Presentation agreement. Coordination of tenses in English The use of the tense of the verb-predicate in the subordinate clause depends on the tense of the verb-predicate in the main

CONSOLIDATION OF TIMES If in the main clause the verb-predicate is in one of the forms of the present or future tense, then the verb-predicate in the subordinate clause can be in any tense form that is required by the meaning: Does not say that he was busy yesterday. He says he was busy yesterday. Does not say that he will be busy tomorrow. He says he will be busy tomorrow. Does not say that he is busy. He says he's busy.

TIMING Sequence of Tenses. The time required by the meaning and situation (in direct speech) The time actually used in the subordinate clause (in indirect speech) Present IndefinitePast Indefinite Past IndefinitePast Perfect Present ContinuousPast Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present PerfectPast Perfect Past PerfectPast Perfect Present Perfect ContinuousPast Perfect Continuous Future IndefiniteFuture Indefinite in the Past

CONTROL OF TIMES 1. The action of the subordinate clause occurs simultaneously with the action of the main clause: in these cases, the verb of the subordinate clause is in the Simple Past or in the Past Continuous. (simultaneity) For example: I knew that he played tennis every day. I knew (that) he played tennis every day. I knew he was playing tennis and I didn't want to disturb him. I knew (that) he was playing tennis and I didn't want to disturb him.

CONTROL OF TIMES 2. The action of the subordinate clause precedes the action of the main clause: in such cases, the Past Perfect is used in the subordinate clause. (precedence) For example: I knew Bill hadn't read my letter yet. I knew (that) Bill had had not time to read my letter.

TIME CONTROL 3. The action of the subordinate clause refers to the future time, and the action of the main sentence - to the past; in the presence of a similar situation in the subordinate clause, the so-called. future in the past Future in the Past. (following) For example: I knew that Bill would come to me after 10 pm. I knew (that) Bill would come to see me after 10 P.M.

CONSOLIDATION OF TIMES In the following cases, the rule of tense coordination is not observed, i.e., regardless of the tense form of the verb - the predicate in the main clause in the subordinate clause, the verb - the predicate is used in any tense form that is required by meaning:

TIME CONTROL 1. If the predicate in the subordinate clause includes one of the following modal verbs: must, ought, should: I knew that he must come to the Academy by 3 o "clock. I knew that he should come to the academy by 3 hours.

TIME CONTROL 2. If the subordinate clause reports a well-known fact or an undeniable truth: The teacher told the pupils that Novosibirsk stands on the both banks of the river Ob. The teacher told the students that Novosibirsk is located on both banks of the Ob River.

TIME CONTROL 4. If the action of the subordinate clause precedes the action of the main clause, and the time of the relative clause is indicated exactly: I knew that she left Moscow in I knew that she left Moscow in 1945. But: I knew that she had left Moscow some years ago. I knew that she left Moscow several years ago.

TIME ALIGNMENT Present Tense Past Tense YesterdayThe day before/the previous day TodayThat day TomorrowThe following (next) day/a day later The day before yesterdayTwo days before The day after tomorrow Two days later Last weekThe week before/the previous day NowThen Next weekThe week after/the following week/a week later AgoBefore This/theseThat\those HereThere

