What does the expression Kazan orphan mean. Why is an orphan always from Kazan? (Origin of famous expressions)

Kazan (Kazan) orphan Razg. Iron. A person who, wanting to pity someone, pretends to be unhappy, offended, helpless. - There is nothing to sing Lazarus! Flenushka interrupted him. - How to eat a real Kazan orphan! No, dear friend, you will not pity me!(Melnikov-Pechersky. In the forests). - Originally: about the Tatar mirzas (princes), who, after the conquest of the Kazan kingdom by Ivan the Terrible, tried to receive all kinds of indulgences from the Russian tsars, complaining about their bitter fate. Lit.: Dictionary Russian language / Edited by prof. D. N. Ushakova. - M., 1940. - T. 4. - S. 192.

Phraseological dictionary of Russian literary language. - M.: Astrel, AST. A. I. Fedorov. 2008 .

See what the "Kazan (Kazan) orphan" is in other dictionaries:

Kazan (Kazan) orphan- Razg. A person who pretends to be unhappy, offended, helpless, etc., in order to arouse the sympathy of compassionate people. FSRYA, 425; BMS 1998, 524–525; FM 2002, 432; Mokienko 1986, 33 ...

orphan- s; pl. orphans and (colloquial) orphans; m. and w. 1. A child, a teenager who has lost one or both parents. Early became an orphan. She grew up as an orphan. I have neither father nor mother, I am with. Round (round) with. (without father and mother). // About a lonely person, ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

ORPHAN- Kazan (Kazan) orphan. Razg. A person who pretends to be unhappy, offended, helpless, etc., in order to arouse the sympathy of compassionate people. FSRYA, 425; BMS 1998, 524–525; FM 2002, 432; Mokienko 1986, 33. To live as a Kazan orphan. Sib. To be… … Big dictionary of Russian sayings

orphan- s, pl. orphans, m. and f. 1. A child, a teenager who has lost one or both parents. Only I, the poor, on my feet became an orphan was left without a mother. I. Nikitin, For what kind of guilt and misfortune. [Upmanis:] You are an orphan. You have no father or mother. You would die with... Small Academic Dictionary

ORPHAN- ORphan, orphans, pl. orphans (orphans of the region), male. and wives. A child or minor whose father and mother or one of whose parents have died. Round orphan (see round). Stay orphaned. ❖ Kazan or Kazan orphan (colloquial ironic) person, ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

orphan- Kazan or Kazan orphan (colloquial iron.) A person pretending to be unhappy, trying to pity someone. their imaginary hardships [from the former Tatar mirzas from Kazan, who, after its conquest, enjoyed the favors of the Moscow tsars]. Not … Phraseological dictionary of the Russian language

Kazan- oh, oh. Pertaining to Kazan, located in it. Kazan orphan ... Dictionary of many expressions

Kazan- oh, oh. adj. to Kazan. ◊ Kazan (Kazan) orphan about a person pretending to be unhappy in order to pity someone. There is no point in singing Lazarus! .. Flenushka interrupted him. How there is a real Kazan orphan! .. No, my dear friend, I’m not ... ... Small Academic Dictionary

complain about life- ▲ complain in (direction), a person's life complain about fate. ooh sigh. nagging. whine. whining. whine. whimper. whine. dissolve nurses. cry. cry [cry. owls / nesov] in a vest to whom (colloquial). sing lazarus. | sprinkle your head... Ideographic Dictionary of the Russian Language

KAZAN- husband, Tatar. (why the name of the city) boiler, esp. a large, smeared or mortgaged boiler; distilling boilers are called cauldrons, also flat, copper boilers in wax slaughterhouses, etc. Kazanok, Kazan, cauldron. Kazan bukhma kaz, dumplings. Kazan kabav ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Let's figure out where this phrase first appeared " Orphan of Kazan". If there are no questions with the word "orphan", then the word "Kazan" is puzzling. Why exactly "Kazan" and not, for example, "Tula", "Voronezh" or "Vladivostok"?
It turns out that all the answers are hidden in the history of the Russian Empire. A long time ago, back in 16 century, when the autocrat Ivan 4 ruled in Rus', the city of Kazan belonged to the Kazan Khanate. This rich city was ruled by special people who were called Murza.
When Ivan the Terrible decided to deal with this small khanate at his side and sent an army there, then the khanate was finished once and for all.
However, the Murzas remained, who were accustomed to eat deliciously and sleep sweetly. they went to the capital and begged for all sorts of benefits and other preferences for themselves, while constantly complaining about their poor life, their bitter fate, the fact that their children were starving. Thus, they tried to arouse pity from the king and many of them succeeded.
The people quickly noticed all these begging and humiliation and gave these murazs an apt nickname " Orphan of Kazan".

