Cosmonaut Krikalev. Sergey Krikalev - Russian cosmonaut
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Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich (1958- gg.)
Short biography:
USSR cosmonaut:№67;
Astronaut of the world:№209;
Number of flights: 6;
Duration: 8 03 days 09 hours 41 minutes 12 seconds;
Number of spacewalks: 8
Sergey Krikalev- 67th cosmonaut, hero of the USSR: biography with photo, space, space record holder, personal life, significant dates, first flight.
- a famous cosmonaut who made 6 flights with a total duration of 803 days 09 hours 41 minutes 12 seconds and 8 spacewalks with a duration of stay of 41 hours 26 minutes. Krikalev is considered cosmonaut No. 67 in the USSR and No. 209 worldwide.
Sergei Konstantinovich was born in Leningrad on August 27, 1958, studied at the city school No. 77, received the specialty "chemist-analyst-laboratory assistant", was interested in aircraft sports, graduated from the mechanical engineering department of the Leningrad Mechanical Institute. The diploma of a mechanical engineer included the specialty "Design and production of aircraft."
Space
On September 2, 1985, the GMVC decided to enroll Krikalev in the cosmonaut corps of NPO Energia, and for about a year he underwent general space training, and only on November 28, 1986, the MVCC awarded him the qualification level "test cosmonaut". The cosmonaut was trained under the Buran program, being in the crew led by Alexander Shchukin.
After A. Kaleri stopped participating in training on the Soyuz TM-7 due to health reasons, on March 22, 1988, Krikalev became a member of the crew. Together with Alexander Volkov and Frenchman Jean-Loup Chretien, he was trained as a flight engineer. This was followed by the preparation of Krikalev as the first test vehicle, work on the Kvant-2 module was to begin, which did not take place due to changes in the flight program.
The first flight
The first flight of Krikaliva lasted from November 26, 1988 to April 27, 1989 under the program of the 4th main expedition (EO-4) and the Soviet-French program "Aragats". The cosmonaut was a flight engineer for the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft and the Mir spacecraft. Starting together with Volkov Jean-Loup Chretien, Krikalev, who had the call sign "Donbas-2". Landed with the same Volkov and Valery Polyakov. The first flight had a total duration of 151 days 11 hours 08 minutes 24 seconds.
Second flight
The second flight, which lasted 311 days 20 hours and 54 seconds from May 18, 1991 to March 25, 1992, Krikalev spent together with Anatoly Artsebarsky and Volkov, being a Soyuz TM-12 flight engineer at launch and Soyuz TM-13 at landing . The flight took place as part of the 10th main expedition into space, and at the same time it was decided to continue the work of a specialist under the call signs "Donbas-2" and "Ozon-2".
Third flight
The third flight was short, taking 8 days 7 hours 10 minutes 13 seconds, and Sergei Konstantinovich was a flight-4 specialist on a shuttle called Discovery STS-60.
Fourth flight
The fourth flight for a period of 11 days 19 hours 18 minutes 47 seconds was carried out from December 4 to December 16, 1998, and Krikalev was also a flight-4 specialist on the foreign shuttle Endeavor STS-88. During the flight, he participated in on-board work on the ISS and, together with the shuttle commander Robert Kabana, opened the hatch of this very ISS for the first time.
Fifth flight
The fifth flight of an already experienced cosmonaut lasted 140 days 23 hours 40 minutes 19 seconds, and Krikalev was a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-31 spacecraft and the ISS, participating in the first main ISS expedition. The launch was on October 31, 2000 on the Soyuz TM-31 spacecraft, and landing on March 21, 2001 on the Discovery STS-102 shuttle.
In 2006, the CPC, RSC Energia and Roscosmos appointed Sergey Krikalev as a TC commander in the ISS-17d backup crew and the ISS-19 prime crew, where he worked together with Maxim Suraev. August of the same year was marked by his appointment as an understudy commander of the ISS-17d and flight engineer of the Soyuz-TMA-12 spacecraft, and the appointment was determined in advance by representatives of both Roscosmos and NASA. On March 27, 2009, Sergei Krikalev, by decision of the leadership of Roscosmos, was relieved of his duties as an instructor-test cosmonaut.
Personal life
Krikalev is married, his wife is Elena Yurievna Terekhina, born in 1956, works as an engineer at RSC Energia, has a daughter, Olga, born in 1990.
Enthusiasm
In his free time, the astronaut is fond of swimming, including underwater and in extreme conditions, aerobatics, windsurfing, tennis, skiing, even engaged in amateur radio communications under the call sign X75M1K, thereby demonstrating his active life position and versatile development.
