Church on Sparrow Hills address. Church of the Life-Giving Trinity on Sparrow Hills

Belongs to the Mikhailovsky deanery of the Moscow diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. The main throne is consecrated in honor of the Holy Trinity; aisles - in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and St. Sergius of Radonezh.

In 1937, in connection with the closure of the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Troitskoye-Golenishchevo, antimensions from the aisles of St. Jonah and torment. Agapia were transferred to the Church of the Holy Trinity on the Sparrow Hills, and in the main altar (and now in the refectory) a side altar of St. Jonah, Metropolitan of Moscow.

Story

The Trinity Church on Sparrow Hills is connected with the history of the ancient palace village of Vorobyovo, known from the chronicles since the 50s of the 15th century, when it was bought by Princess Sofya Vitovtovna, wife of the Moscow Grand Duke Vasily I.

The village belonged to the descendants of the Moscow boyar Yuri Vorobyov, who in 1352 was sent by the Grand Duke Simeon the Proud to Tsargrad for approval for the Moscow metropolitan see of St. Alexis, the boyar family of the Vorobyovs, after whom the village was named.

The mention of Vorobyov as a village suggests that even then there was an Orthodox church here.

Trinity Church is mentioned in 1644 as a very ancient church in the village of Vorobyovo. Previously, there were 2-3 more palace churches, which were later dismantled, and instead of them a single Trinity Church with side altars was built.

By the end of the 1790s, the temple was badly dilapidated and, by order of Catherine the Great, was dismantled.

The current building of the temple began to be built in 1811 in the Empire style - late classicism, designed by architect A.L. Vitberg: quadrangular in plan, with portals decorated with columns, single-dome, with a two-tiered bell tower.

In 1812, M. I. Kutuzov prayed here in front of the council in Fili. The building survived during the Napoleonic invasion. Construction was completed in 1813. The temple was renovated twice: in 1858-61 and in 1898.

In Soviet times, the temple was threatened with closure several times. For the first time in the late 1920s, when the issue of building the Palace of Soviets was discussed, at one time it was supposed to be located on the Sparrow Hills (renamed in 1935 to the Lenin Hills).

According to the General Plan for the Socialist Reconstruction of Moscow in 1935, the Lenin Hills were to become the final part of the main thoroughfare of the city - Ilyich Avenue. However, the plans were not destined to come true. And even the decree on the prohibition of bell ringing throughout Moscow did not affect the Trinity Church, since at that time it was outside the city limits. The temple was not closed at the end of the 40s in connection with the construction of a new building of Moscow State University.

In 1964 and 1971, the external renovation was carried out in the church, in 1971-72 - internal repairs.

The church was repeatedly visited by Vladimir Putin: in 2000, while serving as Acting President of Russia, he visited the temple during Christmas, in 2004 he attended a litia for those who died during the terrorist attack in Beslan, in 2011 - at a memorial service for those who died in the terrorist attack in Domodedovo , and in September 2014 he lit a candle "for those who suffered while protecting people in Novorossia."

The Church of the Life-Giving Trinity on Sparrow Hills belongs to the monuments of cultural heritage of federal significance in the city of Moscow in accordance with the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR of 04.12.1974 N 624 and the order of Rosokhrankultura of 28.12.2010 N 472.

The completion of the construction of the Trinity Church is sometimes attributed to Dr. Fyodor Gaaz. He wanted the inmates of the local transit prison to be able to attend the temple. The stone church was placed next to the predecessor, in place of the altar of which there is a white stone monument crowned with a cross.

On the eve of the famous council in Fili, Kutuzov prayed here, and the fire of 1812 bypassed the temple.

The Trinity Church, far from the center, survived and was not closed during the Soviet era. Its ancient interior remained untouched, and during the period of the prohibition of bell ringing in Moscow, the bells continued to ring in the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity on Sparrow Hills.

In 1937, in connection with the closure of the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Troitskoye-Golenishchevo, the antimensions from the chapels of St. Jonah and the martyr Agapius were transferred to the temple on Sparrow Hills. Also, a reliquary with particles of the relics of Saints Mitrofan of Voronezh, Alexy Mechev and Blessed Matrona of Moscow was installed in the church.

Detailed history of the temple

SPARROW HILLS

The territory of the village of Vorobyov and its environs has long been called Sparrow Hills, and got its name from the village. Sparrow Hills are among the Moscow "semihills". They represent a steep cliff of the Teplostan Upland, formed by the undermining of the Moskva River. They are located on the right river bank, opposite the Luzhnikovskaya bend.

Sparrow Hills stretch from the mouth of the Setun River to the Andreevsky Bridge of the District Railway. The Sparrow Hills rise 130-135 meters above the Moskva River. The Teplostanskaya Upland (right high bank) is the highest point in Moscow - 253 meters above sea level. With its northern spurs, the hill descends steeply to the Moscow River, forming the Sparrow Hills. The slope facing the river is dissected by a network of deep ravines. Small rivers ran along the ravines to the Moscow River, which now flow underground in man-made channels - pipes. These are Chura with tributaries, Krovyanka and Kotlovka. The Chertanovka River flows along the eastern slope. It originates in the highest part of the hill - between the Teply Stan and the Uzkoye sanatorium.

Sparrow Hills is one of the most beautiful places in Moscow. The high right bank of the Moskva River has always attracted people with its dense forest, complex terrain and wonderful views of the river.

The beauty of the Sparrow Hills was noted even by Tsar Peter I, who was not capable of deep lyrical feelings, who advised artists to paint Moscow from them. Peter I brought the artist Cornelius de Bruy to Sparrow Hills and showed him where it is best to draw Moscow.

Is it a coincidence that this Moscow area was loved by many Russian writers who liked to visit Sparrow Hills and mentioned them on the pages of their novels, stories, poems? There is no chance here: it is from the Sparrow Hills that the widest and most picturesque panorama of the capital opens up - writers, just like you and me, could not imagine Moscow without this very area, the Sparrow Hills. We find the name Sparrow Hills on the pages of the works, letters and diaries of N. M. Karamzin, M. Yu. Lermontov, F. M. Dostoevsky, L. N. Tolstoy, A. M. Gorky, A. A. Blok and others.

Sparrow Hills do not cease to admire, they are sung. A.P. Chekhov spoke about Sparrow Hills: "Whoever wants to know Russia should look at Moscow from here." A. Blok, comparing the panorama of Moscow with the panorama of Montmartre, said: "Paris from Montmartre is not like Moscow from Sparrow Hills." Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Rubinstein, Bryullov, Savrasov, Kustodiev, Tchaikovsky and many others admired Moscow from Sparrow Hills.

The connoisseurs of the literary places of the capital are right, who draw the attention of readers to the fact that the writers of different schools and directions, who turned to the image of Moscow, were united in one thing: the Sparrow Hills invariably set them in a poetic mood, and significant, vivid events that determine the fate of heroes, sometimes were associated with this particular place in Moscow.

How can one not recall the “Summer of the Lord” by Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev, when Vanechka and Gorkin go before the Trinity to Sparrow Hills for birch trees. And from a height, Gorkin shows the boy Moscow, its temples: “... And below us, beyond the meadow... white-red... what kind of bell tower with patterns, with curls, huh?! This is a maiden monastery. What Moscow is ours! .. "

VILLAGE OF VOROBYEVO AND VOROBYEVSKIY PALACE

The history of the village of Vorobyov goes back many centuries. It is mentioned in ancient chronicles - at first, as the patrimony of the famous boyar Kuchka, the first boyar who lived in Moscow, and then - as a "sovereign estate".

Historians disagree on the origin of its name. The former suggest that this place was covered with dense gardens from ancient times, in which countless flocks of sparrows nested. The second believe that one of the first owners of the village was called Vorobyov. So in some sources it is said that the name of the village of Vorobyevo goes back to the boyar family of the Vorobyovs, known in the middle of the XIV century.

And still others claim that the Grand Duchess bought a village for herself from a certain priest, nicknamed Sparrow. From here, the origin of the toponym becomes clear: the village, like many others, was named after its owner. The nickname Sparrow, most likely, was associated with the appearance of a person (as they could call a medium-sized, short person) or some noticeable features of his character and behavior.

One way or another, but in the will of the Grand Duchess Sophia Vitovtovna (1451), in which it is mentioned for the first time, it is said: “And from the Moscow villages I give him (grandson Yuri - Ed.) My buy-in, the village of Popovskoye Vorobievo, both with Semyonovsky and with the villages.”

Sophia, the daughter of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vitovt and the wife of the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily I (1390-1425), son of Dmitry Donskoy, was an extraordinary woman: in the early childhood of her son, Vasily II, Sofya Vitovtovna successfully ruled the principality, actively participated in the struggle against the specific princes, led the defense Moscow from the Tatars.