Approximately one hundred years after the events described in 17 century, when Aleksey Mikhailovich ruled on the throne of the Russian state, most high-ranking Tatars changed their faith. It must be admitted that they changed not because they realized it, but because they were quite generously rewarded for changing their faith. Researchers of Russian history find many examples when these crafty and cunning murzas, rubbing themselves into trust, were rewarded with horses, velvet, satin, fur coats, goblets, pearls, and so on. Such concern for an alien tribe is easily explained. Moreover, such a policy made it possible to make the majority of noble Tatars loyal to the new government.

However, unlike democratic Western countries, which would cut all Tatars to the root, the policy of the Russian state towards small peoples, which allows them to have their own faith and their own language, is much more beneficial. That is why " Orphans of Kazan"which at first glance should be completely exterminated, now live in Russian Federation and do not experience any harassment.

“And it’s a no-brainer” - this expression became famous thanks to Mayakovsky’s poem (“It’s clear even to a hedgehog - / This Petya was a bourgeois”). It appeared in Soviet boarding schools for gifted children. They recruited teenagers who had two years left to study (grades A, B, C, D, E) or one year (grades E, F, I). The students of the one-year stream were called “hedgehogs”. When they came to the boarding school, two-year students were already ahead of them in a non-standard program, so at the beginning of the school year, the expression "no brainer" was very relevant.

In the 19th century, gamblers resorted to tricks: during the game, with the help of a special adhesive composition, they applied additional points (red or black signs) from powder to the cards, and if necessary, they could erase these points. This is where the expression "to rub glasses" comes from, meaning to present something in a favorable light.

Whipping boys in England and other European countries of the 15th - 18th centuries were called boys who were brought up with princes and received corporal punishment for the fault of the prince. The effectiveness of this method was no worse than the direct flogging of the culprit, since the prince did not have the opportunity to play with other children, except for the boy, with whom he had a strong emotional connection.

Tyutelka is a diminutive of the dialectal tyutya (“hit, hit”), the name of an exact hit with an ax in the same place during carpentry work. Today, to denote high accuracy, the expression "tutelka in tyutelka" is used.

Previously, the nose was called not only part of the face, but also a tag that they carried with them and on which they put notches to account for work, debts, etc. Thanks to this, the expression "hack on the nose" arose. In another sense, a bribe, an offering, was called a nose. The expression "to stay with the nose" meant to leave with an unaccepted offering, without an agreement.

After the ancient doctors discovered the nerves in the human body, they named them by their resemblance to the strings of musical instruments with the same word - nervus. From this came the expression for annoying actions - "play on the nerves."

Today in French in everyday life, the word assiette means "plate". However, earlier, no later than in the XIV century, it meant "the seating of guests, their location at the table, that is, near the plates." Then, with the expansion of the circle of connections, assiette became "the location of the military camp" and then the city. In the 17th century the word absorbed all the “concretenesses” of possible “positions” and began to denote any “position” in general ... In the same century, assiette also had a figurative meaning - “a state of mind”. Russian bars, who spoke and even thought in French, apparently did not really care about the accuracy of the Russian language, and even in the 18th century. in their own way they “translated” the French turnover: instead of “position”, the Russian phraseological unit from the original language got ... “not one’s own plate”. It is thanks to their negligence that such a beautiful figurative expression appeared in the Russian language!

After the capture of Kazan, Ivan the Terrible, wanting to bind the local aristocracy to himself, rewarded high-ranking Tatars who voluntarily came to him. Many of them, in order to receive rich gifts, pretended to be heavily affected by the war. This is where the expression "Kazan orphan" came from.

TO PASS WITH THE RED THREAD

By order of the English Admiralty, since 1776, in the production of ropes for the navy, a red thread must be woven into them so that it cannot be removed even from a small piece of rope. Apparently, this measure was intended to reduce the theft of ropes. This is where the expression “pass like a red thread” about the main idea of ​​the author throughout the entire literary work comes from, and Goethe was the first to use it in the novel “Elective Affinity”.

In the pre-revolutionary alphabet, the letter D was called "good". The flag corresponding to this letter in the code of signals of the navy has the meaning "yes, I agree, I allow." This is what led to the emergence of the expression "give good."