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH 1. The comma after the words introducing direct speech, as well as the quotation marks that enclose direct speech, are omitted. If in words introducing direct speech, the verb to say is used without an addition indicating the person addressed with speech, then to say is preserved. If after to say there is an object (necessarily with the preposition to, for example - said to me), then to say is replaced by the verb to tell (hereinafter the object without the preposition to): He says, "Mary will do it." - He says: "Mary will do it." He says (that) Mary will do it. - He says Mary will do it. He says to me, "I know it." He tells me: "I know it." He tells me that he knows it. He tells me that he knows it. He said to me: "I have seen you somewhere." - He told me: "I saw it somewhere." He told me that he had seen me somewhere. - He told me that he saw me somewhere.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH 2. Personal and possessive pronouns of direct speech are replaced by meaning, as in Russian: He says, "I have your book." He says: "I have your book." He says that he has my book. He says he has my book. Mary says, "Peter has taken my dictionary." Mary says: "Peter took my dictionary." Mary says that Peter has taken her dictionary. Mary says that Peter took her dictionary.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH 3. If the introductory verb indirect speech(main clause), used in the present or future tense - Present Indefinite, Present Perfect, Future Indefinite, then the verb in indirect speech (subordinate clause) remains in the same tense as it was in direct speech: He says (has said, will say), "I sent them the catalog on Monday." - He says (said, will say): "I sent them a catalog on Monday." He says (has said, will say) that he sent them the catalog on Monday. He says (said, will say) that he sent them a catalog on Monday.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH 4. If the verb introducing indirect speech (main clause) is used in one of the past tenses, then the tense of the direct speech verb is replaced in indirect speech (subordinate clause) with another tense, according to the tense agreement rule.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH . The rest do not change during the transition to indirect speech: must, ought, etc. He said, "The contract will be signed in the evening." - He said: "The contract will be signed in the evening." He said that the contract would be signed in the evening - He said that the contract would be signed in the evening.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH The verb must is replaced in indirect speech by the verb had when must expresses the need to perform an action due to certain circumstances: She said, "I must send him a telegram at once." She said: "I must send him a telegram immediately." She said that she had to send him a telegram at once. She said she must send him a telegram immediately. When the verb must expresses an order or advice, the must remains unchanged: He said to her, "You must consult a doctor." He told her, "You should consult a doctor." He told her that she must consult a doctor. He told her that she should consult a doctor.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH The verbs should and ought do not change in indirect speech: She said to him, "You should (ought to) send them a telegram at once." She told him: "You should send them a telegram immediately." She told him that he should (ought to) send them a telegram at once. She told him that he should send them a telegram immediately.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH 1. When referring to indirect speech, special questions become additional subordinate clauses attached to the main one with the help of those interrogative words (pronouns or adverbs) that were used in the question itself. Typical question words in these questions are: who who, when when, where where, where, why why, which which, whose whose, etc.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Direct speech Indirect speech He asked me, "Who has come?" - He asked me: “Who came? » He asked me who had come. - He asked me who came. He asked, "When did you see him?" He asked: “When did you see him? » He asked when I had seen him. He asked when I saw him. He asked me, "Why have you come so late?" - He asked me: "Why did you come so late?" He asked me why I had come so late. He asked me why I came so late. I asked, "How long will it take you to get there?" “I asked, “How long will it take you to get there? » I asked him how long it would take him to get there. I asked him how long it would take him to get there. He asked me, "Where were you yesterday?" - He asked me: "Where were you yesterday?" He asked me where I had been the day before. He asked me where I was the day before. He asked me, "Who showed you my work?" - He asked me: “Who showed you my work?” He asked me who had shown me his work. - He asked me who showed me his work

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Direct speech Indirect speech "Do you know the boy?" I asked him. “Do you know the boy? ' I asked him. I asked him if he knew the boy. I asked him if he knew the boy. He asked, "Have you met my wife?" He asked: “Do you know my wife? » He asked if (whether) I had met his wife. He asked if I knew his wife. He asked me, "Will you be here tomorrow?" - He asked me: "Will you be here tomorrow?" He asked me whether (if) I should (or would) be there the next day. He asked me if I would be there the next day. He asked me, "Have you received our invoice?" - He asked me: “Have you received our invoice?” He asked me whether (if) I had received their invoice. He asked me if I received their invoice. She said, "Have you read the morning paper?" - She said: Have you read the morning paper? She asked whether (if) I read the morning paper. She asked if I had read the morning paper. I asked, "Do you understand now?" - I asked: Do you understand now? I asked him if he understood now. I asked him if he understood (this) now.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Short answers in indirect speech are conveyed by repeating an auxiliary or modal verb contained in a short direct answer. "Do you speak English?" - "You speak English? "Yes, I do. No, I don" t. - "Yes. No." I answered that I did. - I answered what I say. I answered that I didn't. I replied that I didn't. A short indirect answer is introduced by the union that, and the words yes and no are omitted. I asked him, "Will you go there?" - He answered, "Yes, I will. (No, I wont.)" - I asked him: "Will you go there?" - He replied: "Yes, I will go (No, I will not go)". I asked him whether he would go there. – He answered that he would (he wouldnt). I asked him if he would go there. - He replied that he would go (that he would not go).