- Cosmonaut: Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich (08/27/1958)
- 67th cosmonaut of Russia (212th in the world)
- Flight duration:
- 151 days 11 hours 8 minutes (1988), call sign "Donbas-2"
- 311 days 20 hours (1991), "Ozon-2" / "Donbas-2"
- 8 days 7 hours 9 minutes (1994)
- 11 days 19 hours 18 minutes (1998)
- 140 days 23 h 39 min (2000)
On August 27, 1958, the future cosmonaut, Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev, was born in Leningrad. He graduated from secondary education in 1975, at the same time he received a specialty called "chemist-analyst-laboratory assistant". In 1977, Sergey got a job as a laboratory assistant, later - as a senior laboratory assistant at the Research Institute of the Mechanical Institute of Leningrad. In the same year, he began attending the DOSAAF flying club in Leningrad.
In 1980, Sergei Konstantinovich got a job at NPO Energia as part of undergraduate practice. Voenmekh graduated with honors in 1981 with a degree in Aircraft Design and Production. In the summer of 1981, he worked as an aircraft technician for the repair of aircraft and their engines at the Leningrad flying club. In September 1981, he became an engineer in one of the departments of NPO Energia. Compiled instructions for astronauts.
space training
June 7, 1983, after successfully passing medical examination, Sergey Krikalev was admitted to special training, and in 1985 he began general space training. In November 1986, he was accepted into the cosmonaut corps and officially qualified as a "test cosmonaut". For the next two years, Sergey Krikalev is being trained under the Buran program. Since 1988, he has been training for the role of an onboard engineer of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft.
The first flight
On November 26, 1988, the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft went to the Mir orbital complex as part of the fourth main expedition, as well as under the international Soviet-French program Aragats. In addition to Krikalev, the crew included commander Alexander Volkov and French cosmonaut-researcher Jean-Loup Chretien.
It is noteworthy that at the launch of the spacecraft, a concert of the popular band Pink Floyd was held. In addition, the band's album, Delicate Sound of Thunder, was placed aboard the ship and became the first rock album to be played in space.
During the stay of cosmonaut Krikalev on board the station, the crew of the 3rd and 4th expeditions conducted more than 5000 different experiments in various scientific fields: biology, medicine, technology and materials science. However, the vast majority of experiments were on the topic of astronomy and astrophysics. An extensive spectral observation of cosmic bodies was carried out, starting from the Earth's atmosphere and ending with the Small Magellanic Cloud.
On April 27, 1989, the Soyuz TM-7 descent vehicle delivered the spacecraft's crew to Earth. Cosmonaut Krikalev was awarded the title of Hero of the USSR.
Since November 1990, Sergei Konstantinovich has been training under the Soviet-Japanese flight program to the Mir station, and since December - the Soviet-British program.
Second flight
On May 18, 1991, flight engineer Sergei Krikalev, British cosmonaut-researcher Helen Sharman and commander of the Soyuz TM-12 spacecraft Anatoly Artsebarsky set off into Earth orbit.
Helen Sharman spent only a week at the Mir station, during which time she performed several biological and chemical experiments, and also conducted several lessons for British schoolchildren. In addition to a number of experiments conducted by the station crew, Sergei Krikalev performed seven spacewalks from two to seven hours. During his work outside the station, Sergei Konstantinovich, together with other cosmonauts, completed the replacement of the antenna, the installation of a laser reflector, a folding truss, a new engine mast, and also carried out two tests of the SOFORA mast. Two subsequent space missions were canceled due to limited funding, leaving Sergey Krikalev in orbit six months longer than planned.
In total, cosmonaut Krikalev spent 311 days in Earth orbit. He received the honorary title Hero of the Russian Federation.
In September 1992, Sergei Krikalev was accepted into the American crew of the Discovery STS-60 shuttle, as the first Russian cosmonaut on the shuttle. Worked as a Mission Specialist.
Third flight
The Discovery STS-60 shuttle launched on February 3, 1994. The shuttle stayed in orbit for almost 8 days. During this time, many experiments have been carried out, including: imitation of small space objects for their detection using radars (ODERAX program), experiments in microgravity in the Spacehub module, growing films from semiconductor material in vacuum conditions using the WCF satellite. During most of the experiments, Sergei Krikalev operated a remote manipulator, which, for example, separated the WCF satellite from the shuttle.
For the next few years, cosmonaut Krikalev was trained for the next shuttle flights at the American Johnson Center. During four space shuttle missions, STS was the team leader in Houston on behalf of the Russian Mission Control Center. Since May 1995, Sergei Konstantinovich performed the tasks of the deputy head of the flight of the Mir station. Since 1996, he has been training for the role of an onboard engineer for the first expedition to the ISS. Due to the delay in flights to the ISS, cosmonaut Krikalev in 1998 began training for a flight on the Endeavor STS-88 shuttle.