Beluga whale The silent beluga fish has nothing to do with the expression "beluga roar", which means screaming loudly and strongly, crying. Previously, beluga was called not only fish, but also a toothed whale, which today is known to us as a beluga whale and is distinguished by a loud roar.

BLUE BLOOD

The Spanish royal family and nobility prided themselves on the fact that, unlike the common people, they traced their ancestry to the West Goths and never mixed with the Moors who entered Spain from Africa. Unlike the dark-skinned commoners, blue veins stood out on the pale skin of the upper class, and therefore they called themselves sangre azul, which means "blue blood". Hence, this expression for the designation of the aristocracy penetrated into many European languages, including Russian.

In ancient Rus', kalachi was baked in the shape of a castle with a round bow. Citizens often bought kalachi and ate them right on the street, holding this bow, or handle. For reasons of hygiene, the pen itself was not used for food, but was given to the poor or thrown to be eaten by dogs. According to one version, they said about those who did not disdain to eat it: it reached the handle. And today the expression “to reach the handle” means to completely sink, to lose human appearance.

SPREAD BY THOUGHT THROUGH THE TREE

In the “Tale of Igor's Campaign” one can find the lines: “Boyan the prophetic, if someone wanted to compose a song, his mind spread over the tree, gray wolf on the ground, like a gray eagle under the clouds. Translated from Old Russian, "mys" is a squirrel. And because of a mistranslation, in some editions of the Lay, a playful expression appeared, “to spread thought along the tree,” which means to go into unnecessary details, to be distracted from the main idea.

“Skeleton in the closet” is an English expression that means a certain hidden fact of the biography (personal, family, corporate, etc.), which, if made public, can cause significant damage to reputation. The appearance of the expression is associated with medicine. Doctors in Britain were not allowed to work on dead bodies until 1832. And the only bodies available for autopsy for medical purposes were those of executed criminals. Although the execution of criminals was by no means uncommon in 18th-century Britain, it was unlikely that a particular doctor would have many corpses in his possession over his career history. For this reason, it was common practice for a doctor, who had the good fortune to dissect the corpse of an executed criminal, to keep the skeleton for research purposes. Public opinion at the same time, it did not allow doctors to keep the skeletons in sight, so they were forced to keep them away from prying eyes. For this reason, many suspected that doctors kept skeletons somewhere, and one of these places could be a closet.

Do you know, my dear readers, the meaning of the idiom "Kazan orphan"? You must have heard this expression! Or maybe they themselves used it in speech, addressing someone with irony?

Let's find out together with you the origin of this phrase. After all, sometimes it happens that you know the meaning and meaning, you understand its definition and what it means. But it would be interesting to know what exact historical origin the expression "Kazan orphan", where it came from.

If everything is more or less clear with the first word from this catch phrase, then with the second it is somehow not very clear. Why is the orphan Kazan, and not Moscow or, for example, Krasnodar? Are there some special orphans in Kazan, or what? 😆

Questions, questions ... And there are answers to them too, and even a few. And they are all connected with the history of the Russian state, with Russian rulers.

The first version is the most common and plausible. As a result of only the fifth attempt, Ivan-4 managed to take the city of Kazan, the capital of the Kazan Khanate. Even from the defeat, the defeated Tatar princes - the Murzas - decided to extract more benefits for themselves.

Having already once received material gifts from the king for their humility and obedience, some of them regularly sought royal audiences. Exposing themselves as very unhappy and impoverished, while complaining about their hard life, which was, of course, not true, they begged for additional favors.

Some openly flattered the king, and some voluntarily converted to Christianity, as this was encouraged by rich gifts and high positions. It was precisely such hypocritical “poor people” and such complainers that the people called Kazan Orphans in mockery.

From there it went: those who call themselves poor, destitute, constantly complain about their hard lot in the hope of getting some benefit for themselves, but, in fact, they are not, they are called an orphan, and even a Kazan orphan.

Most often, this expression is used with sarcasm.

Version number 2. How they profited from someone else's misfortune

There is another way to explain this, in general, common phraseological unit. Here, too, Ivan-4 could not do without. After the Russian Tsar nevertheless managed to destroy the Kazan Khanate and capture its capital, he showed everyone his temper. Not in vain, nevertheless, Terrible was called formidable.

A few days after Kazan began to belong to the Russians, by order of the tsar, an old arba, a cart, was rolled out to the central square of the city. The entire male population of the city was forced to pass by this cart.

The condition was this: someone who was taller than the wheel of this wagon, which means he was already an adult who could well participate in the battle against the Russian troops and defend the city, was immediately executed, beheaded. The city was drowning in blood. Only women, old people and children without fathers, orphans survived.

