1154-1212), Grand Duke of Vladimir. Successfully fought with the feudal nobility; subjugated Kyiv, Chernigov, Ryazan, Novgorod. During his reign, Vladimir-Suzdal Rus reached its peak. Had 12 children (hence the nickname).
Grandchildren: Ivan (? -1239), Prince Starodubsky
Konstantin (1186-1219), Grand Duke of Vladimir (since 1216). In 1206-1207 he reigned in Novgorod. With the support of Prince Mstislav Mstislavich Udaly and the Novgorod-Pskov-Smolensk-Rostov common army, he defeated his brothers Yaroslav and Yuri in the Battle of Lipitsa (1216). He took away the grand-ducal table from Yuri.
Great-grandchildren: Vasily (? -1238), Prince of Rostov
Vladimir (? - 1249), Prince of Uglitsky

Vsevolod (7-1238), Prince of Yaroslavl
Grandchildren: Svyatoslav (? -1252)
Yuri (George) (1188-1238), Grand Duke of Vladimir (1212-1216 and from 1218). He was defeated in the Battle of Lipitsa (1216) and ceded the great reign to his brother Konstantin. In 1221 Nizhny Novgorod was founded; defeated and died in battle with the Mongol-Tatars on the river Sit.
Great-grandchildren: Vladimir (? -1238)

Vsevolod (? -1238), Prince of Novgorod

Mstislav (?-1238)
Grandchildren: Yaroslav (1191-1246). He reigned in Pereyaslavl, Galich, Ryazan, was invited and expelled several times by the Novgorodians; participant in feudal wars, was defeated in the Battle of Lipitsa (1216). In 1236-1238 he reigned in Kyiv, from 1238 the Grand Duke of Vladimir. Twice traveled to the Golden Horde, as well as to Mongolia.
Great-grandchildren: Alexander Nevsky (see below)

Andrew (?-1264)
Children: Gleb (? -1171), Prince Pereyaslavsky

Ivan (? -1147), Prince of Kursk

Michael (? -1176), Prince of Vladimir

Mstislav, Prince of Novgorod
Grandchildren: Yaroslav (7-1199), Prince Volokolamsky
Children: Rostislav (7-1151), Prince Pereyaslavsky
Grandchildren: Mstislav (? - 1178), Prince of Novgorod
Great-grandchildren: Svyatoslav, Prince of Novgorod
Grandchildren: Yaropolk (? -1196)
Children: Svyatoslav (? -1174) Yaroslav (? -1166)