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Imperative sentence Indirect orders and requests are introduced by verbs expressing a request: to ask to ask, to beg to ask, to beg, to implore to beg or command, order: to tell to say, command, order, to order to order, to allow, etc.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH "Object case with infinitive": a pronoun in the object case or a noun in the general case denotes the person to whom the request is made or the command + infinitive.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Direct Speech He said, "Stop the car." He said: "Stop the car." He told me to stop the car. He told me to stop the car. She said to him, "Come at five o" clock." - She told him: "Come at five o'clock." She told him to come at five o "clock. She told him to come at five o'clock. She said to me, "Open the window, please." - She told me: "Open the window, please." She asked me to open window. She asked me to open the window. I said to her, "Please bring me a glass of water." - I told her: "Please bring me a glass of water." I asked her to bring me a glass of water. I asked her to bring me a glass of water. She said to the boy, "Wait for me here." - She said to the boy: Wait for me here. She told the boy to wait for her there. She told the boy to wait for her there. The commander said to the sentry, "Take the prisoner away." - The commander said to the sentry: Take away the prisoner. The commander ordered sentry to take the prisoner away. - The commander ordered the sentry to take away the prisoner.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH The negative form of the verb in the imperative mood is replaced by the infinitive with the preceding particle not. He said to me, "Don"t go there." - He told me not to go there. - He told me not to go there. = He told me not to go there. She said to me, "Don't open the window, please." She told me: Please don't open the window. She asked me not to open the window. She asked me not to open the window.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH In Russian, the imperative mood is replaced in indirect speech by either an infinitive or a subordinate clause with the union to. AT English language the imperative mood is replaced in indirect speech only by the infinitive: She said to him, "Close the door." She told him, "Close the door." She told him to close the door. She told him to close the door. = She told him to close the door.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH It should be borne in mind that after the verbs to ask to ask, to tell, to order, to order, to order in English, an indirect object always follows, denoting the person to whom the request or order is addressed: I asked him to send off the letter. I asked him to send the letter. The captain ordered the sailors to discharge the steamer. The captain ordered the sailors to unload the ship. In Russian, after the corresponding verbs, such an addition may be absent: I asked to send a letter. The captain ordered the ship to be unloaded.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH If there is no noun or pronoun denoting the person to whom the order is addressed or request, then the imperative sentence can be conveyed by an object infinitive turnover. In this case, the infinitive is used in the passive voice. The commander said, "Take the prisoner away." - The commander said: Take the prisoner away. The commander ordered the prisoner to be taken away. - The commander ordered the prisoner to be taken away (or: ... so that the prisoner was taken away).

Types of subordination in the phrase: agreement, control, adjoining Epigraph to the lesson

• The ability of a word to communicate with other words is manifested in a phrase. Iraida Ivanovna Postnikova

• Indicate the type of subordination in the phrase THIS DOES NOT HAPPEN (sentence 11).
Answer: ____CONTROL__________________.

• subordinating relationship -
this is a connection that unites sentences or words, one of which is the main (subordinate), and the other is dependent (subordinate).
• The phrase -
this is a combination of two or more significant words related to each other in meaning and grammatically. Ancient Kursk, light the way, it's hard to convey
• In the phrase, the main (from which the question is asked) and the dependent (to which the question is asked) word is distinguished

• 1. The combination of an independent word with a service:
near the house, before a thunderstorm, let him sing
• 2. Combinations of words as part of phraseological units:
beat the buckets, play the fool, headlong
• 3. Subject and predicate:
The festival is underway. Kursk is becoming more beautiful.
• 4. Compound word forms:
lighter
• 5. Groups of words united by a coordinating link:
artist and local historian

Types of subordination in a phrase

Coordination

Control

adjoining

REMEMBER: 1. The method of communication is determined NOT by the main, but only by the dependent word! 2. It does not matter what question the dependent word in this phrase answers, it is important - what part of speech it is expressed! Coordination Coordination Management Management DIFFERENCE!