Shortly before her death, in 1453, the princess bequeathed both villages to her beloved grandson Yuri, the appanage prince of Dmitrovsky. Yuri died in September 1472. In his will, he ordered to give the villages and villages that belonged to him to the brothers, and “the village of Semenovskoye and Vorobyovskoye with villages” went to Ivan III.

Since the acquisition by Princess Sophia, the village of Vorobyevo has become a palace - a grand ducal, and then a royal summer residence. Here was the grand duke's court, in which, no later than 1549, Vorobyovskaya Sloboda appeared, which received various benefits from the sovereign. Already in those distant times there was a church here. In the village of Vorobyovo, the entire area of ​​​​the area became known as Vorobyovy Kruchi, later Sparrow Hills.

Ivan III bequeathed the village to his son in 1504. The father of Ivan the Terrible, Grand Duke Vasily III, fell in love with this most beautiful place. He, like his successors, spent the summer with his family in the palace of the village of Vorobyevo. In 1521, during the invasion of Makhmet Giray, he hid here, near the wooden palace he built, in a haystack and remained unharmed, and although the Tatars came here, plundered the palace and palace cellars, but they did not find the Grand Duke. Here, on the picturesque high bank of the Moskva River, Vasily III built a wooden palace on a stone foundation.

“In the estate, fenced with high fences, large colorfully painted gates led. The mansions themselves were a vast building, covered with boards, with numerous turrets; the passages were surrounded by railings made of chiselled balusters, and numerous windows had glass and mica windows inserted into carved jambs. Inside the building there were tiled stoves, on the walls, upholstered in red cloth, "in gilded and azure frames" hung pictures, images, "painted in picturesque writing." A church was built nearby, furnished with exceptional luxury. Around the chorus crowded household services: baths, glaciers, cellars, granaries, cattle and stable yards, green Birch Grove, which replaced the park; there was also a pond-cage in which they kept sturgeon, sterlet and other fish. Deer roamed freely in the grove, swans swam along the river. At the estate there were arable lands, orchards, hayfields, mills. All this economy was served by numerous yard people.

Twelve years after his rescue, Vasily was returning from hunting near Volokolamsk, where he fell ill so that he was embarrassed to enter the capital, and stopped in Vorobyov, his village. There he lived for two days, suffering severely. The November River has not yet become strong. Hoping to cross over to his capital, the prince ordered to build a bridge "under Vorobyov against the Maiden Monastery." Piles were driven in, paved. When the horses of the Grand Duke's wagon set foot on the paving, the building broke off. The wagon was dragged away, cutting off the tugs, the Grand Duke was saved. Vasily had to cross the Moscow River higher - Dorogomilovsky ferry. He entered the Kremlin through the Borovitsky Gates, and the next day, December 3, 1533, he died. His son, heir John, was not even 4 years old then.

And when Ivan Vasilyevich was 17 years old, he retired to his father's shelter during a terrible summer fire in Moscow in 1547. The fire broke out during a strong storm on 21 June. The Kremlin was also in flames. The Dormition Cathedral caught fire, the iconostases in other churches burned, the fire destroyed the Armory.

During the disaster, Grand Duke Ivan Vasilievich (the future Tsar Ivan the Terrible), together with his family and boyars, took refuge in the village of Vorobyov. In the Vorobyov Palace, Ivan the Terrible experienced the first terrible days of his reign - only six months had passed since his wedding to the Russian throne. The burning city was deserted, and here, to the royal palace, the rebellious people rushed, but were met by cannons. This event marked the beginning of the reign of the first Russian tsar. Near the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, from where a terrifying view of burning Moscow opened up, a significant conversation took place between the young prince and the famous archpriest Sylvester, his confessor, rector of the Annunciation Cathedral. The historical documents say this: “... with an inspired word, Sylvester announced to him that the judgment of God should break out on the head of the frivolous, malicious tsar, that the Almighty had already shown His anger towards him, burning Moscow. Having opened the Holy Scriptures, Sylvester pointed out to him the rules given to guide the kings, and John humbled himself, he was shocked by the words of the priest, and a great change took place in his heart ... ".

There is a well-known case when Tsar Tsar John IV Vasilyevich, once during the liturgy, was thinking about building a new palace on Sparrow Hills. Blessed Basil stood in a corner and watched him. After the liturgy, he said to the king: "I saw where you truly were: not in holy temple, but in another place. ”—“ I have not been anywhere, only in the holy temple, ”— the king answered. But the blessed one said to him: “Your words are not true, king. I saw how you walked in thought along the Sparrow Hills and built a palace. Since then, the king began to fear and honor the saint even more.

Old wooden Palace on Sparrow Hills. 17th century

In the 17th century, Vorobyevo was on a par with such famous royal estates as Kolomenskoye and Preobrazhenskoye. According to the description of 1646, on Sparrow Hills there was a royal palace, 11 courtyards of "state business people", 10 peasant huts and two gardeners' houses.

Tsar Boris Fyodorovich Godunov also loved Vorobyevo and lived for a long time in the Vorobiev Palace. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the father of Peter the Great, often came and lived in the summer with his family on Sparrow Hills.

On Sparrow Hills was the court of Patriarch Nikon. I.E. Zabelin writes in the book “History of Moscow”: “Nikon laid the yard on April 30, 1657 in the village of Krasnoye, as the village of Vorobyevo was then called, and Alexei Mikhailovich himself, who arrived on Sparrow Hills on purpose for this, was present at his salary.

In the mid-1670s, there were 22 peasant households in the village. In 1681, the construction of a new royal palace and two churches began in Vorobyov - St. Sergius of Radonezh and the icon of the Mother of God "Life-Giving Spring".

However, Vorobyov was not destined to become the grand imperial residence. As a child, Peter I often visited Vorobyevo, and as an emperor, although he came here, he still preferred Preobrazhenskoye to him, and gave the Vorobyov Palace younger sister Natalya. Despite this, it is known that he ordered a birch grove to be planted behind the palace, and it was on Sparrow Hills that Peter's favorite fun, cannon shooting, was born. Captain Stepan Sommer, a gunsmith, built a small fortress with cannons, firing from which Peter the Great celebrated his birthday in 1684.

The situation did not change even in the 18th century - neither Elizabeth Petrovna nor Catherine II favored Vorobyovo. Although under Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, in 1752, a birch grove with a regular layout was planted in front of the palace on the upper terrace of the Moskvoretsky shore, and under Empress Catherine II, the wooden floors of the palace were rebuilt in 1779, but the palace fell into complete disrepair, was dismantled, and a new palace was placed on its foundation, the so-called Prechistensky wooden palace (originally it was built on Volkhonka for the arrival of Empress Catherine II by M.F. Kazakov, then it was transferred to Sparrow Hills). The windows of the palace overlooked the Moscow River. But this palace also fell into disrepair by the end of the 18th century, and therefore was razed to the ground in the 19th century.

Vorobyovy Gory has long been famous for its clean, fine-grained white sand. In this regard, in the XVII century. State-owned glass and mirror factories were built here, which were at the beginning under the jurisdiction of the Posolsky, then - the Siberian order and transferred in the 18th century. into private hands. For example, the mirror factory of Wast Heinrich Brockhausen is known.

By 1907, Vorobyovo received the status of a Moscow suburb with a population of just over two thousand people. Half of the population consisted of newcomers looking for work in the surrounding factories.

Officially, Vorobyovo became part of Moscow in 1922, although until the 1950s it retained the features of its former life. Today, only the Church of the Holy Trinity reminds of the ancient village of Vorobyevo.

The Vorobyovskoye Highway was named in the 19th century as the one leading from the Kaluga outpost through the Sparrow Hills to the village of Vorobyovo. In 1886, a horse-drawn carriage began to run along the highway from the Kaluga outpost to the Vorobyovy Gory, in 1903 - a steam engine, soon replaced by a tram. In 1903, the Vorobyovsky reservoir of the Moskvoretsky water pipeline was built on the Vorbyevsky highway. At the beginning of the 20th century, small one-two-story dachas were built along the highway, and in the 1930s. - scientific institutes. In 1938, the tram was replaced by a trolleybus.

In 1956, in connection with the reorganization of the territory near the new building of Moscow State University, the village of Vorobyovo was demolished, the highway was expanded and extended to Berezhkovskaya Embankment, including Bolshaya Vorobyovskaya Street. A wide boulevard was laid between the lanes.