Fourth flight
On December 4, 1998, Flight-4 Specialist Sergei Krikalev starts aboard the Endeavor STS-88 shuttle into Earth orbit. The crew was faced with the task of delivering and installing the American Unity module. The module was docked to the Russian ISS module Zarya. "Unity" became the basis for connecting the following space modules with the basis of the ISS. The module was also installed using the Canadarm robotic arm located on the Endeavor shuttle. Shuttle commander Robert Kabanoy and Russian cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev were the first to open the ISS hatch.
On December 16, 1998, cosmonaut Krikalev, together with the crew of the Endeavor shuttle, returned to Earth. After completing his fourth space flight, Sergei Konstantinovich continued to prepare for the flight to the ISS as part of the first main expedition.
Fifth flight
On October 31, 2000, the Soyuz TM-31 spacecraft went to dock with the ISS. The crew included commander Yuri Gidzenko, onboard engineer Sergei Krikalev and American second onboard engineer William Shepherd. The astronauts unloaded and installed a large number of scientific and technical equipment. The task of the team was to assemble essential equipment, as well as set up an internal computer network. This crew was the first to have a long stay on the ISS. After staying at the station for more than four months, the crew returned home.
For the next five years, cosmonaut Krikalev is preparing for his next visit to the ISS, first on the shuttle, and after the suspension of all shuttle flights, on the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft.
Sixth flight
On April 15, 2005, the commander of the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft, cosmonaut Krikalev, as well as onboard engineers John Phillips (USA) and Roberto Vittori (Italy) launched from Baikonur towards the ISS. The Italian cosmonaut, representing ESA, stayed at the station for 10 days, after which he returned to Earth with the crew of Expedition 10 to the ISS. Phillips and Krikalev made up the 11th expedition, and stayed on board the station for almost half a year. During this time, the crew received two Progress-type cargo ships and the Discovery STS-114 shuttle.
On August 18, 2005, Sergei Krikalev made a five-hour spacewalk. On October 3, along with the next expedition, the American space tourist Gregory Olsen also arrived on board the ISS. On October 11, 2005, Olsen returned to Earth along with Krikalev and Phillips.
Sergey Krikalev became the first Russian cosmonaut to make 6 flights, as well as the record holder for the total duration of space missions - 803 days 9 hours and 38 minutes. In addition, he has 8 exits to the open space, with a total duration of 41 hours and 26 minutes.
Future life
After a successful career as an astronaut, Sergey Krikalev took up social activities. In addition to being the President of the Gliding Federation (1999-2007), Sergey Konstantinovich was also the Secretary of the Public Chamber of the Central Federal District in February 2012. In April 2014, he became the representative of the Governor of Sevastopol in the capital of the Russian Federation - Moscow, and in St. Petersburg.
His cosmic destiny is worthy of a thrilling novel or adventure film. In total, over six starts, he flew 803 days
The whole world knows him - he is almost as popular as the first astronaut Yuri Gagarin. Not only that Sergey Krikalev- a real space long-liver: on one of his trips to orbit, he had to spend a year in space instead of 5 months, and in total, during six launches, he “flew” 803 days. Krikalev is also a master of all trades, who impressed the American astronauts with his skills.
Sergei Krikalev was included in the 9th expedition, which launched from Earth to the Mir space station. The launch took place on May 19, 1991. On board were the commander of the ship - Anatoly Artsebarsky, flight engineer Sergey Krikalev and an astronaut from the UK Helen Sharman. A few days later, the British woman returned to Earth, she was taken by members of the previous crew.
Krikalev and Artsebarsky remained at the Mir station. They were serious scientific work, experimented, spacewalks were carried out several times. This was Krikalev's second flight.
In August, when it was time to return home, shocking news arrived from Earth. Soviet Union was no more. The budgets of space programs, which had previously spared no expense, were greatly reduced. However, the program of international space cooperation had to be carried out - the refusal of Russia's obligations to other countries was not allowed.
In order to somehow save money, instead of two ships - with crews from Kazakhstan and Austria - one was sent into orbit, uniting the crews. When returning in this ship, there was not enough space for Krikalev. The astronaut had to stay and wait for the next ship to arrive. This happened only six months later. Altogether Sergei Krikalev spent almost a year in space. The country failed to ensure his return in time. And when he finally returned in March 1992, he ended up in another country - not the one he left a year ago ...
For this long flight, Sergei Krikalev, who by that time was already a Hero of the Soviet Union, received the honorary title of Hero of Russia and the Gold Star medal. He is one of the few who holds both of these titles at the same time.