• When changing the form of the main word, the form of the dependent remains unchanged.
• Read a book
• reading a book

• When the form of the main word changes, the form of the dependent word changes.
• Interesting book
• interesting book

• Object infinitive (object) and goal infinitive (adverbial):
• one). The teacher advised us to read more.
• 2). He came to Moscow to study. Remember:
• “advised to read”, “came to study” - these are phrases with an adjoining connection!

• 1. HIMSELF - agreement (cf. by himself, by himself, etc.). HIS - R.P. personal pronoun OH.
• 2. CALLED HIM - management. ITS does not change when changing the main word (verb). HIS - V.P. personal pronoun OH.
• 3. HIS CLOAK - adjoining (!)
immutable possessive pronoun of the 3rd person.

• Word what can be significant (pronoun or adverb) or functional (conjunction or particle).
• In a sentence
What is he looking for in a distant country? find the phrase with the connection a) management (looking in the country) b) agreement: ( in a country far away)
• There is another phrase in the sentence, what type of connection does it have?
(what is looking for, management)

• Write out from the sentence a phrase with the connection AGREEMENT.
• I had to hire bulls to pull my cart up the mountain, because it was already autumn and sleet. (M.Yu. Lermontov)
• Write out from the sentence phrases with the connection MANAGEMENT.
• Ask someone where we should go.
• Write out from the sentence a subordinating phrase with the connection CONNECTION .
• We went out to Red Square, and Fedoseev was accompanied by the feeling that he was walking in familiar places. (E. Vorobyov)

Sections: Russian language

Class: 8

Goals and objectives of the lesson

• Activate the cognitive side of learning activities
• Develop skills for independent work with further self-examination
• Introduce the algorithm of actions and work out their sequence
• Maintain a positive attitude at work

The specifics of the work in the lesson

The lesson is designed for children with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, who, due to their characteristics, write extremely slowly. Therefore, all cards are filled with printed material as much as possible, students will have to perform a limited number of actions. In a secondary school, such cards may not be useful. But to facilitate verification and evaluation, it is more convenient to perform all practical work not in a notebook, but on leaflets.

Equipment

• presentation material
• Cards for self-study
• Table "Algorithm. I determine the type of subordinate relationship in the phrase"

Evaluation system for work in the lesson

For each independently and correctly completed task, the student receives points, which at the end of the lesson are summed up and converted into an assessment according to a scale known to the student in advance.

• "5" = 11 - 10 points
• "4" = 9 - 8 points
• "3" = 7 - 6 points

During the classes

I organizational moment

Welcome and readiness for the lesson

Checking the presence of the algorithm proposed in the previous lesson

II Warm-up

Can you think of any phrase according to this model, so that the type of connection in it is an adjunction:

• U::. +y:::

(To complete the task, you need to remember the material of the previous lesson: what part of speech should the dependent word be expressed when adjoining)

Answer: Get comfortable. (1 point)

III Work on the lesson material

All work goes on the background of the presentation slides. (Annex 6)

The meaning of many terms can be understood by thinking about their structure, because all morphemes in the Russian language are significant, that is, they have their own meaning. Let's try. (Slide 3-4)

Who can guess what will happen to the dependent word when the main one changes? (Slide 5)

Let's consolidate the theory by saying the rule / "In agreement with the change in the form of the main word, all forms of the dependent word also change, answering the question what?"/ (Slide 6)

Practical work. (Slide 7) We change the form of the main word and observe what will happen with the form of the dependent. Students work on cards. (Annex 2)- 2 points

Self-test. (Slide 8)

6. We have seen that the main and dependent word change together. Now we need to determine what part of speech the dependent word should be expressed. To do this, you need to remember what question it should answer. (Slide 9-10)

7. Work with the textbook. Let's make sure we did everything right. Textbook, p. 32, paragraph 1 and 2 of the rule, read it to yourself, formulate a theory question for a friend.

Possible answer:

• What part of speech is the main word in agreement?
• What happens to the dependent word when the main one changes?

8. Practical work (Slide 11-13)

9. Working with the algorithm. Let's make sure that this material is in our algorithm. (Annex 3)

10. Practical work (slide 14) with self-examination (slide 15). Students work on cards Appendix 4) - 4 points

IV Generalization of the material

• What type of subordination did we meet today?
• What question should the dependent word answer?
• What happens to it when the main one changes?