In the 1950s on the highway behind high fences there are dachas of the highest party leaders. In 1981, a significant part of the Vorobyovskoye Highway was renamed Kosygin Street, who lived here in a separate mansion (Kosygin Street, 8), there is evidence that he prayed in the Church of the Holy Trinity. Now the historical name - Vorobyovskoye highway - is preserved only behind a small section of the highway from Berezhskovskaya embankment to the beginning of Mosfilmovskaya street.

Vorobyovy Gory - defensive line

Sparrow Hills had in ancient times great importance and as a defensive line on the outskirts of Moscow. Even under Ivan the Terrible, 3,000 archers were settled in Vorobyovoy Sloboda to protect the city from the Tatars from the south. Since that time, the archers have noticeably pressed the rest of the suburban courtyards. And in 1591, under Tsar Theodore Ioannovich, the Tatar Khan Kazy Giray II approached Vorobyov, but, frightened by the Moscow militias, turned back. In the "Biography of Fyodor Ivanovich" it is said: “The godless tsar (meaning Khan Kazy Giray - ed.) On that day, in the evening, he came to the royal village, called Vorobyevo. Be that Vorobyevo near the reigning city, like a field of three [three versts], there the mountains are great, very high; from there the accursed tsar saw the beauty and majesty of the entire reigning city and the great stone walls and the divine churches covered with gold and extremely decorated, and the royal great great two- and three-blood chambers, moreover, hearing the great cracking thunder and the sound inexpressible by the voice, which was from the great in the city and from the monastery [monasteries] of cannon shooting. Seeing the godly king of the pious, the resisting militia, fear zealously, and the horror of the great attack nan and soon return with all your evil army and run away with great fear, lower from the path into the night you want to honor little ... "

During the Time of Troubles, fierce battles took place near Vorobyov, but the village was not burned. On August 24, 1612, the main battle of the Russian militia took place with Hetman Khodkevich, who, having thrown all his strength, tried to break into the Kremlin to help his own. The victory was brought by a bold, saving move by Minin: taking four hundred soldiers from Pozharsky, he crossed with them across the Moskva River at the Krymsky Bridge and unexpectedly hit the enemy in the flank. Falling into a panic, the hetman's soldiers fled, abandoning their banners and the entire convoy.

The pursuit did not work - the militias did not have enough strength, but the enemy also had no strength left. Khodkevich stood for a day on Sparrow Hills, convinced himself of the impossibility of a new battle and left Moscow, promising the besieged to follow a new army. He did not succeed in lifting the siege or driving back the militias from the Kremlin. Hodkiewicz's mission failed.

A notable milestone in Russian history was left by the Sparrow Hills during the Patriotic War of 1812. After the Battle of Borodino (August 26), M. I. Kutuzov at first intended to give the French a decisive battle near the very walls of Moscow. To find the best position, he sent General L. L. Bennigsen, who proposed to place the Russian army between the villages of Fili and Vorobyovo. On the eve of the famous council in Fili, M.I. Kutuzov and P.I. Bagration, examining the positions, arrived in Vorobyovo and prayed in the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, which by that time had been built here (in 1811). According to legend, this area has been associated with the Kutuzov family since ancient times. The village of Golenishchevo, adjacent to Vorobyov, with another, also Trinity, church in the area of ​​​​modern Mosfilmovskaya Street, entered their old boyar surname from the 15th century - St. Jonah of Moscow healed the boyar Vasily Kutuzov there, and this miracle was depicted in one of the hallmarks of the local icon of the saint in Trinity Golenishchevo Church. That is why the descendants of the healed boyar began to be called the Golenishchev-Kutuzovs.As you know, from the Sparrow Hills there is a magnificent view of Moscow, and everyone who has ever been on the mountains admired this view. I admired Moscow and Napoleon from here. From the Sparrow Hills, Napoleon, retreating, looked at the burning Moscow and kept waiting for the explosion of the Novodevichy Convent, without which he did not want to leave the city. For eight days, on the orders of Napoleon, the blasphemous desecration of Moscow continued. But God had mercy on the newly consecrated Church of the Life-Giving Trinity: in the documents of 1812, it does not appear among the damaged ones. Consequently, both the iconostasis and the holy icons remained intact, the lampadas and chandeliers, church utensils and sacristy were preserved. Service in the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity did not stop even during the enemy invasion: wanting to arouse a more favorable attitude towards himself among the population, Napoleon ordered not to interfere with the performance of services in churches that were not affected by the fire. According to contemporaries, the suffering Muscovites had tears in their eyes when they heard the gospel. Among these churches was the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity. The French did not touch the temple, but many temples were defiled and looted.

In the October days of 1917, Sparrow Hills was the most important revolutionary base: having driven out the Whites from here, the Red Guards installed heavy artillery here and on November 1 began shelling the Kremlin. In 1924 Vorobyovy Gory was renamed into Leninskiye Gory.

Project of the Palace of Soviets on Sparrow Hills

The Trinity Church, far from the center, miraculously survived in Soviet times - although the Bolsheviks paid attention to the Sparrow Hills (somewhere here was the dacha of Lunacharsky himself, and then Khrushchev) and attached great importance to the urban planning plans of the new, socialist Moscow. It was proposed by none other than L.B. to rename Vorobyovy Gory into Leninskiye Gory. Krasin in February 1924, after Lenin's death. He also gave the idea to erect a giant monument to the leader and build a palace named after him. These plans of Krasin later formed the basis of the idea of ​​the Palace of Soviets, for which, by the way, at one time Vorobyovy Gory was also proposed.

The Trinity Church was not only saved from socialist destruction, but was not even closed during the Soviet era, so its ancient interior has been preserved. Moreover, after the well-known Bolshevik prohibition of bell ringing throughout Moscow, it was in the Vorobyov Trinity Church that the bells continued to ring. And Orthodox Muscovites secretly went “to the Lenin Hills” to listen to the benevolent ringing on this miraculously remaining reserved island of old Moscow. Once again, the church survived the construction of the high-rise building of Moscow State University in the late 1940s and early 1950s, and such construction usually spared nothing and no one.

CHURCH OF CHRIST THE SAVIOR ON SPOROBEVY GORIES

Moscow architects have long been eyeing the Sparrow Hills as a successful construction and observation platform, where "the whole glorious city will see any majestic building." It was here that in 1755 it was planned to build the first building of the university, but after the "majestic refusal" of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, the university was erected on Red Square.

And only Alexander Vitberg managed to get from Emperor Alexander I the right to erect a majestic monumental structure on Vorobyovka. On Sparrow Hills, it was planned to erect a new, huge, three-light, memorial church of Christ the Savior on the occasion of the victory in the war of 1812 over Napoleon. The temple was supposed to descend in terraces from the top of the Sparrow Hills to the river. Moscow. He assumed the functions of the second center of the capital after the Kremlin.

The architect A. L. Vitberg, whose project was approved by the sovereign, proposed to build a temple between the Smolensk and Kaluga roads, on the Sparrow Hills, which Alexander I poetically called the "crown of Moscow." Since ancient times, there has been a custom in Rus' to commemorate outstanding state events by building monasteries and churches. So, after the capture of Smolensk (1524), the Novodevichy Convent was founded with a majestic cathedral in honor of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God, after the conquest of the Kazan Khanate (1552) - St. Basil's Cathedral (Pokrovsky Cathedral), in honor of the final victory over the Tatars and the overthrow of the Tatar yoke (1591) - Donskoy Monastery in honor of the Don Icon of the Mother of God.

The laying ceremony of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior - exceptionally beautiful and solemn - took place on October 12, 1817, five years after the speech of the French from Moscow, and was accompanied by an unprecedented spiritual upsurge. Only those participating in the ceremony "there were more than 30 archpriests, about 300 priests, and about 200 deacons ... two choirs of singers - court and synodal ... in the best and richest vestments."

They began to build, but during the earthworks it was discovered that the slopes of the mountains were crumbling and sliding, and in 1827 the construction was stopped. He was transferred to Prechistenka. But still, a modest cross stood on a steep slope for a long time.

CHURCHES OF THE VILLAGE OF VOROBYEVA

In the XVII-XVIII centuries. in the village of Vorobyevo there were four churches: three palace churches - in honor of the icon of the Mother of God "Life-Giving Spring", "St. Sergius in the Garden" and a summer linen church of the Resurrection of Christ, as well as a parish church - the Life-Giving Trinity. All these temples were listed in the palace department of the Moscow district.