Russian "Kulibin"
Krikalev's career continued. In the fall of 1992, it was decided to include him in the US-Russian space expedition. He was the first Russian to fly with the Americans on a shuttle. The expedition started on February 3, 1994. The Discovery shuttle made 130 orbits around the Earth and landed in Florida on February 11, 1994.
During the flight, an emergency situation arose. The electronic life support system suddenly failed, and then the air duct failed. The Americans, strictly following the instructions received, reported the incident to Earth and began to wait for instructions.
Everyone was very nervous. Condensate began to accumulate in the air ducts, it slowly froze, it was necessary to urgently do something, but the Earth could not make a decision. Krikalev at first silently watched - after all, he was part of the American crew on the sidelines. When the situation approached critical, the Americans asked him: “What would you do?” Our cosmonaut shrugged his shoulders and replied: "I would fix it."
And fixed it. Without waiting for instructions from Houston. The astronauts were against it - they wanted to wait for help to come from Earth. But Sergei Krikalev did it his own way: he found the cause of the malfunction, restored and restarted the shuttle's complex instruments.
His decisive and professional actions were the cause of extreme surprise and admiration of the Americans: it would never have occurred to anyone that it was possible, without relying on help from the Mission Control Center, to fix the breakdown on their own.
Russian cosmonaut from "Armageddon"
The style of work of Sergey Krikalev, as well as his decisive character, made an indelible impression on the Americans - however, as well as on everyone else, when this became known. It is assumed that the prototype of the Russian cosmonaut Lev Andropov from the movie Michael Bay"Armageddon" to some extent became exactly Krikalev.
Of course, the image of Lev Andropov turned out to be grotesque and caricatured - a Russian cosmonaut, flying alone in a spaceship, wears a padded jacket and earflaps, is constantly drunk and unshaven, gives the impression of being insane, because he hits instruments with iron, opens the fuel supply system with a crowbar, and then and completely blows up the station. Ultimately, however, it is Andropov who saves the American astronauts - by tapping the shuttle's computer with a wrench and thus turning it on.
Today's work of Sergei Krikalev takes place on Earth. He is the first deputy general director of the Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering for manned programs. On August 27, 2018, he will turn 60 years old.
In February 1994, the first flight of a Russian cosmonaut on an American spacecraft took place. It was Sergei Krikalev's flight on the Discovery shuttle as part of the STS-60 space flight. In orbit, the shuttle's ventilation system failed. The Americans had clear instructions: to report to Earth about the breakdown and wait for instructions. While Houston was deciding what to do, the condensate accumulated in the air ducts began to freeze, something had to be done.
Krikalev did not want to interfere. When the astronauts asked: “What would you do?” - Sergey answered: "I would fix it." And then he took it and fixed it.
In December 1990, Krikalev began preparations for participation in the ninth expedition to the Mir station. Soyuz TM-12 was launched on May 19, 1991 with commander Anatoly Pavlovich Artsebarsky, flight engineer Krikalev and British astronaut Helen Sharman. A week later, Sharman returned to Earth with the previous crew, while Krikalev and Artsebarsky remained on Mir. During the summer, they carried out six spacewalks, while conducting numerous scientific experiments, as well as maintenance work on the station.
Before his second flight in May 1991, Sergei Krikalev could not have imagined that the events on Earth would make him a "cosmic long-liver." On May 19, 1991, as part of the Soyuz TM-12 crew, he launched to the Mir orbital station. The crew of the space expedition successfully completed all flight tasks and was about to return home. But the August events made their own adjustments to the flight plan. The collapse of the Soviet Union brought with it a chain of changes that were devastating for our country. The budgets of space programs have been significantly reduced, while obligations to other countries have not disappeared. According to the program of international cooperation, cosmonauts from Austria and Kazakhstan were supposed to go into space. It was planned that they would fly as part of different crews, but at that moment there was no money to launch two spacecraft. It was decided to combine the flights, and one spacecraft went into orbit, in which everyone did not get a place to return to Earth.
Krikalev is known and admired all over the world (in some countries there are entire museum stands dedicated to our cosmonaut). In 1998, the American director Michael Bay made the film "Armageddon", where the Russian cosmonaut Colonel Lev Andropov was shown in a caricature form, living alone on the space station (insane, unshaven, drunk, in a hat with earflaps and a quilted jacket, hitting instruments, opens the fuel supply valve with a crowbar, blows up the Mir space station) - however, in the end, it is he who, by his actions, saves all American astronauts by hitting the computer of the "non-starting" shuttle with a wrench. It is not at all necessary that Krikalev was taken as the basis of the character, of course, but there are too many coincidences.
In a training suit, June 30, 2004
Today Sergey Krikalev works as the first deputy general director of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering" for manned programs and is the most famous cosmonaut in the world, after Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin.