And then the king punished them so that they would go and tell everywhere about the fall of the khanate. And so the children walked in groups of several people, telling everyone about who they were and where they came from, begging for alms. This is how the expression came about. Seeing the poor, hungry children, people said: "This is an orphan of Kazan." Naturally, they took pity on the children, helped them, gave them food and clothes.

But over time, people began to speculate on this and, together with, indeed, Kazan orphans, they all went and begged for alms - both Kazan and non-Kazan, while telling fictitious "compassionate" stories.

The people found out about this, and the attitude changed. After that, with a mockery, they began to say: “There is an orphan of Kazan coming,” which means a deceiver, a rogue. Does it remind you of our days in some way? The world has changed little over the centuries... 😀

Version number 3. Not a Kazan orphan, but the Russian Empress!

There is another version, something like a historical anecdote. Another crowned person is already participating here: Ekaterina-2. If you tell briefly, you get such a story of the origin of this, in general, common phraseological unit.

The empress, who arrived in Kazan, was greeted with numerous gifts and honors. To which she allegedly said: “You meet me with such pomp, as if I myself had nothing. As if I were an orphan from Kazan.

By the way, the memory of this visit to the royal person has been preserved in Kazan for many centuries. Until now, the museums of the city have many items in memory of this event.

One of these historical exhibits is the carriage of Empress Catherine II. The original is kept in the museum, but a life-size copy is now available to anyone. It is located on the famous Bauman pedestrian street in Kazan, where everyone can feel like a king or queen by taking a picture while sitting in the "royal" seat.

These are the options for what the expression means and why they say “Kazan orphan” so. But to choose - what to believe and what not - it's up to you.

Well, if you are going to Kazan, the capital of Tatarstan, then you will definitely not regret the days spent here. will not leave anyone indifferent. There are a great many of them, and they can satisfy any interests of the tourist. Those places where I managed to visit are marked on this map.

Or maybe you have other information: where did this expression come from, what events preceded its occurrence. Write about it in your comments. I will be very happy and grateful.

Why is an orphan always from Kazan? (Origin of famous expressions)

The ancient Jews had a rite of absolution. The priest laid both hands on the head of a live goat, thus as if shifting the sins of the whole people onto it. After that, the goat was driven out into the wilderness. This is where the term "scapegoat" comes from.

The expression "to fill in on the first day" came from the old school, where students were flogged every week, regardless of whether it was for something or not. And if the mentor overdoes it, then the spanking was enough for a long time, until the first day of the next month.

From there, the expression "prescribe Izhitsa." The traces of flogging in known places of negligent students were very similar to this letter.

The expression “topsy-turvy” is associated with a once very shameful punishment: in the time of Ivan the Terrible, a delinquent boyar was put back to front on a horse in clothes turned inside out and in this form, disgraced, was driven around the city to the whistle and ridicule of the crowd.

"Way" in Rus' was called not only the road, but also various positions at the prince's court. The falconer's path is in charge of princely hunting, the trapping path is dog hunting, the equerry's path is carriages and horses. To get a “way”, that is, a position, they tried by hook or by crook. And those who did not succeed were said with disdain about those: an unlucky person.

The expression "Kazan orphan" appeared after the conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible. Mirzas (Tatar princes), being subjects of the Russian Tsar, tried to beg him for various indulgences, complaining about their orphanhood and bitter fate.

The expression "lead by the nose" is associated with fairground entertainment. The gypsies led the bears by wearing a nose ring. And they forced them to do tricks, but they did not give treats.

There is nothing bloodthirsty in the expression "to chop on your nose." The “nose” was a tablet or stick carried with them, on which illiterate people made notes or notches for themselves as a keepsake.

"Goal like a falcon" is usually said about someone very poor. However, the falcon is not naked at all! "Falcon" was the name of an old military ramming gun. It was a completely smooth ("bare") cast-iron blank, fixed on chains.


Lyasy (balusters) are chiseled curly columns of railings at the porch. Only a real master could make such beauty. So, at first, “sharpening balusters” meant having an elegant, whimsical, ornate (like balusters) conversation. But the craftsmen to conduct such a conversation over time became less and less.

In the old days, trained bears were taken to fairs. They were accompanied by a dancer boy dressed up as a goat, and a drummer accompanying his dance. It was, indeed, a goat drummer. Sometimes it happened that for worthlessness he was removed from the business, and he became a retired goat drummer.