Old Moscow. View of Moscow from Sparrow Hills

The first mention in historical documents of a wooden church at the royal palace in the village of Vorbyevo dates back to the 16th century, when Tsar Vasily III built a palace and a church “furnished with exceptional luxury” was built under him. It is not known for certain what the church was then called, most likely it was a temple in honor of the icon of the Mother of God "Life-Giving Spring". Later, wooden palace temples replaced each other, when they fell into disrepair, they were rebuilt. So, in 1681, in Vorobyevo, simultaneously with the new royal palace, a new wooden church of the “Life-Giving Spring” was built, as well as a wooden church of “St. Sergius in the Garden”. For one of them, in the name of Rev. Sergius in the palace garden, June 1681. The iconostasis was painted by the talented painter Karp Zolotorev. In July and August, another five-domed one was painted in honor of the icon of the Mother of God "Life-Giving Spring". These churches were connected to the palace by wooden pavements.

In 1699, the Church of "St. Sergius the Wonderworker in the Garden" in the village of Vorobyov was given a hand salary from the Order of the Grand Palace “Ass 50 rubles., Deacon 12 rubles. 13 alt. 5 den., rye 6 four, oats, too; sacristan 5 rubles, rye five quarters, oats also: a ruble of prosvirne, rye 2 fours without half an octopus, oats, too, for wheat prosvirs a quarter without a quarter, total money 68 rubles. 18 alt. 5 den., rye 12 fours, 6 fours, oats also, wheat four without a four. Selazh Vorobyov Church of the Most Holy Theotokos of the Life-Giving Spring priest 50 rubles, deacon 12 rubles. 13 alt. 2 den., rye 6 fours, oats, too, sexton 6 rubles. 6 alt. sex - 6 money, rye 5 four, oats, too, total money 68 rubles. 20 alt. half - 6 money, rye 11 four, oats, too.

According to the "Hand Marked Book" of 1700, the temple of "St. Sergius in the Garden" received a ruga (assistance from the treasury): to the rector - "50 rubles, to the deacon - 12 rubles, 13 altyns and 5 money, as well as rye, wheat, oats."

At the palace churches there were priests: Prokofy Adrianov 1710-1720, Evsevy Fedorov 1710 and Semyon Kirilov 1720.

In 1734, “in relation to the Main Palace Chancellery, a decree was issued from the Synodal Treasury Order on the consecration of a church newly built in the palace in the name of the Life-Giving Spring.” In 1753 the church was moved closer to the village, and the church of St. Sergius was dismantled. In 1765, the Church of the "Life-Giving Spring" was already dilapidated, especially the roof. In 1768, by definition of the Main Palace Office, the Church of the Life-Giving Spring in the village of Vorobiev, at the palace, was ordered to be repaired. In the altar, the floor and the translations had to be changed, as a result of which it was necessary to remove the throne from its place, since it turned out to be dilapidated, then it and the asshole were made again. After correcting everything, it was ordered to consecrate the church to the archpriest of the Krutitsy Cathedral of the Assumption, father Nazariy Vasiliev.

In 1768, the College of Economics gave the priest 15 rubles, rye and oats 10 quarters each, the deacon 4 rubles, rye and oats 6 quarters each; sexton 2 p. 50 k., rye and oats, 5 quarters each; and in 1788, 95 rubles were given to the palace clergy. Father Andrei Sergeev was then the priest of the palace church. In 1795, the church of the Life-Giving Spring at the Vorobyov Palace still existed, the priest was Yakov Ilyin, the deacon Andrey Yakovlev, the sexton Matvey Alekseev. In the revision tale of 1811, the church is called abolished, still existing, well-built, without parishes; Priest Yakov Ilyin moved from her to the parish Vorobyevskaya Church in 1802, deacon Andrei Yakovlev to the Verkhospassky Cathedral in 1797, and sexton Matvey Alekseev to the Rzhevskaya, on Povarskaya, church in 1803. Later, there is no mention of the palace Vorobyovskaya Church in the documents of the Kolomna Consistory.

In Vorobyevo, near the palace, there was also a church of the Resurrection of Christ, a summer-linen one, consecrated on June 22, 1675, by decree of the great sovereign, Metropolitan Mikhail, Belogradsky and Oboyansky, “Yes, with him archimandrites and abbots, and archpriests, and the Cathedral Church of the Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos as a sacristan, and at the consecration the singers of Metropolitan Michael sang.”

WOODEN CHURCH OF ST. TRINITY

The wooden temple of the Trinity on Sparrow Hills has existed since ancient times. And when the Grand Duchess Sofia Vitovtovna bought the village in the 15th century, the temple already existed. This is evidenced by the fact that Vorobyevo is called a village and, moreover, a priestly one. Since then, when the wooden temple rotted and fell into disrepair, a new one was built in its place. This went on from century to century until a stone temple was built.

The wooden Trinity Church in the village of Vorobyevo, according to the receipt books of the Patriarchal State Order of 1628, was written among the "residential" Moscow churches - "outside the Wooden City" as follows: “Church of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity, in the village of Vorobyov, tribute 18 altyn 4 money, and on September 28, on the current 7136, that money was paid by priest Titus, in 7140 (1632) - to the Trinity Church to the previous tribute according to the new salary added tribute 2 altyn 5 money.

The temple was wooden and small: in the “Ring book on donations to cathedrals, churches and monasteries of annual cloths and prayer and requiem money” of 1681, it is not listed among the stone ones. An entry from the "Estimated lists of Tsar Feodor Alekseevich of the year 7181 from the creation of the world" (1680) reads: "The village of Vorobyov Church of the Life-Giving Trinity for the priest and for prosvira one ruble 32 altyns." This speaks of a small parish, since gifts to the clergy of other, much larger parishes, according to the same lists, amounted to 20, 30 and even 50 rubles.

Until 1690, the Trinity Church was painted in the Prechistensky Magpie of Moscow, and since 1691. it was already written in the Zagorodskaya tithe. In 1691, under the article on the Trinity Church, it was noted: “this year in 7199 (1691), on October 9, by decree of the Patriarch, according to the note on the extract of Andrei Denisovich Vladykin, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in the Moscow district, in the village of Vorobyov, which was previously written with Moscow churches outside the Earthen City of Prechistensky Forty , and from her, according to the new salary, a tribute of a ruble 5 altyn 5 money, arrival of the hryvnia, is ordered to write in the Zagorodskaya tithe of the Moscow district with churches and this money from this year to have according to that salary to the new and crowned memory of that church to the priest to have Zagorodsky tithes from the elder of the priests ". For 1712-1740 church tribute was paid 1 ruble 19 altyns.

At the parish Trinity Church there were priests: otitis(1628-1632), Father Konon Ananin(1639-1645), Father Peter(1646-1656), Father Jacob(1657-1673), o.Foma(1675-1680), Father Feofan(1681-1685), Father Ivan Vasiliev(1710-1720), Father Pyotr Ilyin(1730); deacon Nikifor Nikitin, mallow Domna Kondratieva(1710) In 1715, the place of deacon Andrey Gavrilov was appointed sacristan deacon Matvey Danilov.

By 1720, the next wooden temple was already very dilapidated, and therefore it was decided to ask for blessings for the construction of a new temple. In the notebook of the Synodal Treasury Order of printing duties collected from decrees on the construction of churches, for 1720, it appears: “April on the 6th day, the decree on the construction of the church was sealed, at the request of the great sovereign of the palace village of Vorobyov, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, priest Ivan Vasilyev from the parishioners, he was ordered to them in that village of Vorobyov, instead of the dilapidated church, on the same church site, build again a wooden church in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity, and in the limit of the Reverend Alexei the man of God, two hryvnia fees were taken. Here for the first time the limit of the Monk Alexei the Man of God in the Trinity Church is mentioned.

In 1727, the new wooden church of the Trinity was already built and ready for consecration, and priest Peter Ilyin “beats with his forehead” asking for blessings for consecration. Consecrated in the same year.

Since the middle of the 18th century, priests have repeatedly reported about the dilapidation of this temple and asked for blessings to build a new church.

On June 4, 1750, there was an order to inspect the church. It said “... according to the definition of this cantor, and according to the death of the village of Kolomenskoye, the order hut and the steward of the commissioner Ivan Dolgov, by decree, among other things, it was ordered in the village of Vorobyov on the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity with a chapel and on the altar and at the meal and the circle of that church the porch and in the church floor to inspect and describe ... »

And on September 13, 1750, the manager, Commissar Dolgov, reports to the Palace Cantor “The church of the Life-Giving Trinity that was shown was inspected, and upon inspection, that church appeared all in perfect dilapidation and was not suitable for repair, but should be built again instead of it. And in that village there has long been a former brick mirror factory, which stands idle and is not used in any government building and disappears in vain from idle standing in the rain. And it does not demand that it be ordered from this cantor instead of this dilapidated wooden church to build again, even though a small stone one, having dismantled the said mirror factory, and besides, it will be necessary, in addition, to let go of the brick from the palace brick factory. But such reports were rejected. And on March 23, 1752, a decree of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna was sent from St. Petersburg “... fix it with a repair, and even then for a small amount ... re-build now, for lack of a monetary treasury, leave until the decree ...”