Let's do practical work (we will find two phrases in the sentence with the connection agreement) (Slide 16) - 4 points

In English, there is a rule for concordance (sequence) of tenses in complex sentences with subordinate clauses. It lies in the fact that the use of time verb-predicate in a subordinate clause depends on tense of the verb-predicate of the main clause. There is no tense agreement in Russian.

Additional subordinate clauses obey this rule, that is, those that answer the question What? What? Most often they are introduced by the union that -what, which is often omitted altogether. In English, unlike Russian, a comma is not used in this case.

This rule is strictly observed in cases of replacing direct speech with indirect speech, when in the main sentence the predicate is expressed by one of the verbs that introduce indirect speech: to say, to tellspeak, sayto askto ask, to answerreply, to declare declare etc.; and also when there are verbs in the main clause: to knowknow, to thinkthink, believe, to believebelieve, believe, to expectexpect, count, to promisepromise etc.

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Sorokoumova L.V., teacher of foreign languages, MOU "Secondary School No. 9", g.o. Saransk Coordination of tenses in English

The tense matching rule is especially difficult when the predicate of the main sentence is expressed by the verb in one of the forms of the past tense.

In this case, the present and future forms of verbs cannot be used in subordinate clauses, although we are talking about actions that are taking place in the present or will be done in the future.

If the verb in the main clause is in one of the past tenses, then the verb of the subordinate clause must be in one of the past tenses.

Three main options: 1. If the action in the subordinate clause occurs at the same time as the action in the main clause, then you need to use Past Simple or Past Continuous: They told us, “We are going to the library.” They told us: "We are going to the library." They told us they were going to the library. They told us they were going to the library.

2. If the action in the subordinate clause precedes the action in the main clause, then the verb in the subordinate clause is used in Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous: We were told, “It was raining a lot.” We were told: "There was a lot of rain." We were told that it had been raining a lot. We were told that there was a lot of rain.

3. If the action in the subordinate clause follows the action in the main clause, then one of the Future-in the-Past tenses should be used: She said: “I will try to get the highest mark on the exam.” She said, "I'll try to get the best mark on the exam." She said she would try to get the highest mark on the exam . She said she would try to get the best mark on the exam.

Future in the Past - future in the past tenses Future in the Past are used in subordinate clauses after the words said (that), told (that), thought (that), etc. The following tenses are distinguished Future in the Past: Simple Future in the Past Denotes actions in the future, perceived from the past: He said he would go to the dentist. He said he would go to the dentist. Continuous Future in the Past Indicates a process that will continue at a certain point in the future, perceived from the past: He was planning how he would be sipping cocktail on his vacation . He imagined how he would be sipping a cocktail on vacation. Perfect Future in the Past An action that will be completed by a certain point in the future, perceived from the past: We hoped we should have done our homework by midday . We hoped to have done our homework by noon. Perfect Continuous Future in the Past An extremely rare time that denotes a process that will begin and continue until a certain point in the future, perceived from the past: He told us he would have been working on the plant for 30 years next December. He told us that in December it will be 30 years since he worked at this plant

Table of tenses in English Time in direct speech Present Indefinite Present Continuous Р resent Perfect Р st Indefinite Р st Perfect Future Indefinite Time in indirect speech Past Indefinite Past С ntinuous Р st P e rfect Р ast Perfect Past Perfect Future Indefinite in the Р st

Exceptions: The time in the subordinate clause may remain unchanged if it contains the exact time: He told us , “I took part in the Moscow Olympic games in 1980.” He told us, "I took part in the 1980 Moscow Olympics." He told us he took part in the Moscow Olympic games in 1980. He told us that in 1980 he took part in the Moscow Olympic Games.

Or if we are talking about a well-known fact: Newton proved that bodies attract each other . Newton proved that bodies attract each other.

The rules for coordinating tenses are observed in subordinate clauses, including in indirect speech. In attributive, comparative, causal and other subordinate clauses, they do not work. Jim says (that) it is interesting (now). it was interesting (yesterday). it will be interesting (tomorrow). Jim said (that) it was interesting (now). it had been interesting (yesterday). it would be interesting (tomorrow).