And the same answers sounded for several years. The question of dismantling the dilapidated wooden parish Trinity Church and building a new wooden or stone one in its place was constantly discussed, but to no avail.

June 10, 1752 manager of affairs “... it was announced ... that the church shown in the village of Vorobyevo after a perfect dilapidation cannot be repaired in any way, in which it is very dangerous to serve from dilapidation, since the corners have collapsed and the wall has bulged out, and it must be built again.”

Due to the dilapidation of the Trinity Church in 1753, the Church of the "Life-Giving Spring" was moved closer to the village, so that the inhabitants of the village would be spiritually nourished in it.

June 19, 1756 to St. Petersburg to the main palace office “... a report was sent, only to this decree was not received, and last April 10 (days) 1755 of the aforementioned church, the priest Nazariy Ioannov, with a report, asked that the said church with a side chapel be built again ... the village of Vorobyov, the peasants at the meeting announced that, due to their perfect poverty, there was nothing to build those churches ".

The parishioners were repeatedly ordered to build a new temple "with their own expenses." But this was impossible because, as the parishioners themselves wrote about themselves, in particular on October 15, 1765 “... the people of Prikhotsk named 31 people ... they cannot build again due to poverty and lack of property and they are not able to maintain repairs, utensils ...”, and in 1768. reported that “... among them, the people of Prikhotsk, for the most part, are weak peasants, from whom it is impossible to make a choice for the construction of that church in a short time ...” document signed by peasants "the village of Vorbyeva, and 4 villages of Derevleva, Belyaeva, the village of Ramenki and the village of Semenovskoye."

Father Nazarius constantly wrote petitions with a request to somehow solve the problem, but no solution followed until 1757, when the temple simply collapsed. This is how the desperate father paints it “April 11, 1757 ... the church collapsed from dilapidation, and they could hardly even take the image of the saint out, and before that, repeatedly, about building again instead of that dilapidated church, he announced with a report ...”.

And on May 12, 1757, Father Nazarius sent “a report to St. Petersburg to the main palace office ... the divine service is corrected in the limit of Alexy the man of God ...”

In 1760 it is reported “... the limit is now dilapidated and during the rain in many places there is a leak; and this church was built by the contributor of the Novodevichy Convent, the servant Alexei Golovkin, 38 years ago ... ”.

Father Nazarius did not wait for the construction of a new church, and on March 9, 1765, the new rector, Priest Nikifor Vasiliev “... he showed by petition that the aforementioned church ... now dilapidation has come to the extreme so that it has already completely collapsed, and for the priesthood only one chapel of the Monk Alexy the Man of God and with him a meal remained from it intact out of need. And now he is a priest, we wish to build this church ... to build a church again, and instead of the now existing chapel of the Monk Alexy ... to build a chapel of the saint and miracle worker Nicholas, tochie de all of this to build from his own and from the parish people found at this church, the koshtu have a drawback, he asked that for collection for this building from well-meaning donors both in Moscow and in other cities and places, give a lacing book.

On December 17, 1768, the parish church of the Life-Giving Trinity, in the village of Vorobiev, was sealed due to dilapidation, and the utensils from it were taken to the palace church of the Life-Giving Spring. It was announced to the parishioners that before the construction of the new Trinity Church, they would go to hear the praise of God and correct their needs in the palace church. The service and services in the palace church were performed by the priest Andrey Sergeev. The last rector of the wooden temple of the Trinity was Father Nikifor Vasiliev, already mentioned. By the end of the 1790s, the temple was dismantled by order of Catherine the Great.

STONE CHURCH OF ST. TRINITY

The current brick church with a white stone plinth was built in 1811. as it is said in the documents "... by the diligence of parishioners and well-meaning givers ...". It was placed on one of the upper terraces of the Sparrow Hills to the north-west of the palace, in the center of the village, opposite the single-row peasant buildings. Despite its small size and modest architecture, the church plays a prominent role in the panorama of the Sparrow Hills and is clearly visible from the Luzhniki.

The first rector of the stone church was Father Jacob Ilyin, which in 1802 was transferred to the temple of the Holy Trinity from the temple in honor of the icon of the Mother of God "Life-Giving Spring". Father Jacob served in the church until 1812.

The stone temple was erected near the former wooden one. In place of the altar of the old temple, in 1811, a white stone monument crowned with a cross was erected, which has survived to this day. The monument is located five to six meters from the current main altar of the temple. Over time, however, the inscription made on it was erased (traces of letters appear in some places), but the bas-relief depicting the trumpeting Archangel is quite clearly visible.

Until 1818, the temple was listed among the churches of the Moscow district, and from March 30, 1818, in Zamoskvoretsky Soroka of Moscow.

The current stone church was built in rough by 1811. and at first the throne of St. Nicholas was consecrated. The throne of the Holy Trinity was consecrated on September 22, 1818. Petition No. 1607 dated September 9, 1818, by the priest Father Peter Matveev (Diakonov - ed.) and the headman of the Vorobiev peasant Grigory Ivanov, to Archbishop Augustine of Moscow and Kolomna has been preserved. The petition says: “With the blessing of Your Eminence, instead of a wooden one, a stone church was built on Sparrow Hills in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity and with a chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, which chapel has already been consecrated. But the real Trinity Street has hitherto only been corrected and prepared for that. Now it has been corrected and is ready for consecration. For that, Your Eminence! We most humbly ask you to command this Trinity Church, most graciously with your archpastoral resolution, to provide the holy antimension, and according to his department, the Dean of Kazan, that at the Kaluga Gates, Archpriest John Grigoriev, to consecrate September 9, 1818, to this petition of the Trinity Church that is on Sparrow Hills, Priest Peter Matveev put his hand. To this petition the church warden, the peasant Grigory Ivanov, had a hand in it.” The resolution of the archbishop reads "permit the consecration of the temple to the alternate and issue the holy antimension."

On September 23, 1818, Dean Nikolokhlynovsky Archpriest John Ioannov sent a report “in pursuance of His Imperial Majesty’s decree from this consistory dated September 16 under No. 4932, Zamoskvoretsky forty, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, which is on the Sparrow Hills, on the same September 22, on the newly consecrated antimension, I consecrated ...”

I would also like to provide information about the chapel of St. Sergius. Petition No. 752 of May 7, 1820 has been preserved, like the previous petition of the priest Father Peter Matveev, but already to Metropolitan Seraphim of Moscow and Kolomna. It says: “In the aforementioned Trinity Church, during the construction of it, it was appointed in the meal on the sides to be two limits, of which on the right one in the name of hallows. Nicholas has already been consecrated and exists, but on the left, except for one empty place, there is still nothing; now, out of his zeal, the Moscow merchant Sergei Ilyin, son of Azbukin, set out to make an iconostasis on the left opposite Nikolaevsky for the limit of the saint of God Sergius, to which iconostasis he informed me of the plan, and we ask permission to get down to business; but I don’t dare to decide on such a zealous feat of his Azbukin without the blessing of Your Eminence.

The Metropolitan's resolution says “... if there is any doubt: God will bless to build the iconostasis according to the attached plan and facade.”

Attached to the petition is a certificate from the Moscow Ecclesiastical Consistory stating that “According to the records of the past 1819 about churches, clergy and other things, it is shown: in Zamoskvoretsky Soroka, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, that on Sparrow Hills, a newly built stone church with a chapel, sanctifies. Nicholas the Wonderworker is supplied with church utensils. In her presence I will read a priest, a deacon, a deacon, and a sexton. There are 113 parish yards, in them there are 354 men's souls, 392 women's souls.

The chapel of Rev. Sergius Abbot of Radonezh was consecrated in about 1823, since in 1822 it was said about him that he was "arranging". This is mentioned in a very interesting document, which is called - "The Statement of the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, which is on Sparrow Hills, consisting in Moscow in Zamoskvoretsky Soroka" written on January 7, 1822, it says that the stone church was “built with the care of parishioners and well-meaning donors. The building is made of stone, but there are still no ovens in it, the iconostases are not gilded and unpainted, and from the outside it is not common and without side porches, and without a fence. There are two thrones, and the third is arranged ... in the name of St. Sergius. The utensils are mediocre. The parish with her has long been one priest, deacon, deacon and sexton ... There are 120 parish yards with sacred church servants, in them there are 377 males, 443 female souls. On top of this, in the parish, there are 16 brick factories of various owners, where many working people live in the summer.

Land at this church There is an indicated proportion of thirty-three tithes, it is all unstaggered, and there is no plan for it, and only some part of it and with the estate is indicated on the general philistine plan. On which the church land has long had two brick factories ... ".

The Moscow merchant's wife Aksinya Andreevna Nechaeva owned the first factory "and chose the clay", and the other was owned by the Moscow merchant Mikhail Artamonovich Shkarin.

“The houses of the sacred church ministers are their own, on church land, except for one deacon’s, which the deacon, according to his news, has not yet managed to build, for the place where the house is built, there is a small amount of estate land. The content of the sacred church servants from the church land, and the brick factories standing on it, and from the parish requirements ... ".

According to the 1887 metric, the temple is described as follows: “It was built at the expense of parishioners - peasants of the specific department of the village of Vorobyov, the village of Semenovsky and the village of Rykina. The masters are unknown. Assigned to the city of Moscow, and is located on the Sparrow Hills. At the highest point.

The church is not old and no additions have been made. In the form of a versatile cross, one-story. With one semicircle without any edges. 9 fathoms high, 13 fathoms long and 6 fathoms high. There are no deviations of the altar from the direction of the east. The church was built entirely of bricks.

The wall is lined with solid masonry without cement. The brick is heavy, but not more than 18 pounds and fired with the marks B. and K. And the walls have been preserved in their original form. There are no passages in the walls. Iron connections. The outer walls are smooth without decorations and without a belt.

The roof of the church is hipped with two slopes, made of sheet iron, painted with green verdigris. The lantern on the vaults is through with 6 spans without any decorations, above it ... indecipherable ... smooth (without any) painted on plaster like red brick.

On the church one round dome is covered with sheet iron and painted with verdigris. Iron crosses upholstered in white tin, 8-pointed, with chains.

There are three wide windows above the plinth in the altar, and two in the pre-altars, each in ... indistinct ... lights. There are no windows under the roof. Windows with straight lintels ... not disassembled ... have inside. Lattices in the windows ... narazb ... made of rod-shaped tetrahedral iron with transverse ... indistinct ... There are no old shutters and windows, and there are no lining of colored tiles at the bottom of the window sills. Doors “Three, on the western side in a warm temple and on the northern and southern side in a cold one, double-leafed wooden doors upholstered with sheet iron, completely painted with verdigris without any painting or decorations. The hinges in the doors are iron ordinary.

The church inside is arranged in the form of a square chamber. The altar is separated by a wooden partition with three spans for the royal doors. southern and northern. There are two aisles. The western vestibule is arranged in the form of a chamber, there are no special aisles. The vestibule is separated from the temple by a stone wall with one span.

The arches are semicircular, based on two pillars, tetrahedral forming three arches, in the south an altar is arranged, the middle one leads to a cold temple, in the north, a second altar is arranged. Two tetrahedral pillars are all smooth, neither ... indistinct ... they do not have bars or benches for seats around them.

The floor in all parts of the temple is flaky. Bream without separation. The vault…is not clear…The altar is arranged with three windows. The platform of the altar with pulpit and saline is raised by three steps. There have been no changes since the founding of the temple.

The throne is wooden, covered with an ordinary wooden board, but it is arranged on a level with the floor. Its width is 1 ½ arshins, its length and height are also 1 ½ arshins, it is not lined with any sheets. There is no canopy over the throne.

The mountainous place is arranged in an open place without a canopy. There are no saints in the recesses of window images.

The altar was built in the same room with the throne in an open place, wooden, 1 ½ arshins high, 1 ¼ arshins wide.

The iconostasis of the device is new with columns of wooden carving, except for the columns and frames there are no gilded ones. Four tiers. The royal doors are double-leaf, carved with patterns without columns. The shape of the tops of the royal doors is semicircular.

The solea is stone, from bream above the platform of the temple, like the pulpit on three steps, without a lattice. The pulpit is semicircular, made of white stone without a canopy. The kliros are attached to the very walls of the temple. There are no special decorations.

The bell tower was built simultaneously with the temple, four-sided square at the expense of the parishioners from 18-pound baked bricks. There are no images.

Six bells: 1st at 156 poods 32 pounds signature: this bell was poured in Moscow in the factory of Majorsha Anna Petrovna (Ed. - Venkovich). Hear my voice, O Lord, according to Thy mercy and Thy destiny, live me. February 1843, 5 days to the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity on the Sparrow Hills with the goodwill of the contributors to the church under the head of the church Ivan Mikhailovich Baranov under the priest Afanasy Skvortsov and deacon Nikolai Dobronravov. The rest of the bells are without inscriptions.

The walls of the church were painted with pictorial writing in 1833, and in 1868 the walls of the temple were again painted with oil paint and again painted with historical paintings.

There are three icons of the old Russian letter: the Mother of God of the Don, the Three-Handed Icon and the icon of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. There are no inscriptions on them. Who donated it is unknown, there is no name of the master and the year of writing, in wooden gilded frames everything is behind glass, which indicates their further preservation.

The icons of the Mother of God of the Don and the saint of God St. Nicholas are preserved in their original form.

Priest of the Moscow Trinity Church on Sparrow Hills Petr Petrovich Sokolov. He studied at the Moscow Theological Seminary. 45 years, the 21st year is sacred. Metric dated "February 5th, 1887". In 1874, Archpriest I. Blagoveshchensky, in a book about Moscow churches, reported that “The Trinity Church on Sparrow Hills, built in 1811, has three chapels - the Holy Trinity, St. Nicholas and St. Sergius. Yards 114, showers for men 506, women - 600.

The number of parishioners in the village of Vorobyov increased with the growth of the village itself.

Until our time, only the bell tower has survived intact, while the church itself has been remodeled. Repairs were made in 1858-1861, in 1898, in 1900. Now there are frescoes on the outer walls of the temple.

The porch in front of the entrance on the western facade of the bell tower and extensions on its sides appeared during the repairs of the building in 1858-61 and 1898. The territory of the church is surrounded by a brick fence of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. with metal grill.

In the Soviet years, with the diligence of the church council, clergy and parishioners, much was done to maintain the internal and external splendor of the temple. In 1964, 1968 and 1971, external repairs were carried out, and in 1952-1953 and in 1971-1972 - internal. The old wall paintings were cleaned and washed, and a new one was made - on themes from the Lives of the Saints, in particular St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, St. Sergius of Radonezh. Iconostases were partly gilded and painted, some icons were repaired and restored.

Now the temple on Sparrow Hills has, as before, three chapels - in honor of the Holy Trinity, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, St. Sergius. There is also a side throne of St. Jonah, Metropolitan of Moscow, which is located in the altar of St. Nicholas. Its history is interesting. In 1937, when the atheists closed the Church of the Trinity in Golenishchevo, the antimins of the aisles of Metropolitan. Jonah and torment. Agapia were transferred to the nearest functioning church - the Trinity in Vorobyov, here later the altar attached to the main altar was consecrated in the name of St. Jonah.

TRINITY TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE

The Trinity Church was built according to the project of the architect A. L. Vitberg, the author of the project of the memorial church of Christ the Savior on Sparrow Hills.

The building, built in the style of late classicism, belongs to the type of parish church characteristic of the Moscow region with a traditional three-part longitudinal-axial composition. The chetverik of the temple, carrying with the help of sails a domed rotunda, completed with a deaf cylindrical drum, is decorated from the south and north with four-column porticos of the Tuscan order. The semicircular apse is elongated due to small projections. The two-pillared square refectory with two aisles has rounded corners that are flared from the outside, imparting some plasticity to the volume. The facades of the refectory are divided by pilasters.

The two-tiered bell tower with a middle semi-tier is similar in volumetric composition and decor to the bell tower of the VMC church. Barbarians on Varvarka in Moscow (1796-1804). Their common features — a semicircular ledge of the first tier for a spiral staircase, a bell tier with arched openings, corner pilasters and triangular pediments, square panels with medallions and other details — allow us to speak of direct borrowing. The lower tier of the bell tower is adjoined by the western porch and the rounded southern extension (sacristy) of 1898, as well as a later baptismal one from the north. Three carved iconostasis with gilded details have been preserved in the interior. The iconostasis of the temple, four-tiered, with an emphatically stepped composition, may be original, but later it was updated: classic in structure and main elements, it is eclectic in details. The iconostases of the refectory are made in the form of two-tiered walls. The iconostasis of the southern aisle belongs to the first half of the 19th century. and designed in the style of classicism. The iconostasis in the northern aisle (second half of the 19th century) is typical of the eclectic period. Oil wall paintings (late 19th - early 20th century) combine narrative compositions with floral-geometric ornaments in the Russian "style".