Direct Speech Indirect Speech this, these now here today tomorrow the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday ago that, those then, at that moment there that day the next day two days later in two days the day before two days before before

The material for the presentation is taken from the site http://www.native-english.ru/grammar/sequence-of-tenses

The Sequence of Tenses:

The Reported Speech

Prepared by English teacher Shilo M.A.

Kursk, 2015

General Rules

1) Changes in tense forms occur when the author's words are in the past tense (Past Simple).

2) When translating direct speech into indirect, personal, possessive and indirect pronouns change:

Direct Speech

My/your (mine/yours)

Our/your (ours/yours)

Reported Speech

His/her (his/hers)

Their (theirs)

3) When translating direct speech into indirect speech, the circumstances of time and demonstrative pronouns change:

Direct Speech

Reported Speech

Today/tonight

Tomorrow

Yesterday

This (morning)

(A week) ago

Last (week)

next (week)

Then/at the moment

That day/night

The next day/the following day

The day before/the previous day

That (morning)

(A week)before

The (week) before/The previous week

The following (week)

Reported Command and Request

1) To convey an indirect demand or request, verbs are used: ask, tell (somebody), command, order, recommend, advise.

2) The verb in the imperative mood in direct speech takes the form infinitive with particle to in indirect .

Ex: The teacher asked: open your books, please. - The teacher asked to open the books

3) The negative form of the imperative mood in indirect speech loses the auxiliary verb Do

Ex: Nelly said: Children, don't open window! - Nelly told the children not to open the window.

Use the Reported Command or Request

1) "Sit down, please."

The teacher told his pupils_________________________ down.

2) "Don't play with my toys!"

He asked his little brother ____________________ with _____ toys.

3) "Give me the book, please."

Ann told her daughter ____________________________ the book.

4) "Don"t open the window now."

Granny advised them ________________the window at the moment.

5) Be Quiet!

The policeman told them_____________________quiet.

Reported positive and negative statements

1) To convey affirmative and negative sentences in indirect speech, verbs are most often used: said (something), told (somebody) + that

Ex: She said that she was a teacher. She told me that she liked cats.

It is possible to introduce indirect speech using verbs: replied, explained, reported, informed, answered, promised, derclared etc.

Ex: He replied that he had done the work. They explained that they were reading at that moment. She reported that the article had been written.

2) When translated into indirect speech, the form of the verb changes:

Direct Speech

Reported Speech

Present Simple: V/Vs/

don "t V/doesn" t V

past simple: Ved/V2/

ex: I like it.

ex: She said that she liked it.

He doesn't read books.

Present continuous:

am/is/are (not) Ving

He said he didn't read books.

Past Continuous:

was/were (not) Ving

ex: Nelly is dancing .

They are not jumping.

Present Perfect:

have/has (not) V3

ex: She said Nelly was dancing .

She said they weren't jumping .

Past perfect:

ex: I have seen him.

It hasn't eaten yet.

Present Perfect Continuous:

have/has (not) been Ving

ex: He said that he had seen him.

ex: She has been crying for 2 hours.

He said that it hadn't eaten yet.

Past Perfect Continuous:

had (not) been Ving

We haven't been reading the book since morning.

ex: They said that she had been crying for 2 hours.

They said that they hadn't been reading since morning.

Direct Speech

Present Simple: V/Vs/

don "t V/doesn" t V

Present continuous:

am/is/are (not) Ving

Present Perfect:

have/has (not) V3

Present Perfect Continuous:

have/has (not) been Ving

past simple:

Ved / V2 / didn't V

Past Continuous:

was/were (not) Ving

Reported Speech

past simple: Ved/V2/

Past Continuous:

was/were (not) Ving

Past perfect:

Past Perfect Continuous:

had (not) been Ving

Future-in-the-Past:

past perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

had (not) been Ving

Past perfect: Had (not)V3

Past Perfect Continuous:

had (not) been Ving

But: Past perfect: Had (not)V3

Past Perfect Continuous:

had (not) been Ving

Direct Speech

Reported Speech

ex: She will play tennis.