The high large dome, thanks to the skillful application of the laws of proportion, seems light, almost airy and is in perfect harmony with the main volume of the temple. Seemingly low from the outside, inside it is spacious, full of air and light. The rays of the sun, pouring in bright streams through the large windows under the dome, sparkle on the gilding and silver of the icons, carved iconostases, highlight the images of the faces of saints. The soul is seized with a reverent feeling of closeness to God.

HOLY

The ages roared over Sparrow Hills, over the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity. The temple had to go through many trials, and therefore locally revered shrines are kept here with special care. There are few of them, but they are very dear to the parishioners as evidence of the eternal strength and strength of the Holy Orthodox Church.

In the temple there are icons of the 17th, 18th, 19th centuries - "Saints Gury, Samon and Aviv", "Saints Cosmas and Damian", "Burning Bush", "Kazan" Icon of the Mother of God, a four-part icon - with images of the Nativity of Christ, Nativity Holy Mother of God, the Nativity of John the Baptist and the Nativity of the Prelate and Wonderworker Nicholas, “Assuage my sorrows” - in front of the iconostasis of the chapel of St. Sergius. All the iconostases of the church are magnificently decorated with icons depicting the Twelfth Feasts, the Apostles. To the right of the iconostasis in front of the altar of the Holy Trinity - icon "Savior Not Made by Hands" by Simon Ushakov's school, and on the left is icon of the Mother of God "Donskaya", it is a revered copy of the miraculous icon painted by Theophanes the Greek. From the very icon with which the Russian army on the day of the Battle of Kulikovo on September 8, 1380 won.

The revered icon is the icon of the Mother of God - "Blessed Heaven", which stands to the left of the iconostasis of the altar of the Holy Trinity. The Blessed Virgin carefully hugs the Infant Jesus to Her. Her sad eyes already see how much torment Her Beloved Son, who descended to suffer for people, will have to endure on earth.

Not so long ago, through the efforts of the rector Father Sergius Suzdaltsev, next to the icon of the “Blessed Sky”, a reliquary with particles of the relics of saints was installed: St. Mitrofan of Voronezh, Righteous Alexy (Mechev) and Blessed Matrona of Moscow, as well as their icons. In the temple, near the main altar, two icons of the newly glorified saints are placed on both sides, on the left: St. Andrei Rublev, Saint Innocent, St. rights. John of Kronstadt and others, and on the right: the royal martyrs Tsar Nicholas, Tsarina Alexandra and their children. And also on the western side of the main part of the temple there is an icon of the Holy Martyr Andrei Resurrection.

The temple has an icon depicting St. Spyridon Trimifuntsky. In the middle of the last century, the famous icon painter monk Gregory (Krug) painted it. According to his will, at the end of the 60s she was transferred to Russia. The icon has been in the Church of the Holy Trinity for about 40 years. Only recently, experts discovered that this unique icon was painted by the monk Gregory (Krug). By permission of the rector of the temple, in 2005 it was presented for an exhibition at the Moscow Union of Artists, and then returned.

With the diligence of the rector's father and benefactors, the facade was painted and mosaic icons were installed, two on the bell tower - "The Savior Not Made by Hands" and "The Sign" and one more in the vestibule - St. vmch. and healed. Panteleimon.

FEDOR PETROVICH GAAZ

Fedor Petrovich Gaaz

Near the temple of the Trinity, a doctor of German origin, a philanthropist, known as the "holy doctor" - F.P. Haaz (1780-1853) was the chief doctor of Moscow prison hospitals. He was one of the most curious personalities of his time. The motto of his whole life was his favorite phrase - "hurry to do good." He took care of the prisoners of the transit prison on the Sparrow Hills, built from the former barracks for workers - the builders of the Witberg Cathedral of Christ the Savior. In 1832, with his care and with the funds raised by him, a hospital with 120 beds was arranged for prisoners on Sparrow Hills, which came under his direct supervision.

Historians attribute the completion of the construction of the Trinity Church on Sparrow Hills to F.P. Gaaz, who took such good care of the prisoners of the transit prison. He wanted sick prisoners to be somehow assigned to this church, to have the opportunity to attend services and be nourished by its priests. In confirmation of this, in the biography of the priest of the Trinity Church Athanasius Skvortsov, we read “by order of the Moscow Board of Trustees on prisons in the established prison hospital and the barracks of the transit castle on Sparrow Hills, he admonished both sick and healthy prisoners with confession and communion of the Holy Mysteries of Christ. In the same place, by decree of the Moscow Theological Consistory, he was appointed to edify prisoners in the duties of faith and morality with the correction of prayers and when sending prisoners of prayer singing with blessing of water, the position held until May 28, 1844.

The spirit of enlightened tolerance of the doctor was such that it gave reason to reproach him for "treason to Catholicism." So, Professor Ferdinand Reis, a doctor and chemist, a convinced Lutheran evangelist, made fun of Fyodor Petrovich, saying that “Dr. Haaz is a bad Catholic, because he is more often in Orthodox churches than in Catholic ones, and he even started the construction of an Orthodox church on Sparrow Hills, is friends with Russian priests, sings along with the church choir and distributes Russian prayer books.” It must be said that thanks to F.P. Haaz, a house church also appeared in the transit prison, which he built for the convenience of the spiritual guidance of prisoners.

The petition of Prince Aleksey Grigoryevich Shcherbatov (chairman of the Moscow guardianship society for prisons, and since April 14, 1844 the Moscow governor general) for the consecration of the temple dated December 19, 1843 has been preserved. The petition says “... the house church at the transit castle on the Sparrow Hills, in the name of the Mother of God, the “Search for the Dead” was completed with the device ... the priest will, in addition to serving at the church, fulfill spiritual requirements in the transit castle and in the hospital at it - hitherto carried out by the clergy of the Trinity Church of the village of Vorobiev, and moreover the spiritual edification of the prisoners. The temple was consecrated on December 23, 1843.

An outstanding lawyer of that time A.F. Koni emphasized: “The example of the touching philanthropist Haaz, who devoted himself entirely to the cause of helping prisoners, comforting them and caring for them, evokes a deep sympathetic attitude towards himself.” The doctor went every week to the transit prison on Sparrow Hills for examination and seeing off the next batch. And he always brought with him a basket of provisions for the women. Listening to reproaches for the "stupid pampering of criminals", he answered: “Everyone will give a piece of bread and a penny, but no one will give a candy and an orange that give pleasure.”

To the question put to Fyodor Petrovich: why is he, a German, a Catholic, not returning from Russia to his co-religionists and fellow tribesmen, Dr. Haaz replied: “Yes, I am a German, but above all I am a Christian. And, therefore, for me "there is no Hellene, there is no Jew ..." Why do I live here? Because I love, I love many people here, I love Moscow, I love Russia, and because living here is my duty to all the unfortunate in hospitals and prisons. Haaz achieved the relief of shackles, lining the rings on the arms and legs with leather or cloth. He demanded their complete abolition. But the authorities agreed only to release the decrepit and crippled from the shackles. At his insistence, they stopped shaving the hair off half of the prisoner's head. He personally took care of the patients, obtained permission to have a female staff. For the first time in world practice, he set up a library here, then a school for the children of prisoners and the neglected. These initiatives gradually spread throughout Russia.

The popularity of Haas was incredible. He was known and loved both in high society and at the very bottom. His friendship with the Metropolitan of Moscow, St. Philaret (Drozdov). All biographers of Haaz recall the famous episode of the dialogue about Christ with Metropolitan Philaret. During a discussion about different responsibilities before the law, Haaz's intercession was unexpectedly interrupted by the words of the lord that if the court punishes the criminal, it means that the defendant was guilty, and there are no innocently convicted: “Haaz jumped up and raised his hands to the ceiling. “Vladyka, what are you saying?! You forgot about Christ. Around heavy, frightened silence. Haaz stopped short, sat up and put his head in his hands. Filaret looked at him, screwing up his already narrow eyes, then bowed his head. “No, Fyodor Petrovich, it’s not like that. I have not forgotten Christ. But when I now uttered hasty words, Christ forgot about me.

And here is another episode from the life of a doctor ... On a snowy winter evening, Haaz went to visit the patient. There were no passers-by. Suddenly, three men wrapped in rags came out of the alley.

Well, take off your fur coat and hat, but livelier. And let's purse ... If you make a sound, we'll crush it.

Give you a coat? Good. I see you are all poorly dressed. And I'll give you money. But I ask for one favor. I am doctor. I hurry to the patient. I won't go to him without a coat. Let's go together. At the gate I will take off my coat.

One of them laughed angrily and waved his club, but the other, older, held him back, came close, peered:

Brothers! Yes, it's Fedor Petrovich! Father, merciful, but who dares to offend you. Sorry, for Christ's sake. Come on, father, we will see you off. We won't take anything from you...