Future-in-the-Past:

I won't watch TV.

past simple:

Ved / V2 / didn't V

ex: She said she would play tennis.

He said he wouldn't watch TV.

past perfect

ex: She lived here.

He didn't write the letter.

Past Continuous:

was/were (not) Ving

ex: She said she had lived there.

ex: I was having lunch at that moment.

He said he hadn't written it.

Past Perfect Continuous

had (not) been Ving

They were not reading at 4 o "clock yesterday.

ex: He said that he had been having lunch at that moment.

But: Past perfect: Had (not)V3

She said that they hadn't been reading at 4 o "clock the day before.

Past perfect: Had (not)V3

ex: They said he had (not) done his work by 6 o "clock.

ex: He had (not) done his work by 6 o "clock.

Past Perfect Continuous:

had (not) been Ving

Past Perfect Continuous:

had (not) been Ving

ex: You had (not) been crying when I came.

ex: He said she had (not) been crying when he came.

Choose the correct variant in the Reported Speech

1) She reads very well."

a) reads b) to read c) read d) has read

2) Sam said: I have already been to London."

a) I had been b) he had been c) he was d) he had been

3) Two brothers said: “ We didn't go to school last year.

a) they didn't go b) they didn't go c) they hadn't gone d) we hadn't gone

4) The boy said: " I was playing

a) he had been playing b) I had been playing c) he played d) he had played

5) Our parents said: “ We won't be at home in the evening tomorrow.”

a) they won't be b) we wouldn't be c) we wouldn't were d) they wouldn't be

Check your answers

1) She reads very well."

The teacher told his pupils that she read very well.

2) " I have already been to London."

Sam said that he had already been to London.

3) " We didn't go to school last year.

The brothers told the teacher that they had not gone to school the year before.

four) " I was playing the piano at 6 o "clock yesterday."

The boy said that he had been playing the piano at 6 o "clock the day before.

5) " We won't be at home in the evening tomorrow."

Our parents said that they wouldn't be at home in the evening the next day.

Reported Questions

1) Indirect questions are introduced using verbs: asked, wondered, wanted to know, inquired etc.

ex: Mary wanted to know if her friend was at home.

2) In indirect questions we use direct word order in both affirmative and negative sentences.

Ex : They asked where she had gone .

3) Auxiliary verbs disappear in indirect questions do, does , did , and the predicate changes its form in accordance with the tenses.

ex: « Did he meet her in Moscow?” - I asked if he had met her in Moscow.

4) Common questions are joined with a union if .

ex: Is she doing her homework now? - mother asked if she was doing her homework at that moment.

5) Special questions are joined by the interrogative word with which the direct question was built

ex: « why have you left the room?” - they wondered why she had left the room.

Correct the mistakes

My friend asked if he is a student at the University.

2) "How old are you, Mary?"

tom wondered how old was Mary .

Ann wanted to know if Ben watched the match the day before .

The policeman asked what he had done there at midnight two days before.

The librarian wondered he really liked the book.

Check your answers

1) "Is he a student at the University?"

My friend asked if he was a student at the University.

2) "How old are you, Mary?"

tom wondered how old Mary was .

3) "Did you watch the match yesterday, Ben?"

Ann wanted to know if he had watched the match the day before .

4) "What was he doing there at midnight 2 days ago?"

The policeman asked what he had been doing there at midnight two days before.

5) "Does he really like the book?"

The librarian wondered if he really liked the book.

revision

She asked ______________________________________ the keys.

2) "Don't go away, Tom!"

She asked Tom ______________________________ away.

Ann said that ___________________________________ German _________ year.

The teacher wondered _______________________________ so late ____________________.

He said that she __________________________________ the rule.

Check your answers

1) "Have you got the keys, Alex?"

She asked if he had got the keys.

2) "Don't go away, Tom!"

She asked Tom not to go away.

3) "I have been learning German this year."

Ann said that she had been learning German that year.

4) “Why were you so late yesterday, boys?”

The teacher wondered why they had been so late the day before .

5) "She doesn't understand the rule."

He said that she didn't understand the rule.

Thank you for your attention!

We'll be glad to see you next time!