In his declining years, according to A. I. Herzen, he was a pre-original eccentric. “An old, thin, waxy old man in a black tailcoat, short trousers, black silk stockings and buckled shoes, seemed to have come out of some eighteenth-century drama.”

When Haaz fell seriously ill and the prisoners began to ask the prison priest Orlov to serve a prayer service for his health, he hurried to the metropolitan to ask permission; a prayer service for the health of a non-Christian was not provided for by any rules. Filaret, not listening to the priest's explanation, exclaimed: “God has blessed us to pray for all the living, and I bless you! When do you hope to be at Fyodor Petrovich's with prosphora? Go with God. And I'll go to him." After the doctor died, Orthodox people prayed for the repose of the soul of the servant of God Theodore.

F.P. Haaz spent all his fortune on charitable activities, and when he died on August 29, 1853, it turned out that after him there was not even money left for a funeral. They buried the 73-year-old "prison doctor" at the state "police account" as a beggar. But all of Moscow came out to see him off... On the tombstone of the Vvedensky cemetery, only three words of his spiritual testament to descendants burn with gold: "Hurry to do good!"

SHMELEVS

Interestingly, the ancestors of the famous Russian writer I. S. Shmelev are connected with the Trinity Church. The Shmelevs appeared on the Sparrow Hills around 1814 in the village of Semenovsky (located near the village of Vorobyevo). This was due to the entrepreneurial activity of the head of the family - the construction of a brick factory. Moscow was being rebuilt after the fire of 1812, and the production of bricks was undoubtedly a profitable business, and Vorobyevo was extremely convenient place for the construction of a brick factory.

The Clear Statement for 1819 says “At the aforementioned Trinity Church, there have long been two brick factories on church land. One is owned by the Moscow merchant Ivan Ivanov, son of Shmelev, under a contract with a payment of two hundred rubles a year, and now, after his death, described to the treasury, and the other plant is Moscow petty bourgeois Ivan and Mikhail Semenov, children of Ilyina, with a payment of 100 rubles a year, and this money is received in the benefit of the clergy. On top of this, a tithe of church land was given to the above-mentioned Shmelev for digging clay for seven years under a contract by the former priest Dmitry Nikolaev at 100 rubles a year in favor of the priestly church ministers.

Thanks to the metric books of the Trinity Church, it became possible to partially restore the daily life of the village and the Shmelev family.

In July 1814, already elderly, the deacon of the Trinity Church, Ivan Semyonov, married a second marriage. His wife was the "philistine daughter" Olga Vasilyeva. In July next year the newlyweds had a son, Pavel. In the register of births there is an entry saying that "the godmother of the newborn was the Moscow merchant Ivan Ivanov's wife, Evo Ustinya Vasilyeva." This evidence suggests that the Shmelevs settled down on the Sparrow Hills and had fairly close acquaintances.

The Shmelevs themselves had two children on Vorobyov. On May 1, 1814, the daughter of Pelageya was born. With a high degree of probability, it can be argued that this is the same aunt Pelageya from the "Summer of the Lord", which punished both her own death and the death of the writer's father. In March 1816, the son of Gavrila was born, who died at the age of nine months and was buried at the Trinity Church.

Later, the Shmelevs moved, becoming the owners of the house and estate on Bolshaya Kaluga Street in the parish of the Church of Our Lady of Kazan.

Belongs to the Mikhailovsky deanery of the Moscow diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. The main throne is consecrated in honor of the Holy Trinity; aisles - in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and St. Sergius of Radonezh. In 1937, in connection with the closure of the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Troitskoye-Golenishchevo, the antimensions from the chapels of St. Jonah and the Martyr Agapius were transferred to the Church of the Holy Trinity on Sparrow Hills, and in the main altar (and now in the refectory) an altar of St. Jonah, Metropolitan of Moscow, was arranged .

Story

Trinity Church on Sparrow Hills at night

The wooden temple of the Trinity on Sparrow Hills has existed since ancient times and is associated with the history of the ancient palace village of Vorobyevo. According to the chronicle, it is known that when the Grand Duchess Sofia Vitovtovna, the wife of the Moscow Grand Duke Vasily I and the daughter of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vitovt, bought the village in the 15th century, the temple was already standing. In the XVII-XVIII centuries. in the village of Vorobyevo there were four churches: three palace churches - in honor of the icon of the Mother of God "Life-Giving Spring", "St. Sergius in the Garden", a summer linen church of the Resurrection of Christ, and also a parish one - the Life-Giving Trinity. All these temples were listed in the palace department of the Moscow district. The first priest of the wooden church of the Trinity known to us was Fr. Titus, who was abbot from 1628 to 1632. The wooden Trinity Church in the village of Vorobyevo, according to the receipt books of the Patriarchal State Order of 1628, was written among the "residential" Moscow churches - "beyond the Wooden City". Until 1690, the Trinity Church was painted in the Prechistensky Magpie of Moscow, and since 1691. it was already written in the Zagorodskaya tithe. The last rector of the wooden temple of the Trinity was Father Nikifor Vasiliev. By the end of the 1790s, the temple was badly dilapidated and, by order of Catherine the Great, was dismantled. The current brick church with a white stone plinth was built in 1811 according to the project of architect A. L. Vitberg, the author of the project of the memorial church of Christ the Savior on Sparrow Hills. The building was built in the style of late classicism, as it is said in the documents "... by the diligence of parishioners and well-meaning givers ..." The first rector of the stone church was Father Jacob Ilyin. The stone temple was erected near the former wooden one. In place of the altar of the old temple, in 1811, a white stone monument crowned with a cross was erected, which has survived to this day. The porch in front of the entrance on the western facade of the bell tower and extensions on its sides appeared during the repairs of the building in 1858-61 and 1898. The territory of the church is surrounded by a brick fence of the late XIX - early XX century. with metal grill. In 1812, M. I. Kutuzov prayed here in front of the council in Fili. The building survived during the Napoleonic invasion. Until 1818, the temple was listed among the churches of the Moscow district, and from March 30, 1818, in the Zamoskvoretsky Magpie of Moscow. The Trinity Church was not only saved from socialist destruction, but was not even closed during the Soviet era, so its ancient interior has been preserved. Moreover, after the well-known Bolshevik prohibition of bell ringing throughout Moscow, it was in the Vorobyov Trinity Church that the bells continued to ring and Orthodox Muscovites secretly went to listen to the blessed ringing of its bells. Once again, the church survived the construction of a high-rise building of Moscow State University in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Now the temple on Sparrow Hills has, as before, three aisles - in honor of the Holy Trinity, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, St. Sergius of Radonezh. There is also a side throne of St. Jonah, Metropolitan of Moscow, which is located in the altar of St. Nicholas. On October 2, 2011, the 200th anniversary of the temple was celebrated.

Patronal feasts

• in honor of the Life-Giving Trinity - a passing holiday, celebrated on the 50th day after Easter
• October 8 (according to the old style September 25) - St. Sergius of Radonezh
• December 19 (December 6) - St. Nicholas the Wonderworker
• March 31, May 27 (transfer of relics), June 15 and October 5 (Cathedral of Moscow Hierarchs) according to the Julian calendar - St. Jonah, Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia, miracle worker

shrines

Revered icon of the Mother of God - "Blessed Sky". Antique icons: a revered list from the miraculous icon of the Mother of God "Donskaya" and St. Nicholas with life. In the temple there are icons of the 19th century - "Saints Guriy, Samon and Aviv", "Saints Cosmas and Damian", "Burning Bush", "Joy of All Who Sorrow", "Kazan" icon of the Mother of God, a four-part icon - with images of the Nativity of Christ, Christmas of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Nativity of John the Baptist and the Nativity of St. Nicholas and the Wonderworker, the icon "Savior Not Made by Hands" by the school of Simon Ushakov and 2 enamel medallions - the Savior and the Mother of God. Also in the temple there is a reliquary with particles of the relics of saints: St. Mitrofan of Voronezh, Righteous Alexy (Mechev) and Blessed Matrona of Moscow.

Clergy

• Rector - Archpriest Sergiy Suzdaltsev
• Archpriest Konstantin Georgievsky
• Archpriest John Dragan
• Priest Alexander Katunin
• Deacon Nikolai Tikhomirov

worship

• daily - Matins and Liturgy at 8:00
• on Sundays and holidays - Holy Moleben at 8:00 and Liturgy at 9:00
• on the eve of Sundays, Mondays, Twelve and great holidays - evening service at 16:00

Address

Address: 119334, Moscow, Kosygina st., 30 (metro station "Vorobyovy Gory", observation deck) Official website: http://hram-troicy.prihod.ru/

Website

http://www.hram-troicy.prihod.ru